Music Markup Language

XML based music description language

Not to be confused with Music Macro Language, a computer music notation format which is not an application of XML.

Music Markup Language (MML) was an early application of XML to describe music objects and events.[1] MML pioneered features commonly used in later music markup formalisms, such as the IEEE 1599 standard. These features included the use of XML as a foundation; the ability to describe a musical object or event comprehensively (as opposed to merely providing a machine-readable format for a traditional musical score, or for a determinate sound recording of one performance); and the division of this comprehensive information into modules (often termed layers in later work), with separate modules for metadata, lyrics, notation, sound, and performance.[2][3][4][5] MML makes it possible to state relationships among written syllables, phonemes, notes in traditional musical notation, pitch, and rhythm in a flexible and extensible way.[6]: 222–223

## See also

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* HTML audio
* MusicXML
* Music Encoding Initiative

## References

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1. ^ Steyn, Jacques (September 19–20, 2002). "Framework for a music markup language" (PDF). Proceedings of the First International IEEE Conference on Musical Application using XML. First International Conference on Musical Application Using XML (MAX2002). Vol. 1060\. Milan, Italy: Laboratory for Musical Informatics (Laboratorio di Informatica Musicale—LIM). pp. 22–29\. S2CID 15757022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-27. HTML version on author's website.
2. ^ Baratè, Adriano; Haus, Goffredo; Ludovico, Luca A.; Presti, Giorgio (2016). "Advances and perspectives in web technologies for music representation". DigitCult. 1 (2): 1–18.
3. ^ Baratè, Adriano; Ludovico, Luca Andrea (September 2016). "Local and global Semantic Networks for the representation of music information". Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society. 12 (4): 109–123\. doi:10.20368/1971-8829/1186.
4. ^ Ludovico, Luca A. (October 8, 2008). "Key concepts of the IEEE 1599 standard" (PDF). In Baggi, D.; Haus, G. (eds.). Proceedings of the IEEE CS Conference: The Use of Symbols To Represent Music And Multimedia Objects. The Use of Symbols to Represent Music and Multimedia Objects. Manno, Switzerland: IEEE Computer Society; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana—SUPSI). pp. 15–26\. ISBN 978-88-7595-010-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
5. ^ Ludovico, Luca A. (February 2009). "IEEE 1599: a multi-layer approach to music description" (PDF). Journal of Multimedia. 4 (1): 9–14\. doi:10.4304/jmm.4.1.9-14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
6. ^ George, Susan Ella (2005). "Chapter 7: Lyric recognition and Christian music". In George, Susan Ella (ed.). Visual perception of music notation: on-line and off-line recognition. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IRM Press. ISBN 1-59140-298-0.

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