Nakoda people

First Nations people in Western Canada

Nakota / Nakoda // Îyârhe[1]
"ally / friend" // "mountain"

Person| Îyethka[2]
People| Îyethkabi
(Îyethka Oyade)
Language| Îyethka Îabi / wîchoîe
Îyethka Wowîhâ[3]
Country| Îyethka Makóce
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth greet chieftains of the Nakoda, who have brought a photo of Queen Victoria, during the 1939 royal tour of Canada. The treaties were originally signed by representatives of the Crown acting in Queen Victoria's name. Stoney language area Blue Bird, Nakoda girl

The Nakoda (also known as Stoney, Îyârhe Nakoda, or Stoney Nakoda) are an Indigenous people in Western Canada and the United States.

Their territory used to be large parts of what is now Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana,[4] but their reserves are now in Alberta and in Saskatchewan, where they are rarely differentiated from the Assiniboine.

They refer to themselves in their language as Nakoda, meaning 'friend, ally'. The name Stoney was given to them by Anglophone explorers, because of their technique of using fire-heated rocks to boil broth in rawhide bowls.[citation needed] They are very closely related to the Assiniboine, who are also known as Stone Sioux (from Ojibwe: asinii-bwaan).

The Nakoda First Nation in Alberta comprises three bands: Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney.[5]

The Stoney were "excluded" from Banff National Park between 1890 and 1920.[6] In 2010 they were officially "welcomed back".[7]

## Nakoda groups

[edit]

Moccasins from the Stoney Nakoda First Nation, circa 1905

The Nakoda are descendants of individual bands of the Assiniboine, from whom they spun out as an independent group in about 1744.[citation needed] The Nakoda was divided geographically and culturally into two tribal groups or divisions with different dialects, which in turn were further divided into several bands:[8][9]

Wood Stoney (Chan Tonga Nakoda – 'Big Woods People', often called Swampy Ground Assiniboine, northern tribal group)

* Alexis' band (Stoney, Métis, Woodland Cree)
* Paul's band (Danezaa, Stoney, Woodland Cree, Iroquois)

Mountain Stoney (Ye Xa Yabine Nakoda or Hebina – 'Rock Mountain People', often called Strong Wood Assiniboine, Thickwood Assiniboine, southern tribal group)

* Sharphead's band (Chipos Ostikwan's Nakoda, Wolf Creek Stoney, or Pigeon Lake Stoney, often called Plains Assiniboine) (Stoney, Métis)
* Stoney Nakoda First Nation, Comprising the three following bands:
1. Wesley's (Goodstoney's) band (Stoney, Plains Cree, Métis)
2. Chiniki's band (Métis, Stoney, Plains Cree)
3. Bearspaw's band (Stoney, Cree)

## Treaties

[edit]

Members of the Nakoda nations of Paul and Alexis signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 in 1877.

In 1877, representatives of the Nakoda Nations of Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney met with representatives of the British Crown to discuss the terms of Treaty 7.[10] In exchange for the use of traditional lands, the Crown agreed to honour their right to self-government and an ancestral way of life. They were also promised reserve lands, 279 km2 situated along the Bow River between the Kananaskis River and the Ghost River, which became the Big Horn, Stoney, and Eden Valley reserves, shared between the Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney tribes.

## See also

[edit]

* Sioux language
* Nakota
* First Nations in Alberta
* List of Indian reserves in Alberta

## Further reading

[edit]

* John Snow, Chief:[11] These Mountains Are Our Sacred Places. The Story of the Stoney People. Univ of Toronto Press, 1977; Dundurn 1994; Fitzhenry & Whiteside 2006

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Mountain". Stoney Nakoda Dictionary Online. Stoney Education Authority. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
2. ^ "Stoney Nakoda". Stoney Nakoda Dictionary Online. Stoney Education Authority. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
3. ^ "wowîhâ". Stoney Nakoda Dictionary Online. Stoney Education Authority. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
4. ^ "Stoney Nation: Our History". Stoney Nation Website. Stoney Nation. Retrieved 2009-06-12. [dead link]
5. ^ "Bearspaw, Chiniki, Wesley Nakoda Nations (Stoney)". Treaty 7 Management Corporation. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
6. ^ Binnema, Theodore (Ted); Niemi, Melanie (October 2006). "'Let the Line Be Drawn Now': Wilderness, Conservation, and the Exclusion of Aboriginal People from Banff National Park in Canada". Environmental History. 11 (4): 724–750\. JSTOR 3985800.
7. ^ The Stoney Nakoda Nation is welcomed back to Banff National Park | First Nations in British Columbia Portal[usurped]
8. ^ Raymond DeMallie, William Sturtevant: Handbook of North American Indians: Plains, ISBN 978-0-16-050400-6, pp. 596–603
9. ^ "Northwest Plains History". Heritage Database Counseling. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
10. ^ "Articles of Treaty No. 7". Treaty 7 Management Corporation. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
11. ^ January 29, 1933 – June 15, 2006; Book-Excerpt

* v
* t
* e

First Nations in Alberta

Cultural areas: Plains, Subarctic

Ethnolinguistic groups (by language family)|

* Algic / Algonquian
* Blackfoot
* Cree
* Plains
* Woodland
* Saulteaux
* Athapascan / Dene
* Daneẕaa
* Dënesųłı̨ne
* Dene Tha'
* Tsuut'ina
* Siouan
* Nakoda

Historical polities|

* Blackfoot Confederacy
* Iron Confederacy

Numbered Treaties|

* Treaty 6 (1876)
* Treaty 7 (1877)
* Treaty 8 (1899)

Tribal councils and
band governments|

| Athabasca Tribal Council (Fort McMurray)|

* Athabasca Chipewyan
* Chipewyan Prairie
* Fort McKay
* Fort McMurray
* Mikisew Cree

|

Blackfoot Confederacy (Standoff)|

* Kainai
* Piikani
* Siksika

Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations (Enoch)|

* Alexander
* Alexis
* Beaver Lake Cree
* Cold Lake
* Enoch Cree
* Ermineskin Cree
* Frog Lake
* Whitefish Lake (Goodfish)
* Heart Lake
* Kehewin Cree
* Louis Bull
* Montana
* O'Chiese
* Paul
* Saddle Lake
* Samson Cree
* Sunchild

Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council (Atikameg)|

* Loon River Cree
* Lubicon Lake Band
* Peerless Trout
* Whitefish Lake (Atikameg)
* Woodland Cree

Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (Slave Lake)|

* Driftpile
* Kapawe'no
* Sawridge
* Sucker Creek
* Swan River

North Peace Tribal Council (High Level)|

* Beaver
* Dene Tha'
* Little Red River Cree
* Tallcree

Stoney Nakoda - Tsuut'ina Tribal Council (Tsuut'ina)|

* Stoney Nakoda
* Bearspaw
* Chiniki
* Wesley
* Tsuut'ina

Tribal Chiefs Ventures (Beaver Lake Cree)|

* Beaver Lake Cree
* Cold Lake
* Frog Lake
* Heart Lake
* Kehewin Cree

Western Cree Tribal Council (Valleyview)|

* Duncan's
* Horse Lake
* Sturgeon Lake

Yellowhead Tribal Council (Morinville)|

* Alexander
* Alexis
* O'Chiese
* Sunchild

Unaffiliated|

* Bigstone

Not federally recognized|

* Aseniwuche Winewak
* Lubicon Lake Indian Nation

Not headquartered in Alberta|

* Acho Dene Koe (NT)
* Kelly Lake (BC)
* Onion Lake (SK)
* Smith's Landing (NT)

Terminated|

* Papaschase (1891)
* Sharphead (1897)
* Michel (1958)

* List of Indian reserves in Alberta
* Métis in Alberta

* v
* t
* e

Canadian Rockies

Ranges|

* Ball
* Bare
* Beaverfoot
* Blue
* Bow
* Crowsnest
* Elk
* Fairholme
* Fiddle
* Flathead
* Foothills
* High Rock
* Kananaskis
* Livingstone
* Lizard
* Maligne
* Massive
* Misty
* Morrissey
* Palliser
* President
* Queen Elizabeth
* Rainbow
* Ram
* Sawback
* Sentinel
* Slate
* South Jasper
* Sundance
* Terminal
* Tower of London
* Vermilion
* Victoria Cross
* Waputik
* Winston Churchill
* Continental Ranges
* Hart Ranges
* Muskwa Ranges

Mountains|

* Alberta
* Andromeda
* Assiniboine
* Athabasca
* Brazeau
* Bryce
* Cascade
* Castle
* Castleguard
* Clemenceau
* Columbia
* Cory
* Edith Cavell
* Forbes
* Hector
* Hosmer
* Hungabee
* Joffre
* Kitchener
* Lyell
* Heart
* Pilot
* Pyramid
* Resplendent
* Robson
* Rundle
* Sarbach
* Saskatchewan
* Smythe
* Snow Dome
* Stanley Peak
* Sulphur
* Temple
* Three Sisters
* Trinity
* Twin
* Ulysses
* Unnamed Alberta–BC mountain (formerly Mount Pétain)
* Whymper

Passes|

* Abbot
* Athabasca
* Bush
* Carcajou
* Crowsnest
* Elbow
* Elk
* Fortress
* Fraser
* Highwood
* Howse
* Jarvis
* Kananaskis
* Kicking Horse
* Monkman
* Muncho
* North Kananaskis
* Palliser
* Pine
* Simpson
* Sinclair
* Summit
* Sunwapta
* Tonquin
* Vermilion
* Wapiti
* White Man
* Yellowhead

Glaciers|

* Athabasca
* Bow
* Columbia Icefield
* Crowfoot
* Hector
* Peyto
* Saskatchewan
* Vulture
* Wapta
* Waputik Icefield

Rivers|

see List of rivers of the Canadian Rockies and Category:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies

Peoples|

* Mountain Stoney
* Mountain Metis

Parks and
protected areas|

| International|

* Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site
* Waterton Biosphere Reserve
* Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park

|

National|

Parks
Banff
Jasper
Kootenay
Yoho
Waterton Lakes

Historic Sites
Jasper House
Jasper Park Information Centre
Yellowhead Pass
Athabasca Pass
Howse Pass
Kootenae House
Kicking Horse Pass
Skoki Ski Lodge
Twin Falls Tea House
Abbot Pass Refuge Cabin
Cave and Basin
Banff Park Museum
Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station
First Oil Well in Western Canada

Provincial (AB)|

Parks
Bow Valley
Bragg Creek
Elbow-Sheep
Ghost River
Kananaskis
Peter Lougheed
Sheep River
Siffleur
Spray Valley
White Goat
Willmore

Historic Sites
Frank Slide

Provincial (BC)|

* Akamina-Kishinena
* Close To The Edge
* Dune Za Keyih (Frog-Gataga)
* Elk Lakes
* Graham-Laurier
* Hamber
* Height of the Rockies
* Hole-in-the-Wall
* Kakwa
* Kikomun Creek
* Kwadacha
* Mount Assiniboine
* Mount Fernie
* Mount Robson
* Muncho Lake
* Northern Rocky Mountains
* Pine Le Moray
* Stone Mountain
* Muskwa-Kechika

Ski resorts|

* Castle Mountain
* Fernie
* Fortress Mountain
* Lake Louise
* Little Mac
* Marmot Basin
* Mount Norquay
* Nakiska
* Powder King
* Sunshine Village

Communities|

* Banff
* Canmore
* Crowsnest Pass
* Elkford
* Fernie
* Field
* Jasper
* Lake Louise
* Sparwood
* Tumbler Ridge
* Valemount
* Waterton Park

Ecozone and
ecoregions|

CEC ecozones

* Boreal Cordillera
* Montane Cordillera

WWF ecoregions

* Alberta Mountain forests
* Alberta–British Columbia foothills forests
* North Central Rockies forest

See also
Geography portal
Canada portal
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template