Nacionalista Party

Conservative political party in the Philippines

For National and Nationalist Parties in other countries, see National Party and Nationalist Party.

Nacionalista Party

Partido Nacionalista

Abbreviation| NP; Nacionalista
President| Manny Villar
Chairperson| Cynthia Villar
Secretary General| Mark Villar
Spokesperson| Ace Barbers
Founder| Manuel L. Quezon
Sergio Osmeña
Founded| April 29, 1907; 118 years ago (1907-04-29)[1]
Merger of| Partido Union Nacionalista[1][2]
Partido Independista Imediatista[1][2]
Headquarters| Starmall EDSA-Shaw 4F, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
Youth wing| Young Nacionalistas
Membership| 1.2 million
Ideology|

* Conservatism[5]
* National conservatism[6]
* Filipino nationalism[7]
* Populism[13]
Historical:
Economic liberalism[14]
Economic nationalism[14]

Political position| Centre-right[17]
National affiliation| Bagong Pilipinas (2024–present)

Former:

* UNIDO (1980–1986)
GAD (1987)
K4 (2004)
GO (2007)
Team PNoy (2013)
Coalition for Change (2016–2019)
HNP (2019)
UniTeam (2021–2024)

Colors| National colors:
Red,  blue, and  white
Customary:
Light green
Orange
Slogan| Ang Bayan Higit sa Lahat
('The Nation Above All')
Senate|

4 / 24

House of Representatives|

21 / 317

[18]
Provincial Governors|

11 / 82

Provincial Vice Governors|

8 / 82

Provincial Board Members|

97 / 840

Website
www.nacionalistaparty.com

* Politics of Philippines
* Political parties
* Elections

The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party', NP) is a political party in the Philippines which is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asia. It is responsible for leading the country throughout most of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Presidents Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953–1961 (under Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965–1978 (under President Ferdinand Marcos). It was dubbed as the Philippines' "Grand Old Party".[19]

## Ideology

[edit]

The Nacionalista Party was initially created as a Filipino nationalist party that supported Philippine independence until 1946 when the United States granted independence to the country.[3][20][10] Since then, many scholarly articles that dealt with the history of political parties during the Third Republic agreed that the party has been increasingly populist,[8][9][10][11][12] although some have argued they have conservative[3][15] tendencies because of their opposition to the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party.

## History

[edit]

### American Insular to Commonwealth era

[edit]

The party was organized as a vehicle for Philippine independence, advocating self-rule; and espousing this advocacy through representation in the Philippine Assembly of 1907–1916, and in the succeeding Philippine Legislature of 1916–1935. The ranks of Nationalist politicians rose to prominence through the Commonwealth of the Philippines spanning 1935–1941, ending when political parties were replaced by a singular and monolithic KALIBAPI Party during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

### Roxas and Quirino presidencies: 1946–1953

[edit]

#### Break-away of the "Liberal" wing and 1946 elections

[edit]

Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino and their allies called for an early general elections which elect the president, vice president and members of the Congress, and lobbied it to their allies in the United States Congress. In December 1945, the House Insular Affairs Committee of the US Congress approved the joint resolution, setting the election date by April 23, 1946.[21]

Prompted by this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election date on April 23, 1946. President Osmeña signed the act on January 5, 1946.[21]

Nacionalista Party 1949 logo seen in Jose P. Laurel's presidential campaign (logo used from 1946 to 1953)

Nacionalista was divided into two, the Conservative wing or the pro-Osmeña wing, and the Liberal wing led by Roxas and Quirino. On January 3, 1946, Osmeña announced his re-election bid. But the Liberal wing became as the Liberal Party and was officially founded on January 19, 1946, with its leaders Roxas and Quirino as party nominees for president and vice president respectively.[22][23][24]

On January 22, 1946, former Rizal congressman and Senator Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez was nominated as Osmeña's running mate for vice president, in a convention held at Ciro's Club in Manila. But the tandem of Osmeña and Rodriguez was defeated by Roxas and Quirino of Liberal.[21][24]

#### Opposition to the Roxas and Quirino Administrations

[edit]

After the victory of the Liberal, Nacionalista only won 1 of 8 seats in the 1947 Senate election, by Camilo Osias.[25] In 1949 presidential elections, Nacionalista fielded former "collaborator" and political veteran Jose P. Laurel, with former Senator and Supreme Court Associate Justice Manuel Briones as his running-mate.[26] Even though the Nacionalista have advantage of Liberal's divide, as Quirino running for his own full term and Senator José Avelino ran with another wing, Quirino prevailed against Laurel. Former general and future diplomat Carlos P. Romulo and Marvin M. Gray considered 1949 edition as the dirtiest election in Philippine electoral history.[27] In the senate election of the same year, anti-American Claro M. Recto only managed to win after an election protest.[28]

### Magsaysay presidency: 1953–1957

[edit]

#### Recruitment of Magsaysay vs. Quirino

[edit]

1953 Nacionalista Convention

Candidate  |  |
Name  | Ramon Magsaysay | Camilo Osías
Votes  | 702 | 49

Former President and then-Senator Jose P. Laurel initially had intentions to seek Nacionalista's nomination for president in 1953 but did not go through with it. He then proposed to endorse then-Secretary of National Defense Ramon Magsaysay, whose successful anti-insurgency and anti-communist initiatives had strained his relations with President Quirino and the Liberal Party. But Senate President Camilo Osías sought the presidential nomination but ultimately lost to Magsaysay. This prompted Osias to jump to Liberal. In the convention, Senator Carlos P. Garcia of Bohol was picked to be his running-mate, defeating Jose Zulueta (who also jumped to Liberal with Osias).[29]

#### Support from Democrats

[edit]

Also, country's ambassador to United Nations Carlos Romulo and incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez, who founded the Democratic Party from Liberal and originally intended to run for president, and vice president respectively withdrew and Lopez seek for a place in Senate. The tandem of Magsaysay and Garcia won the election in 1953.[30] In 1953 senate elections, only Lorenzo Tañada was the one who won from different party beside Nacionalista and Democratic, and in 1955, Nacionalistas swept the eight candidates.[29]

### Garcia presidency: 1953–1957

[edit]

After Magsaysay's plane crashed to Mt. Manunggal riding a Douglas C-47 Skytrain, Carlos Garcia assumed the presidency for the last months of Magsaysay's unfinished term. He won a re-election in 1957, but for the first time in electoral history of the Philippines, Garcia have a vice president did not have the same party or his opponent's running-mate as Garcia's running mate, Jose P. Laurel's son and former House Speaker Pepito Laurel defeated by Kapampangan Congressman Diosdado Macapagal.

Juan Pajo, the then-governor of Bohol, held the Bible which Garcia took oath on, breaking the tradition wherein it is held by presidential spouses.[31] A faction led by Manuel Manahan and Raul Manglapus formed a faction of pro-Magsaysay due to dissatisfaction of members of the Nacionalista Party over the "cold treatment" given to them by allies of Garcia. The faction later become Progressive Party.[32]

### Macapagal presidency: 1961–1965

[edit]

In 1961,[33] Incumbent president Garcia lost his opportunity for a second full term as president of the Philippines to Vice President Diosdado Macapagal. Also, Senator Gil Puyat, Garcia's running-mate lost to Senator Emmanuel Pelaez, and behind of Serging Osmeña, the son of the party's founder.[34] Jose Roy and Lorenzo Sumulong are those Nacionalistas to manage to gain seats.

Nacionalista Party logo used from 1953 to 1986

### Marcos presidency: 1965–1986

[edit]

#### 1965 elections: Rise of Ferdinand Marcos

[edit]

In April 1964, Senate President Ferdinand Marcos resigned from Liberal, and joined Nacionalista ship. He cited President Macapagal's unfulfilled promise of not running for re-election as the main reason of leaving his former party.[35] Before quitting his former party, Marcos served its party president.[36] Also, incumbent Vice President Pelaez also seek nomination, but Marcos prevailed in the 1964 Convention,[37] with controversies like of coercion and massive vote buying.[38] With selecting Quirino's former Vice President Fernando Lopez, a former Liberal as his running mate, Marcos defeated Macapagal in a three-way 1965 elections.[39]

#### 1969 elections: Marcos retained

[edit]

Tarlac Governor Ninoy Aquino, a former Nacionalista stalwart under Ramon Magsaysay and Marcos' frat-mate, became a Liberal in 1959, and won senate seat in 1967. Aquino became a vocal opponent of Marcos for next decade.[40]

Ramon Magsaysay's brother Genaro was recruited by Liberal from Nacionalista to be Serging Osmeña's running mate. Magsaysay won a senate seat as Nacionalista in 1965.[41] Marcos was reelected for a second term. He was the first and last Filipino president and Nacionalista president to win a second full term.[42][43][44][45] His running mate, incumbent Vice President Lopez was also elected to a third full term as vice president.

But Marcos's second term was characterized by social unrest, beginning with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis, which was already underway during the second inauguration.[46] Opposition groups began to form, with "moderate" groups calling for political reform and "radical" groups who espoused a more radical-left ideology.[47][48][49]

#### 1971: The Plaza Miranda bombing

[edit]

After what happened to Plaza Miranda bombing,[40] Liberal won five seats, and Nacionalista won three seats by Eva Estrada Kalaw (also Liberal's guest candidate), Ernie Maceda, and Alejandro Almendras.

In 1971, Marcos' State of the Nation Address, there is a sign on his speech that if the country's condition worse, it is time to declare Martial Law.

> So I come to speak of a society that is sick, so sick that it must either be cured and cured now or buried in a deluge of reforms.

— Ferdinand Marcos, 1971 State of the Nation Address titled The Democratic Revolution

Marcos also suspended the writ of habeas corpus by virtue of Proclamation No. 889, through which he assumed emergency powers.[50]

Marcos's second term effectively ended a little under two years and nine months later, when Marcos announced on September 23, 1972, that he had placed the Philippines under martial law.[51]

#### 1978 elections: Elections under Martial Law and Fourth Republic

[edit]

For the incoming 1978 parliamentary elections, some Nacionalista members joined the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL), a regime-controlled coalition, akin to the Japanese occupation's KALIBAPI. With many preferring not to be involved, the Nacionalistas went to hibernation.[52]

#### 1981: Alejo Santos

[edit]

With the lifing of Martial Law by Proclamation 2045, on January 17, 1981,[53] Jose Roy, was asked by Marcos to find an opponent against him, as Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN) and United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) declared a boycott on the election as early as April. As the opposition, UNIDO, the main opposition umbrella group, wanted to clean the voters' list, a revamping of the Commission on Elections, a campaign to be held nationwide and that UNIDO accredited as a minority party. Marcos did not accept the demands which led UNIDO to call for a boycott. This caused for Marcos to be reportedly dismayed as he could not legitimize the election without a viable opposition candidate.[54]

The Nacionalista Party chose former Defense Secretary and Bulacan governor Alejo Santos as their standard bearer. Santos, who was appointed by Marcos as chairman of the board of the Philippine Veterans Bank, had Francisco Tatad, Marcos' former information minister, as his campaign manager. Ultimately, Marcos won in a landslide.

#### 1983: Together with UNIDO

[edit]

After the assassination of their former member Ninoy Aquino, former Marcos loyalist and son of Jose P. Laurel, Salvador "Doy" Laurel led the Nacionalista to joining UNIDO, thus became the main opposition against the dictatorship. Marcos called a snap election in 1986, thus giving Laurel a chance to be the face of the opposition to match Marcos. In the UNIDO convention with a jampacked 25,000 delegates, Laurel have UNIDO's support, but unfortunately for him, Ninoy's spouse Cory ran under her own campaign.[55] Due to Manila Archbishop Jaime Sin's please of sliding down for Laurel agreed and the two teamed up.[56][57]

#### 1986: Snap election

[edit]

As Nacionalista, Liberal, PDP–Laban united under UNIDO, they fielded Cory Aquino and Doy Laurel as their official nominees for president and vice president respectively for the 1986 election.[58][59] In the said election, violence was rampant and cheating scandals and controversies arose,[60][61] with COMELEC officers walked out of the PICC, the place where COMELEC transmission of data happens.[62]

Lt. Col. Gringo Honasan and backed by former Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile had plotted a coup d'état to seize Malacañang and kill Marcos and his family.[63] It also give way for the success of the People Power Revolution in February 25.[64]

### Corazon Aquino to Estrada's presidencies: 1986–2001

[edit]

#### Under first Aquino administration

[edit]

Years later, in the late 1980s, the party was revived under the leadership of Laurel, who resigned as Secretary of Foreign affairs due to conflict with President Cory Aquino.[65]

Nacionalista logo from 1987 to 1991

#### 1992 elections

[edit]

In preparation the 1992 elections, in 1990, the party has three candidates to seek the presidential nomination. These are Vice President Laurel, businessman and Marcos crony Danding Cojuangco, and former Defense Minister and Senator Juan Ponce Enrile. Some of the Nacionalistas, including the son of their late stalwart Vicente Duterte, said that Cojuangco is the strongest candidate, as the latter can grab the Solid North vote.[66]

In the 1991 convention, the party nominated Laurel for president and selected Eva Kalaw to be his running mate. But after the party nomination, a pro-Danding Cojuangco/Marcos faction broke away and established the Nationalist People's Coalition led by Amang Rodriguez's son Isidro in 1991.[67] The tandem of Laurel and Kalaw is the last-place of that election.[68] All of Nacionalista won seats in the lower house (House of Representatives) joined Jose De Venecia's Rainbow Coalition.[69] The party almost return in hibernation for the next years, with Valenzuela congressman Antonio Serapio as its only member in the both chambers of congress.

### Arroyo presidency: 2001–2010

[edit]

#### 2001 elections

[edit]

Homobono Adaza, former Bureau of Immigration commissioner was running under the Nacionalista banner. The party did not join either People Power Coalition or Pwersa ng Masa. Adaza's platform was to make Marcos family liable for their 600 million wealth question.[70] But even though Adaza lost, in the House of Representatives, Nacionalista joined de Venecia's Sunshine Coalition.[71]

Nacionalista Party logo used since 1991

#### 2003

[edit]

In 2003, Doy Laurel searched for the next leader of the party, and he saw former House Speaker and Senator Manny Villar. Villar that time is an independent and previously affiliated with Lakas and Estrada's LAMMP. He then tapped Villar as chairman. Laurel died in United States in January 2004.[72] Villar later assumed party presidency after the latter's death.[73]

#### 2004 elections

[edit]

Even though did not field any candidate in legislature and executive positions nationally, in 2004, the party, with the new leadership under its party chairman and president Senator Villar,[73] the party supported then-incumbent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, daughter of the one who defeated their 1957 vice presidential candidate and stopped Carlos Garcia's reelection bid in 1961.[74][75]

#### 2007 elections

[edit]

For the 2007 elections, then-Senate President Villar led the Nacionalista into joining opposition against Arroyo, the Genuine Opposition to match the administration's TEAM Unity. But their another re-electionist Ralph Recto moved away from Nacionalista and joined with the admin camp.[76][77] Villar got his re-election bid pushed into victory.

Also, by 2007, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) is expected to merge with the party. KBL chairman Vicente Millora, who advocated a two-party system return, he said the KBL is willing to merge with Nacionalista if the two-party system is revived.[78]

#### 2010 elections

[edit]

Main article: Manny Villar 2010 presidential campaign

In 2008, Manny Villar topped presidential surveys, despite the naked conflict of interest accusations at that time surrounding the C-5 Road extension project.[79] In the same year, he declared that he intended to run for president on the 2010 Philippine presidential election.[80] Until 2009, Villar still held the top spot in surveys for preferred presidential bets. But due to the death of former President Cory Aquino, her son, Senator Noynoy Aquino, began earning favor until finally surpassing him at around the tail-end of the year.[81] During the election period, both candidates had a tight race, with the popularity of Manny Villar's jingle for his presidential campaign, Naging Mahirap (or Nakaligo ka na ba sa Dagat ng Basura),[82][83] prompting the creation of various memes on the internet.[84] He also used the slogan Tapusin ang Kahirapan (Tagalog for "End Poverty").[85]

##### Controversy over dominant minority status

[edit]

In the 2010 general election, the Nacionalista and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) formed an alliance after it was approved by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on April 12, 2010.[86] Villar choose Senator Loren Legarda, who is a member of the NPC, as running mate. This was formally approved by COMELEC through a resolution, but on April 21, 2010, was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by an opposing party, the Liberal, calling the move as a deliberate attempt at acquiring the dominant minority party status.[86] On May 6, 2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger, therefore making the Liberal the dominant minority party. It was based on a resolution by the COMELEC that political parties had to be registered and accredited prior to a cut-off date of August 17, 2009.[87]

##### Senate slate

[edit]

Villar organized the Senate slate of his ticket, composed of Pia Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos (who joined Nacionalista with his family due to dispute with KBL members), Susan Ople, former Marine Colonel Ariel Querubin, former news reporter and congressman Gilbert Remulla, former military captain Ramon Mitra III, and Adel Tamano. They have also got Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People's Reform Party, Gwen Pimentel of PDP–Laban, activist Liza Maza, who is running independent, and Bayan Muna member and NDF member Satur Ocampo.[88]

##### Cancelled alliance with KBL

[edit]

On November 20, 2009, the Nacionalista forged an alliance with the KBL at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong.[89][90] Bongbong Marcos was later on removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 29.[91][90] As such, the party broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, though Marcos remained part of the Nacionalista's senatorial line-up, and his family members are sworn in as members of Nacionalista.[89][92]

##### 'Villaroyo' rumors

[edit]

In the start of campaign for 2010, rumors speculated that Villar is a 'secret candidate' of President Arroyo, as Arroyo have -53 trust rating, thus Defense Secretary Gilbert Tedoro, the presidential nominee of then merged Lakas–Kampi have low ratings in survey, thus earning a 'Villaroyo' title, with combining the surname of Villar and Arroyo.[93][94] Villar denied the accusation and his rating plummeted with now Joseph Estrada placed second, surpassing him.[95]

Also, the reopening of issue of C-5 project also affected his survey ratings, with Satur Ocampo, one of the members of his senate line-up said that he should face senate hearings about the issue.[88]

Villar eventually lost to Ninoy's son Noynoy and Legarda lost to Makati mayor Jejomar Binay.[96]

### Noynoy Aquino to Rodrigo Duterte's presidency: 2010–2022

[edit]

#### 2013

[edit]

Nacionalista forged a coalition with Liberal, Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), Sonny Angara's Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino, Risa Hontiveros' Akbayan, and Magdalo led by Antonio Trillanes, who is also a Nacionalista member. The coalition became the Team PNoy.[97] Nacionalista members fielded are Trillanes, Villar's wife Cynthia, and Alan Peter Cayetano. The three won seats in the senate.[98]

#### 2016

[edit]

On an April 2015 cruise from Manila to Japan, the Nacionalista Party were supposed to decide on their plans for 2016. However, they were not able to form a consensus on what to do.[99] In May, Cynthia Villar said that they are considering adopting Grace Poe as their candidate.[100] By July, Trillanes said that its possible, but not with the inclusion of Chiz Escudero, her running mate.[101] By September, she said that if Rodrigo Duterte decides to run for the presidency, the Nacionalistas might support him.[102]

By 2016, Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes originally ambitioned to get Nacionalista's nomination for presidency.[103] But the three ran as vice president, and when PDP–Laban's Rodrigo Duterte substituted Martin Diño, the three seek to be selected as Duterte's running mate,[104][105] with Cayetano was the one being picked in November.[106] Cayetano was first, originally proposed by Mar Roxas campaign team to be its running mate.[107] Marcos was tapped by Miriam Defensor Santiago as her running mate in October 2015.[108]

With multiple members angling for the vice presidency, Cynthia Villar said that the party wouldn't impose stand to whom to support for the presidency if two or more members would run for the vice presidency.[109] Duterte won, but Cayetano only finished third, with Marcos as second.

In 2022, while campaigning for Isko Moreno, a former Nacionalista, Duterte's former strategist Lito Banayo revelead that Duterte originally planned to ran under the Nacionalista banner, but due to Cayetano, Marcos, and Trillanes' ambition, he jumped to PDP–Laban, Cory Aquino's former party.[103]

#### 2019

[edit]

Nacionalista fielded re-electionist Cynthia Villar, and Bongbong's older sister Ilocos Norte Governor Imee Marcos to be senatorial candidates, under the Hugpong ng Pagbabago. Both senators won.[110][111]

### Bongbong Marcos' presidency: 2022–present

[edit]

#### 2022

[edit]

In late 2021, Bongbong Marcos left Nacionalista and joined Partido Federal ng Pilipinas to start his presidential bid.[112][113]

In October of the same year, one of its top officials, Senator Ralph Recto endorsed Manila Mayor Isko Moreno's presidential run, as he stated that Nacionalista members are open to endorsing any candidate, and did not have any unified endorsement.[114]

But before May 2022, Manny Villar endorsed the tandem of Bongbong Marcos, and presidential daughter Sara Duterte. Despite this, Recto stuck to supporting Moreno.[115]

#### 2025

[edit]

In 2024, Nacionalista forged alliance with Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) and joined the Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas coalition alongside PFP, NPC, and NUP.[116] Nacionalista fielded Pia Cayetano, Camille Villar, Imee Marcos, and Ariel Querubin as candidates, but Marcos initially declined coalition membership and endorsement from her younger brother, President Bongbong Marcos, and Querubin later chose to run under the Riding-in-tandem Team alongside independent Bonifacio Bosita.[117][118] In February 2025, during the campaign, Marcos appeared with the coalition and was reintroduced by her brother. However, she left Alyansa for good on March 26, citing reasons based on the arrest of former President Duterte.[119] Villar and Marcos were later endorsed by Vice President Sara Duterte.[120]

## Nacionalista presidents

[edit]

See also: List of presidents of the Philippines

As of 2024, there have been a total of 5 Nacionalista presidents. Those who won presidency under other parties are not included.

# | Name (lifespan)  | Portrait  | Province  | Presidency
start date  | Presidency
end date  | Time in office

|
|
|
|
|
|

2  | Manuel Quezon
(1878– 1944)  |  | Tayabas | November 15, 1935 | August 1, 1944[a] | 8 years, 260 days
4  | Sergio Osmeña
(1878–1961)  |  | Cebu | August 1, 1944 | April 15, 1948 | 1 year, 323 days
7  | Ramon Magsaysay
(1907–1957)  |  | Zambales | December 30, 1953 | March 17, 1957[a] | 3 years, 77 days
8  | Carlos P. Garcia
(1896–1971)  |  | Bohol | March 18, 1957 | December 30, 1961 | 4 years, 316 days
10  | Ferdinand Marcos
(1917–1989)  |  | Ilocos Norte | December 30, 1965 | September 21, 1972[b] | 6 years, 286 days

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Died in office.
2. ^ After the declaration of Martial Law, political parties melted. Marcos left Nacionalista to form Kilusang Bagong Lipunan in 1978

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### Presidential elections

[edit]

Year  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | Result  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|

1935 | Manuel L. Quezon | 695,332 | 67.99 | Won  | Manuel L. Quezon won
1941 | Manuel L. Quezon | 1,340,320 | 81.78 | Won  | Manuel L. Quezon won
1946 | Sergio Osmeña | 1,129,996 | 45.71 | Lost  | Manuel Roxas (Liberal) won
1949 | José P. Laurel | 1,318,330 | 37.22 | Lost  | Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) won
1953 | Ramon Magsaysay | 2,912,992 | 68.90 | Won  | Ramon Magsaysay won
1957 | Carlos P. Garcia | 2,072,257 | 41.28 | Won  | Carlos P. Garcia won
1961 | Carlos P. Garcia | 2,902,996 | 44.95 | Lost  | Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) won
1965 | Ferdinand Marcos | 3,861,324 | 51.94 | Won  | Ferdinand Marcos won
1969 | Ferdinand Marcos | 5,017,343 | 61.47 | Won  | Ferdinand Marcos won
1981 | Alejo Santos | 1,716,449 | 8.25 | Lost  | Ferdinand Marcos (KBL) won
1986 | None; Laurel's running mate was Corazon Aquino (UNIDO)  | 9,291,716 | 46.10 | Disputed | Corazon Aquino (UNIDO) assumed presidency
1992 | Salvador Laurel | 770,046 | 3.40 | Lost  | Fidel V. Ramos (Lakas–NUCD) won
1998 | None  | —  | Joseph Estrada (LAMMP) won
2004 | None; endorsed Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD)  | —  | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) won
2010 | Manuel Villar | 5,573,835 | 15.42 | Lost  | Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) won
2016 | None  | —  | Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) won
2022 | None; endorsed Bongbong Marcos (PFP)  | —  | Bongbong Marcos (PFP) won

### Vice presidential elections

[edit]

Year  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | Result  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|

1935 | Sergio Osmeña | 812,352 | 86.93 | Won  | Sergio Osmeña won
1941 | Sergio Osmeña | 1,445,897 | 92.10 | Won  | Sergio Osmeña won
1946 | Eulogio Rodriguez | 1,051,243 | 47.38 | Lost  | Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) won
1949 | Manuel Briones | 1,184,215 | 46.08 | Lost  | Fernando López (Liberal) won
1953 | Carlos P. Garcia | 2,515,265 | 62.90 | Won  | Carlos P. Garcia won
1957 | José Laurel Jr. | 1,783,012 | 37.91 | Lost  | Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) won
1961 | Gil Puyat | 1,787,987 | 28.06 | Lost  | Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal) won
1965 | Fernando López | 3,531,550 | 48.48 | Won  | Fernando López won
1969 | Fernando López | 5,001,737 | 62.75 | Won  | Fernando López won
1986 | Salvador Laurel[n 1] | 9,173,105 | 45.85 | Disputed | Salvador Laurel assumed vice presidency
1992 | Eva Estrada Kalaw | 255,730 | 1.25 | Lost  | Joseph Estrada (NPC) won
1998 | None  | —  | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD–UMDP) won
2004 | None; endorsed Noli de Castro (Independent)  | —  | Noli de Castro (Independent) won
2010 | None; Villar's running mate was Loren Legarda (NPC)  | 14,645,574 | 41.65 | Lost  | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban) won
2016 | None[n 2] | —  | Leni Robredo (Liberal) won
2022 | None; endorsed Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD)  | —  | Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD) won

### Legislative elections

[edit]

#### 1907–1912

[edit]

#### Philippine Assembly

[edit]

Year  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Result

|
|
|
|
|

1907 | 34,277  | 35.71  |

32 / 80

| N/A  | Won
1909 | 92,996  | 48.19  |

62 / 81

|  30  | Won
1912 | 124,753  | 53.35  |

62 / 81

|  | Won

#### 1916–1935

[edit]

In 1916, the House of Representatives was still called the Philippine Assembly

Senate elections  | Senate Seats won  | +/–  | Result  | House /
Assembly election  | House Seats won  | +/-  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1916 |

22 / 24

| N/A  | Won  | 1916 |

75 / 90

|  13  | Won
1919 |

9 / 11

|  | Won  | 1919 |

83 / 90

|  5  | Won
1922 |

8 / 11

|  5  | Split  | 1922 |

64 / 93

|  19  | Split
1925 |

7 / 11

|  4  | Won  | 1925 |

64 / 92

|  | Won
1928 |

9 / 11

|  5  | Won  | 1928 |

71 / 94

|  7  | Won
1931 |

7 / 11

|  1  | Won  | 1931 |

68 / 86

|  3  | Won
1934 |

11 / 11

|  1  | Won  | 1934 |

89 / 92

|  21  | Split

#### Philippine Assembly

[edit]

Year  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Result

|
|
|
|
|

1907 | 34,277  | 35.71  |

32 / 80

| N/A  | Won
1909 | 92,996  | 48.19  |

62 / 81

|  30  | Won
1912 | 124,753  | 53.35  |

62 / 81

|  | Won
1916 | #  | %  |

75 / 90

|  13  | Won

#### National Assembly (1935–1941)

[edit]

Year  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Result

|
|
|
|
|

1935 | #  | %  |

83 / 89

|  1  | Won
1938 | #  | %  |

98 / 98

|  15  | Won

#### National Assembly (1943–1944)

[edit]

Year  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Result

|
|
|
|
|

1943 | Did not participate  | N/A  | —

#### 1941–1971: Bicamercal Commonwealth to Third Republic

[edit]

Senate was abolished from 1935 until 1941

Senate
elections  | Senate
seats  | +/–  | Result  | President  | House
seats  | +/–  | Result  | House
elections

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1941 |

24 / 24

| N/A  | Won  | Manuel Quezon |

95 / 98

|  3  | Won  | 1941
1946 |

6 / 16

|  3  | Lost  | Manuel Roxas |

35 / 98

|  60  | Lost  | 1946
1947 |

2 / 8

|  4  | Lost
1949 |

0 / 8

|  4  | Lost  | Elpidio Quirino |

33 / 100

|  2  | Lost  | 1949
1951 |

9 / 9

|  8  | Won
1953 |

5 / 8

|  2  | Won  | Ramon Magsaysay |

31 / 102

|  2  | Won  | 1953
1955 |

9 / 9

|  6  | Won
1957 |

6 / 8

|  1  | Won  | Carlos P. Garcia |

82 / 102

|  51  | Won  | 1957
1959 |

5 / 8

|  1  | Won
1961 |

2 / 8

|  4  | Lost  | Diosdado Macapagal |

74 / 104

|  8  | Won  | 1961
1963 |

4 / 8

|  2  | Majority
1965 |

5 / 8

|  1  | Won  | Ferdinand E. Marcos |

38 / 104

|  36  | Lost  | 1965
1967 |

6 / 8

|  4  | Won
1969 |

6 / 8

|  2  | Won  |

88 / 110

|  50  | Won  | 1969
1971 |

3 / 8

|  1  | Won

#### 1987–present

[edit]

Senate election  | Senate Seats won  |  | Result  | House elections  | House Seats won  | +/–  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1987 | Participated under
Grand Alliance for Democracy | N/A  | Minority  | 1987 |

4 / 200

|  2  | Minority
1992 |

0 / 24

|  2  | Lost  | 1992 |

7 / 200

|  3  | Majority
1995 | Did not participate  |  | —  | 1995 |

1 / 204

|  6  | Majority
1998 | Did not participate  |  | —  | 1998 |

0 / 258

|  1  | Lost
2001 |

0 / 24

|  | Lost  | 2001 | Did not participate  |  | —
2004 | Did not participate  |  | —  | 2004 |

2 / 261

|  2  | Majority
2007 |

3 / 24

|  3  | Majority  | 2007 |

11 / 270

|  9  | Majority
2010 |

4 / 24

|  1  | Split  | 2010 |

25 / 286

| 14  | Split
2013 |

5 / 24

|  1  | Majority  | 2013 |

10 / 292

|  15  | Majority
2016 |

3 / 24

|  2  | Split  | 2016 |

24 / 297

|  14  | Majority
2019 |

4 / 24

|  1  | Majority  | 2019 |

42 / 304

|  18  | Majority
2022 |

4 / 24

|  | Split  | 2022 |

36 / 316

|  6  | Split
2025 |

4 / 24

|  0  | Split  | 2025 |

21 / 317

|  15  | Split

#### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Laurel stood under the banner of the multi-party electoral alliance UNIDO.
2. ^ Nacionalista Party members Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes stood as independent candidates without the party's endorsement; all lost.

## Independent Nacionalista

[edit]

Independent Nacionalista, or denoted as "Nacionalista (independent)" on candidate lists, refers to politicians who had aligned themselves with the Nacionalista, but did not win its nomination or ran under its label. This was used during the Third Philippine Republic, which had a two-party system. In the current Fifth Republic and under the multi-party system, candidates are no longer identified by this manner.

## Notable Nacionalistas

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the Nacionalista Party

### Past

[edit]

Politics of the Philippines

Government

* Constitution of the Philippines

* Charter Change

* * *

* Laws
* Legal codes
* Taxation

Executive

* President of the Philippines

* Bongbong Marcos (PFP)

* Vice President of the Philippines

* Sara Duterte (HNP)

* * *

* Cabinet (lists)
* Executive departments

* Local government

Legislature

* Congress of the Philippines

* 20th Congress

* * *

* Senate

* President Francis Escudero (NPC)

* * *

* House of Representatives

* Speaker Martin Romualdez (Lakas)

* Districts
* Party-list representation

* * *

* Bangsamoro Parliament
* Provincial boards
* City councils
* Municipal councils
* Barangay councils

Judiciary

* Supreme Court of the Philippines

* Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo

* * *

* Court of Appeals
* Court of Tax Appeals
* Sandiganbayan
* Ombudsman
* Regional Trial Courts
* Barangay justice

Constitutional commissions

* Civil Service Commission

* Chairperson Marilyn Barua-Yap

* * *

* Commission on Audit

* Chairperson Gamaliel Cordoba

* * *

* Commission on Elections

* Chairperson George Garcia

Elections

* General
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* Barangay
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* Referendums

Political parties

* Akbayan
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Administrative divisions

* Capital
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* poblaciones
* sitios
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Related topics

* Foreign relations
* Human rights

Philippines portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

Throughout their careers, many of the country's politicians, statesmen and leaders were in whole or in part Nacionalistas. Notable names include the following:

Presidents

* Manuel L. Quezon (2nd President)
* José P. Laurel[121] (3rd President)
* Sergio Osmeña (4th President)
* Manuel Roxas[122] (5th President, won as Liberal)
* Elpidio Quirino[123] (6th President, won as Liberal)
* Ramon Magsaysay (7th President)
* Carlos P. Garcia (8th President)
* Ferdinand Marcos[124] (10th President)
* Joseph Estrada[125] (13th President, as PMP)
* Rodrigo Duterte[126] (16th President, won as PDP)
* Bongbong Marcos[127] (17th President, won as PFP)

Vice Presidents

* Fernando Lopez (3rd and 7th vice president under Elpidio Quirino and Ferdinand Marcos)
* Emmanuel Pelaez (6th vice president under Diosdado Macapagal)
* Salvador Laurel (8th vice president and 5th and last prime minister under President Corazon Aquino)

Senators

* Antonio de las Alas
* Juan B. Alegre
* Alejandro Almendras
* Alauya Alonto
* Domocao Alonto
* Jose Altavas
* Magnolia Antonino
* Melecio Arranz
* José María Arroyo
* Benigno Aquino Sr.
* José Avelino
* Dominador Aytona
* Sotero Baluyut
* Antonio Belo
* Helena Z. Benitez
* Manuel Briones
* Nicolas Buendia
* Hadji Butu
* Tomas Cabili
* Aquilino Calvo
* Manuel Camus
* Nicolás Capistrano
* Alan Peter Cayetano
* Edmundo B. Cea
* José Clarín
* Hermogenes Concepcion
* Tomás Confesor
* Mariano Jesús Cuenco
* Alejandro de Guzmán
* Bernabé de Guzmán
* Ceferino de Leon
* Miriam Defensor-Santiago
* Francisco Afan Delgado
* Vicente de Vera
* Jose W. Diokno
* Ramón Diokno
* Francisco Enage
* Juan Ponce Enrile
* Rene Espina
* Eva Estrada-Kalaw
* Ramon J. Fernandez
* Santiago Fonacier
* José Fuentebella
* Isauro Gabaldón
* Juan Gaerlan
* Troadio Galicano
* Rodolfo Ganzon
* Tomás Gómez
* Matías González
* Espiridión Guanco
* Mario Guariña
* Pedro Guevara
* Pedro Hernaez
* Ludovico Hidrosollo
* Domingo Imperial
* Leoncio Imperial
* Isaac Lacson
* Wenceslao Lagumbay
* Sotero Laurel
* Jose Ledesma
* Oscar Ledesma
* Roseller T. Lim
* Francisco Tongio Liongson
* José Locsín
* Manuel López
* Joaquin Luna
* Alejo Mabanag
* Ernesto Maceda
* Pacita Madrigal-Warns
* Vicente Madrigal
* Genaro Magsaysay
* Gil Montilla
* Ruperto Montinola
* Juan Nolasco
* Blas Ople
* Camilo Osías
* José Ozámiz
* Rafael Palma
* Quintín Paredes
* Leonardo B. Perez
* Cipriano Primicias Sr.
* Gil Puyat
* Vicente Rama
* Esteban de la Rama
* Claro M. Recto
* Ralph Recto
* Isabelo de los Reyes
* Francisco Soc Rodrigo
* Celestino Rodriguez
* Eulogio Rodriguez
* Pedro Rodríguez
* José E. Romero
* Decoroso Rosales
* Jose J. Roy
* Pedro Sabido
* Pastor Salazar
* Lope K. Santos
* Proceso Sebastian
* Esteban Singson
* Balabaran Sinsuat
* Pedro María Sison
* Teófilo Sison
* Antero Soriano
* Francisco Soriano
* Filemon Sotto
* Juan Sumulong
* Lorenzo Sumulong
* Mamintal A.J. Tamano
* Emiliano Tria Tirona
* Potenciano Treñas
* Antonio Trillanes
* Juan Torralba
* Arturo Tolentino
* Ramon Torres
* Jose Maria Veloso
* Jose O. Vera
* Juan Villamor
* Francisco Felipe Villanueva
* Hermenegildo Villanueva
* José Yulo
* Mariano Yulo
* Francisco Zulueta
* Jose Zulueta

### Others

[edit]

* Carlos M. Padilla (former Representative of the Lone District of Nueva Vizcaya and Governor of Nueva Vizcaya)
* Roque Ablan Jr. (former Representative of Ilocos Norte's 1st District)
* Norberto S. Amoranto (5th Mayor of Quezon City)
* Galicano Apacible (former Governor of Batangas)
* Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. (former Governor of Tarlac, became Senator under the Nacionalista's rival Liberal)
* Jose Aspiras (former Representative of La Union's 2nd District)
* Sergio Bayan (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Fortunato Borbon (former Governor of Batangas)
* Pablo Borbon (former Governor of Batangas)
* Bartolome C. Cabangbang (former Representative of Bohol's 2nd district)
* Vicente J. Caedo (former Governor of Batangas)
* Marc Douglas Cagas IV (former Governor of Davao del Sur)
* Antonio Carpio (former Governor of Batangas)
* Costancio Castañeda (former Representative of Tarlac's 2nd district)
* Modesto Castillo (former Governor of Batangas)
* Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. (former Representative of Tarlac's 1st district and Governor of Tarlac)
* Pablo Cuneta (former Mayor of Pasay)
* Jose Delgado (former Governor and Mayor of Cebu )
* Antonio Diaz (former Representative of Zambales' Lone district)
* Vicente Duterte (former Governor of Davao)
* Nicolas Gonzales (former Governor of Batangas)
* León Guinto (former Governor of Quezon(Tayabas) and 11th Mayor of Manila)
* Eduardo Gullas (former Representative of Cebu's 1st District and Governor of Cebu)
* Adriano Hernández y Dayot (former Governor of Iloilo)
* Maximo Malvar (former Governor of Batangas)
* Placido L. Mapa (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Ramon P. Mitra Sr. (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Francisco "Isko" Moreno Domagoso (27th Mayor of Manila, was a member of Nacionalista during his term as Vice Mayor from 2010 to 2013)
* Vicente Noble (former Governor of Batangas)
* Juan G. Nolasco (9th Mayor of Manila)
* Arsenio Lacson (15th Mayor of Manila)
* Luis L. Lardizabal (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Jose Laurel Jr. (9th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and Representative of Batangas' 3rd district)
* Jose C. Laurel IV (former Governor of Batangas)
* Feliciano Leviste (former Governor of Batangas)
* Elias B. Lopez (former Mayor of Davao City)
* Vicente Lukbán (former Governor of Tayabas)
* Mariano Melendres (5th Governor of Rizal)
* Carmen Planas (former Vice Mayor of Manila)
* Miguel Raffiñan (former Representative of Cebu's 6th District and Mayor of Cebu City)
* Francisco Remotigue (former Governor of Cebu)
* Osmundo Rama (former Governor of Cebu)
* Jonvic Remulla (Incumbent Governor of Cavite, was a member of Nacionalista during his first term)
* Benjamin Romualdez (former Governor of Leyte)
* Adelina Santos Rodriguez (6th Mayor of Quezon City)
* Isidro Rodriguez (18th Governor of Rizal)
* Jose V. Rodriguez (former Representative of Cebu's 7th District and Mayor of Cebu City)
* Ignacio Santiago Sr. (former Governor of Bulacan)
* Alejo Santos (World War II Veteran, former Representative of Bulacan's 2nd District and former Governor of Bulacan
* Pablo Gomez Sarino (former Mayor of Bacoor, Cavite, was a member of Nacionalista as a municipal councilor)
* Isidro Siapno (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Chavit Singson (former Governor of Ilocos Sur and Mayor of Narvacan)
* Manuel C. Sotto (former Vice Mayor of Davao City
* Alfonso Tabora (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Nicasio S. Valderossa (former Mayor of Baguio)
* Pío Valenzuela (former Governor of Bulacan)
* Braulio de Villa (former Governor of Batangas)
* Nemesio Yabut (7th Mayor of Makati)
* Bienvenido R. Yandoc (former Mayor of Baguio)

Most of these individuals embody solid political traditions of economic and political nationalism are pertinent today, even with the party's subsequent decline.

### Current party officials

[edit]

Some members of the House of Representatives and Senate include—but are not limited to—the following:

* Manuel Villar (former Senate President), Party President
* Cynthia Villar (former Senator), Party Chairman
* Mark Aguilar Villar (current Senator) Secretary-General
* Jose Espinosa III (former Mayor of Iloilo City) Nacionalista Chairman of Iloilo City
* Robert "Ace" Barbers (current Representative from Surigao del Norte), Spokesperson
* Imee Marcos (current Senator)
* Matthew Marcos Manotoc (current Governor of Ilocos Norte)
* Emmylou Taliño-Mendoza (current Governor of Cotabato)
* Jose I. Tejada (current Representative from North Cotabato)

## Nacionalista-affiliated parties

[edit]

* PDP–Laban (until 2024)
* Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
* Lakas–CMD
* National Unity Party
* United Bangsamoro Justice Party
* People's Reform Party
* Alyansa – Davao del Sur and Davao Occidental
* Alayon – Cebu
* Bileg\- Ilocos Sur
* Kugi Uswag Sugbo – Cebu City
* Partido Magdalo – Cavite
* PaDayon Pilipino – Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro
* Paglaum Party\- Negros Occidental
* Fuerza Zamboanga – Zamboanga City
* One Batangas – Batangas

## Candidates for Philippine general elections

[edit]

### 2010

[edit]

Main article: 2010 Philippine general election

#### Presidential ticket

[edit]

* Manuel Villar – presidential candidate (lost)
* Loren Legarda – vice presidential candidate (lost)

#### For senator

[edit]

* Pia Cayetano (won)
* Bongbong Marcos (won)
* Liza Maza (lost)
* Ramon Mitra III (lost)
* Satur Ocampo (lost)
* Susan Ople (lost)
* Gwen Pimentel (lost)
* Ariel Querubin (lost)
* Gilbert Remulla (lost)
* Adel Tamano (lost)
* Miriam Defensor Santiago (won)

### 2013

[edit]

Main article: 2013 Philippine general election

#### For senator

[edit]

All members ran under the administration coalition, Team PNoy.

* Cynthia Villar (won)
* Alan Peter Cayetano (won)
* Antonio Trillanes (won)

### 2016

[edit]

Main article: 2016 Philippine general election

#### For vice president

[edit]

Three members ran for vice president albeit as independent candidates.

* Alan Peter Cayetano (lost)
* Bongbong Marcos (lost)
* Antonio Trillanes (lost)

#### For senator

[edit]

* Susan Ople (guest candidate of United Nationalist Alliance and Partido ng Galing at Puso) (lost)

### 2019

[edit]

Main article: 2019 Philippine general election

#### For senator

[edit]

All candidates ran under the administration coalition, Hugpong ng Pagbabago.

* Pia Cayetano (won)
* Imee Marcos (won)
* Cynthia Villar (won)

### 2022

[edit]

Main article: 2022 Philippine general election

#### For senator

[edit]

* Mark Villar (won)

### 2025

[edit]

Main article: 2025 Philippine general election

#### For senator

[edit]

All candidates ran under the administration coalition, Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas.

* Pia Cayetano (won)
* Camille Villar (won)

Running for Senator albeit as independent candidate

* Imee Marcos (won)
* Ariel Querubin (lost)

## Current members in the 19th Congress

[edit]

### Senate

[edit]

Main article: 19th Congress of the Philippines

* Cynthia Villar
* Imee Marcos
* Pia Cayetano
* Mark Villar
* Koko Pimentel

### House of Representatives

[edit]

#### District Representatives

[edit]

* Arjo Atayde
* Angelo Marcos Barba
* Robert Ace Barbers
* Ferjenel Biron
* Lianda Bolilia
* Anna York Bondoc
* Eric Buhain
* John Tracy Cagas
* Rodolfo Caoagdan
* Ricardo Cruz Jr.
* Arnold Celeste
* Maximo Dalog Jr.
* Nelson Dayanghirang
* Yevgeny Emano
* Ed Christopher Go
* Marquez Go
* Michael Gorriceta
* Teodorico Haresco Jr.
* Eleandro Madrona
* Oscar Malapitan
* Allen Jesse Mangaoang
* Marvey Mariño
* Ando Oaminal
* Khymer Adan Olaso
* Mohamad Tong Paglas
* Ralph Recto
* Laarni Roque
* Stephen James Tan
* Jose Tejada
* Raul Tupas
* Camille Villar
* Maria Amparo Zamora

#### Partylist allies

[edit]

* Ronnie Ong (Ang Probinsyano)
* Naealla Rose Bainto-Aguinaldo (Bahay)
* Michael Edgar Aglipay (DIWA)
* Sharon Garin (AAMBIS-OWA)
* Rico Geron (AGAP)
* Irene Gay Saulog (Kalinga)
* Allan Ty (LPGMA)
* Francisco Datol Jr. (Senior Citizen)

## Nacionalista Party presidents

[edit]

Term  | Name

|

1907–1935 | Sergio Osmeña
1935–1944 | Manuel L. Quezon
1944–1953 | Sergio Osmeña
1953–1964 | Eulogio Rodriguez
1964–1970 | Gil Puyat
1970–1986 | Jose Roy
1986–2003 | Salvador Laurel
2003–present | Manny Villar

## See also

[edit]

* Filipino nationalism
* List of political parties in the Philippines
* Liberal Party (Philippines)
* Progressive Party (Philippines)
* Nationalist People's Coalition

## References

[edit]

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71. ^ "'Sunshine Coalition' bubuwagin sa 13th Congress". Philstar.com. June 10, 2004. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
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74. ^ "Necro rites for Laurel today". Philstar.com. February 1, 2004. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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76. ^ Villanueva, Marichu A. (February 1, 2007). "United opposition comes up with 5 Senate slates". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
77. ^ Punongbayan, Michael (February 12, 2007). "Opposition finalizes lineup". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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79. ^ "Villar una sa survey". Philstar.com. November 18, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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82. ^ Mejia, Gab (October 18, 2019). "Environmentalism is a right, not a privilege". The Manila Times. The Manila Times Publishing Corp. Retrieved October 8, 2020. "... Manuel 'Manny' Villar, who ran for president in 2010 with his infamous political jingle: 'Nakaligo ka na ba sa dagat ng basura?'"
83. ^ Pe, Roger (April 9, 2010). "Which political ad lines strike you the most?". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Inquirer Group of Companies. p. B2-1. Retrieved October 8, 2020. "Kids are singing Manny Villar's anthem song, "Nakaligo ka na ba sa dagat ng basura" with gusto and, alas, surprisingly remembering the lyrics."
84. ^ De Asis, Camille; Lim, Ivan; Tare, Mark; Poe, Angela (May 17, 2010). "Joke the vote, pun the bets". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved October 8, 2020. "On Facebook, fan pages poked fun at the presidential candidates. One of the most popular was the anti-Villar fan page called 'Sige MANNY VILLAR ikaw na ang MAHIRAP.' It has enrolled 126,082 members."
85. ^ Señeres, Roy (March 28, 2010). "Kahirapan at kurakutan". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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108. ^ Sy, Marvin (October 15, 2015). "Miriam picks Bongbong". www.philstar.com. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
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112. ^ Patag, Kristine Joy (October 5, 2021). "Bongbong Marcos announces bid for presidency". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
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121. ^ Laurel was member of the NP before 1942 and from 1945 to 1959. During his tenure as President, he was affiliated with KALIBAPI.
122. ^ During the 1946 presidential election, Roxas, who is a member of the liberal-wing of the NP, formed the Liberal Party and eventually moved there.
123. ^ Moved to the Liberal Party during the 1946 presidential election.
124. ^ In 1978, Marcos left the NP and formed his own political party known as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
125. ^ Estrada was a member of the NP during his term as Mayor of San Juan and Senator. In 1991, he formed his own party known as the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).
126. ^ Duterte was a member of the NP during his term as Mayor of Davao City, Duterte left the party in 1998, when he joined LAMMP. He won the presidency in 2016 under PDP–Laban and formed the Coalition for Change with NP.
127. ^ Marcos was a member of NP during his term as Senator until 2016. He left the party and joined Partido Federal ng Pilipinas(PFP), which he became a chairman of the party.

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