Muslim League (Pakistan)

For other uses, see Muslim League (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Pakistan Muslim League or All-India Muslim League.

Political party in Pakistan

Muslim League

مسلم لیگ (Urdu)
মুসলিম লীগ (Bengali)

Abbreviation| ML
Historical leader(s)| Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Liaquat Ali Khan
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
Khwaja Nazimuddin
Fatima Jinnah
Parliamentary Secretary| Mahmud Husain
Founded| 15 December 1947
Dissolved| 27 October 1958
Preceded by| AIML
Succeeded by| PML
AML
Headquarters| Karachi
Newspaper| Dawn
Ideology| Pakistani nationalism
Islamic modernism[1]
Capitalism
Factions:
Islamic socialism[2]
Political position| Big tent
Colors|  Green
Party flag

* Politics of Pakistan
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*     * Previous constitutions:1956
* 1962
* 1973

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* * *

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* Senate (Upper House)

* Chairman: Yousaf Raza Gillani
* Deputy Chairman: Mirza Muhammad Afridi (PTI)
* Leader of the House: Ishaq Dar (PML(N))
* Opposition leader: Shahzad Waseem (PTI)

* * *

* National Assembly (Lower House)

* Leader of the House: Shehbaz Sharif (PML(N))
* Speaker: Ayaz Sadiq (PML(N))
* Deputy speaker: Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah (PPP)
* Leader of the Opposition: Omar Ayub Khan

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* President of Pakistan: Asif Ali Zardari (PPP)
* List of presidents of Pakistan

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* Prime Minister of Pakistan: Shahbaz Sharif (PML-N)
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* Chief Justice: Qazi Faez Isa
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* * *

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* * *

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* Election Commission of Pakistan
* Chief Election Commissioner: Sikandar Sultan Raja
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* * *

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* AJK Election Commission
* Chief Election Commissioner of AJK: Abdul Rashid Sulehria
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* Chief Election Commissioner of Gilgit-Baltistan: Raja Shah Baz Khan

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*     * KPK: 2002
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*     * Balochistan: 2013
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*     * Azad Kashmir: 1970
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*     * Gilgit-Baltistan: 2009
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* Federal government

* * *

*     * Provincial governments: Punjab
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*     * Governors: Muhammad Baligh Ur Rehman(Pujab)
* Kamran Tessori(Sindh)
* Haji Ghulam Ali(KPK)
* Abdul Wali Kakar(Balochistan)
* Syed Mehdi Shah(Gilgit-Baltistan)

*     * Chief Ministers: Maryam Nawaz(Punjab)
* Maqbool Baqar(Sindh)
* Arshad Hussain Shah(KPK)
* Ali Mardan Khan Domki(Balochistan)
* Gulbar Khan(Gilgit-Baltistan)

*     * Provincial assemblies of Pakistan: Punjab
* Sindh
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* * *

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* President: Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry
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Minister: Jalil Abbas Jilani (Caretaker)
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The Muslim League was the original successor of the All-India Muslim League that led the Pakistan Movement to achieve an independent nation. Five of the country's Prime Ministers have been affiliated with this party, namely Liaquat Ali Khan, Khwaja Nazimuddin, M. A. Bogra, Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, and I. I. Chundrigar. The Muslim League was defeated in the 1955 elections to the Constituent Assembly by a political alliance known as the United Front. However, Prime Minister C. M. Ali and Prime Minister Chundrigar were appointed to lead a minority government. The party was dissolved in 1958 after the declaration of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army.[3]

## History[edit]

Jinnah and Muslim League founders

On the foundation of Pakistan, the president of the All-India Muslim League, Jinnah, became the new nation's Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister. The All-India Muslim League was disbanded in December 1947 and succeeded by two organisations, the Muslim League and the Indian Union Muslim League, the first being its original successor in Pakistan. Jinnah resigned as the president of the Muslim League on 17 December and the two Muslim Leagues respectively elected Ch. Khaliquzzaman as President of the Muslim League (Pakistan) and Muhammad Ismail as the president for Indian Union Muslim League.

### Ideology[edit]

The party remained the chief governing party for the early years after the partition. Under the premiership of Liaquat Ali Khan, the ML government successfully drafted the Objectives Resolution. Although Khan was a progressive, he introduced constitutional reforms in line with religious values and principles. The party however adopted a conservative platform under Khwaja Nazimuddin. Nazimuddin opposed equal minority rights and thus, the party lost the support of much of the progressive elite. However, much of his policies were repealed by his successors like Bogra and Ali, who promoted all sorts of liberties.

The party's economic policies were pro-Capitalist. Prime Ministers like Khan and Bogra were keen supporters of a Western-style economy and promoted economic liberalism and fiscal conservatism. In the 1950s, Pakistan signed the pro-Capitalist pacts like CENTO and SEATO, quenching any possible chance of communist influence in the country. Despite Muslim League's support for Islam, the party did not take any action against the Usury payments, attracting criticism from religious parties.

## End of party[edit]

Jinnah died in September 1948 and Liaquat was assassinated in October 1951. Robbed of its two senior leaders, the League began to disintegrate. By 1953, dissensions within the League had led to the formation of several different political parties. Liaquat was succeeded by Khawaja Nazimuddin, a Bengali, who was forced out of office in April 1953. Pakistan was racked by riots, and in the first national elections in May 1955 (held by a system of indirect voting) the League was heavily defeated.

In October 1958, the Army seized power and the martial law regime of Muhammad Ayub Khan banned all political parties. This was the end of the old Muslim League.

## Other parties by the same name[edit]

The name still held great prestige, however, and Ayub Khan later formed a new party, the Convention Muslim League. The opposition faction became known as the Council Muslim League. This latter group joined a united front with other political parties in 1967 in opposition to the regime. But when the military regime of Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan fell in December 1971, and Pakistan's first genuine free elections were held but the military did not allow the majority winner to take office. Bhutto's PPP was swept out of power: West Pakistan dominated by the Pakistan Peoples Party of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto lost massively and the Awami League of East Pakistan heavily won the ballot under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. However, a larger conspiracy did not allow Awami League to be sworn into power. War ensued and East Pakistan became Peoples Republic of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971.

After 1971, in Pakistan (West) the PPP led by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took power. In 1977 Bhutto was removed by General Ziaul Haq through a coup. After the death of Pakistan's military ruler and later civilian President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1988, a new Muslim League was formed under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif, but it had no connection with the original Muslim League. Sharif was prime minister from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 1999, when he was ousted in Pakistan's third military coup. At the controversial elections held by the military regime of Pervez Musharraf in October, five different parties using the name Muslim League contested seats. The largest of these, the Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam), won 69 seats out of 272, and the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), loyal to Nawaz Sharif, won 19 seats. After the elections in 2008, Quaid-e-Azam league was in the ruling coalition and the Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League sat in opposition. In the 2013 elections, Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) emerged as the largest party in the country; the party formed its government at the center and Nawaz Sharif was re elected for third term as Prime Minister of Pakistan.

### Current factions of re founded party[edit]

Further information: List of Muslim League breakaway groups

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Atheist Fundamentalists". The Times of India.
2. ^ Paracha, Nadeem F. (21 February 2013). "Islamic Socialism: A history from left to right". dawn.com. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
3. ^ "The Muslim League | Islamopedia Online". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2013.

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