NCAA Division I

Highest division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association

For defending NCAA Division I champions, see List of current NCAA Division I champions.

NCAA Division I logo NCAA divisions

Division I

Division II

Division III

* v
* t
* e

NCAA Division I (D-I) is the highest division of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States, which accepts players globally. D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers, with large budgets, more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Division II and Division III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition.

This level was previously called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower-level College Division; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973. The University Division was renamed Division I, while the College Division was split in two; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II, while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III.[1]

For college football only, D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and those institutions that do not have any football program. FBS teams have more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams and formerly (until 2024) had minimum game-attendance requirements. The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games, with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games, while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament.

For the 2020–21 school year, Division I contained 357 of the NCAA's 1,066 member institutions, with 130 in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), 127 in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and 100 non-football schools, with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I.[2][3] There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012, after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program.

## Finances

[edit]

Division I athletic programs generated $8.7 billion in revenue in the 2009–10 academic year. Men's teams provided 55%, women's teams 15%, and 30% was not categorized by sex or sport. Football and men's basketball are usually a university's only profitable sports,[4] and are called "revenue sports".[5] From 2008 to 2012, 205 varsity teams were dropped in NCAA Division I - 72 for women and 133 for men, with men's tennis, gymnastics and wrestling hit particularly hard.[6]

In the Football Bowl Subdivision (130 schools in 2017), between 50 and 60 percent of football and men's basketball programs generated positive revenues (above program expenses).[7] However, in the Football Championship Subdivision (124 schools in 2017), only four percent of football and five percent of men's basketball programs generated positive revenues.[8]

In 2012, 2% of athletic budgets were spent on equipment, uniforms and supplies for male athletes at NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision school, with the median spending per-school at $742,000.[9]

In 2014, the NCAA and the student athletes debated whether student athletes should be paid. In April, the NCAA approved students-athletes getting free unlimited meals and snacks. The NCAA stated "The adoption of the meals legislation finished a conversation that began in the Awards, Benefits, Expenses and Financial Aid Cabinet. Members have worked to find appropriate ways to ensure student-athletes get the nutrition they need without jeopardizing Pell Grants or other federal aid received by the neediest student-athletes. With their vote, members of the council said they believe loosening NCAA rules on what and when food can be provided from athletics departments is the best way to address the issue."[10]

According to the finance section of the NCAA page, "The NCAA receives most of its annual revenue from two sources: television and marketing rights for the Division I Men's Basketball Championship and ticket sales for all championships. That money is distributed in more than a dozen ways — almost all of which directly support NCAA schools, conferences and nearly half a million student-athletes. About 60% of the NCAA's annual revenue — around $600 million — is annually distributed directly to Division I member schools and conferences, while more than $150 million funds Division I championships" (NCAA 2021).

## Football conferences

[edit]

Under NCAA regulations, all Division I conferences defined as "multisport conferences" must meet the following criteria:[11]

* A total of at least seven active Division I members. However, the NCAA's Grace Period rule (Bylaw 20.02.9.2) allows conferences to operate for up to two years with less than the minimum.[12]
* Separate from the above, at least seven active Division 1 members that sponsor both men's and women's basketball.
* Sponsorship of at least 12 NCAA Division I sports.
* Minimum of six men's sports, with the following additional restrictions:
* Men's basketball is a mandatory sport, and at least seven members must sponsor that sport.
* Non-football conferences must sponsor at least two men's team sports other than basketball.
* At least six members must sponsor five men's sports other than basketball, including either football or two other team sports.
* Minimum of six women's sports, with the following additional restrictions:
* Women's basketball is a mandatory sport, with at least seven members sponsoring that sport.
* At least two other women's team sports must be sponsored.
* At least six members must sponsor five women's sports other than basketball, with at least two of those five being team sports. If a conference officially sponsors an NCAA "emerging sport" for women (as of 2023–24, acrobatics & tumbling, equestrianism, rugby union, stunt, triathlon, or wrestling), that sport will be counted if five members (instead of six) sponsor it.

### FBS conferences

[edit]

FBS conferences must meet a more stringent set of requirements for NCAA recognition than other conferences:[13]

* A total of at least eight active FBS members.
* To be counted toward this total, a school must participate in conference play in at least six men's and eight women's sports, including men's and women's basketball, football, and at least two other women's team sports.
* Each school may count one men's and one women's sport not sponsored by its primary conference toward the above limits, as long as that sport competes in another Division I conference. The men's and women's sports so counted need not be the same sport.[14]

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Members  | Sports  | Headquarters  | Total
NCAA
Titles  | Men's
NCAA
Titles  | Women's
NCAA
Titles  | Co-ed
NCAA
Titles

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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

American Conference ‡  | The American  | 1979[a] | 13[b][c] | 20  | Irving, Texas | 55 | 37  | 18  | 0
Atlantic Coast Conference †  | ACC  | 1953  | 18[d] | 28[e] | Charlotte, North Carolina | 150 | 87  | 58  | 5
Big Ten Conference †  | Big Ten  | 1896  | 18[f] | 28  | Rosemont, Illinois | 317 | 229  | 72  | 16
Big 12 Conference †  | Big 12  | 1996  | 16[g] | 25  | Irving, Texas | 166 | 163  | 3  | 0
Conference USA ‡  | CUSA  | 1995[h] | 10[i][j] | 19  | Dallas, Texas | 1 | 1  | 0  | 0
Division I FBS Independents[k] | Independents  | –  | 3[l] | 1  | –  |  |  |  |
Mid-American Conference ‡  | MAC  | 1946  | 12[m][n] | 24[o] | Cleveland, Ohio | 4  | 4  | 0  | 0
Mountain West Conference ‡  | Mountain West  | 1999  | 11[p][q][r] | 19  | Colorado Springs, Colorado | 21 | 13  | 5  | 3
Pac-12 Conference | Pac-12  | 1915[s] | 2[t][u] | 24  | San Ramon, California | 501 | 309  | 174  | 18
Southeastern Conference †  | SEC  | 1932  | 16  | 22  | Birmingham, Alabama | 223 | 118  | 104  | 1
Sun Belt Conference ‡  | Sun Belt  | 1976  | 14[v] | 20  | New Orleans, Louisiana | 29 | 16  | 12  | 1

† "Power Four" conferences that had guaranteed berths in the New Year's Six, the bowl games associated with the College Football Playoff, before the playoff's 2024 expansion to 12 teams
‡ "Group of Five" conferences

See also: List of NCAA Division I FBS football programs

Notes

1. ^ The conference was founded in 1979 as the original Big East Conference. It renamed itself the American Athletic Conference following a 2013 split along football lines. The non-FBS schools of the original conference left to form a new conference that purchased the Big East name, while the FBS schools continued to operate under the old Big East's charter and structure. The American also inherited the old Big East's Bowl Championship Series berth for the 2013 season, the last for the BCS.
2. ^ 13 full members and 14 football members, with Wichita State as the only non-football member and Army and Navy as football-only associates.
3. ^ In addition to the full and football-only members, four schools have single-sport associate membership, and two are members in two sports. Three other schools will become associates in the near future.[citation needed]
* James Madison, Old Dominion, and Vanderbilt are members in women's lacrosse. James Madison will add women's swimming & diving to its American Conference membership in 2025.[citation needed]
* FIU is a member in men's soccer and women's swimming & diving.
* Liberty and Marshall will become women's swimming & diving members in 2025.[citation needed]
* Missouri State will become a men's soccer member in 2025.[15]
4. ^ Notre Dame is a full member except in football, in which it remains independent. It has committed to play five games each season against ACC opponents, and to play each other ACC member at least once every three years.
5. ^ 28 championships in 27 NCAA sports; the ACC awards separate men's and women's team championships in fencing, which has a single coed NCAA championship event.
6. ^ In addition to the full members, two schools have affiliate membership:
* Johns Hopkins, otherwise a Division III member, is an affiliate in both men's and women's lacrosse, sports in which the school fields Division I teams.
* Notre Dame is a men's hockey affiliate.
7. ^ In addition to the full members, the Big 12 has 17 members that participate in only one sport.
* Air Force, California Baptist, Missouri, North Dakota State, Northern Colorado, Northern Iowa, Oklahoma, South Dakota State, Utah Valley, and Wyoming compete in men's wrestling.
* Fresno State competes in equestrian.
* Denver is a member in women's gymnastics.
* Florida, San Diego State, and UC Davis are members in women's lacrosse.
* Old Dominion and Tulsa are members in women's rowing.
8. ^ The conference was founded in 1995, with football competition starting in 1996.
9. ^ 12 members in 2025 with addition of Delaware and Missouri State.
* 11 members in 2026 with loss of UTEP.
10. ^ In addition to the full members, Conference USA features 11 schools that play a single sport in the conference, and one that is a member in two sports. One other school will become a single-sport member in the near future.[citation needed]
* Dallas Baptist, a Division II member that plays D-I baseball, is a baseball-only member.
* Florida Atlantic, Missouri State, Tarleton, and UAB are members in beach volleyball. Missouri State becomes a full CUSA member in July 2025.[15]
* Arkansas State, Stephen F. Austin, Valparaiso, Vanderbilt, Wichita State, and Youngstown State are bowling associates.
* Tulane is an associate in both beach volleyball and bowling.
* South Florida joins for beach volleyball in 2025.[16]
11. ^ "Independents" is not a conference; it is simply a designation used for schools whose football programs do not play in any conference. All of these schools have conference memberships for other sports.
12. ^ 2 members in 2025 when UMass becomes a full member of the Mid-American Conference.
13. ^ 13 members in 2025 with addition of UMass.
* 12 members in 2026 with likely departure of Northern Illinois, which has announced its departure in football but not yet for other sports.
14. ^ In addition to the 12 full members, the Mid-American Conference features 16 single-sport members. Three other schools will become single-sport members in the near future.[citation needed]
* Appalachian State, Bellarmine, James Madison, and Longwood compete in women's field hockey.
* Delaware, High Point, and Temple will become women's rowing associates when the MAC adds that sport in 2025–26.[citation needed]
* Detroit Mercy, Robert Morris, and Youngstown State compete in women's lacrosse.
* Bloomsburg, Clarion, Cleveland State, Edinboro, George Mason, Lock Haven, Rider, and SIU Edwardsville compete in men's wrestling.
* UIC is a member in men's tennis.
15. ^ 25 sports in 2025 with addition of women's rowing.
16. ^ Since 2012, Hawaiʻi has been a football-only associate member, with most of its remaining teams in the non-football Big West Conference.
17. ^ 10 full members and 9 football members in 2026 with the following changes:
* Loss of Boise State, Colorado State, Fresno State, San Diego State, and Utah State.
* Addition of UTEP for all sports, Grand Canyon and UC Davis as non-football members, and Northern Illinois for football only.
* Upgrade of Hawaiʻi's membership from football-only to all-sports.
18. ^ In addition to the 11 full members and football affiliate Hawaiʻi, Colorado College, a Division III school with a Division I men's ice hockey team, plays Division I women's soccer in the MW. Washington State is an associate in baseball and women's swimming & diving; it may leave in one or both sports in 2026, depending on future Pac-12 sports sponsorship.
19. ^ The charter of the Pac-12 dates only to the formation of the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) in 1959. However, the Pac-12 claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, which was founded in 1915 and began competition in 1916, as its own. Of the nine members of the PCC at the time of its demise in June 1959, only Idaho never joined the Pac-12. The PCC's berth in the Rose Bowl passed to the AAWU.
20. ^ 8 full members and 7 football members in 2026 with addition of Boise State, Colorado State, Fresno State, Gonzaga (non-football), San Diego State, and Utah State.
21. ^ The Pac-12 also includes five associate members, with four competing in a single sport and another in two sports.
* Bakersfield, Cal Poly, and Little Rock compete in men's wrestling.
* UC Davis competes in women's lacrosse.
* San Diego State competes in women's lacrosse and men's soccer.
22. ^ In addition to the full members, the SBC has eight associate members:
* Kentucky, South Carolina, UCF, and West Virginia are members in men's soccer.
* Charleston, Mercer, Stephen F. Austin, and UNC Wilmington are members in beach volleyball.

### FCS conferences

[edit]

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Football
members  | Sports  | Headquarters

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|
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Atlantic Sun Conference | ASUN  | 1978  | 5[a][b] | 21  | Jacksonville, Florida
Big Sky Conference | Big Sky  | 1963  | 12[c] | 16[d] | Ogden, Utah
Big South Conference | Big South  | 1983  | 2[e][f] | 19  | Charlotte, North Carolina
Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference[g] | CAA Football  | 2007[h] | 16[i][j] | 1  | Richmond, Virginia
Independents[k] |  |  | 2[l] | 1  |
Ivy League[m] |  | 1954  | 8  | 33[n] | Princeton, New Jersey
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference[o] | MEAC  | 1970  | 6[p] | 14  | Norfolk, Virginia
Missouri Valley Football Conference | MVFC  | 1982  | 11[q] | 1  | St. Louis, Missouri
Northeast Conference | NEC  | 1981  | 9[r][s] | 24  | Somerset, New Jersey
Ohio Valley Conference | OVC  | 1948  | 7[e][t] | 1  | Brentwood, Tennessee
Patriot League |  | 1986  | 7[u] | 24  | Center Valley, Pennsylvania
Pioneer Football League | PFL  | 1991  | 11  | 1  | St. Louis, Missouri
Southern Conference | SoCon  | 1921  | 9[v] | 20  | Spartanburg, South Carolina
Southland Conference | SLC  | 1963  | 12[w] | 17  | Frisco, Texas
Southwestern Athletic Conference[x] | SWAC  | 1920  | 12  | 18  | Birmingham, Alabama
Western Athletic Conference | WAC  | 1962  | 4[a][y] | 20  | Arlington, Texas

See also: List of NCAA Division I FCS football programs

Notes

1. ^ a b Includes only members playing in the United Athletic Conference, a football merger between the ASUN and WAC. Due to an NCAA moratorium on the formation of new single-sport conferences, the UAC is not an NCAA-recognized conference, instead being treated as a continuation of a preexisting football alliance between the ASUN and WAC that has a single automatic berth in the FCS playoffs.
2. ^ Of the 12 full members, five do not sponsor football at all. Of the football-sponsoring members, five play in the UAC, one in the Pioneer Football League, and one outside of NCAA governance in the weight-restricted variant of sprint football.
3. ^ The football membership consists of all 10 full members plus football-only affiliates Cal Poly and UC Davis.
4. ^ 15 sports in 2024 with dropping of men's golf.
5. ^ a b Includes only members playing in the OVC–Big South Football Association, a single-sport alliance between the Big South Conference and Ohio Valley Conference that has a single automatic berth in the FCS playoffs.
6. ^ Of the 9 full Big South members, six do not sponsor football at all, while a seventh (Presbyterian) is a member of the Pioneer Football League.
7. ^ Administered by the multi-sports Coastal Athletic Association as a separate entity.
8. ^ Reflects the establishment of CAA Football by the multi-sports Colonial Athletic Association, now the Coastal Athletic Association. CAA Football officially traces its history to 1947 through the Yankee Conference and Atlantic 10 Conference, and the history can be traced back further to 1938 via the New England Conference.
9. ^ 14 members in 2025 with loss of Delaware and Richmond.
10. ^ Five of the 14 full members of the multi-sports CAA do not play football at all. CAA Football includes seven schools outside the multi-sports CAA: Albany, Bryant, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Richmond, and Villanova. Richmond football leaves for the Patriot League in 2025.[17]
11. ^ In football only; such schools almost always are members of multi-sport conferences.
12. ^ Merrimack and Sacred Heart became independents after leaving the Northeast Conference for the non-football Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference in 2024.
13. ^ The 2025 season is the first in which the Ivy League will participate in the FCS playoffs.
14. ^ The count of 33 separately lists all men's and women's sports in which the Ivy League awards a team championship. The following caveats are noted:
* The Ivy League awards separate men's and women's championships in fencing, a sport in which the NCAA awards a single coed team championship.
* Includes three non-NCAA sports: men's rowing and men's and women's squash.
* The Ivy League does not operate a championship event in men's or women's ice hockey. All Ivy members compete as members of ECAC Hockey for that conference's automatic bids to the NCAA men's and women's tournaments. Ivy champions are extrapolated from regular-season results of ECAC games involving two Ivy teams.
* Through 2023–24, the Ivy League had a similar relationship with the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association in men's wrestling, with Ivy teams competing for NCAA tournament berths as EIWA members and the Ivy championship determined by results of dual meets between Ivy members. Starting in 2024–25, the Ivy League launched its own men's wrestling championship.
15. ^ The MEAC champion, since 2015, forgoes its automatic bid to allow its champion to participate in the Celebration Bowl. Non-champions are eligible for at-large bids (the most recent example being North Carolina Central in 2023).
16. ^ Of the 8 full MEAC members, two do not sponsor football: Coppin State and UMES.
17. ^ 10 members in 2025 with loss of Missouri State.
18. ^ Of the 9 full NEC members, three do not sponsor football. The six football-sponsoring schools are joined by associate members Duquesne and Robert Morris. Both associates house a second sport in the NEC, respectively bowling and men's lacrosse.
19. ^ In addition to the full members and football associates, 18 other schools are associate members in at least one sport. One other school is set to become an affiliate in the near future.
* Binghamton is a member in men's golf, plus men's and women's tennis.
* Cleveland State, Detroit Mercy, and VMI are members in men's lacrosse.
* Coppin State and Norfolk State are members in baseball only.
* Daemen and D'Youviile, otherwise Division II members, compete in men's volleyball, which has a single NCAA championship event open to members of Divisions I and II.
* Delaware State participates in baseball, women's golf, women's lacrosse, and women's soccer.
* Fairfield, Merrimack, Rider, and Sacred Heart are members in field hockey.
* Howard participates in men's and women's golf, women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's swimming & diving.
* Manhattan joins for men's volleyball in 2025.[18]
* Monmouth and Niagara are members bowling.
* North Carolina Central is a member in men's and women's golf.
* UMES is a member in baseball, plus men's and women's golf. It will add men's volleyball to its NEC membership in 2025.[citation needed]
20. ^ Of the 11 full OVC members, Little Rock, SIU Edwardsville, and Southern Indiana do not sponsor football, while Morehead State competes in the Pioneer Football League..
21. ^ Of the 10 full Patriot members, American, Boston University, and Loyola (MD) do not sponsor football, while Army and Navy play FBS football. The five full members that play Patriot League football are joined by associates Fordham and Georgetown.
* 8 football members in 2025 with addition of Richmond as a football associate.[17]
22. ^ Of the 10 full SoCon members, only UNC Greensboro does not sponsor football.
23. ^ Of the 12 full SLC members, three do not sponsor football: New Orleans, Texas A&M–Corpus Christi, and UTRGV, the last of which is playing an exhibition-only football season in 2024.
* 10 football members in 2025 with UTRGV elevating football to varsity status.
24. ^ The SWAC abstains from the championship tournament to allow for a longer regular season, an in-conference championship game and the winner participating in the Celebration Bowl. If a team is not in the championship game and not playing a regular season game on the 1st weekend of the FCS Playoffs. They could qualify for an at-large bid to play if selected.
25. ^ Of the 11 full WAC members, California Baptist, Grand Canyon (leaving no later than 2026 for the Mountain West Conference), Seattle (leaving for the West Coast Conference in 2025), UT Arlington, and Utah Valley do not sponsor football at all.[citation needed]

## Sports

[edit]

### Men's team sports

[edit]

No.  | Sport  | Founded  | Teams[19] | Conf. | Scholarships
per team  | Season  | Most
Championships

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1  | Football | 1869 (FBS)[20]
1978 (FCS)[21] | 263
(134 FBS,
129 FCS) | 24
(10 FBS,
14 FCS) | 85 (FBS)
63.0 (FCS)  | Fall  | Princeton (28)
2  | Basketball | 1939[22] | 364  | 32  | 13 | Winter  | UCLA (11)
3  | Baseball | 1947[23] | 299  | 30  | 11.7 | Spring  | USC (12)
4  | Soccer | 1959[24] | 204  | 23  | 9.9 | Fall  | Saint Louis (10)
5  | Ice hockey | 1948[25] | 61  | 6  | 18.0 | Winter  | Denver (10)
6  | Lacrosse | 1971[26] | 74  | 10  | 12.6 | Spring  | Syracuse (10)
7  | Volleyball | 1970[27] | 29  | 5  | 4.5 | Spring  | UCLA (19)
8  | Water polo | 1969[28] | 25  | 4  | 4.5 | Fall  | California (14)

Sports are ranked according to total possible scholarships (number of teams x number of scholarships per team). Scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point. Numbers for equivalency sports are indicated with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if needed.

Notes:

The NCAA officially classifies the men's championships in volleyball and water polo as "National Collegiate" championships, that being the designation for championships that are open to members of more than one NCAA division. The ice hockey championship, however, is styled as a "Division I" championship because of the previous existence of a separate Division II championship in that sport.

* Football — D-I football programs are divided into FBS and FCS. The 133 FBS programs can award financial aid to as many as 85 players, with each player able to receive up to a full scholarship. The 128 FCS programs can award up to the equivalent of 63 full scholarships, divided among no more than 85 individuals. Some FCS conferences restrict scholarships to a lower level or prohibit scholarships altogether.
* Soccer — As of the most recent 2023 NCAA soccer season (part of the 2023–24 academic year), four of the 10 FBS conferences do not sponsor men's soccer: the Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference, and the SEC. Several other D-I conferences also do not sponsor the sport: the Big Sky, MEAC, Mountain West, Southland, and SWAC. The Ohio Valley Conference is the most recent conference to add men's soccer; it started sponsoring the sport for the first time in the 2023 season. Conference USA shut down its league after losing most of its men's soccer membership to the Sun Belt Conference, followed by the American Athletic Conference taking in CUSA's remaining four teams (three of which fully joined The American in 2023) as associate members for 2022. The MAC was reduced to 5 men's soccer members in the 2022 season, and shut down its league at the end of that season after being unable to find the sixth member needed to maintain its automatic NCAA tournament bid. Of its final men's soccer members, three moved that sport to the Missouri Valley Conference, one to the Big East Conference, and one to the Ohio Valley Conference.
* The Pac-12 will be reduced to two full members in 2024, with only Oregon State sponsoring men's soccer. Oregon State will house most of its non-football sports in the West Coast Conference in the 2024–25 and 2025–26 school years. Pac-12 men's soccer affiliate San Diego State will move that sport to the Western Athletic Conference.[needs update]
* Ice hockey — Almost all D-I ice hockey programs are in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, or the Colorado Front Range. Only one D-I all-sports conference, the Big Ten, sponsors a men's hockey league. All other conferences operate as hockey-specific leagues. Of the 61 teams competing in D-I hockey in 2022–23, 22 are otherwise classified as either D-II or D-III; a number of schools from D-II play in D-I ice hockey as the NCAA no longer sponsors a championship in D-II and many have traditional/cultural fan bases that support ice hockey, and the D-III schools were "grandfathered" in to D-I through their having sponsored hockey prior to the creation of D-III.
* Lacrosse — The vast majority of D-I lacrosse programs are from the Northeast, Southeast, and Mid-Atlantic. Only five D-I programs are not in the Eastern Time Zone: Air Force and Denver on the Colorado Front Range, Lindenwood on the Missouri side of the St. Louis metropolitan area, Marquette in Milwaukee, and Utah. Lindenwood will drop men's lacrosse after the 2024 season (2023–24 school year).[needs update]
* Volleyball — Of the traditional D-I conferences, only the Big West Conference and Northeast Conference sponsor men's volleyball, with those conferences respectively adding the sport in 2017–18 and 2022–23. Two of the other three major volleyball conferences, defined in that sport as leagues that include full Division I members, are volleyball-specific conferences; the third is the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation, a multi-sport conference that does not sponsor football or basketball. In addition to the D-I schools, 33 D-II schools are competing in the National Collegiate division in 2023–24; eight of these are members of Conference Carolinas, the first all-sports league outside Division III to sponsor the sport; six are members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference; and four are either full or affiliate members of the East Coast Conference, which began sponsoring the sport in 2023–24.
* Water Polo — The number of D-I schools sponsoring men's water polo has declined from 35 in 1987/88 to 22 in 2010/11.[29] No school outside of California has ever made the finals of the championship, and all champions since 1998 have come from one of the four California schools that are leaving the Pac-12 in 2024.

### Men's individual sports

[edit]

The following table lists the men's individual D-I sports with at least 1,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.

No.  | Sport  | Founded  | Teams (2022)[30] | Teams (1982)[30] | Change  | Athletes[30] | Season

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1  | Track (outdoor)  | 1921[31] | 287  | 230  | +57  | 11,387  | Spring
2  | Track (indoor)  | 1965[32] | 264  | 209  | +55  | 10,369  | Winter
3  | Cross country | 1938[33] | 315  | 256  | +59  | 5,032  | Fall
4  | Swimming and diving | 1937[34] | 130  | 181  | −51  | 3,826  | Winter
5  | Golf | 1939[35] | 292  | 263  | +29  | 2,958  | Spring
6  | Wrestling | 1928[36] | 76  | 146  | −70  | 2,665  | Winter
7  | Tennis | 1946[37] | 233  | 267  | −34  | 2,293  | Spring

D-I college wrestling has lost almost half of its programs since 1982.[38]

### Women's team sports

[edit]

No.  | Sport  | Founded  | Teams[30] | Conf. | Scholarships
per team  | Season  | Most Championships

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|
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|
|
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1  | Basketball | 1982 | 348  | 32  | 15 | Winter  | UConn (12)
2  | Soccer | 1982 | 335  | 31  | 14.0 | Fall  | North Carolina (21)
3  | Volleyball | 1981 | 332  | 32  | 12*  | Fall  | Stanford (9)
4  | Softball | 1982 | 293  | 32  | 12.0 | Spring  | UCLA (12)
5  | Rowing | 1997 | 87  | 12  | 20.0 | Spring  | Brown (7)
6  | Lacrosse | 1982 | 119  | 13  | 12.0 | Spring  | Maryland (14)
7  | Field hockey | 1981 | 77  | 10  | 12.0 | Fall  | North Carolina (11)
8  | Ice hockey | 2001 | 34  | 5  | 18.0 | Winter  | Wisconsin (7)
9  | Beach volleyball | 2016 | 62  | 5  | 6.0*  | Spring  | USC (4)
10  | Water polo | 2001 | 34  | 6  | 8.0 | Spring  | Stanford (8)

Notes

* As in the men's table above, sports are ranked in order of total possible scholarships. Numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point; those for equivalency sports are indicated with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if needed.
* Women's soccer is the fastest growing NCAA D-I women's team sport over a prolonged period, increasing from 22 teams in 1981–82 to 335 teams in 2021–22.[30] However, in recent years, the fastest-growing has been beach volleyball, which went from 14 Division I teams in 2011–12 to 62 in 2021–22.
* † = Since the 2016–17 school year, rugby is classified by the NCAA as an "emerging sport" for women. Beach volleyball, which had previously been an "emerging sport" under the name of "sand volleyball",[39] became an official NCAA championship sport in 2015–16.[40]
* * = The number of scholarships are partially linked for (indoor) volleyball and beach volleyball. Schools that field both indoor and beach volleyball teams are allowed 6.0 full scholarship equivalents specifically for beach volleyball as of 2016–17, with the further limitations that (1) no player receiving aid for beach volleyball can be on the indoor volleyball roster and (2) a maximum of 14 individuals can receive aid in beach volleyball. If a school fields only a beach volleyball team, it is allowed 8.0 full scholarship equivalents for that sport, also distributed among no more than 14 individuals.

### Women's individual sports

[edit]

The following table lists the women's individual D-I sports with at least 1,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.

No.  | Sport  | Teams (2022)[30] | Teams (1982)[30] | Change  | Athletes[30] | Season

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Track (outdoor)  | 339  | 180  | +159  | 13,672  | Spring
2  | Track (indoor)  | 331  | 127  | +204  | 13,404  | Winter
3  | Cross country | 347  | 183  | +164  | 5,896  | Fall
4  | Swimming and diving | 190  | 161  | +29  | 5,886  | Winter
5  | Tennis | 300  | 246  | +54  | 2,817  | Spring
6  | Golf | 262  | 83  | +179  | 2,229  | Spring
7  | Gymnastics | 61  | 99  | −38  | 1,258  | Winter

## Broadcasting and revenue

[edit]

NCAA Division I schools have broadcasting contracts that showcase their more popular sports — typically football and men's basketball — on network television and in basic cable channels. These contracts can be quite lucrative, particularly for D-I schools from the biggest conferences. For example, the Big Ten conference in 2016 entered into contracts with Fox and ESPN that pay the conference $2.64 billion over six years.

The NCAA also holds certain TV contracts. For example, the NCAA's contract to show the men's basketball championship tournament (widely known as March Madness) is currently under a 14-year deal with CBS and Turner that runs from 2010 to 2024 and pays $11 billion.

For the 2014–15 fiscal year, the conferences that earned the most revenues (and that distributed the most revenues to each of their member schools) were:

1. SEC — $527 million (dispersed $33 million to each of its member schools)
2. Big 10 — $449 million (dispersed $32 million each)
3. Pac-12 — $439 million (dispersed $25 million each)
4. ACC — $403 million (dispersed $26 million each)
5. Big 12 — $268 million (dispersed $23 million each)

U.S. college sports TV rights  Sports rights | Sport | National TV contract | Total Revenues
(Per Year) | Ref

|
|
|
|

NCAA March Madness | Basketball | CBS, Turner | $8.8B ($1.1B) |
College Football Playoff | Football | ESPN | $5.6B ($470m) |
Pac-12 Conference | All | Fox, ESPN | $3.0B ($250m) |
Big Ten Conference (Big Ten/B1G) | All | Fox, ESPN, CBS | $2.6B ($440m) | [41]
Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) | All | ESPN, The CW | $3.6B ($240m) |
Big 12 Conference | All | Fox, ESPN | $2.6B ($200m) |
Southeastern Conference (SEC) | All | CBS, ESPN | $2.6B ($205m) |
American Athletic Conference | All | ESPN | $910m ($130m) |
Mountain West Conference (MW) | All | CBS, ESPN | $116m ($18m) | [42]
Mid-American Conference (MAC) | All | ESPN | $100m ($8m) | [43]

## Scholarship limits by sport

[edit]

The NCAA has limits on the total financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. It divides sports that are sponsored into two types for purposes of scholarship limitations:

* "Head-count" sports, in which the NCAA limits the total number of individuals that can receive athletic scholarships, but allows each player to receive up to a full scholarship.
* "Equivalency" sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a given sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport.

The term "counter" is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a "counter" as "an individual who is receiving institutional financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport."[44]

The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in each sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point; for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if required.

Sport | Men's | Women's

|
|

Acrobatics & tumbling | – | 14.0[45]
Baseball | 11.7[46][nb 1] | –
Basketball | 13[52] | 15[53]
Beach volleyball | – | 6.0[nb 2]
Bowling | – | 5.0[45]
Cross country/Track and field | 12.6[56][nb 3] | 18.0[45][nb 4]
Equestrian | – | 15.0[45]
Fencing | 4.5[56] | 5.0[45]
Field hockey | – | 12.0[45]
Football | 85 (FBS)[58][nb 5]
63.0 (FCS)[59][nb 6] | –
Golf | 4.5[56] | 6.0[45]
Gymnastics | 6.3[56] | 12[61]
Ice hockey | 18.0[62][nb 7] | 18.0[nb 8]
Lacrosse | 12.6[56] | 12.0[45]
Rifle | 3.6[56][nb 9] | –
Rowing | – | 20.0[45]
Rugby | – | 12.0[45]
Skiing | 6.3[56] | 7.0[45]
Soccer | 9.9[56] | 14.0[45]
Softball | – | 12.0[45]
Stunt | – | 9.0[45]
Swimming and diving | 9.9[56] | 14.0[45]
Tennis | 4.5[56] | 8[61]
Triathlon | – | 6.5[45]
Volleyball | 4.5[56] | 12[61]
Water polo | 4.5[56] | 8.0[45]
Wrestling | 9.9[56] | 10.0[45]

1. ^ This total is also subject to the following restrictions:
* The number of total counters is limited to 27.[46]
* Each counter must receive "athletically related and other countable financial aid" equal to at least 25% of a full scholarship.[47] Most institutional and governmental non-athletic aid falls in the "countable" category;[48] an official NCAA rules interpretation also allows schools to count aid that would otherwise be exempt by NCAA rule (such as purely academic awards) toward the 25% limit, as long as it also is included in the calculations for the team equivalency limit.[49] The 25% rule does not apply to baseball schools that offer only need-based aid (such as Ivy League members).[50] A second exception to the 25% rule, added in 2012, is for players in their final year of athletic eligibility who have not previously received athletically related aid in baseball at any college.[51]
2. ^ This total is for schools that also sponsor women's indoor volleyball.[54] If a school does not sponsor women's indoor volleyball, it is allowed 8.0 equivalents for beach volleyball.[55] For all schools, the maximum number of counters in beach volleyball is 14.[54][55]
3. ^ If a school sponsors men's cross-country but does not sponsor either indoor or outdoor track and field for men, it is allowed 5.0 scholarship equivalents for that sport.[57]
4. ^ If a school sponsors women's cross-country but does not sponsor either indoor or outdoor track and field for women, it is allowed 6.0 scholarship equivalents for that sport.[57]
5. ^ FBS programs are also limited to 25 new counters per school year.[58]
6. ^ FCS programs are also limited to 85 total counters per school year.[59] Effective with the recruiting cycle for the 2018–19 school year, the previous limit of 30 new counters per year for FCS programs has been removed.[60]
7. ^ The number of total counters is limited to 30.[62]
8. ^ The NCAA Division I Manual does not include any scholarship limitations for women's ice hockey. These limitations are instead found in the Division II Manual.[63] The Division II Manual does not include any limit on total counters for any sport, including women's ice hockey.
9. ^ NCAA rifle competition is fully coeducational. For purposes of sports sponsorship, the NCAA classifies teams that include both men and women as men's teams.[64] Of the 33 NCAA rifle schools (23 in Division I, 4 in Division II, and 6 in Division III), 22 field a single coed/mixed team. Six schools (five in Division I and one in Division III) field women-only teams. Schools are also allowed to field any combination of men's, women's, and mixed teams; several NCAA rifle schools field two types of teams, but none currently fields all three types. The scholarship limits are per school, not per team.

### Rules for multi-sport athletes

[edit]

The NCAA also has rules specifying the sport in which multi-sport athletes are to be counted, with the basic rules being:[65]

* Anyone who participates in football is counted in that sport, even if he does not receive financial aid from the football program. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport.[66]
* Participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football.
* Participants in men's ice hockey are counted in that sport, unless they also play football or basketball.
* Participants in both men's swimming and diving and men's water polo are counted in swimming and diving, unless they count in football or basketball.
* Participants in women's (indoor) volleyball are counted in that sport unless they also play basketball.
* All other multi-sport athletes are counted in whichever sport the school chooses.

## Football subdivisions

[edit]

Subdivisions in Division I exist only in football.[67][68] In all other sports, all Division I conferences are equivalent. The subdivisions were recently given names to reflect the differing levels of football play in them.

As of the 2023 season, the main distinctions between Bowl Subdivision and Championship Subdivision schools are scholarship policies and the existence of an official NCAA championship in the latter subdivision.[69][70] Before the 2023 season, the NCAA required that FBS schools average at least 15,000 attendance, allowing schools to report either total tickets sold or the number of persons in attendance at the games. The requirement was a minimum average of 15,000 people in attendance every other year.[70] These numbers are posted to the NCAA statistics website for football each year. With new rules starting in the 2006 season, it was possible for the number of Bowl Subdivision schools to drop in the future if those schools were not able to pull in enough fans into the games. Additionally, 14 FCS schools had enough attendance to be moved up in 2012.[71] Under current NCAA rules, these schools must have an invitation from an FBS conference in order to move to FBS. The difference in the postseasons in each of the subdivisions grant the FCS an advantage to have the best record in college football history, 17–0, while the FBS only allows a 15–0 record.

FBS attendance requirements were abolished early in the 2023 season, effective immediately. In their place, Division I added new requirements for athletic funding. Effective in 2027–28, FBS schools must fund the equivalent of at least 210 full scholarships across all of their NCAA sports; spend at least $6 million annually on athletic scholarships; and provide at least 90% of the total number of allowed scholarship equivalents across 16 sports, including football.[69]

### Football Bowl Subdivision

[edit]

Main article: NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision

See also: College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS and List of NCAA Division I FBS football bowl records

Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, is the top level of college football. Schools in Division I FBS compete in post-season bowl games, with the champions of five conferences, along with the highest-ranked champion of the other five conferences, receiving automatic bids to the access bowls.

FBS schools are limited to a total of 85 football players receiving financial assistance.[72] For competitive reasons, a student receiving partial scholarship counts fully against the total of 85. Nearly all FBS schools that are not on NCAA probation give 85 full scholarships.

As of the current 2024 college football season, there are 133 full members of Division I FBS, plus one transitional school that is considered an FBS member for scheduling purposes. The newest full FBS members are Jacksonville State, James Madison, and Sam Houston, which completed the transition from FCS prior to the 2024 season. The next school to become a full FBS member is Kennesaw State, which joined Conference USA (CUSA) in 2024 and will become a full FBS member a year later. Delaware and Missouri State are set to join CUSA in 2025 and become full FBS members in 2026.[15]

Since the 2016 season, all FBS conferences have been allowed to conduct a championship game that does not count against the limit of 12 regular-season contests. Under the current rules, most recently changed in advance of the 2022 season, conferences have complete freedom to determine the participants in their championship games.[73] From 2016 to 2021, FBS rules allowed such a game to be held either (1) between the winners of each of two divisions, with each team having played a full round-robin schedule within its division, or (2) between the conference's top two teams after a full round-robin conference schedule.[74] Before 2016, "exempt" championship games could only be held between the divisional winners of conferences that had at least 12 football teams and split into divisions.[75][76] The prize is normally a specific bowl game bid for which the conference has a tie-in.

Some conferences have numbers in their names but this often has no relation to the number of member institutions in the conference. The Big Ten Conference did not formally adopt the "Big Ten" name until 1987, but unofficially used that name when it had 10 members from 1917 to 1946, and again from 1949 forward. However, it has continued to use the name even after it expanded to 11 members with the addition of Penn State in 1990, 12 with the addition of Nebraska in 2011, and 14 with the arrival of Maryland and Rutgers in 2014. The Big 12 Conference was established in 1996 with 12 members, but continues to use that name even after a number of departures and a few replacements left the conference with 10 members, and later expansions brought the membership totals to 14 in 2023 and 16 effective in 2024. On the other hand, the Pac-12 Conference used names (official or unofficial) that have reflected the number of members from the establishment of its current charter in 1959 until its collapse in 2024. The conference unofficially used "Big Five" (1959–62), "Big Six" (1962–64), and "Pacific-8" (1964–68) before officially adopting the "Pacific-8" name. The name duly changed to "Pacific-10" in 1978 with the addition of Arizona and Arizona State, and "Pac-12" (instead of "Pacific-12") in 2011 when Colorado and Utah joined. Conferences also tend to ignore their regional names when adding new schools. For example, the Pac-8/10/12 retained its "Pacific" moniker even though its four most recent additions (Arizona, Arizona State, Colorado, Utah) are located in the inland West, and the original Big East kept its name even after adding schools (either in all sports or for football only) located in areas traditionally considered to be in the Midwest (Cincinnati, DePaul, Marquette, Notre Dame), Upper South (Louisville, Memphis) and Southwest (Houston, SMU). The non-football conference that assumed the Big East name when the original Big East split in 2013 is another example of this phenomenon, as half of its 10 inaugural schools (Butler, Creighton, DePaul, Marquette, Xavier) are traditionally regarded as being Midwestern. An even more extrema example of this phenomenon is the Atlantic Coast Conference. For the first 60 years after its 1953 founding, the ACC consisted entirely of schools in Atlantic Coast states. However, in 2013, the conference added three new schools, two of which (Pittsburgh and, for non-football sports, Indiana-based Notre Dame) were in states without an Atlantic shoreline. The following year saw the ACC add another non-Atlantic school in Louisville. Then, in 2023, the conference announced it would expand in 2024 to the Pacific coast with San Francisco Bay Area rivals California and Stanford, and also add SMU from Dallas–Fort Worth.

#### Conferences

[edit]

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Members  | Sports  | Headquarters

|
|
|
|
|

American Athletic Conference ***  | The American  | 2013[a] | 13[b][c] | 21  | Irving, Texas
Atlantic Coast Conference **  | ACC  | 1953  | 18[d] | 28[e] | Charlotte, North Carolina
Big Ten Conference **  | Big Ten, B1G  | 1896  | 18[f] | 28  | Rosemont, Illinois
Big 12 Conference **  | Big 12  | 1996  | 16[g] | 25  | Irving, Texas
Conference USA ***  | CUSA  | 1995[h] | 10[i][j] | 19  | Dallas, Texas
Division I FBS Independents[k] |  |  | 3[l] |  |
Mid-American Conference ***  | MAC  | 1946  | 12[m][n] | 22[o] | Cleveland, Ohio
Mountain West Conference ***  | MW  | 1999  | 11[p][q][r] | 19  | Colorado Springs, Colorado
Pac-12 Conference | Pac-12  | 1915[s] | 2[t][u] | 24  | San Ramon, California
Southeastern Conference **  | SEC  | 1932  | 16  | 22  | Birmingham, Alabama
Sun Belt Conference ***  | Sun Belt, SBC  | 1976  | 14[v] | 20  | New Orleans, Louisiana

** – "Big Four" or "Power Four" conferences that had guaranteed berths in the "access bowls" associated with the College Football Playoff before its 2024 expansion to 12 teams
*** – "Group of Five" conferences

See also: List of NCAA Division I FBS football programs

Notes

1. ^ The conference was founded in 1979 as the original Big East Conference. It renamed itself the American Athletic Conference following a 2013 split along football lines. The non-FBS schools of the original conference left to form a new conference that purchased the Big East name, while the FBS schools continued to operate under the old Big East's charter and structure. The American also inherited the old Big East's Bowl Championship Series berth for the 2013 season, the last for the BCS.
2. ^ 13 full members and 14 football members, with Wichita State as the only non-football member and Army and Navy as football-only members.
3. ^ In addition to the full members and football-only members Army and Navy, three other schools have single-sport associate membership, and one is a member in two sports.
* FIU is a member in both men's soccer and women's swimming & diving.
* James Madison, Old Dominion, and Vanderbilt are members in women's lacrosse.
4. ^ Notre Dame is a full member except in football, in which it remains independent. It has committed to play at least five games each season against ACC opponents, and to play each other ACC member at least once every three years.
5. ^ This reflects the number of ACC sports championships. The conference awards separate men's and women's team championships in fencing, a sport in which the NCAA organizes a single coeducational championship event.
6. ^ In addition to the full members, two schools have affiliate membership:
* Johns Hopkins, otherwise a Division III member, is an affiliate in both men's and women's lacrosse, sports in which the school fields Division I teams.
* Notre Dame is a men's hockey affiliate.
7. ^ In addition to the full members, the Big 12 has 17 members that participate in only one sport.
* Air Force, California Baptist, Missouri, North Dakota State, Northern Colorado, Northern Iowa, Oklahoma, South Dakota State, Utah Valley, and Wyoming compete in men's wrestling.
* Denver competes in women's gymnastics.
* Florida, San Diego State, and UC Davis compete in women's lacrosse.
* Fresno State competes in women's equestrian.
* Old Dominion and Tulsa compete in women's rowing.
8. ^ The conference was founded in 1995, with football competition starting in 1996.
9. ^ 12 members in 2025 with addition of Delaware and Missouri State.
* 11 members in 2026 with loss of UTEP.
10. ^ In addition to the full members, Conference USA features 11 schools that play one sport in the conference, plus one school that is a member in two sports.
* Arkansas State, Stephen F. Austin, Valparaiso, Vanderbilt, Wichita State, and Youngstown State are members in bowling.
* Dallas Baptist, a Division II member that plays D-I baseball, is a baseball member.
* Florida Atlantic, Missouri State (which becomes a full member in 2025[15]), Tarleton, and UAB are members in beach volleyball.
* Tulane is a member in beach volleyball and bowling.
11. ^ "Independents" is not a conference; it is simply a designation used for schools whose football programs do not play in any conference. All of these schools have conference memberships for other sports.
12. ^ 2 members in 2025 with UMass joining the Mid-American Conference.
13. ^ 13 members in 2025 with addition of UMass.
* 12 members in 2026 with loss of Northern Illinois.
14. ^ In addition to the 12 full members, the Mid-American Conference features 16 members that participate in a single sport, with three other schools becoming single-sport members in the near future.[citation needed]
* Appalachian State, Bellarmine, James Madison, and Longwood compete in women's field hockey.
* Delaware, High Point, and Temple will compete in the MAC's new women's rowing league starting in 2025.[citation needed]
* Detroit Mercy, Robert Morris, and Youngstown State compete in women's lacrosse.
* Eight schools are men's wrestling affiliates: full Division I members Cleveland State, George Mason, Rider, and SIU Edwardsville, plus four Division II members that compete in D-I wrestling, namely Bloomsburg, Clarion, Edinboro, and Lock Haven.
* UIC is a member in men's tennis.
15. ^ 23 sports in 2025 with addition of women's rowing.
16. ^ Since 2012, Hawaiʻi has been a football-only associate member, with most of its remaining teams in the non-football Big West Conference.
17. ^ 10 full members and 9 football members in 2026 with the following changes:
* Loss of Boise State, Colorado State, Fresno State, San Diego State, and Utah State.
* Addition of UTEP as a full member with football, Grand Canyon and UC Davis as full but non-football members, and Northern Illinois as a football associate.
* Upgrade of Hawaiʻi's membership from football-only to all-sports.
18. ^ In addition to the 11 full members and football affiliate Hawaiʻi:
* Colorado College, a Division III school with a Division I men's ice hockey team, plays Division I women's soccer in the MW.
* Washington State is a member in baseball and women's swimming & diving through the 2025–26 school year.
19. ^ The charter of the Pac-12 dates only to the formation of the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) in 1959. However, the Pac-12 claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, which was founded in 1915 and began competition in 1916, as its own. Of the nine members of the PCC at the time of its demise in June 1959, only Idaho never joined the Pac-12. The PCC's berth in the Rose Bowl passed to the AAWU.
20. ^ 8 full members and 7 football members in 2026 with addition of Boise State, Colorado State, Fresno State, Gonzaga (non-football), San Diego State, and Utah State.
21. ^ The Pac-12 also includes three associate members that compete in a single sport.
* Bakersfield, Cal Poly, and Little Rock compete in wrestling.
22. ^ In addition to the 14 full members, eight schools are affiliate members:
* Charleston, Mercer, Stephen F. Austin, and UNCW compete in beach volleyball.
* Kentucky, South Carolina, UCF, and West Virginia compete in men's soccer.

### Football Championship Subdivision

[edit]

Main article: NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision

See also: NCAA Division I Football Championship and List of NCAA Division I FCS football programs

The Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly known as Division I-AA, consists of 130 teams as of the 2022 season, with all participating in one of 14 conferences.[77] The "I-AA" designation was dropped by the NCAA in 2006, although it is still informally and commonly used. FCS teams are limited to 63 players on scholarship (compared to 85 for FBS teams) and usually play an 11-game schedule (compared to 12 games for FBS teams).[78] The FCS determines its national champion through an NCAA-sanctioned single-elimination bracket tournament, culminating in a title game, the NCAA Division I Football Championship.[79] As of the 2018 season, the tournament begins with 24 teams; 10 conference champions that received automatic bids, and 14 teams selected at-large by a selection committee.[80]

The postseason tournament traditionally begins on Thanksgiving weekend in late November. When I-AA was formed 47 years ago in 1978,[81] the playoffs included just four teams for its first three seasons, doubling to eight teams for one season in 1981.[82] From 1982 to 1985, there was a 12-team tournament; this expanded to 16 teams in 1986. The playoffs expanded to 20 teams starting in 2010, then grew to 24 teams in 2013. Since the 2010 season, the title game is held in early January at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. From 1997 through 2009, the title game was played in December in Chattanooga, Tennessee, preceded by five seasons in Huntington, West Virginia.[83]

#### Abstainers

[edit]

The Football Championship Subdivision includes several conferences which do not participate in the eponymous post-season championship tournament.

The Ivy League was reclassified to I-AA (FCS) following the 1981 season,[84] and plays a strict ten-game schedule. Although it qualifies for an automatic bid, the Ivy League has not played any postseason games at all since becoming a conference, citing academic concerns. The Ivy League member to play in a bowl game was Columbia in the 1934 Rose Bowl.

The Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) has its own championship game in mid-December between the champions of its East and West divisions. Also, three of its member schools traditionally do not finish their regular seasons until Thanksgiving weekend. Grambling State and Southern play each other in the Bayou Classic, and Alabama State plays Tuskegee (of Division II) in the Turkey Day Classic. SWAC teams are eligible to accept at-large bids if their schedule is not in conflict. The last SWAC team to participate in the I-AA playoffs was Jackson State in 1997; the SWAC never achieved success in the tournament, going winless in 19 games in twenty years (1978–97). It had greater success outside the conference while in Division II and the preceding College Division.

From 2006 through 2009, the Pioneer Football League and Northeast Conference champions played in the Gridiron Classic. If a league champion was invited to the national championship playoff as an at-large bid (something the Pioneer league, at least, never received), the second-place team would play in the Gridiron Classic. That game was scrapped after the 2009 season when its four-year contract ran out; this coincided with the NCAA's announcement that the Northeast Conference would get an automatic bid to the tournament starting in 2010. The Big South Conference also received an automatic bid in the same season. The Pioneer Football League earned an automatic bid beginning in 2013.

The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) began abstaining from the playoffs with the 2015 season. Like the SWAC, its members are eligible for at-large bids, and the two conferences have faced off in the Celebration Bowl as an alternative postseason game since the 2015 season.

Schools in a transition period after joining the FCS from a lower division (or from the NAIA) are also ineligible for the playoffs.

#### Scholarships

[edit]

Division I FCS schools are currently restricted to giving financial assistance amounting to 63 full scholarships. As FCS football is an "equivalency" sport (as opposed to the "head-count" status of FBS football), Championship Subdivision schools may divide their allotment into partial scholarships. However, FCS schools may only have 85 players receiving any sort of athletic financial aid for football—the same numeric limit as FBS schools. Because of competitive forces, however, a substantial number of players in Championship Subdivision programs are on full scholarships. A former difference was that FCS schools had a limit of 30 players that could be provided with financial aid in a given season, while FBS schools were limited to 25 such additions per season. These limits were suspended in 2020 before being completely eliminated for both subdivisions in 2023.[69] Finally, FCS schools are limited to 95 individuals participating in preseason practices, as opposed to 105 at FBS schools (the three service academies that play FBS football are exempt from preseason practice player limits by NCAA rule).

A few Championship Subdivision conferences are composed of schools that offer no athletic scholarships at all, most notably the Ivy League and the Pioneer Football League (PFL), a football-only conference. The Ivy League allows no athletic scholarships at all, while the PFL consists of schools that offer scholarships in other sports but choose not to take on the expense of a scholarship football program. The Northeast Conference also sponsored non-scholarship football, but began offering a maximum of 30 full scholarship equivalents in 2006, which grew to 40 in 2011 after a later vote of the league's school presidents and athletic directors and has since increased to 45.[85] The Patriot League only began awarding football scholarships in the 2013 season, with the first scholarships awarded only to incoming freshmen. Before the conference began its transition to scholarship football, athletes receiving scholarships in other sports were ineligible to play football for member schools. Since the completion of the transition with the 2016 season, member schools have been allowed up to 60 full scholarship equivalents.[86]

#### Conferences

[edit]

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Members  | Sports  | Headquarters  | FCS Tournament Bid

|
|
|
|
|
|

Atlantic Sun Conference | ASUN  | 1978  | 12[a][b] | 21  | Jacksonville, Florida | Automatic (shared)[c]
Big Sky Conference | Big Sky  | 1963  | 10[d] | 15  | Ogden, Utah | Automatic
Big South Conference | Big South  | 1983  | 10[e][f] | 19[g] | Charlotte, North Carolina | Automatic (shared)[h]
Coastal Athletic Association | CAA  | 1983[i] | 14[j][k][l] | 21[m] | Richmond, Virginia | Automatic
Division I FCS Independents[n] |  |  | 2[o] |  |  |
Ivy League | Ivy League  | 1954[p] | 8  | 33[q] | Princeton, New Jersey | Automatic – (Abstains)
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference | MEAC  | 1970  | 8[r][s] | 14  | Norfolk, Virginia | Abstains
Missouri Valley Football Conference | MVFC  | 1985[t] | 11[u] | 1  | St. Louis, Missouri | Automatic
Northeast Conference | NEC  | 1981  | 9[v][w][x] | 25  | Somerset, New Jersey | Automatic
Ohio Valley Conference | OVC  | 1948  | 11[y][z] | 19[aa] | Brentwood, Tennessee | Automatic (shared)[h]
Patriot League | Patriot  | 1986[ab] | 10[ac][ad] | 23  | Center Valley, Pennsylvania | Automatic
Pioneer Football League | PFL  | 1991  | 11  | 1  | St. Louis, Missouri | Automatic
Southern Conference | SoCon  | 1921  | 10[ae] | 20  | Spartanburg, South Carolina | Automatic
Southland Conference | SLC  | 1963  | 12[af][ag] | 18  | Frisco, Texas | Automatic
Southwestern Athletic Conference | SWAC  | 1920  | 12  | 18  | Birmingham, Alabama | Abstains
Western Athletic Conference | WAC  | 1962  | 9[ah][ai] | 20[aj] | Arlington, Texas | Automatic (shared)[c]

See also: List of NCAA Division I FCS football programs

Notes

1. ^ Most football-playing ASUN members compete in the United Athletic Conference, a football-only merger of the ASUN and the Western Athletic Conference. Of the 12 full members, four do not sponsor football at all. Two others play football outside of the UAC: Stetson in the Pioneer Football League and Bellarmine outside of NCAA control in the weight-restricted variant of sprint football.
2. ^ In addition to the full members, the ASUN has 11 associate members that participate in at least one sport.
* Air Force, Mercer, and Utah participate only in men's lacrosse.
* Coastal Carolina, Kennesaw State, and Lindenwood compete only in women's lacrosse.
* Florida Atlantic and Old Dominion compete only in men's swimming & diving.
* UNC Asheville competes only in women's swimming & diving.
* Gardner–Webb competes in both men's and women's swimming & diving.
* Liberty competes in women's lacrosse and women's swimming & diving. Liberty will move swimming & diving to the American Athletic Conference in 2025.
3. ^ a b The ASUN and WAC have merged their football leagues as the United Athletic Conference. The NCAA does not consider the UAC to be a conference, instead treating it as the continuation of a pre-existing football alliance between the two all-sports conferences.
4. ^ 12 football members with Cal Poly and UC Davis, both full members of the non-football Big West Conference, as football-only affiliates. UC Davis will remain a football affiliate after otherwise joining the Mountain West Conference in 2026.
5. ^ The Big South's two football-sponsoring full members, Charleston Southern and Gardner–Webb, compete in the OVC–Big South Football Association, an alliance between the Big South and the Ohio Valley Conference that shares a single berth in the FCS playoffs.
6. ^ In addition to the full members, Furman, Mercer, and Wofford are associate members in women's lacrosse.
7. ^ Technically 19 sports, but football is organized as an alliance between the Big South and OVC.
8. ^ a b The OVC–Big South Football Association has a single FCS playoff berth.
9. ^ The CAA football conference, branded as CAA Football and legally a separate entity from the all-sports CAA, was only founded in 2007, but has a continuous history dating to the late 1930s (although not under the same charter):
* The New England Conference was formed by five New England state universities, plus one private university in that region (Northeastern), in 1938. However, the CAA does not consider this conference to be a part of the history of CAA Football. Four of the public schools—Maine, UMass, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island—were in the CAA football conference through the 2011 season. However, UMass football left for the MAC in 2012. URI football initially planned to leave for the Northeast Conference in 2013, but decided to remain in the CAA.
* In 1946, the four then-remaining members of the New England Conference affiliated with two other schools to form the Yankee Conference under a separate charter, with athletic competition starting in 1947. The CAA considers its football history to have started with the formation of the Yankee Conference.
* In 1997, the Yankee Conference was absorbed by the Atlantic 10 Conference. The A-10 inherited the Yankee Conference's automatic berth in the Division I-AA (now FCS) playoffs. In addition to the four charter New England Conference members mentioned above, five other members of the Yankee Conference at the time of the A-10 merger are still in CAA Football.
* After the 2006 season, all of the A-10 football teams left for the new CAA football conference. CAA Football inherited the A-10's automatic berth in the FCS playoffs.
10. ^ The CAA has 14 full members, nine of which compete in CAA Football. Currently, seven associate members fill out the ranks of CAA Football: Albany, Bryant, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Richmond (leaving in 2025[17]), and Villanova. Villanova is an associate of the all-sports CAA in women's rowing.
11. ^ 14 full members and 16 football members in 2024 with addition of Bryant to CAA Football only.
* 13 full members and 14 CAA Football members in 2025 with loss of Delaware in all sports and Richmond in football only.
12. ^ In addition to the CAA Football members, the CAA has four associate members that each participate in one sport:
* Eastern Michigan, UC San Diego, and UConn in women's rowing. Eastern Michigan will leave in 2025 when its primary home of the Mid-American Conference begins sponsoring that sport.[citation needed]
* Fairfield plays men's lacrosse.
13. ^ 21 sports under CAA administration, with the all-sports CAA also governing CAA Football.
14. ^ "Independents" is not a conference; it is simply a designation used for schools whose football programs do not play in any conference. All of these schools have conference memberships for other sports.
15. ^ Merrimack and Sacred Heart.
16. ^ Although the conference considers 1954 to be its founding date, the athletic league's origins go back to the turn of the 20th century.
* The Ivy League considers the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League (EIBL), a men's basketball-only conference founded in 1901, as part of its history. Every school that had been an EIBL member would become part of the Ivy League.
* In 1945, the eight schools that would eventually form the athletic Ivy League entered into the Ivy Group Agreement, which governed football competition between the schools. The original agreement was renewed in 1952.
* The official founding date of 1954 reflects the extension of the Ivy Group Agreement to all sports. As part of the agreement, Brown, the only one of the original Ivy Group that had not joined the EIBL, did so. All-sports competition began in 1955, with the EIBL directly absorbed into the new league.
17. ^ This is the number of sports in which the Ivy League awards men's and women's team championships. However:
* Separate men's and women's team championships are awarded in fencing, a sport with a single coed NCAA team championship.
* Championships are awarded in three non-NCAA sports (men's rowing plus men's and women's squash).
* No conference championship tournament is held in men's or women's ice hockey; all Ivy members that sponsor varsity ice hockey compete in ECAC Hockey for that conference's automatic NCAA tournament bids.
18. ^ The football conference currently consists of 6 of the 8 member schools.
19. ^ In addition to the full members, North Carolina A&T, and UAB participate in women's bowling.
20. ^ The football conference dates to 1985, but the conference charter was established in 1982. See History of the Missouri Valley Football Conference for more details.
21. ^ 10 members in 2025 with loss of Missouri State.
22. ^ 9 full members and 8 football members.
23. ^ The conference has 6 full members that sponsor football. Two full members of non-football conferences, Duquesne (Atlantic 10) and Robert Morris (Horizon League) are football associates. Both are NEC associates in a second sport, Duquesne in bowling and Robert Morris in men's lacrosse.
24. ^ In addition to Duquesne and Robert Morris, the NEC has 18 other associate members that participate in one or more sports, with one more associate joining in 2025.[citation needed]
* Binghamton is an associate in men's golf, plus men's and women's tennis.
* Cleveland State, Detroit Mercy, Robert Morris, and VMI are men's lacrosse associates.
* Coppin State and Norfolk State are associates only in baseball.
* Daemen and D'Youville, both Division II members, are associates in men's volleyball, a sport with a combined D-I and D-II championship.
* Delaware State competes in baseball, women's golf, women's lacrosse, and women's soccer.
* Fairfield and Rider are field hockey associates.
* Howard competes in men's and women's golf, women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's swimming & diving.
* Maryland Eastern Shore competes in baseball and men's and women's golf. It will add men's volleyball to its NEC membership in 2025.[citation needed]
* Merrimack and Sacred Heart compete in field hockey.
* Monmouth and Niagara compete in bowling.
* North Carolina Central is an associate in men's and women's golf.
* Manhattan will become a men's volleyball associate in 2025.[citation needed]
25. ^ The OVC's 7 football members compete in the OVC–Big South Football Association, an alliance between the OVC and Big South Conference that shares a single berth in the FCS playoffs. Morehead State plays non-scholarship football in the Pioneer Football League, while Little Rock, SIU Edwardsville, and Southern Indiana do not sponsor football.
26. ^ In addition to the full members:
* Chattanooga is an associate in beach volleyball.
* Houston Christian, Incarnate Word, and Liberty are associates in men's soccer.
* Murray State ia an associate in rifle.
27. ^ Technically 19 sports, but football is organized as an alliance between the Big South and OVC.
28. ^ The Patriot League was founded as the football-only Colonial League in 1986. In 1990, it became an all-sports conference and adopted its current name.
29. ^ Five of the full members do not sponsor FCS football. American, Boston University and Loyola (Maryland) do not sponsor football at all, and Army and Navy play in the FBS American Athletic Conference. Fordham and Georgetown are associate members in football.
30. ^ In addition to the football associates, two other schools have single-sport membership:
* MIT, otherwise a Division III institution, is an associate in women's rowing.
* Richmond is a women's golf associate, and becomes a football associate in 2025.[17]
31. ^ In addition to the full members, the SoCon currently has 9 associate members, each of which plays one sport in the conference.
* Appalachian State, Bellarmine, Campbell, Davidson, Gardner–Webb, and Presbyterian are members in men's wrestling.
* Georgia Southern, North Georgia (a Division II institution), and UAB are members in rifle, a sport with a single national championship for all divisions.
32. ^ The football conference currently consists of 9 of the 12 member schools.
* 10 football members in 2025 when UTRGV, which played an exhibition season in 2024, elevates football to full varsity status.
33. ^ In addition to the full members, six schools are associate members in one or more sports.
* Augusta, otherwise a Division II member, competes in both men's and women's golf.
* Boise State and San Jose State compete in beach volleyball.
* Bryant competes in men's & women's golf and tennis.
* Francis Marion, otherwise Division II, competes in men's golf.
* NJIT competes in men's and women's tennis.
34. ^ 9 full members and 4 football members, with all football members competing in the United Athletic Conference.
* 7 full members in 2025 with loss of Grand Canyon and Seattle, both non-football schools.
35. ^ In addition to the full members and football associates, the WAC currently has 11 associate members that house one or two sports in the conference.
* Air Force and UNLV participate in men's soccer and men's swimming and diving.
* Idaho, New Mexico State, Northern Arizona, and Northern Colorado participate in women's swimming and diving.
* Sacramento State participates in baseball.
* San Jose State and San Diego State participate in men's soccer.
* UTRGV participates in men's soccer and women's swimming & diving.
* Wyoming participates in men's swimming & diving.
36. ^ 18 sports in 2025 with dropping of men's and women's swimming & diving.

### Division I non-football schools

[edit]

Several Bowl Subdivision and Championship Subdivision conferences have member institutions that do not compete in football. Such schools are sometimes unofficially referred to as I-AAA.[87]

The following non-football conferences have full members that sponsor football:

* The America East Conference has four football-sponsoring schools: Albany, Bryant, Maine, and New Hampshire. All play in CAA Football, the technically separate football league of the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA).
* The Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) has seven schools that sponsor football.
* Austin Peay, Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, North Alabama, and West Georgia play in the United Athletic Conference (UAC), which started play in 2023 as a football-only merger between the ASUN and the Western Athletic Conference.
* Stetson plays in the PFL.
* Bellarmine does not play NCAA football, instead playing the weight-restricted and non-NCAA variant of sprint football.
* The Atlantic 10 Conference has seven football-sponsoring members:
* Davidson and Dayton play in the PFL.
* Duquesne plays in the Northeast Conference (NEC).
* Fordham plays in the Patriot League.
* Rhode Island and Richmond play in CAA Football. Richmond will leave CAA Football in 2025 for football membership in the Patriot League.[17]
* UMass plays FBS football as an independent through the 2024 season, after which it will leave the A-10 for the Mid-American Conference.[citation needed]
* The current Big East Conference has four football-sponsoring schools. Three play in FCS: Butler in the PFL, Georgetown in the Patriot League, and Villanova in CAA Football. The fourth, UConn, plays as an FBS independent.
* Three Big West Conference members have football programs. UC Davis and Cal Poly play FCS football in the Big Sky Conference, and Hawaiʻi plays FBS football in the Mountain West Conference. Hawaiʻi will leave the Big West in 2026 to become a full Mountain West member.[citation needed]
* The Horizon League has two football schools. Robert Morris plays in the NEC, and Youngstown State plays in the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC).
* The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) has three football schools. Marist plays in the PFL, and Merrimack and Sacred Heart are FCS independents.
* The Missouri Valley Conference has eight football schools: Drake, Illinois State, Indiana State, Missouri State, Murray State, Northern Iowa, Southern Illinois and Valparaiso. Drake and Valparaiso play in the PFL; all others compete in the MVFC (a separate legal entity from the MVC, despite the similar name). Missouri State started a transition to FBS in 2024 and joins CUSA in 2025.[citation needed]
* The Summit League has five football schools, four of which play in the MVFC: North Dakota, North Dakota State, South Dakota, and South Dakota State. The fifth, St. Thomas of Minnesota, plays in the PFL.
* The West Coast Conference's (WCC) only football school, San Diego, plays in the PFL. Oregon State and Washington State, the only members of the Pac-12 Conference beyond the 2023–24 school year, are housing most of their non-football sports in the WCC in 2024–25 and 2025–26.
* The Western Athletic Conference has four football schools, all playing in the UAC: Abilene Christian, Southern Utah, Tarleton, and Utah Tech.

The following Division I conferences do not sponsor football. These conferences still compete in Division I for all sports that they sponsor.

#### Conferences

[edit]

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Members  | Sports  | Headquarters

|
|
|
|
|

America East Conference | America East  | 1979  | 9[a] | 18  | Boston, Massachusetts
Atlantic 10 Conference | A-10  | 1975  | 15[b][c] | 22  | Newport News, Virginia
Big East Conference | Big East  | 1979[d] | 11[e] | 23[f] | New York City, New York
Big West Conference | Big West  | 1969  | 11[g][h] | 18  | Irvine, California
Horizon League | Horizon  | 1979  | 11[i][j] | 19  | Indianapolis, Indiana
Independents[k] | Independents  |  | 0  |  |
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference | MAAC  | 1980  | 13[l] | 25[m] | Edison, New Jersey
Missouri Valley Conference | MVC / Valley  | 1907  | 12[n][o] | 18  | St. Louis, Missouri
The Summit League | The Summit  | 1982  | 10[p] | 19  | Sioux Falls, South Dakota
West Coast Conference | WCC  | 1952  | 9[q][r] | 15  | San Bruno, California

See also: List of NCAA Division I non-football programs

Notes

1. ^ In addition to the full members, there are two associate members:
* UC Davis is an associate in field hockey.
* VMI is an associate in men's and women's swimming & diving.
2. ^ 14 members in 2025 with loss of UMass.
3. ^ In addition to the full members, four schools are single-sport associates:
* High Point and Hobart, the latter a Division III member that plays men's lacrosse in Division I, compete in men's lacrosse.
* Lock Haven, otherwise a Division II institution, and Saint Francis University compete in field hockey.
* After UMass leaves for the Mid-American Conference in 2025, it will remain an A-10 member in men's lacrosse.[citation needed]
4. ^ The current Big East was formed in 2013 as a result of the split of the original Big East Conference. The original conference charter was retained by the football-sponsoring schools now known as the American Athletic Conference. While both leagues claim 1979 as their founding date, the current Big East maintains the history of the original conference in all sports that it sponsors. The pre-split histories of Big East football and rowing—the two sports that are sponsored by The American but not the current Big East—are not recognized by either offshoot conference.
5. ^ In addition to the full members, the following schools are Big East affiliates in one or more sports:
* Akron participates in men's soccer.
* Liberty, Old Dominion, Quinnipiac, and Temple participate in field hockey.
* Denver participates in men's and women's lacrosse.
6. ^ 22 NCAA-sanctioned sports plus the non-NCAA and fully coeducational esports.
7. ^ 10 members in 2026 with loss of Hawaiʻi.
8. ^ In addition to the full members:
* Idaho is an associate in men's golf.
* Sacramento State is a member in beach volleyball, men's golf, and men's soccer.
9. ^ 12 members in 2026 with return of Northern Illinois.
10. ^ In addition to the full members, six schools are Horizon affiliates in tennis: Chicago State in both men's and women's tennis, and Belmont, Eastern Illinois, Southern Indiana, Tennessee State, and Tennessee Tech for women only. Chicago State will move both tennis teams to the school's primary home of the Northeast Conference in 2025.
11. ^ "Independents" is not a conference, it is simply a designation used to indicate schools which are not a member of any conference.
12. ^ In addition to the full members, 10 other schools are MAAC affiliates in at least one sport.
* Albany in women's golf.
* Drake, Robert Morris, and Stetson participate in women's rowing.
* La Salle, LIU, Villanova, VMI, and Wagner participate in women's water polo.
* Jacksonville participates in women's rowing and the non-NCAA sport of men's rowing.
13. ^ 23 NCAA-recognized sports plus two non-NCAA sports, esports (fully coeducational) and men's rowing.
14. ^ 11 members in 2025 with loss of Missouri State.
15. ^ In addition to the full members, six schools house one sport in the conference.
* Ball State and Miami (OH) are men's swimming & diving associates.
* Bowling Green, Northern Illinois, and Western Michigan are men's soccer associates.
* Little Rock is an associate in women's swimming & diving.
16. ^ In addition to the full members, five schools are single-sport associates, and one houses two sports in the conference. Two more associate members will join in the near future.[citation needed]
* Drake and Illinois State are men's tennis associates.
* Eastern Illinois and Southern Indiana are associates in men's and women's swimming & diving.
* Northern Colorado is an associate in baseball and men's golf.
* Weber State is a men's golf associate.
* Delaware and UMass will become men's soccer associates in 2025.[citation needed]
17. ^ 10 members in 2025 with addition of Seattle.
* 9 members in 2026 with loss of Gonzaga.
18. ^ In addition to the full members, four schools are single-sport WCC associates, and two others are multi-sport associates:
* Air Force, California Baptist, and San Jose State in men's water polo.
* Creighton in women's rowing.
* Oregon State and Washington State are housing most of their non-football sports, including men's and women's basketball, in the WCC in 2024–25 and 2025–26.

Of these, the two that most recently sponsored football were the Atlantic 10 and MAAC. The A-10 football league dissolved in 2006 with its members going to CAA Football, the technically separate football league operated by the all-sports Coastal Athletic Association. In addition, four A-10 schools (Dayton, Fordham, Duquesne, and Massachusetts) play football in a conference other CAA Football, which still includes two full-time A-10 members (Rhode Island and Richmond, the latter of which will move football to the Patriot League in 2025 [17]). The MAAC stopped sponsoring football in 2007, after most of its members gradually stopped fielding teams. Among current MAAC members that were in the conference before 2007, only Marist, which plays in the Pioneer Football League, still sponsors football.

From 2013 to 2021, the Western Athletic Conference was a non-football league, having dropped football after a near-complete membership turnover that saw the conference stripped of all but two of its football-sponsoring members. The two remaining football-sponsoring schools, Idaho and New Mexico State, played the 2013 season as FBS independents before becoming football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference in 2014. Both left Sun Belt football in 2018, with Idaho downgrading to FCS status and adding football to its all-sports Big Sky Conference membership and New Mexico State becoming an FBS independent. The WAC added two more football-sponsoring schools with the 2020 arrival of Tarleton and Utah Tech (then Dixie State) from Division II; both schools planned to be FCS independents for the foreseeable future. The WAC would reinstate football at the FCS level in 2021, coinciding with the arrival of four new members with FCS football;[88][89] for its first season, it entered into a formal partnership with the ASUN Conference to give it enough playoff-eligible members to receive an automatic playoff berth.[90] This partnership was renewed for the 2022 season, with five ASUN and three WAC schools participating, though each conference will play its own schedule.[91] After the 2022 season, the ASUN and WAC announced a full football merger for 2023 and beyond under the banner of the United Athletic Conference.[92][93]

## Division I in ice hockey

[edit]

Main article: College ice hockey

See also: List of NCAA Division I ice hockey programs

Providence College Friars play Cornell in the NCAA Hockey East Regional at the Dunkin' Donuts Center, April 7, 2019

Some sports, most notably ice hockey[94] and men's volleyball, have completely different conference structures that operate outside of the normal NCAA sports conference structure.

As ice hockey is limited to a much smaller number of almost exclusively Northern schools, there is a completely different conference structure for teams.[94] These conferences feature a mix of teams that play their other sports in various Division I conferences, and even Division II and Division III schools. For most of the early 21st century, there was no correlation between a team's ice hockey affiliation and its affiliation for other sports, with the exception of the Ivy League's hockey-playing schools all being members of the ECAC. For example, before 2013, the Hockey East men's conference consisted of one ACC school, one Big East school, four schools from the America East, one from the A-10, one CAA school, and two schools from the D-II Northeast-10 Conference, while the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) both had some Big Ten representation, plus Division II and III schools. Also, the divisional structure is truncated, with the Division II championship abolished in 1999.

The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ceased its sponsorship of the sport in 2003,[95] with the remaining members forming Atlantic Hockey. For the next decade, no regular all-sport conferences sponsored ice hockey.

Starting with the 2013–14 season, Division I men's hockey experienced a major realignment. The Big Ten Conference began to sponsor ice hockey, and their institutions withdrew their membership from the WCHA and CCHA.[96] Additionally, six other schools from those conferences withdrew to form the new National Collegiate Hockey Conference at the same time.[97] The fallout from these moves led to the demise of the original CCHA, two more teams entering the NCHC, and further membership turnover in the men's side of the WCHA.[98]

Women's hockey was largely unaffected by this realignment. The Big Ten still has only four members with varsity women's hockey (full members Michigan and Michigan State only ice men's teams, as does hockey-only member Notre Dame), with six teams required under conference bylaws for official sponsorship. As a result, the only changes in women's hockey affiliations in the 2010–14 period occurred in College Hockey America, which saw two schools drop the sport and three new members join.

The next significant realignment took place after the 2020–21 season, when seven of the 10 then-current men's members of the WCHA left to form a revived CCHA,[99] which in turn led to the demise of the men's side of the WCHA.[100]

### Conferences

[edit]

Accurate for the upcoming 2025–26 season.

Conference  | Nickname  | Founded  | Members  | Men  | Women

|
|
|
|
|

Atlantic Hockey America | AHA  | 2024[a] | 14  | 10  | 7
Big Ten Conference | Big Ten, B1G  | 1896[b] | 7  | 7  | 0
Central Collegiate Hockey Association | CCHA  | 1971,
2020[c] | 9[d] | 9  | 0
ECAC Hockey | N/A  | 1961[e] | 12  | 12  | 12
Hockey East | HEA  | 1984[f] | 12  | 11  | 10
Independents | —  | 6[g] | 6  | 0
National Collegiate Hockey Conference | NCHC  | 2011[h] | 9[i] | 9  | 0
New England Women's Hockey Alliance | NEWHA  | 2018[j] | 8  | 0  | 8
Western Collegiate Hockey Association | WCHA  | 1951[k] | 8  | 0  | 8
Total | 85 | 64 | 45

Notes

1. ^ Formally founded in 2024 by the merger of the men-only Atlantic Hockey Association and the women-only College Hockey America. The Association had been founded in 1997 as the men's hockey league of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, separating from the MAAC in 2003. CHA was founded in 1999 as a men-only league, added a women's division in 2002, and shut down its men's division in 2010.
2. ^ Founded as an all-sports conference in 1896, but did not sponsor ice hockey until 2013–14.
3. ^ First version founded in 1971 and disbanded in 2013; reestablished in 2020, with play resuming in 2021–22. The current CCHA considers the original league to be part of its history.
4. ^ 8 members in 2026 with loss of St. Thomas.
5. ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1961. A women's invitational tournament was first held in 1985; regular-season play began informally in 1988 before becoming officially sponsored in 1992. Originally part of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, but independent of that body since 2004.
6. ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1984, with women's hockey added in 2002.
7. ^ Alaska, Alaska Anchorage, Lindenwood, LIU, Stonehill, and Tennessee State.
8. ^ Date of founding; play began in 2013–14.
9. ^ 10 members in 2026 with addition of St. Thomas.
10. ^ Founded as a scheduling alliance in 2017; formally organized as a conference in 2018. Received official NCAA recognition in 2019.
11. ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1951, with women's hockey added in 1999. Men's hockey was dropped after the 2020–21 season.

## Classification debate

[edit]

In the early 21st century, a controversy arose in the NCAA over whether schools will continue to be allowed to have one showcased program in Division I with the remainder of the athletic program in a lower division, as is the case of, notably, Johns Hopkins University lacrosse as well as Colorado College and University of Alabama in Huntsville in ice hockey. This is an especially important issue in hockey, which has no Division II national championship and has several schools whose other athletic programs compete in Division II and Division III.

This controversy was resolved at the 2004 NCAA Convention in Nashville, Tennessee when the members supported Proposal 65–1, the amended legislation co-sponsored by Colorado College, Clarkson University, Hartwick College, the Johns Hopkins University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rutgers University–Newark, St. Lawrence University, and SUNY Oneonta.[101][102] Each school affected by this debate is allowed to grant financial aid to student-athletes who compete in Division I programs in one men's sport and one women's sport. It is still permitted for other schools to place one men's and one women's sport in Division I going forward, but they cannot offer scholarships without bringing the whole program into compliance with Division I rules. In addition, schools in Divisions II and III are allowed to "play up" in any sport that does not have a championship for the school's own division, but only Division II programs and any Division III programs covered by the exemption can offer scholarships in those sports.

Five Division I programs at "waiver schools" were grandfathered with the passing of Proposal 65-1:

* Clarkson University – men's and women's ice hockey
* Colorado College – men's ice hockey, women's soccer
* Johns Hopkins University – men's and women's lacrosse
* Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – men's ice hockey (women's ice hockey moved up to Division I in 2005)
* St. Lawrence University – men's and women's ice hockey

An additional three programs were grandfathered in Proposal 65-1 but no longer are sponsored in Division I:

* Hartwick College – men's soccer, women's water polo (men's soccer dropped to Division III in 2018, with women's water polo discontinued at the same time)
* Rutgers University–Newark – men's volleyball (dropped to Division III in 2014)
* SUNY Oneonta – men's soccer (dropped to Division III in 2006)

## See also

[edit]

* List of NCAA Division I institutions
* List of NCAA Division I athletic directors
* List of current NCAA Division I champions
* List of NCAA Divisions II and III schools competing in NCAA Division I sports
* List of schools reclassifying their athletic programs to NCAA Division I
* Progress toward degree

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Crowley, Joseph N. (2006). In The Arena: The NCAA's First Century. NCAA Publications. p. 42\. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
2. ^ "Composition and Sport Sponsorship of the NCAA Membership". NCAA. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
3. ^ "Multidivision and Reclassifying for 2014–15" (PDF). NCAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2015. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
4. ^ Thomas, Katie (April 26, 2011). "Gender Games: Answering Questions About Roster Management and Title IX". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
5. ^ Mandel, Stewart (June 23, 2014). "The real reason the Big Ten added Maryland and Rutgers – survival". Sports Illustrated. pp. 52–56\. Archived from the original on June 22, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
6. ^ Maryland athletics' financial woes reveal a broken college sports revenue model, June 28, 2012, "Maryland athletics' financial woes reveal a broken college sports revenue model – Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
7. ^ NCAA Revenues/Expenses Division I Report, 2004 – 2010, p. 13
8. ^ NCAA Revenues/Expenses Division I Report, 2004 – 2010, p. 14
9. ^ "Gearing Up: A Deep Look at College Football Equipment". SpareFoot. October 16, 2013. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
10. ^ Brutlag Hosick, Michelle (April 15, 2014). "Council Approves Meals, Other Student-Athlete Well-Being Rules". Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
11. ^ "Bylaw 20.02.5: Multisport Conference". 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual (PDF). August 7, 2020. pp. 394–95\. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
12. ^ "BYLAWS, ARTICLE 20 – 20.02.9.2". ncaa.org. ncaa. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
13. ^ "Bylaw 20.02.6: Football Bowl Subdivision Conference". 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual (PDF). August 7, 2020. p. 395\. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
14. ^ "Who We Are: Our Three Divisions". NCAA. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
15. ^ a b c d "Missouri State accepts invitation to join Conference USA". Missouri State University. May 10, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
16. ^ "BVB: CUSA Adds South Florida as Affiliate Member for Beach Volleyball". Conference USA. November 5, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
17. ^ a b c d e f "Patriot League Announces University of Richmond to Join League as Associate Member for Football". Patriot League. May 14, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
18. ^ "Manhattan College Athletics to Add Three Varsity Teams". Manhattan University. July 9, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
19. ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2012, page 192. Archived April 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
20. ^ "1869 Schedule and Results (College Football)". Sports Reference (College Football). Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
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