N Judah

Light rail line in San Francisco, California

N Judah

N Judah train on Judah Street at 19th Avenue in 2017

Overview
Owner| San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Locale| San Francisco, California
Termini|

* 4th and King
* Judah and La Playa (Ocean Beach)

Stations| 37
Service
Type| Light rail/streetcar
System| Muni Metro
Operator(s)| San Francisco Municipal Railway
Rolling stock| Breda LRV3, Siemens LRV4
Daily ridership| 33,000 (June 2025)[1]
History
Opened| October 21, 1928 (1928-10-21)
Technical
Track gauge| 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Electrification| Overhead line, 600 V DC

Route map

N Judah highlighted in navy

* * *

Show interactive map

Legend

|  |  |

|  |

to Sunnydale

|
|
|
|

|  |

|  | 4th and King |

|  |

|  |

to Chinatown

|  |

|  | 2nd and King
|  |

|  | Brannan
|  |

|  | Folsom
|  |

|  |

to Jones and Beach

|  |

|  |

to East Bay

|  |

|  |

turnback

|  |

|  | Embarcadero |

|  |

|  | Montgomery |

|  |

|  | Union Sq/​Market St |

|  |

|  | Powell |

|  |

|  | Civic Center |

|  |

|  |

to Millbrae & SFO

|  |

|  | Van Ness |

|  |

|  |

Duboce Portal

|  |

|  |

|  |

|  |

| to surface tracks on

Market Street (closed 1982)

|  |

|  | Duboce and Church
|  |

|  |

to Balboa Park

|  |

|  | Duboce and Noe
|  |

|  |

Sunset Tunnel

|  |

|  | Carl and Cole
|  |

|  | Carl and Stanyan
|  |

|  | Carl and Hillway
|  |

|  | UCSF Parnassus
|  |

|  | Irving and 5th/6th Avenues
|  |

|  |  | Irving and 8th Avenue /

9th Avenue and Irving
|  |

|  | Judah and 9th Avenue
|  |

|  | Judah and 12th Avenue
|  |

|  | Judah and Funston
|  |

|  | Judah and 15th/16th Avenues
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|  | Judah and 19th Avenue
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|  | Judah and 22nd/23rd Avenues
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|  | Judah and 25th Avenue
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|  | Judah and 28th Avenue
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|  |

30th Avenue wye

|  |

|  | Judah and 31st Avenue
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|  | Judah and 34th Avenue
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|  | Judah and Sunset
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|  | Judah and 40th Avenue
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|  | Judah and 43rd Avenue
|  |

|  | Judah and 46th Avenue
|  |

|  | Judah and La Playa
|  |

|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |

This diagram:

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Show route diagram

The N Judah is a hybrid light rail/streetcar line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. The line is named after Judah Street that it runs along for much of its length, named after railroad engineer Theodore Judah.[2] It links downtown San Francisco to the Cole Valley and Sunset neighborhoods. The line provides rail access to Golden Gate Park.[3] It is the busiest line in the Muni Metro system, serving an average of 41,439 weekday passengers in 2013.[4] It was one of San Francisco's streetcar lines, beginning operation in 1928,[5] and was partially converted to modern light-rail operation with the opening of the Muni Metro system in 1980. While many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the N Judah remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Sunset Tunnel.

## Route description

[edit]

A Boeing LRV newly in service on the N Judah, entering the Duboce Portal on Duboce Avenue, in March 1980.

The line runs from the Caltrain depot in the Mission Bay district to Ocean Beach and the Great Highway in the Sunset District. From the Caltrain depot at Fourth and King Streets, it runs along King Street and the Embarcadero, passing by Oracle Park. It then enters the Market Street subway, which it shares with the five other Muni Metro lines. It exits the tunnel at Church Street and, after a brief stretch along Duboce Avenue to Duboce Park, enters the older Sunset Tunnel. This tunnel serves to avoid a hill and contains no underground stations. From the western end of the tunnel, the route goes along Carl Street, past UCSF-Parnassus Campus, on Irving Street, until it turns onto 9th Avenue for one block and reaches Judah Street, which the N runs on for the rest of its route. On Judah between 9th Avenue and 19th Avenue the N runs on a right-of-way that is slightly raised above the surrounding street. There is a loop in the intersection at Judah, La Playa and Great Highway that the N uses to turn around.

### Operation

[edit]

As with all Muni lines, service begins around 5 a.m. on weekdays, 6 a.m. on Saturdays, and 8 a.m. on Sundays and holidays. Daytime headways are 10 minutes on weekdays and 12 minutes on weekends.[6][7] The line largely uses two-car (150-foot (46 m)) trains.

Service is provided by overnight Owl buses on the N Owl route during the hours that rail service is not running. On weekends, the N Judah Bus service runs from 5 am until the start of rail service. The bus lines largely follow the rail line, but use surface streets to parallel sections where the rail line has dedicated rights-of-way.[8]

## History

[edit]

N Judah train entering the eastern portal of the Sunset Tunnel.

On January 10, 1998, Muni opened the Muni Metro Extension to 4th and King/Caltrain. It was originally served by a temporary shuttle service, the E Embarcadero, which ran between Embarcadero station and 4th and King/Caltrain.[9][10] On August 22, 1998, the E Embarcadero line was eliminated and the N Judah line was extended in its place.[9][11]

A variety of service changes took place with the introduction of full service on the T Third Street line on April 7, 2007. The N Judah was cut back to Embarcadero station; the surface section on the Embarcadero was served only by the T Third Street line, plus the J Church line at peak hours.[12] The changes were unpopular with the public; they caused severe delays in the Market Street subway and forced N Judah riders to transfer to reach the Caltrain station when they previously did not. On June 30, 2007, Muni reversed several of the changes; the J Church and N Judah were restored to their previous configuration.[13] On December 5, 2009, the N Judah was cut to Embarcadero on weekends as part of widespread service reductions.[14] Weekend service was re-extended on October 15, 2011.[15]

After concerns from riders of constant overcrowding of the trains on the N Judah line, Muni debuted an express bus route called the NX Judah Express on June 13, 2011.[16] Starting off as a pilot program, the NX (stylized as Nx) was intended to relieve overcrowding during rush hours every ten minutes. It follows the western end of the N Judah route from Ocean Beach to 19th Avenue, then operates nonstop from there to the Financial District where it stops at Bush and Montgomery Streets.

In September 2016, Muni began running a pair of one-car shuttles between Embarcadero station and Carl and Hillway during morning rush hour to reduce crowding on the inner section of the line.[17] A study after one month showed the shuttles had increased capacity on the inner part of the line by 18% and reduced the number of passengers unable to board overcrowded trains by 63%.[18] In March 2018, the SFMTA board voted to shorten rush-hour headways from 7 minutes to 4 minutes, but to only use one-car trains on weekends. The changes were to take effect in the summer.[19]

### COVID-19

[edit]

On March 30, 2020, Muni Metro service was replaced with buses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[20]

Light-rail service returned in August 2020, with the routes reconfigured to improve reliability in the subway. N Judah service was not substantially changed, except for stops at 5th Avenue / 6th Avenue replacing former stops at 4th Avenue and 7th Avenue.[21][22] Light-rail service was re-replaced with buses on August 25 due to issues with malfunctioning overhead wire splices and the need to quarantine control center staff after a COVID-19 case.[23]

N Judah light-rail service resumed on May 15, 2021.[24]

### Future

[edit]

Plans, according to the SFMTA Rail Capacity Strategy, include a new subway tunnel that connects the Market Street subway to 9th Avenue. Additionally, the N Judah line will be rebuilt to run three-car trains. Further plans include a non-revenue L Taraval to N Judah connector, which may run on 46th Avenue.[25]

## Station listing

[edit]

Station/Stop  | Neighborhood  | Muni Metro lines  | Notes and connections

|
|
|

4th and King | Mission Bay |  |

* Caltrain Depot
* Embarcadero
* Muni: 10, 30, 45, 47, 81X, 82X, 83X
* Regional bus services: Flixbus, Tahoe Convoy

2nd and King |  |

* Embarcadero
* Serves Oracle Park.

Brannan | South Beach |  |  Embarcadero
Folsom |
Embarcadero | Financial District |  |

* Bay Area Rapid Transit
* Embarcadero,  Market & Wharves,  California
* SF Ferry Terminal
* Muni: 1, 2, 6, 7X, 9, 9R, 12, 14, 14R, 14X, 21, 30X, 31, 41, 81X, 82X
* Regional bus services: Golden Gate Transit, Presidio Go Shuttle, SamTrans

Montgomery |  |

* Bay Area Rapid Transit
* Market & Wharves
* Muni: 2, 3, 5, 5R, 6, 7, 7X, 8, 8AX, 8BX, 9, 9R, 10, 15, 21, 30, 31, 45, 81X, Geary BRT (38, 38R)
* Regional bus services: AC Transit, Golden Gate Transit, SamTrans

Powell | Mid-Market,
Civic Center,
Tenderloin |
(at Union Square/Market St)  |

* Bay Area Rapid Transit
* Market & Wharves, Powell–Hyde, Powell–Mason
* Muni: 5, 5R, 6, 7, 7X, 8, 8AX, 8BX, 9, 9R, 15, 21, 27, 30, 31, 45, 81X
* Regional bus service: AC Transit, SamTrans

Civic Center |  |

* Bay Area Rapid Transit
* Market & Wharves
* Muni: 5, 5R, 6, 7, 9, 9R, 19, 21, 83X
* Regional bus services: AC Transit, Golden Gate Transit, SamTrans

Van Ness |  |

* Market & Wharves
* Muni: 6, 7, 9, 9R, Van Ness BRT (47, 49, 79X)
* Regional bus services: AC Transit, SamTrans

Duboce and Church | Duboce Triangle |  |  Muni: 22
Duboce and Noe |  | East end of the Sunset Tunnel.
Carl and Cole | Cole Valley |  |

* West end of the Sunset Tunnel.
* Muni: 37, 43

Carl and Stanyan |  |
Carl and Hillway |  |
UCSF Parnassus | Sunset District |  |

* Stops located at Irving and Arguello (eastbound) and Irving and 2nd Avenue (westbound).
* UCSF Shuttle lines[26]

Irving and 5th Avenue (eastbound)
Irving and 6th Avenue (westbound) |  |
Irving and 8th Avenue (eastbound)
9th Avenue and Irving (westbound) |  |  Muni: 44
Judah and 9th Avenue |  |  Muni: 6, 43, 44, 66
Judah and 12th Avenue |  |
Judah and Funston |  |
Judah and 15th Avenue (eastbound)
Judah and 16th Avenue (westbound) |  |
Judah and 19th Avenue |  |  Muni: 28, 28R
Judah and 22nd Avenue (eastbound)
Judah and 23rd Avenue (westbound) |  |
Judah and 25th Avenue |  |
Judah and 28th Avenue |  |
Judah and 31st Avenue |  |
Judah and 34th Avenue |  |
Judah and Sunset |  |  Muni: 29
Judah and 40th Avenue |  |
Judah and 43rd Avenue |  |
Judah and 46th Avenue |  |  Muni: 18
Judah and La Playa |  | Outbound terminus located at Ocean Beach.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Average daily Muni boardings by route and month (pre-pandemic to present)". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. June 2025.
2. ^ "San Francisco Street Names". Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
3. ^ "Public Transportation to Golden Gate Park". San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
4. ^ "TEP Route Data & Proposed Changes". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
5. ^ Nimmo, H. Arlo (2007). Good and Bad Times in a San Francisco Neighborhood: A History of Potomac Street and Duboce Park. San Francisco: October Properties. p. 16\. ISBN 978-0-9814509-0-2.
6. ^ "Weekday Frequency Guide". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. August 13, 2021.
7. ^ "Weekend Frequency Guide". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. August 13, 2021.
8. ^ "Permanent Muni Service Changes Starting Saturday, February 22, 2020" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. February 22, 2020.
9. ^ a b "Muni metro extends". Railway Gazette. October 1, 1998. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019.
10. ^ Rojas, David; Phillips, Eric (March 2011). "Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) Before/After Cost Effectiveness Study". Federal Transit Administration. p. 9.
11. ^ Epstein, Edward (August 26, 1998). "Brown Tries To Soothe Muni Riders / Service on N-Judah line has been abysmal all week". Hearst Communications. SFGate. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
12. ^ "Discover the T-Third" (PDF). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. 2007. p. 6\. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2007.
13. ^ "SFMTA announces service changes effective June 30, 2007" (Press release). San Francisco Transportation Agency. June 30, 2007. Archived from the original on June 24, 2007.
14. ^ "Extensive Muni Service Changes Begin Smoothly" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. December 5, 2009. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019.
15. ^ "SFMTA Launches Muni Improvements this Week" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. October 18, 2011. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019.
16. ^ "SFMTA Board of Directors Makes NX Judah Express Bus and F Market Line Improvements Permanent". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). December 6, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
17. ^ Bialick, Aaron (September 7, 2016). "More Morning Trains Mean Commute Relief on the Inner N Judah" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.
18. ^ Holland, Kristen (October 18, 2017). "Morning Commute Shuttles Reduce N Judah Pass-Ups 63 Percent" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.
19. ^ Gribbon, Sadie (March 20, 2018). "N-Judah commuters to see service increase". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
20. ^ Fowler, Amy (March 26, 2020). "Starting March 30: New Muni Service Changes" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.
21. ^ "Permanent Stop Changes Starting Saturday, August 22, 2020" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. August 2020.
22. ^ Maguire, Mariana (August 18, 2020). "Major Muni Service Expansion August 22" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.
23. ^ "Bus Substitution for All Rail Lines" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. August 25, 2020.
24. ^ "Welcome Back to the Westside, K Ingleside Trains!" (Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. April 16, 2021.
25. ^ "Draft Rail Capacity Strategy" (PDF). SFMTA. p. 32. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
26. ^ Transportation UCSF Campus Life Services.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to N Judah.

KML file (edit • help)

Template:Attached KML/N Judah

KML is from Wikidata

* SFMTA – N Judah

* v
* t
* e

San Francisco Municipal Railway

Muni Metro|

* J Church
* K Ingleside
* L Taraval
* M Ocean View
* N Judah
* S Shuttle
* T Third Street

Muni Metro system features|

* Muni Metro stations
* Market Street subway
* Sunset Tunnel
* Twin Peaks Tunnel
* Mission Dolores Park

Heritage services|

* Cable cars
* Museum
* Streetcars
* E Embarcadero
* F Market & Wharves
* Market Street Railway (nonprofit)
* Museum
* Historic Trolley Festival

Other Muni services|

* Trolleybus system
* List of bus and rail lines
* List of defunct bus and rail lines
* Geary Bus Rapid Transit
* Van Ness Bus Rapid Transit

Projects|

| Completed|

* J to Balboa Park (1991)
* Muni Metro Extension (1998)
* F to Pier 39 (2000)
* Third Street Light Rail Project (2007)
* Central Subway (2022)
* L Taraval Improvement Project (2024)

|

Future|

* Fort Mason Tunnel
* Subway Expansion Project

Miscellaneous|

* Clipper card
* San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet
* San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
* Category for related articles

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template