Na (Indic)

Letter "Na" in Indic scripts

Example glyphs
Bengali–Assamese|
Tibetan|
Tamil|
Thai|

Malayalam|

Sinhala|

Ashoka Brahmi|
Devanagari|
Cognates
Hebrew| נ ,ן
Greek| Ν
Latin| N
Cyrillic| Н
Properties
Phonemic representation| /n/
IAST transliteration| n N
ISCII code point| C6 (198)

This article contains uncommon Unicode characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters.

Indic letters

Consonants
|  Ka|  Ca|  Ṭa|  Ta|  Pa|  Ya|  Śa

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Kha|  Cha|  Ṭha|  Tha|  Pha|  Ra|  Ṣa
Ga|  Ja|  Ḍa|  Da|  Ba|  La|  Sa
Gha|  Jha|  Ḍha|  Dha|  Bha|  Va|  Ha
Ṅa|  Ña|  Ṇa|  Na|  Ma| |
|  Ḷa|  Ḻa|  Ṟa| | |
| | | | | |
Vowels
|  A|  I|  U|  Ṛ|  Ḷ|  E|  O

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Ā|  Ī|  Ū|  Ṝ|  Ḹ|  Ai|  Au
Other marks

* Chandrabindu
* Anusvara
* Visarga
* Virama
* Nuqta
* Avagraha

Punctuation

* Daṇḍa

* v
* t
* e

Na is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Na is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter  after having gone through the Gupta letter .

## Āryabhaṭa numeration

[edit]

Further information: Āryabhaṭa numeration

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of न are:[1]

* न [nə] = 20 (२०)
* नि [nɪ] = 2,000 (२ ०००)
* नु [nʊ] = 200,000 (२ ०० ०००)
* नृ [nri] = 20,000,000 (२ ०० ०० ०००)
* नॢ [nlə] = 2×109 (२ ×१०९)
* ने [ne] = 2×1011 (×१०११)
* नै [nɛː] = 2×1013 (×१०१३)
* नो [noː] = 2×1015 (×१०१५)
* नौ [nɔː] = 2×1017 (×१०१७)

## Historic Na

[edit]

There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Na as found in standard Brahmi,  was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta . The Tocharian Na  had an alternate Fremdzeichen form, . The third form of na, in Kharoshthi () was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

### Brahmi Na

[edit]

The Brahmi letter , Na, is probably derived from the Aramaic Nun , and is thus related to the modern Latin N and Greek Nu.[2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Na can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.[3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

Brahmi Na historic forms  Ashoka
(3rd-1st c. BCE) | Girnar
(~150 BCE) | Kushana
(~150-250 CE) | Gujarat
(~250 CE) | Gupta
(~350 CE)

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### Tocharian Na

[edit]

The Tocharian letter  is derived from the Brahmi , and has an alternate Fremdzeichen form  used in conjuncts and as an alternate representation of Nä.

Tocharian Na with vowel marks  Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Nr | Nr̄ | Ne | Nai | No | Nau | Nä | Fremdzeichen

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### Kharoṣṭhī Na

[edit]

The Kharoṣṭhī letter  is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic Nun , and is thus related to N and Nu, in addition to the Brahmi Na.[2]

## Devanagari Na

[edit]

Devanāgarī

* Abugida
* Brahmic scripts
* Inherent vowel

Languages

* Hindi
* Marathi
* Nepali
* Konkani
* Maithili
* Sindhi
* Bodo
* Pali
* Prakrit
* Sanskrit and more

Transliteration

* IAST
* Hunterian
* NLK
* ISO 15919
* Harvard-Kyoto
* ITRANS
* Velthuis
* SLP1
* WX notation
* (ISCII)

Vowels and syllabic consonants

|  अ a|  ॲ æ|  ऄ|  आ (का) ā

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इ (कि) i| | |  ई (की) ī
उ (कु) u| | |  ऊ (कू) ū
ॶ (कॖ)| | |  ॷ (कॗ)
ऋ (कृ) r̥| | |  ॠ (कॄ) r̥̄
ऌ (कॢ) l̥| | |  ॡ (कॣ) l̥̄
ए (के) ē|  ऍ (कॅ) ê|  ऎ (कॆ) e|  ऐ (कै) ai
(कॕ)| | |  (कॎ)
ओ (को) ō|  ऑ (कॉ) ô|  ऒ (कॊ) o|  औ (कौ) au
ॳ (कऺ)| | |  ॴ (कऻ)
| | |  ॵ (कॏ)

* (Schwa deletion)

Consonants

|  क k|  क़ q| | |  ख kh|  ख़ k̲h̲| |

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ग g|  ग़ ġ|  ॻ gg| |  घ gh| |  ङ ṅ|

च c| | | |  छ ch| | |
ज j|  ज़ z|  ॼ jj|  ॹ ž|  झ jh|  झ़ zh|  ञ ñ|

ट ṭ| | | |  ठ ṭh| | |
ड ḍ|  ड़ ṛ|  ॾ ḍḍ|  ॸ ḍ|  ढ ḍh|  ढ़ ṛh|  ण ṇ|

त t| | | |  थ th| | |
द d| | | |  ध dh| |  न n|  ऩ ṉ

प p| | | |  फ ph|  फ़ f| |
ब b| |  ॿ bb| |  भ bh| |  म m|

य y|  य़ ẏ| |  ॺ|  र r|  ऱ ṟ|  ळ ḷ|  ऴ ḻ
ल l| | | |  व v| | |

श ś|  ष ṣ|  स s| |  ह h| |  ॽ|

* (Conjuncts)

Diacritics, punctuation, symbols

|  अं ṁ|  अः ḥ|  अँ m̐|  अऀ|  ऽ ’

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क़|  क्|  ३ 3|  ᳵ ẖ|  ᳶ ḫ
अ॑  `|  अ॒  _|  अ॓|  अ॔|  ॐ aum̐
।|  ॥|  ॰|  ॱ|  ₹ INR

* and more (Devanagari (Unicode block)
* Devanagari Extended
* Devanagari Extended-A
* Vedic Extensions)

Numerals

|  ० 0|  १ 1|  २ 2|  ३ 3|  ४ 4|  ५ 5|  ६ 6|  ७ 7|  ८ 8|  ९ 9

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* Āryabhaṭa
* Akṣarapallī
* Bhūtasaṃkhyā
* Kaṭapayādi

* v
* t
* e

Na (न) is a consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ન, and the Modi letter 𑘡.

### Devanagari-using Languages

[edit]

In all languages, न is pronounced as [nə] or [n] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

Devanagari न with vowel marks  Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Nr | Nr̄ | Nl | Nl̄ | Ne | Nai | No | Nau | N

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न  | ना  | नि  | नी  | नु  | नू  | नृ  | नॄ  | नॢ  | नॣ  | ने  | नै  | नो  | नौ  | न्

### Conjuncts with न

[edit]

Half form of Na.

Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with Marathi in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.[4]

#### Ligature conjuncts of न

[edit]

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. Nepali and Marathi texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form  for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* न্ (n) + न (na) gives the ligature nna: note

* Repha र্ (r) + न (na) gives the ligature rna:

* Eyelash र্ (r) + न (na) gives the ligature rna:

* न্ (n) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature nra:

#### Stacked conjuncts of न

[edit]

Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature. As the trailing letter in many conjuncts, Na will show a reduced form, angling down and to the right in order to stack under the preceding consonant.

* भ্ (bh) + न (na) gives the ligature bhna:

* ब্ (b) + न (na) gives the ligature bna:

* छ্ (ch) + न (na) gives the ligature chna:

* च্ (c) + न (na) gives the ligature cna:

* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + न (na) gives the ligature ḍʱna:

* ड্ (ḍ) + न (na) gives the ligature ḍna:

* ध্ (dʱ) + न (na) gives the ligature dʱna:

* द্ (d) + न (na) gives the ligature dna:

* घ্ (ɡʱ) + न (na) gives the ligature ɡʱna:

* ग্ (g) + न (na) gives the ligature gna:

* ग্ (g) + न্ (n) + य (ya) gives the ligature gnya:

* ह্ (h) + न (na) gives the ligature hna:

* झ্ (jh) + न (na) gives the ligature jhna:

* ज্ (j) + न (na) gives the ligature jna:

* ख্ (kh) + न (na) gives the ligature khna:

* क্ (k) + न (na) gives the ligature kna:

* ल্ (l) + न (na) gives the ligature lna:

* म্ (m) + न (na) gives the ligature mna:

* न্ (n) + च (ca) gives the ligature nca:

* न্ (n) + द্ (d) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature nddʱa:

* ङ্ (ŋ) + न (na) gives the ligature ŋna:

* न্ (n) + ज (ja) gives the ligature nja:

* न্ (n) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature njña:

* न্ (n) + ल (la) gives the ligature nla:

* ण্ (ṇ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṇna:

* न্ (n) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature nña:

* ञ্ (ñ) + न (na) gives the ligature ñna:

* फ্ (ph) + न (na) gives the ligature phna:

* प্ (p) + न (na) gives the ligature pna:

* श্ (ʃ) + न (na) gives the ligature ʃna:

* स্ (s) + न (na) gives the ligature sna:

* ष্ (ṣ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṣna:

* थ্ (th) + न (na) gives the ligature thna:

* त্ (t) + न (na) gives the ligature tna:

* ठ্ (ṭh) + न (na) gives the ligature ṭhna:

* ट্ (ṭ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṭna:

* त্ (t) + त্ (t) + न (na) gives the ligature ttna:

* व্ (v) + न (na) gives the ligature vna:

* य্ (y) + न (na) gives the ligature yna:

## Bengali Na

[edit]

The Bengali script ন is derived from the Siddhaṃ , and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, न. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ন will sometimes be transliterated as "no" instead of "na". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /n̪o/. Like all Indic consonants, ন can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

Bengali ন with vowel marks  na | nā | ni | nī | nu | nū | nr | nr̄ | ne | nai | no | nau | n

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ন  | না  | নি  | নী  | নু  | নূ  | নৃ  | নৄ  | নে  | নৈ  | নো  | নৌ  | ন্

### ন in Bengali-using languages

[edit]

ন is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese.

### Conjuncts with ন

[edit]

Bengali ন exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards a trailing ন realized as a reduced form in stacked ligatures, similar to Va-phala, and initial ন appending a reduced form onto the vertical stemline of the following consonant, or as a fully stacked ligature.[5]

* ধ্ (dʱ) + ন (na) gives the ligature dʱna:

* ঘ্ (ɡʱ) + ন (na) gives the ligature ɡʱna:

* গ্ (g) + ন (na) gives the ligature gna:

* গ্ (g) + ন্ (n) + য (ya) gives the ligature gnya, with the ya phala suffix:

* ক্ (k) + ষ্ (ṣ) + ন (na) gives the ligature kṣna:

* ম্ (m) + ন (na) gives the ligature mna:

* ন্ (n) + দ (da) gives the ligature nda:

* ন্ (n) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature nḍa:

* ন্ (n) + ড্ (ḍ) + র (ra) gives the ligature nḍra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ধ (dʱa) gives the ligature ndʱa:

* ন্ (n) + ধ্ (dʱ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ndʱra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ধ্ (dʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ndʱya, with the ya phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + দ্ (d) + র (ra) gives the ligature ndra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + দ্ (d) + ব (va) gives the ligature ndva, with the va phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + দ্ (d) + য (ya) gives the ligature ndya, with the ya phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ম (ma) gives the ligature nma:

* ন্ (n) + ন (na) gives the ligature nna:

* ন্ (n) + ত (ta) gives the ligature nta:

* ন্ (n) + থ (tha) gives the ligature ntha:

* ন্ (n) + থ্ (th) + র (ra) gives the ligature nthra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature ntra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntrya, with the ra phala and ya phala suffixes

* ন্ (n) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature nṭa:

* ন্ (n) + ঠ (ṭha) gives the ligature nṭha:

* ন্ (n) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature nṭra, with the ra phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature ntva, with the va phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntya, with the ya phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + ব (va) gives the ligature nva, with the va phala suffix:

* ন্ (n) + য (ya) gives the ligature nya, with the ya phala suffix:

* প্ (p) + ন (na) gives the ligature pna:

* র্ (r) + ন (na) gives the ligature rna, with the repha prefix:

* শ্ (ʃ) + ন (na) gives the ligature ʃna:

* স্ (s) + ন (na) gives the ligature sna:

* ত্ (t) + ন (na) gives the ligature tna:

## Gujarati Na

[edit]

Gujarati Na.

Na (ન) is the twentieth consonant of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Na  with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the Brahmi letter .

### Gujarati-using Languages

[edit]

The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ન is pronounced as [nə] or [n] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Nr | Nl | Nr̄ | Nl̄ | Nĕ | Ne | Nai | Nŏ | No | Nau | N

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Gujarati Na syllables, with vowel marks in red.

### Conjuncts with ન

[edit]

Half form of Na.

Gujarati ન exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. One of the most common variants includes a form of Na that angles downward. Other non-half form variants include the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + ન (na) gives the ligature RNa:

* ન્ (n) + ર (ra) gives the ligature NRa:

* ન્ (n) + ન (na) gives the ligature NNa:

* ડ્ (ɖ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ḌNa:

* ઢ્ (ɖʱ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ḌhNa:

* ખ્ (kh) + ન (na) gives the ligature KhNa:

* ગ્ (g) + ન (na) gives the ligature GNa:

* ઘ્ (ɡʱ) + ન (na) gives the ligature GhNa:

* ચ્ (c) + ન (na) gives the ligature CNa:

* ઞ્ (ɲ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ÑNa:

* ત્ (t) + ન (na) gives the ligature TNa:

* થ્ (th) + ન (na) gives the ligature ThNa:

* દ્ (d) + ન (na) gives the ligature DNa:

* ધ્ (dʱ) + ન (na) gives the ligature DhNa:

* પ્ (p) + ન (na) gives the ligature PNa:

* બ્ (b) + ન (na) gives the ligature BNa:

* ભ્ (bh) + ન (na) gives the ligature BhNa:

* મ્ (m) + ન (na) gives the ligature MNa:

* ય્ (y) + ન (na) gives the ligature YNa:

* લ્ (l) + ન (na) gives the ligature LNa:

* ળ્ (ɭ̆) + ન (na) gives the ligature LlNa:

* વ્ (v) + ન (na) gives the ligature VNa:

* શ્ (ʃ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ŚNa:

* હ્ (h) + ન (na) gives the ligature HNa:

## Javanese Na

[edit]

Main article: Na (Javanese)

## Telugu Na

[edit]

Telugu independent and subjoined Na.

Na (న) is a consonant of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter . It is closely related to the Kannada letter ನ. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras. Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of Ṣa (borrowed from Kannada) in the KṢa conjunct.

## Malayalam Na

[edit]

Malayalam letter Na

Na (ന) is a consonant of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Grantha letter  Na. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Malayalam Na matras: Na, Nā, Ni, Nī, Nu, Nū, Nr̥, Nr̥̄, Nl̥, Nl̥̄, Ne, Nē, Nai, No, Nō, Nau, and N.

### Conjuncts of ന

[edit]

Malayalam letter Chillu N

As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit candrakkala mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, put̪iya lipi, may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in paḻaya lipi, due to changes undertaken in the 1970s by the Government of Kerala.

* ന് (n) + ത (ta) gives the ligature nta:

* ന് (n) + ഥ (tha) gives the ligature ntha:

* ന് (n) + ദ (da) gives the ligature nda:

* ന് (n) + ധ (dʱa) gives the ligature ndʱa:

* ക് (k) + ന (na) gives the ligature kna:

* ഗ് (g) + ന (na) gives the ligature gna:

* ഘ് (ɡʱ) + ന (na) gives the ligature ɡʱna:

* ത് (t) + ന (na) gives the ligature tna:

* ന് (n) + ന (na) gives the ligature nna:

* പ് (p) + ന (na) gives the ligature pna:

* ശ് (ʃ) + ന (na) gives the ligature ʃna:

* സ് (s) + ന (na) gives the ligature sna:

* ഹ് (h) + ന (na) gives the ligature hna:

* ന് (n) + മ (ma) gives the ligature nma:

* ന് (n) + റ (rra) gives the ligature nrra:

## Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Ne

[edit]

Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics

| E| Pe| Te
(Tte, Tye, Tthe)| Ke
(Qe)| Ce

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Me| Ne| Se| Ye| Re
She| Le| We| He| Fe
The| Ze| | |

* v
* t
* e

ᓀ, ᓂ, ᓄ and ᓇ are the base characters "Ne", "Ni", "No" and "Na" in the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics. The bare consonant ᓐ (N) is a small version of the A-series letter ᓇ, although the Western Cree letter ᐣ, derived from Pitman shorthand was the original bare consonant symbol for N. The character ᓀ is derived from a handwritten form of the Devanagari letter न, without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by mirroring.[6][7]

Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer encodings, complex Canadian syllabic letters are represented in Unicode with pre-composed characters, rather than with base characters and diacritical marks.

Variant  | E-series  | I-series  | O-series  | A-series  | Other

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N + vowel  | ᓀ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓇ | ᢼ
Ne | Ni | No | Na | Nay
Small  | - | ᣙ | ᓒ | ᓐ | ᐣ
- | Ojibway N | Nh | N | Cree N
N with long vowels  | - | ᓃ | ᓅ | ᓆ | ᓈ | ᓁ
- | Nī | Nō | Cree Nō | Nā | Nāi
N + W-vowels  | ᓉ | ᓊ | ᣆ | ᣇ | ᣊ | ᣋ | ᓋ | ᓌ | \-
Nwe | Cree Nwe | Nwi | Ojibway Nwi | Now | Ojibway Now | Nwa | Cree Nwa | \-
N + long W-vowels  | - | ᣈ | ᣉ | ᣌ | ᣍ | ᓍ | ᓏ | ᓎ | \-
- | Nwī | Ojibway Nwī | Nwō | Ojibway Nwō | Nwā | Naskapi Nwā | Cree Nwā | \-
Woods-Cree Th  | ᖛ | ᖜ | ᖝ | ᖞ | ᖟ
The | Thi | Tho | Tha | Th

## Odia Na

[edit]

Odia independent and subjoined letter Na.

Na (ନ) is a consonant of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter  Na. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Odia Na with vowel matras  Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Nr̥ | Nr̥̄ | Nl̥ | Nl̥̄ | Ne | Nai | No | Nau | N

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ନ | ନା | ନି | ନୀ | ନୁ | ନୂ | ନୃ | ନୄ | ନୢ | ନୣ | ନେ | ନୈ | ନୋ | ନୌ | ନ୍

### Conjuncts of ନ

[edit]

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The subjoined form of Na is one of these mismatched forms, and is referred to as "Na Phala". The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.

* ନ୍ (n) + ଦ (da) gives the ligature nda:

* ନ୍ (n) + ଧ (dʱa) gives the ligature ndʱa:

## Kaithi Na

[edit]

Kaithi consonant and half-form Na.

Na (𑂢) is a consonant of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter  Na. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Kaithi Na with vowel matras  Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Ne | Nai | No | Nau | N

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𑂢 | 𑂢𑂰 | 𑂢𑂱 | 𑂢𑂲 | 𑂢𑂳 | 𑂢𑂴 | 𑂢𑂵 | 𑂢𑂶 | 𑂢𑂷 | 𑂢𑂸 | 𑂢𑂹

### Conjuncts of 𑂢

[edit]

As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a half form of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit virama. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjucts of ra are indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

* 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂢 (na) gives the ligature rna:

## Tirhuta Na

[edit]

Tirhuta consonant Na

Na (𑒢) is a consonant of the Tirhuta abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter  Na. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent sylables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Tirhuta Na with vowel matras  Na | Nā | Ni | Nī | Nu | Nū | Nṛ | Nṝ | Nḷ | Nḹ | Nē | Ne | Nai | Nō | No | Nau | N

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𑒢 | 𑒢𑒰 | 𑒢𑒱 | 𑒢𑒲 | 𑒢𑒳 | 𑒢𑒴 | 𑒢𑒵 | 𑒢𑒶 | 𑒢𑒷 | 𑒢𑒸 | 𑒢𑒹 | 𑒢𑒺 | 𑒢𑒻 | 𑒢𑒼 | 𑒢𑒽 | 𑒢𑒾 | 𑒢𑓂

### Conjuncts of 𑒢

[edit]

As is common in Indic scripts, Tirhuta joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using an explicit virama. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjucts of ra are indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, other consonants take unique combining forms when in conjunct with other letters, and there are a several vertical conjuncts and true ligatures that can be found in Tirhuta writing.

* 𑒑୍ (g) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature gna:

* 𑒯୍ (h) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature hna:

* 𑒐୍ (kʰ) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature kʰna:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒠 (da) gives the ligature nda:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒡 (dʱa) gives the ligature ndʱa:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒯 (ha) gives the ligature nha:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature nna:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒩 (ra) gives the ligature nra:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒞 (ta) gives the ligature nta:

* 𑒢 (n) + 𑒅 (u) gives the ligature nu:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒫 (va) gives the ligature nva:

* 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒨 (ya) gives the ligature nya:

* 𑒤୍ (pʰ) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature pʰna:

* 𑒩୍ (r) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature rna:

* 𑒮୍ (s) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature sna:

* 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature tna:

## Comparison of Na

[edit]

The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Na, are related as well.

Comparison of Na in different scripts

| | | | | | Aramaic
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Kharoṣṭhī
𐨣| | | | | | Ashoka Brahmi
| | Kushana Brahmi[a]
| | Tocharian[b]
/ | | | | | |

| | | | Gupta Brahmi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pallava
| |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | Kadamba
-| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | Bhaiksuki
𑰡| | Siddhaṃ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Grantha
𑌨| | Cham
ꨘ| |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sinhala
න| | | Pyu /
Old Mon[c]
-| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Tibetan
| | | | Newa
𑐣| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahom
𑜃| | | Malayalam
ന| |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Telugu
న| | | Burmese
န| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Lepcha
ᰍ| | | | | Ranjana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Saurashtra
ꢥ| | Dives Akuru
𑤟| |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kannada
ನ| | Kayah Li
ꤔ| | | | | | | | | | | |
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Limbu
ᤏ| | | | | Soyombo[d]
𑩯| | | | | | | | | | | | | Khmer
ន| | Tamil
| |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chakma
𑄚| | | Tai Tham
ᨶ| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Meitei Mayek
ꯅ| | | | | Gaudi
-| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Thai
น| | Lao
ນ / ໜ| |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tai Le
ᥢ| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Marchen
𑱽| | | | | Tirhuta
𑒢| | | | | | | | | | New Tai Lue
ᦓ / ᦐ| | Tai Viet
ꪙ / ꪘ| | Aksara Kawi

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| 'Phags-pa
ꡋ| | | Odia
ନ| | | | Sharada
𑆤| | Rejang
ꤵ| | | Batak
ᯉ| | | Buginese

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Zanabazar Square
𑨝| | | | | Bengali-Assamese
| | Takri
𑚝| | | | Javanese
ꦤ| | | Balinese
ᬦ| | Makasar

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Hangul[e]
-| | | | Northern Nagari
-| | Dogri
𑠝| | Laṇḍā
-| | | Sundanese
ᮔ| | Baybayin

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Modi
𑘡| | Gujarati
ન| | | | | Khojki
𑈞| | | Khudabadi
𑋑| | | Mahajani
𑅧| | | Tagbanwa

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Devanagari
| | Nandinagari
𑧁| | Kaithi
| | | | Gurmukhi
ਨ| | Multani
𑊚| | | | Buhid

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Canadian Syllabics[f]
ᓀ| | Soyombo[g]
𑩯| | Sylheti Nagari
ꠘ| | Gunjala Gondi
𑵺| | | Masaram Gondi[h]
𑴟| | | Hanuno'o

Notes

1. ^ The middle "Kushana" form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.
2. ^ Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period "Kushana" form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.
3. ^ Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script
4. ^ May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)
5. ^ The Origin of Hangul from 'Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.
6. ^ Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.
7. ^ May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)
8. ^ Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.

## Character encodings of Na

[edit]

Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Na in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Na from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.

Character information  Preview |  |  |  | న | ନ | ನ | ന | ન | ਨ

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Unicode name  | DEVANAGARI LETTER NA  | BENGALI LETTER NA  | TAMIL LETTER NA  | TELUGU LETTER NA  | ORIYA LETTER NA  | KANNADA LETTER NA  | MALAYALAM LETTER NA  | GUJARATI LETTER NA  | GURMUKHI LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 2344 | U+0928 | 2472 | U+09A8 | 2984 | U+0BA8 | 3112 | U+0C28 | 2856 | U+0B28 | 3240 | U+0CA8 | 3368 | U+0D28 | 2728 | U+0AA8 | 2600 | U+0A28
UTF-8 | 224 164 168 | E0 A4 A8 | 224 166 168 | E0 A6 A8 | 224 174 168 | E0 AE A8 | 224 176 168 | E0 B0 A8 | 224 172 168 | E0 AC A8 | 224 178 168 | E0 B2 A8 | 224 180 168 | E0 B4 A8 | 224 170 168 | E0 AA A8 | 224 168 168 | E0 A8 A8
Numeric character reference | &#2344; | &#x928; | &#2472; | &#x9A8; | &#2984; | &#xBA8; | &#3112; | &#xC28; | &#2856; | &#xB28; | &#3240; | &#xCA8; | &#3368; | &#xD28; | &#2728; | &#xAA8; | &#2600; | &#xA28;
ISCII | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6 | 198 | C6

Character information  Preview |

Ashoka

Kushana

Gupta

| 𐨣 |  | 𑌨

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Unicode name  | BRAHMI LETTER NA  | KHAROSHTHI LETTER NA  | SIDDHAM LETTER NA  | GRANTHA LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 69670 | U+11026 | 68131 | U+10A23 | 71073 | U+115A1 | 70440 | U+11328
UTF-8 | 240 145 128 166 | F0 91 80 A6 | 240 144 168 163 | F0 90 A8 A3 | 240 145 150 161 | F0 91 96 A1 | 240 145 140 168 | F0 91 8C A8
UTF-16 | 55300 56358 | D804 DC26 | 55298 56867 | D802 DE23 | 55301 56737 | D805 DDA1 | 55300 57128 | D804 DF28
Numeric character reference | &#69670; | &#x11026; | &#68131; | &#x10A23; | &#71073; | &#x115A1; | &#70440; | &#x11328;

Character information  Preview |  | ྣ | ꡋ | 𑨝 | 𑐣 | 𑰡 | 𑆤

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Unicode name  | TIBETAN LETTER NA  | TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA  | PHAGS-PA LETTER NA  | ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NA  | NEWA LETTER NA  | BHAIKSUKI LETTER NA  | SHARADA LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 3923 | U+0F53 | 4003 | U+0FA3 | 43083 | U+A84B | 72221 | U+11A1D | 70691 | U+11423 | 72737 | U+11C21 | 70052 | U+111A4
UTF-8 | 224 189 147 | E0 BD 93 | 224 190 163 | E0 BE A3 | 234 161 139 | EA A1 8B | 240 145 168 157 | F0 91 A8 9D | 240 145 144 163 | F0 91 90 A3 | 240 145 176 161 | F0 91 B0 A1 | 240 145 134 164 | F0 91 86 A4
UTF-16 | 3923 | 0F53 | 4003 | 0FA3 | 43083 | A84B | 55302 56861 | D806 DE1D | 55301 56355 | D805 DC23 | 55303 56353 | D807 DC21 | 55300 56740 | D804 DDA4
Numeric character reference | &#3923; | &#xF53; | &#4003; | &#xFA3; | &#43083; | &#xA84B; | &#72221; | &#x11A1D; | &#70691; | &#x11423; | &#72737; | &#x11C21; | &#70052; | &#x111A4;

Character information  Preview | န | ᨶ | ᦓ | ᦐ | ᧃ

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Unicode name  | MYANMAR LETTER NA  | TAI THAM LETTER NA  | NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW NA  | NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH NA  | NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL N
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 4116 | U+1014 | 6710 | U+1A36 | 6547 | U+1993 | 6544 | U+1990 | 6595 | U+19C3
UTF-8 | 225 128 148 | E1 80 94 | 225 168 182 | E1 A8 B6 | 225 166 147 | E1 A6 93 | 225 166 144 | E1 A6 90 | 225 167 131 | E1 A7 83
Numeric character reference | &#4116; | &#x1014; | &#6710; | &#x1A36; | &#6547; | &#x1993; | &#6544; | &#x1990; | &#6595; | &#x19C3;

Character information  Preview | ន | ນ | ໜ | น | ꪙ | ꪘ

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Unicode name  | KHMER LETTER NO  | LAO LETTER NO  | LAO HO NO  | THAI CHARACTER NO NU  | TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NO  | TAI VIET LETTER LOW NO
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 6035 | U+1793 | 3737 | U+0E99 | 3804 | U+0EDC | 3609 | U+0E19 | 43673 | U+AA99 | 43672 | U+AA98
UTF-8 | 225 158 147 | E1 9E 93 | 224 186 153 | E0 BA 99 | 224 187 156 | E0 BB 9C | 224 184 153 | E0 B8 99 | 234 170 153 | EA AA 99 | 234 170 152 | EA AA 98
Numeric character reference | &#6035; | &#x1793; | &#3737; | &#xE99; | &#3804; | &#xEDC; | &#3609; | &#xE19; | &#43673; | &#xAA99; | &#43672; | &#xAA98;

Character information  Preview | න | ꤔ | 𑄚 | ᥢ | 𑜃 | 𑤟 | ꢥ | ꨘ

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Unicode name  | SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA  | KAYAH LI LETTER NA  | CHAKMA LETTER NAA  | TAI LE LETTER NA  | AHOM LETTER NA  | DIVES AKURU LETTER NA  | SAURASHTRA LETTER NA  | CHAM LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 3505 | U+0DB1 | 43284 | U+A914 | 69914 | U+1111A | 6498 | U+1962 | 71427 | U+11703 | 71967 | U+1191F | 43173 | U+A8A5 | 43544 | U+AA18
UTF-8 | 224 182 177 | E0 B6 B1 | 234 164 148 | EA A4 94 | 240 145 132 154 | F0 91 84 9A | 225 165 162 | E1 A5 A2 | 240 145 156 131 | F0 91 9C 83 | 240 145 164 159 | F0 91 A4 9F | 234 162 165 | EA A2 A5 | 234 168 152 | EA A8 98
UTF-16 | 3505 | 0DB1 | 43284 | A914 | 55300 56602 | D804 DD1A | 6498 | 1962 | 55301 57091 | D805 DF03 | 55302 56607 | D806 DD1F | 43173 | A8A5 | 43544 | AA18
Numeric character reference | &#3505; | &#xDB1; | &#43284; | &#xA914; | &#69914; | &#x1111A; | &#6498; | &#x1962; | &#71427; | &#x11703; | &#71967; | &#x1191F; | &#43173; | &#xA8A5; | &#43544; | &#xAA18;

Character information  Preview | 𑘡 | 𑧁 | 𑩯 | ꠘ | 𑵺 |

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Unicode name  | MODI LETTER NA  | NANDINAGARI LETTER NA  | SOYOMBO LETTER NA  | SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER NO  | GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NA  | KAITHI LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 71201 | U+11621 | 72129 | U+119C1 | 72303 | U+11A6F | 43032 | U+A818 | 73082 | U+11D7A | 69794 | U+110A2
UTF-8 | 240 145 152 161 | F0 91 98 A1 | 240 145 167 129 | F0 91 A7 81 | 240 145 169 175 | F0 91 A9 AF | 234 160 152 | EA A0 98 | 240 145 181 186 | F0 91 B5 BA | 240 145 130 162 | F0 91 82 A2
UTF-16 | 55301 56865 | D805 DE21 | 55302 56769 | D806 DDC1 | 55302 56943 | D806 DE6F | 43032 | A818 | 55303 56698 | D807 DD7A | 55300 56482 | D804 DCA2
Numeric character reference | &#71201; | &#x11621; | &#72129; | &#x119C1; | &#72303; | &#x11A6F; | &#43032; | &#xA818; | &#73082; | &#x11D7A; | &#69794; | &#x110A2;

Character information  Preview | 𑒢 | ᰍ | ᤏ | ꯅ | 𑱽

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Unicode name  | TIRHUTA LETTER NA  | LEPCHA LETTER NA  | LIMBU LETTER NA  | MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NA  | MARCHEN LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 70818 | U+114A2 | 7181 | U+1C0D | 6415 | U+190F | 43973 | U+ABC5 | 72829 | U+11C7D
UTF-8 | 240 145 146 162 | F0 91 92 A2 | 225 176 141 | E1 B0 8D | 225 164 143 | E1 A4 8F | 234 175 133 | EA AF 85 | 240 145 177 189 | F0 91 B1 BD
UTF-16 | 55301 56482 | D805 DCA2 | 7181 | 1C0D | 6415 | 190F | 43973 | ABC5 | 55303 56445 | D807 DC7D
Numeric character reference | &#70818; | &#x114A2; | &#7181; | &#x1C0D; | &#6415; | &#x190F; | &#43973; | &#xABC5; | &#72829; | &#x11C7D;

Character information  Preview | 𑚝 | 𑠝 | 𑈞 | 𑋑 | 𑅧 | 𑊚

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Unicode name  | TAKRI LETTER NA  | DOGRA LETTER NA  | KHOJKI LETTER NA  | KHUDAWADI LETTER NA  | MAHAJANI LETTER NA  | MULTANI LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 71325 | U+1169D | 71709 | U+1181D | 70174 | U+1121E | 70353 | U+112D1 | 69991 | U+11167 | 70298 | U+1129A
UTF-8 | 240 145 154 157 | F0 91 9A 9D | 240 145 160 157 | F0 91 A0 9D | 240 145 136 158 | F0 91 88 9E | 240 145 139 145 | F0 91 8B 91 | 240 145 133 167 | F0 91 85 A7 | 240 145 138 154 | F0 91 8A 9A
UTF-16 | 55301 56989 | D805 DE9D | 55302 56349 | D806 DC1D | 55300 56862 | D804 DE1E | 55300 57041 | D804 DED1 | 55300 56679 | D804 DD67 | 55300 56986 | D804 DE9A
Numeric character reference | &#71325; | &#x1169D; | &#71709; | &#x1181D; | &#70174; | &#x1121E; | &#70353; | &#x112D1; | &#69991; | &#x11167; | &#70298; | &#x1129A;

Character information  Preview | ᬦ | ᯉ | ᨊ | ꦤ | 𑻨 | ꤵ | ᮔ

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Unicode name  | BALINESE LETTER NA  | BATAK LETTER NA  | BUGINESE LETTER NA  | JAVANESE LETTER NA  | MAKASAR LETTER NA  | REJANG LETTER NA  | SUNDANESE LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 6950 | U+1B26 | 7113 | U+1BC9 | 6666 | U+1A0A | 43428 | U+A9A4 | 73448 | U+11EE8 | 43317 | U+A935 | 7060 | U+1B94
UTF-8 | 225 172 166 | E1 AC A6 | 225 175 137 | E1 AF 89 | 225 168 138 | E1 A8 8A | 234 166 164 | EA A6 A4 | 240 145 187 168 | F0 91 BB A8 | 234 164 181 | EA A4 B5 | 225 174 148 | E1 AE 94
UTF-16 | 6950 | 1B26 | 7113 | 1BC9 | 6666 | 1A0A | 43428 | A9A4 | 55303 57064 | D807 DEE8 | 43317 | A935 | 7060 | 1B94
Numeric character reference | &#6950; | &#x1B26; | &#7113; | &#x1BC9; | &#6666; | &#x1A0A; | &#43428; | &#xA9A4; | &#73448; | &#x11EE8; | &#43317; | &#xA935; | &#7060; | &#x1B94;

Character information  Preview | ᜈ | ᝨ | ᝈ | ᜨ | 𑴟

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Unicode name  | TAGALOG LETTER NA  | TAGBANWA LETTER NA  | BUHID LETTER NA  | HANUNOO LETTER NA  | MASARAM GONDI LETTER NA
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 5896 | U+1708 | 5992 | U+1768 | 5960 | U+1748 | 5928 | U+1728 | 72991 | U+11D1F
UTF-8 | 225 156 136 | E1 9C 88 | 225 157 168 | E1 9D A8 | 225 157 136 | E1 9D 88 | 225 156 168 | E1 9C A8 | 240 145 180 159 | F0 91 B4 9F
UTF-16 | 5896 | 1708 | 5992 | 1768 | 5960 | 1748 | 5928 | 1728 | 55303 56607 | D807 DD1F
Numeric character reference | &#5896; | &#x1708; | &#5992; | &#x1768; | &#5960; | &#x1748; | &#5928; | &#x1728; | &#72991; | &#x11D1F;
Character information  Preview | ᓀ | ᓂ | ᓄ | ᓇ | ᓐ

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Unicode name  | CANADIAN SYLLABICS NE  | CANADIAN SYLLABICS NI  | CANADIAN SYLLABICS NO  | CANADIAN SYLLABICS NA  | CANADIAN SYLLABICS N
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 5312 | U+14C0 | 5314 | U+14C2 | 5316 | U+14C4 | 5319 | U+14C7 | 5328 | U+14D0
UTF-8 | 225 147 128 | E1 93 80 | 225 147 130 | E1 93 82 | 225 147 132 | E1 93 84 | 225 147 135 | E1 93 87 | 225 147 144 | E1 93 90
Numeric character reference | &#5312; | &#x14C0; | &#5314; | &#x14C2; | &#5316; | &#x14C4; | &#5319; | &#x14C7; | &#5328; | &#x14D0;

* The full range of NE Canadian syllabic characters can be found at the codepoint ranges 14C0-14D0, 14D2, 158E-1596, 159B-159F, 1602-1607, 1670-1676, 18BB-18BC, 18C6-18CD, & 18D9.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450\. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.447-450&rft.pub=John+Wiley+&+Sons&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-471-39340-1&rft.aulast=Ifrah&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Na+(Indic)" class="Z3988">
2. ^ a b Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
3. ^ Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [1]
4. ^ Pall, Peeter. "Microsoft Word - kblhi2" (PDF). Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
5. ^ "The Bengali Alphabet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28.
6. ^ Zui. "Writing in North America — Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics". The Language Closet. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
7. ^ Andrew Dalby (2004:139) Dictionary of Languages

^note Conjuncts are identified by IAST transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + Ha, and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

* v
* t
* e

Devanāgarī

* Abugida
* Brahmic scripts
* Inherent vowel

Languages|

* Hindi
* Marathi
* Nepali
* Konkani
* Maithili
* Sindhi
* Bodo
* Pali
* Prakrit
* Sanskrit and more

Transliteration|

* IAST
* Hunterian
* National Library at Kolkata
* ISO 15919
* Harvard-Kyoto
* ITRANS
* Velthuis
* SLP1
* WX notation
* (ISCII)

Vowels and
syllabic consonants|

|  अ a|  ॲ æ|  ऄ|  आ (का) ā| | |

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इ (कि) i| | |  ई (की) ī| | |
उ (कु) u| | |  ऊ (कू) ū|  ॶ (कॖ)|  ॷ (कॗ)|
ऋ (कृ) r̥| | |  ॠ (कॄ) r̥̄| | |
ऌ (कॢ) l̥| | |  ॡ (कॣ) l̥̄| | |
ए (के) ē|  ऍ (कॅ) ê|  ऎ (कॆ) e|  ऐ (कै) ai|  (कॕ)|  (कॎ)|
ओ (को) ō|  ऑ (कॉ) ô|  ऒ (कॊ) o|  औ (कौ) au|  ॳ (कऺ)|  ॴ (कऻ)|  ॵ (कॏ)

* Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages

Consonants|

|  क k|  क़ q| | |  ख kh|  ख़ k̲h̲| | |  ग g|  ग़ ġ|  ॻ gg| |  घ gh| |  ङ ṅ|

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च c| | | |  छ ch| | | |  ज j|  ज़ z|  ॼ jj|  ॹ ž|  झ jh|  झ़ zh|  ञ ñ|
ट ṭ| | | |  ठ ṭh| | | |  ड ḍ|  ड़ ṛ|  ॾ ḍḍ|  ॸ ḍ|  ढ ḍh|  ढ़ ṛh|  ण ṇ|
त t| | | |  थ th| | | |  द d| | | |  ध dh| |  न n|  ऩ ṉ
प p| | | |  फ ph|  फ़ f| | |  ब b| |  ॿ bb| |  भ bh| |  म m|
य y|  य़ ẏ| |  ॺ|  र r|  ऱ ṟ|  ळ ḷ|  ऴ ḻ|  ल l| | | |  व v| | |
श ś| | | |  ष ṣ| | | |  स s| | | |  ह h| | |  ॽ
* Consonant conjuncts

Diacritics,
punctuation
and other symbols|

|  अं ṁ (anusvāra)|  अः ḥ (visarga)|  अँ m̐ (candrabindu)|  अऀ (inverted candrabindu)|  ऽ ’ (avagraha)

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क़ (nuqta)|  क् (virāma)|  ३ 3 (pluta)|  ᳵ ẖ (jihvāmūlīya)|  ᳶ ḫ (upadhmānīya)
अ॑ ` (svarita)|  अ॒ (anudātta)|  अ॓ (grave)|  अ॔ (acute)|  ॐ aum̐
। (daṇḍa)|  ॥ (double daṇḍa)|  ॰ (lāghava cihna)|  ॱ (high spacing dot)|  ₹ INR (Indian rupee sign)
* Devanagari (Unicode block)
* Devanagari Extended
* Devanagari Extended-A
* Vedic Extensions
* Devanagari Braille

Numerals|

|  ० 0|  १ 1|  २ 2|  ३ 3|  ४ 4|  ५ 5|  ६ 6|  ७ 7|  ८ 8|  ९ 9

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* Āryabhaṭa numeration
* Akṣarapallī
* Bhūtasaṃkhyā system
* Kaṭapayādi system
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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template