Names of God in Islam

Names or attributes applied to Allah

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Allah
(God in Islam)

Allah, Jal-la Jalalu-hu
in Arabic calligraphy

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* Tasbih (Subhan Allah)
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* Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un
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* Be, and it is

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* Shirk (polytheism)
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* Inshallah
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Names of God in Islam (Arabic: أَسْمَاءُ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ, romanized: ʾasmāʾu llāhi l-ḥusnā, lit. 'Allah's Beautiful Names') are 99 names that each contain Attributes of God in Islam,[1][2][3][4][5][6] which are implied by the respective names.[7]

These names usually denote his praise, gratitude, commendation, glorification, magnification, perfect attributes, majestic qualities, and acts of wisdom, mercy, benefit, and justice from Allah, as believed by Muslims. These names are commonly called upon by Muslims during prayers, supplications, and remembrance, as they hold significant spiritual and theological importance, serving as a means for Muslims to connect with God. Each name reflects a specific attribute of Allah and serves as a means for believers to understand and relate to the Divine.

Some names are known from either the Qur’an or the hadith, while others can be found in both sources, although most are found in the Qur’an.[8] Additionally, Muslims also believe that there are more names of God besides those found in the Qur'an and hadith and that God has kept knowledge of these names hidden with himself, and no one else knows them completely and fully except him.

## List of names

[edit]

Different sources give different lists of the 99 names. The most commonly known list is based on the one found in the Jamiʿ at-Tirmidhi (9th century) that was narrated by al-Walid ibn Muslim, which is the most commonly known.[9] However, al-Tirmidhi comments on his list: "This (version of the) hadith is gharib [unusual]; it has been narrated from various routes on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, but we do not know of the mention of the Names in the numerous narrations, except this one." Other hadiths, such as those of al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Ibn Majah, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi or Ibn ʿAsākir, have variant lists. Various early Muslim exegetes, including Jaʿfar al-Sadiq, Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, Ibn Hazm, al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, have given their own versions of lists of 99 names.

### al-Tirmidhi's list

[edit]

Pronunciation | Classical Arabic

(Quranic/ classical written forms)[10]

| Romanization | Translation | Reference

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|
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1ⓘ |  اَلرَّحْمَـٰنِ | ar-Raḥmān  | The Most Merciful (in major affairs)/[11] The Beneficent/ All-Compassionate/ Most Gracious/ | Quran: Beginning of every Surah (chapter) except one, and numerous other places. The first Ayah (verse) of Surah ar-Raḥman (Surah 55) consists only of this name.
2ⓘ | اَلرَّحِيْمُ | ar-Raḥīm | The Most Merciful/ Ever-Merciful/ Merciful/ Most Clement (in specific or detailed affairs).[11] | Quran: Beginning of every Surah except one, and numerous other places.
3ⓘ | اَلْمَلِكُ | al-Malik | The King/ Lord/ Sovereign/ Dominion/ Master/Possessor of the Throne of God.[12]

[also means "the God/ Lord, the One and Only", "Possessor of Supreme Power or Authority"]

| [Quran 59:23]
4ⓘ | اَلْقُدُّوسُ | al-Quddūs  | The Holy/ All-Holy/ All-Pure/ Sacred/ All-Sacred | [Quran 62:1]
5ⓘ | ٱلسَّلَامُ | as-Salām  | The Giver of Peace/ Peace/ All-Calm/ Ever-Tranquil | [Quran 59:23]
6ⓘ | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ | al-Muʾmin  | The Granter of Security/ the Giver/ Faith/ Supreme Believer (of Belief)/ Giver of Belief/ All-Assurer | [Quran 59:23]
7ⓘ | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ | al-Muhaymin | The Controller/ Absolute Authority Over All/ Guardian Over All/ Absolute Master/ Eternal Dominating | [Quran 59:23]
8ⓘ | ٱلْعَزِيزُ | al-ʿAzīz  | The Exalted in Might and Power/ Exalted/ Powerful/ Almighty/ Mighty | [Quran 3:6], [Quran 4:158],[Quran 9:40], [Quran 48:7], [Quran 59:23]
9ⓘ | ٱلْجَبَّارُ | al-Jabbār  | The Omnipotent/ Supreme Power/ Possessor of Having All Power/ Strong | [Quran 59:23]
10ⓘ | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ | al-Mutakabbir | The Possessor of Greatness/ Supreme/ Justly Proud | [Quran 59:23]
11ⓘ | ٱلْخَالِقُ | al-Khāliq  | The Creator/ Creator of the Universe/ Maker/ True Originator/ Absolute Author | [Quran 6:102], [Quran 13:16], [Quran 36:81], [Quran 40:62], [Quran 59:24]
12ⓘ | ٱلْبَارِئُ | al-Bāriʾ  | The Initiator/ Evolver/ Eternal Spirit Worshipped By All, Have Absolute Power Over All Matters, Nature and Events | [Quran 59:24]
13ⓘ | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ | al-Muṣawwir  | The Fashioner/ Shaper/ Designer/ Artist | [Quran 59:24]
14ⓘ | ٱلْغَفَّارُ | al-Ghaffār  | The Repeatedly Forgiving/ Absolute Forgiver/ Pardoner/ Condoner

[He Who is Ready to Pardon and Forgive]

| [Quran 38:66], [Quran 39:5], [Quran 40:42], [Quran 71:10]
15ⓘ | ٱلْقَهَّارُ | al-Qahhār  | The Subduer/ Overcomer/ Conqueror/ Absolute Vanquisher

[Possessor of Who Subdues Evil and Oppression]

| 12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16
16ⓘ | ٱلْوَهَّابُ | al-Wahhāb | The Absolute Bestower/ Giver/ Grantor/ Great Donor | 38:9, 38:35
17ⓘ | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ | ar-Razzāq  | The Provider/ Sustainer/ Bestower of Sustenance/ All-Provider | 51:58
18ⓘ | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ | al-Fattāḥ  | The Opener/ Opener of the Gates of Profits/ Reliever/ The Victory Giver | 34:26
19ⓘ | ٱلْعَلِيمُ | al-ʿAlīm  | The Knowing/ All-Knower/ Omniscient/ All-Knowledgeable/ Possessor of Knowing Much of Ever Thing/ All-Knowing | 2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40
20ⓘ | ٱلْقَابِضُ | al-Qābiḍ  | The Restrainer/ Withholder/ Straightener/ Absolute Seizer | 2:245
21ⓘ | ٱلْبَاسِطُ | al-Bāsiṭ  | The Extender/ Expander/ Generous Provider | 2:245
22ⓘ | ٱلْخَافِضُ | al-Khāfiḍ  | The Abaser/ Humiliator/ Downgrader [Possessor of Giving Comfort, Free from Pain Anxiety or Troubles] | 56:3; al-Kafʿamī (1992:38)
23ⓘ | ٱلرَّافِعُ | ar-Rāfiʿ  | The Exalter/ Upgrader [of Ranks] | 58:11, 6:83
24ⓘ | ٱلْمُعِزُّ | al-Muʿizz  | The Giver of Honor/ Bestower of Honor/ Empowerer | 3:26
25ⓘ | ٱلْمُذِلُّ | al-Muḏill  | The Giver of Dishonor/ the Giver of Disgrace | 3:26
26ⓘ | ٱلسَّمِيعُ | as-Samīʿ  | The Hearing/ All-Hearing/ Hearer of Invocation | 2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1
27ⓘ | ٱلْبَصِيرُ | al-Baṣīr  | The All-Seeing/ All-Seer/ Ever-Clairvoyant/ Clear-Sighted/ Clear-Seeing | 4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27
28ⓘ | ٱلْحَكَمُ | al-Ḥakam | The Judge/ Arbitrator/ Arbiter/ All-Decree/ Possessor of Authority of Decisions and Judgment | 22:69
29ⓘ | ٱلْعَدْلُ | al-ʿAdl | The Just/ Authorized and Straightforward Judge of Dealing Justly | 6:115
30ⓘ | ٱللَّطِيفُ | al-Laṭīf  | The Gentle/ Benignant/ Subtly Kind/ All-Subtle | 22:63, 31:16, 33:34
31ⓘ | ٱلْخَبِيرُ | al-Khabīr  | The All-Aware/ Well-Acquainted/ Ever-Adept | 6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18
32ⓘ | ٱلْحَلِيمُ | al-Ḥalīm  | The Forbearing/ Indulgent/ Oft Forbearing/ All-Enduring | 2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41
33ⓘ | ٱلْعَظِيمُ | al-ʿAẓīm  | The Most Great/ Ever-Magnificent/ Most Supreme/ Exalted/ Absolute Dignified | 2:255, 42:4, 56:96
34ⓘ | ٱلْغَفُورُ | al-Ghafūr  | The Ever-Forgiving/ Oft-Forgiving | 2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32
35ⓘ | ٱلشَّكُورُ | ash-Shakūr  | The Grateful/ Appreciative/ Multiplier of Rewards | 35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17
36ⓘ | ٱلْعَلِيُّ | al-ʿAliyy  | The Sublime/ Ever-Exalted/ Supreme/ Most High/ Most Lofty | 4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51 34:23
37ⓘ | ٱلْكَبِيرُ | al-Kabīr  | The Great/ Ever-Great/ Grand/ Most Great/ Greatly Abundant of Extent, Capacity and Importance | 13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23
38ⓘ | ٱلْحَفِيظُ | al-Ḥafīz  | The Preserver/ Ever-Preserving/ All-Watching/ Protector/ Guardian/ Oft-Conservator | 11:57, 34:21, 42:6
39ⓘ | ٱلْمُقِيتُ | al-Muqīt  | The Nourisher/ Feeder | 4:85
40ⓘ | ٱلْحَسِيبُ | al-Ḥasīb  | The Bringer of Judgment/ Ever-Reckoner [the One Who Takes Account of All Matters] | 4:6, 4:86, 33:39
41ⓘ | ٱلْجَلِيلُ | al-Jalīl  | The Majestic/ Exalted/ Oft-Important/ Splendid | 55:27, 7:143
42ⓘ | ٱلْكَرِيمُ | al-Karīm  | The Noble/ Bountiful/ Generous/ Precious/ Honored/ Benefactor | 27:40, 82:6
43ⓘ | ٱلرَّقِيبُ | ar-Raqīb  | The Watchful/ Observer/ Ever-Watchful/ Watcher | 4:1, 5:117
44ⓘ | ٱلْمُجِيبُ | al-Mujīb  | The Responsive/ Answerer/ Supreme Answerer/ Accepter of Invocation | 11:61
45ⓘ | ٱلْوَاسِعُ | al-Wāsiʿ  | The Vast/ All-Embracing/ Omnipresent/ Boundless/ All-Encompassing | 2:268, 3:73, 5:54
46ⓘ | ٱلْحَكِيمُ | al-Ḥakīm  | The Wise/ Ever-Wise/ Endowed with Sound Judgment | 31:27, 46:2, 57:1, 66:2
47ⓘ | ٱلْوَدُودُ | al-Wadūd  | The Affectionate/ Ever-Affectionate/ Loving One/ Loving/ the Lover/ the One Who Tenders and Warm Hearts | 11:90, 85:14
48ⓘ | ٱلْمَجِيدُ | al-Majīd  | The All-Glorious/ Majestic/ Ever-Illustrious

[Oft-Brilliant in Dignity, Achievements or Actions]

| 11:73
49ⓘ | ٱلْبَاعِثُ | al-Bāʿiṯ  | The Resurrector/ Awakener/ Arouser/ Dispatcher | 22:7
50ⓘ | ٱلشَّهِيدُ | ash-Shahīd  | The Witness/ Testifier/ Ever-Witnessing | 4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28
51ⓘ | ٱلْحَقُّ | al-Ḥaqq | The Truth/ Reality/ the Only One Certainly Sound and Genuine in Truth | 6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25
52ⓘ | ٱلْوَكِيلُ | al-Wakīl | The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate | 3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9
53ⓘ | ٱلْقَوِيُّ | al-Qawiyy  | The Strong | 22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25
54ⓘ | ٱلْمَتِينُ | al-Matīn  | The Firm, The Steadfast | 51:58
55ⓘ | ٱلْوَلِيُّ | al-Waliyy  | The Friend, Helper | 4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19
56ⓘ | ٱلْحَمِيدُ | al-Ḥamīd  | The All Praiseworthy | 14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42
57ⓘ | ٱلْمُحْصِىُ | al-Muḥsīy  | The Accounter, The Numberer of All | 72:28, 78:29
58ⓘ | ٱلْمُبْدِئُ | al-Mubdiʾ  | The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
59ⓘ | ٱلْمُعِيدُ | al-Muʿīd  | The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
60ⓘ | ٱلْمُحْيِي | al-Muḥyē  | The Giver of Life | 7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2
61ⓘ | ٱلْمُمِيتُ | al-Mumīt  | The Bringer of Death | 3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2
62ⓘ | ٱلْحَىُّ | al-Ḥayy | The Living | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65
63ⓘ | ٱلْقَيُّومُ | al-Qayyūm  | The Subsisting, The Independent | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111
64ⓘ | ٱلْوَاجِدُ | al-Wājid  | The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing | 38:44
65ⓘ | ٱلْمَاجِدُ | al-Mājid  | The Illustrious, The Magnificent, The Glorious | 85:15, 11:73; al-Kafʿamī (1992:48)
66ⓘ | ٱلْوَاحِدُ | al-Wāḥid  | The Unique, The Single | 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4
67ⓘ | ٱلْأَحَدُ | al-ʾAḥad | The One, The Indivisible | 112:1
68ⓘ | ٱلصَّمَدُ | aṣ-Ṣamad  | The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient | 112:2
69ⓘ | ٱلْقَادِرُ | al-Qādir  | The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything | 6:65, 46:33, 75:40
70ⓘ | ٱلْمُقْتَدِرُ | al-Muqtadir | The Determiner, The Dominant | 18:45, 54:42, 6:65
71ⓘ | ٱلْمُقَدِّمُ | al-Muqaddim | The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward | 16:61
72ⓘ | ٱلْمُؤَخِّرُ | al-Muʾakhkhir  | The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away | 71:4
73ⓘ | ٱلْأَوَّلُ | al-ʾAwwal | The First, The Beginning-less | 57:3
74ⓘ | اَلْآخِرُ | al-ʾÃkhir  | The Last, The Endless | 57:3
75ⓘ | ٱلظَّاهِرُ | aẓ-Ẓāhir  | The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer | 57:3
76ⓘ | ٱلْبَاطِنُ | al-Bāṭin  | The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner | 57:3
77ⓘ | ٱلْوَالِي | al-Wāliy  | The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord | 13:11
78ⓘ | ٱلْمُتَعَالِي | al-Mutʿāliy  | The Supremely Exalted, The Most High | 13:9
79ⓘ | ٱلْبَرُّ | al-Barr | The Good, The Beneficent | 52:28
80ⓘ | ٱلتَّوَّابُ | at-Tawwāb  | The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting | 2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3
81ⓘ | ٱلْمُنْتَقِمُ | al-Muntaqim | The Avenger | 32:22, 43:41, 44:16
82ⓘ | اَلْعَفُوُّ | al-ʿAfuww | The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver | 4:43, 4:99, 4:149, 22:60, 58:2
83ⓘ | اَلرَّؤُوفُ | ar-Raʾūf  | The Kind, The Pitying | 9:117, 57:9, 59:10
84ⓘ | مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكِ | Mālik-ul-mulk  | The Owner of all Sovereignty | 3:26
85ⓘ | ذُو ٱلْجَلَالِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامُ | Ḏū l-Jalāli wa l-ʾIkrām  | The Owner, Lord of Majesty and Honour | 55:27, 55:78
86ⓘ | اَلْمُقْسِطُ | al-Muqsiṭ  | The Equitable, The Requiter | 3:18,5:42,57:25,5:42
87ⓘ | اَلْجَامِعُ | al-Jāmiʿ  | The Gatherer, The Unifier | 3:9
88ⓘ | ٱلْغَنيُّ | al-Ghāniyy  | The Rich, The Independent | 39:7, 47:38, 57:24
89ⓘ | اَلْمُغْنِيُّ | al-Mughniyy  | The Enricher, The Emancipator | 9:28
90ⓘ | اَلْمَانِعُ | al-Māniʿ  | The Preventer, The Withholder, The Shielder, The Defender | See al-Kafʿamī (1992:61)
91ⓘ | اَلضَّارُ | aḍ-Ḍār  | The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor | 6:1758:10; al-Kafʿamī (1992:58)
92ⓘ | اَلنَّافِعُ | an-Nāfiʿ  | The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good | 30:37
93ⓘ | اَلنُّورُ | an-Nūr  | The Light | 24:35
94ⓘ | اَلْهَادِي |  al-Hādī  | The Guide, The Way | 22:54
95ⓘ | اَلْبَدِيعُ | al-Badīʿ  | The Originator, The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful | 2:117, 6:101
96ⓘ | اَلْبَاقِي | al-Bāqī  | The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting | 55:27; al-Kafʿamī (1992:64)
97ⓘ | اَلْوَارِثُ | al-Wāriṯ  | The Heir, The Inheritor of All | 15:23, 57:10
98ⓘ | اَلرَّشِيدُ | ar-Rashīd | The Guide to the Right Path | 11:87 (Used Not referring to Allah)
99ⓘ | اَلصَّبُورُ | aṣ-Ṣabūr  | The Timeless, The Patient | 2:153, 3:200, 103:3

Based on al-Tirmidhi's list above, the names for which there is no evidence, as specified by Sheikh Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad, Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen, and others, are as follows:

> الخافضُ، المعزُّ، المذِل، العَدْلُ، الجَلِيلُ، البَاعِثُ، المُحْصِي، المُبْدِئُ، المُعِيدُ، المُمِيتُ، الوَاجِدُ، المَاجِدُ، الوَالِي، المُقْسِط، المُغْنِي، المَانِعُ، الضَّارُّ، النَّافِعُ، البَاقِي، الرَّشِيدُ، الصَّبُور.

### Comparisons of other lists

[edit]

99 Names of Allah  No.  | Arabic  | Reference  | Romanization  | Translation  | Narrators

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WM | AS | AH | MD | HZ | AB | IW | IH | BH | IU | AR | AG | IN | SW | AM
1  | الله  | Q1:1 | Allāh  | Allah  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1
2  | ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ  | Q1:1 | al-Raḥmān  | The Most Gracious  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2
3  | ٱلرَّحِيمُ  | Q1:1 | al-Raḥīm  | The Most Merciful  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3
4  | ٱلْمَلِكُ  | Q23:116 | al-Malik  | The King  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4
5  | ٱلْقُدُّوسُ  | Q59:23 | al-Quddūs  | The Most Holy  | 5  | —  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5
6  | ٱلسَّلَامُ  | Q59:23 | as-Salām  | The Peace  | 6  | 5  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6
7  | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muʾmin  | The Giver of Security  | 7  | 6  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7
8  | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muhaymin  | The Controller  | 8  | 7  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8
9  | ٱلْعَزِيزُ  | Q2:129 | al-ʿAzīz  | The Exalted in Might  | 9  | 8  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9
10  | ٱلْجَبَّارُ  | Q59:23 | al-Jabbār  | The Omnipotent  | 10  | 9  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10
11  | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ  | Q59:23 | al-Mutakabbir  | The Superior  | 11  | 10  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11
12  | ٱلْخَالِقُ  | Q6:102 | al-Khāliq  | The Creator  | 12  | 11  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12
13  | ٱلْبَارِئُ  | Q59:23 | al-Bāriʾ  | The Inventor  | 13  | 12  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13
14  | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muṣawwir  | The Designer  | 14  | 13  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14
15  | ٱلْغَفَّارُ  | Q38:66 | al-Ghaffār  | The Absolute Forgiver  | 15  | —  | 15  | 15  | 15  | —  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15
16  | ٱلْقَهَّارُ  | Q12:39 | al-Qahhār  | The Subduer  | 16  | —  | —  | 16  | 16  | 15  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16
17  | ٱلْوَهَّابُ  | Q3:8 | al-Wahhāb  | The Bestower  | 17  | 14  | 16  | 17  | 17  | 16  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17
18  | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ  | Q51:58 | ar-Razzāq  | The Provider  | 18  | 15  | 17  | 18  | 18  | 17  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18
19  | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ  | Q34:26 | al-Fattāḥ  | The Opener  | 19  | —  | 18  | 19  | 19  | 18  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19
20  | ٱلْعَلِيمُ  | Q2:32 | al-ʿAlīm  | The All-Knowing  | 20  | 16  | 19  | 20  | 20  | 19  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20
21  | ٱلْقَابِضُ  | AD(3451) | al-Qābiḍ  | The Restrainer  | 21  | 17  | —  | 21  | 21  | 20  | —  | —  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | —
22  | ٱلْبَاسِطُ  | AD(3451) | al-Bāsiṭ  | The Expander  | 22  | 18  | —  | 22  | 22  | 21  | —  | —  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | —
23  | ٱلْخَافِضُ  | Q56:3*  | al-Khāfiḍ  | The Humiliator  | 23  | 19  | —  | —  | —  | 22  | —  | —  | 23  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
24  | ٱلرَّافِعُ  | Q56:3*  | ar-Rāfiʿ  | The Exalter  | 24  | 20  | —  | 23  | —  | 23  | 21  | —  | 24  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
25  | ٱلْمُعِزُّ  | Q3:26*  | al-Muʿizz  | The Giver of Honor  | 25  | 21  | —  | 24  | —  | 24  | —  | —  | 25  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
26  | ٱلْمُذِلُّ  | Q3:26*  | al-Muḏill  | The Giver of Disgrace  | 26  | 22  | —  | 25  | —  | 25  | —  | —  | 26  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
27  | ٱلسَّمِيعُ  | Q2:127 | as-Samīʿ  | The All-Hearing  | 27  | 23  | 20  | 26  | 23  | 26  | 22  | 21  | 27  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 21
28  | ٱلْبَصِيرُ  | Q17:1 | al-Baṣīr  | The All-Seeing  | 28  | 24  | 21  | 27  | 24  | 27  | 23  | 22  | 28  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 22
29  | ٱلْحَكَمُ  | Q6:114 | al-Ḥakam  | The Judge  | 29  | —  | —  | 28  | —  | 28  | 24  | 23  | 29  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 23
30  | ٱلْعَدْلُ  | Q16:90*  | al-ʿAdl  | The Just  | 30  | —  | —  | 29  | —  | 29  | —  | —  | 30  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
31  | ٱللَّطِيفُ  | Q6:103 | al-Laṭīf  | The Gentle  | 31  | 25  | 22  | 30  | 25  | 30  | 25  | 24  | 31  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 24
32  | ٱلْخَبِيرُ  | Q6:18 | al-Khabīr  | The All-Aware  | 32  | 26  | 23  | 31  | 26  | 31  | 26  | 25  | 32  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 25
33  | ٱلْحَلِيمُ  | Q2:235 | al-Ḥalīm  | The Forbearing  | 33  | 27  | 24  | 32  | 27  | 32  | 27  | 26  | 33  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 26
34  | ٱلْعَظِيمُ  | Q2:255 | al-ʿAẓīm  | The Most Magnificent  | 34  | 28  | 25  | 33  | 28  | 33  | 28  | 27  | 34  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 27
35  | ٱلْغَفُورُ  | Q2:218 | al-Ghafūr  | The Oft-Forgiving  | 35  | 29  | 26  | 34  | 29  | 34  | 29  | 28  | 35  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 28
36  | ٱلشَّكُورُ  | Q35:30 | ash-Shakūr  | The Grateful  | 36  | 30  | 27  | 35  | 30  | 35  | 30  | 29  | 36  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 29
37  | ٱلْعَلِيُّ  | Q2:255 | al-ʿAliyy  | The Most High  | 37  | 31  | 28  | 36  | 31  | 36  | 31  | 30  | 37  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 30
38  | ٱلْكَبِيرُ  | Q13:9 | al-Kabīr  | The Most Great  | 38  | —  | 29  | 37  | 32  | 37  | 32  | 31  | 38  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 31
39  | ٱلْحَفِيظُ  | Q11:57 | al-Ḥafīz  | The Protector  | 39  | —  | —  | 38  | —  | 38  | —  | 32  | 39  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 32
40  | ٱلْمُقِيتُ  | Q4:85 | al-Muqīt  | The Nourisher  | 40  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 39  | 33  | 33  | 40  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 33
41  | ٱلْحَسِيبُ  | Q4:6 | al-Ḥasīb  | The Ever-Reckoner  | 41  | —  | —  | 39  | —  | 40  | 34  | 34  | 41  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 34
42  | ٱلْجَلِيلُ  | Q55:27*  | al-Jalīl  | The Majestic  | 42  | 35  | 30  | 40  | —  | 41  | —  | —  | 42  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
43  | الْكَرِيمُ  | Q82:6 | al-Karīm  | The Noble  | 43  | 36  | 31  | 41  | 33  | 42  | 35  | 35  | 43  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 35
44  | الرَّقِيبُ  | Q5:117 | ar-Raqīb  | The Watchful  | 44  | —  | 32  | 42  | —  | 43  | 36  | 36  | 44  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 36
45  | الْمُجِيبُ  | Q11:61 | al-Mujīb  | The Answerer  | 45  | 37  | 33  | —  | 34  | —  | 37  | 37  | 45  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 37
46  | الْوَاسِعُ  | Q2:115 | al-Wāsiʿ  | The Vast  | 46  | —  | 34  | —  | 35  | 44  | 38  | 38  | 46  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 38
47  | الْحَكِيمُ  | Q2:32 | al-Ḥakīm  | The Wise  | 47  | 38  | —  | —  | 36  | 45  | 39  | 39  | 47  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 39
48  | الْوَدُودُ  | Q85:14 | al-Wadūd  | The Affectionate  | 48  | 39  | 35  | 43  | 37  | 46  | 40  | 40  | 48  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 40
49  | الْمَجِيدُ  | Q85:15 | al-Majīd  | The All-Glorious  | 49  | 40  | 36  | 44  | 38  | 47  | 41  | 41  | 49  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 41
50  | الْبَاعِثُ  | Q22:7*  | al-Bāʿiṯ  | The Resurrector  | 50  | 41  | 37  | 45  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 50  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
51  | الشَّهِيدُ  | Q5:117 | ash-Shahīd  | The Witness  | 51  | 42  | 38  | 46  | —  | 48  | 42  | 42  | 51  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 42
52  | الْحَقُّ  | Q6:62 | al-Ḥaqq  | The Truth  | 52  | 43  | 39  | 47  | 39  | 49  | 43  | 43  | 52  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 43
53  | الْوَكِيلُ  | Q6:102 | al-Wakīl  | The Dependable  | 53  | 44  | 40  | —  | —  | 50  | 44  | 44  | 53  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 44
54  | الْقَوِيُّ  | Q8:52 | al-Qawiyy  | The Strong  | 54  | 45  | —  | 48  | 40  | 51  | 45  | 45  | 54  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 45
55  | الْمَتِينُ  | Q51:58 | al-Matīn  | The Firm  | 55  | 46  | —  | —  | 41  | 52  | 46  | 46  | 55  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 46
56  | الْوَلِيُّ  | Q42:9 | al-Waliyy  | The Helper  | 56  | 47  | —  | 49  | 42  | 53  | 47  | 47  | 56  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 47
57  | الْحَمِيدُ  | Q2:267 | al-Ḥamīd  | The All-Praiseworthy  | 57  | —  | 41  | 50  | 43  | 54  | 48  | 48  | 57  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 48
58  | الْمُحْصِي  | Q72:28*  | al-Muḥsīy  | The Accounter  | 58  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 55  | —  | —  | 58  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
59  | الْمُبْدِئُ  | Q85:13*  | al-Mubdiʾ  | The Initiator  | 59  | 48  | 42  | —  | —  | 56  | —  | —  | 59  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
60  | الْمُعِيدُ  | Q85:13*  | al-Muʿīd  | The Restorer  | 60  | 49  | 43  | —  | —  | 57  | —  | —  | 60  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
61  | الْمُحْيِي  | Q2:28 | al-Muḥyī  | The Giver of Life  | 61  | 50  | 44  | 51  | —  | 58  | —  | 49  | 61  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
62  | الْمُمِيتُ  | Q2:28 | al-Mumīt  | The Bringer of Death  | 62  | 51  | 45  | —  | —  | 59  | —  | —  | 62  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
63  | الْحَيُّ  | Q2:255 | al-Ḥayy  | The Living  | 63  | 52  | 46  | 52  | 44  | 60  | 49  | 50  | 63  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 49
64  | الْقَيُّومُ  | Q2:255 | al-Qayyūm  | The Independent  | 64  | 53  | 47  | 53  | 45  | 61  | 50  | 51  | 64  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 50
65  | الْوَاجِدُ  | T(3507)**  | al-Wājid  | The Finder  | 65  | 54  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 65  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
66  | الْمَاجِدُ  | T(2495) | al-Mājid  | The Glorious  | 66  | 55  | —  | 54  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
67  | الْوَاحِدُ  | Q12:39 | al-Wāḥid  | The Unique  | 67  | 56  | 48  | 55  | 46  | 62  | 51  | 52  | 66  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 51
68  | الصَّمَدُ  | Q112:2 | aṣ-Ṣamad  | The Self-Sufficient  | 68  | 57  | 49  | 56  | 47  | 63  | 52  | 53  | 67  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 52
69  | الْقَادِرُ  | Q6:65 | al-Qādir  | The All-Powerful  | 69  | 58  | 50  | 57  | —  | 64  | 53  | 54  | 68  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 53
70  | الْمُقْتَدِرُ  | Q54:42 | al-Muqtadir  | The Determiner  | 70  | —  | 51  | 58  | 48  | 65  | 54  | 55  | 69  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 54
71  | الْمُقَدِّمُ  | B(1120) | al-Muqaddim  | The Expeditor  | 71  | —  | —  | —  | 49  | 66  | —  | —  | 70  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 55
72  | الْمُؤَخِّرُ  | B(1120) | al-Muʾakhkhir  | The Delayer  | 72  | —  | —  | —  | 50  | 67  | —  | —  | 71  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 56
73  | الْأَوَّلُ  | Q57:3 | al-ʾAwwal  | The First  | 73  | 59  | 52  | 59  | 51  | 68  | 55  | 56  | 72  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 57
74  | الْآخِرُ  | Q57:3 | al-ʾÃkhir  | The Last  | 74  | 60  | 53  | 60  | 52  | 69  | 56  | 57  | 73  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 58
75  | الظَّاهِرُ  | Q57:3 | aẓ-Ẓāhir  | The Manifest  | 75  | 61  | 54  | 61  | 53  | 70  | 57  | 58  | 74  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 59
76  | الْبَاطِنُ  | Q57:3 | al-Bāṭin  | The Hidden  | 76  | 62  | 55  | 62  | 54  | 71  | 58  | 59  | 75  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 60
77  | الْوَالِي  | Q13:11 | al-Wāliy  | The Patron  | 77  | 63  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 76  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
78  | الْمُتَعَالِ  | Q13:9 | al-Mutʿāliy  | The Most Exalted  | 78  | 64  | 56  | —  | 55  | —  | 59  | 60  | 77  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 61
79  | الْبَرُّ  | Q52:28 | al-Barr  | The Beneficent  | 79  | —  | —  | —  | 56  | —  | 60  | 61  | 78  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 62
80  | التَّوَّابُ  | Q2:37 | at-Tawwāb  | The Oft-Returning  | 80  | 65  | 57  | 63  | 57  | 72  | 61  | 62  | 79  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 63
81  | الْمُنْتَقِمُ  | Q32:22 | al-Muntaqim  | The Avenger  | 81  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 62  | 63  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
82  | الْعَفُوُّ  | Q4:43 | al-ʿAfuww  | The Pardoner  | 82  | 66  | 58  | 64  | 58  | 73  | 63  | 64  | 80  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 64
83  | الرَّؤُوفُ  | Q2:143 | ar-Raʾūf  | The Kind  | 83  | 67  | 59  | 65  | 59  | 74  | 64  | 65  | 81  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 65
84  | مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ  | Q3:26 | Mālik-ul-mulk  | Owner of All Sovereignty  | 84  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 65  | —  | 82  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 68  | —
85  | ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ  | Q55:27 | Ḏū l-Jalāli wal-ʾIkrām  | Owner of Majesty and Honor  | 85  | —  | 60  | 66  | —  | —  | 66  | —  | 83  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 69  | —
86  | الْمُقْسِطُ  | T(3507)**  | al-Muqsiṭ  | The Requiter  | 86  | 68  | —  | 67  | —  | 75  | 67  | —  | 84  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
87  | الْجَامِعُ  | Q3:9 | al-Jāmiʿ  | The Gatherer  | 87  | 69  | —  | 68  | —  | 76  | 68  | 66  | 85  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
88  | الْغَنِيُّ  | Q6:133 | al-Ghāniyy  | The Rich  | 88  | 70  | 61  | 69  | 60  | 77  | 69  | 67  | 86  | 68  | 68  | 68  | 68  | 70  | 66
89  | الْمُغْنِي  | Q9:28*  | al-Mughniyy  | The Enricher  | 89  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 87  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
90  | الْمَانِعُ  | M(477)*  | al-Māniʿ  | The Preventer  | 90  | 71  | —  | 70  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 88  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
91  | الضَّارُّ  | Q6:17*  | aḍ-Ḍār  | The Distressor  | 91  | 72  | —  | —  | —  | 78  | —  | —  | 89  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
92  | النَّافِعُ  | T(3507)**  | an-Nāfiʿ  | The Benefactor  | 92  | 73  | —  | —  | —  | 79  | —  | —  | 90  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
93  | النُّورُ  | Q24:35 | an-Nūr  | The Light  | 93  | 74  | 62  | 71  | —  | —  | —  | 68  | 91  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
94  | الْهَادِي  | Q25:31 |  al-Hādī  | The Guide  | 94  | 75  | 63  | 72  | —  | 80  | 70  | 69  | 92  | —  | —  | 69  | 69  | 71  | 67
95  | الْبَدِيعُ  | Q2:117 | al-Badīʿ  | The Originator  | 95  | —  | 64  | 73  | —  | —  | 71  | 70  | 93  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
96  | الْبَاقِي  | Q55:27*  | al-Bāqī  | The Everlasting  | 96  | 76  | 65  | 74  | —  | 81  | —  | —  | 94  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
97  | الْوَارِثُ  | Q15:23 | al-Wāriṯ  | The Inheritor  | 97  | 77  | —  | —  | —  | 82  | 72  | 71  | 95  | 69  | 69  | 70  | 70  | —  | 68
98  | الرَّشِيدُ  | Q18:10*  | ar-Rashīd  | The Right Guide  | 98  | —  | —  | 75  | —  | 83  | 73  | —  | 96  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
99  | الصَّبُورُ  | T(3507)**  | aṣ-Ṣabūr  | The Patient  | 99  | —  | —  | 76  | —  | 84  | —  | —  | 97  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —

### Hidden names

[edit]

There is no universal agreement among Islamic exegesis scholars about the number of names of God, since it was only Ibn Hazm who argued a limitation of 99 names. Instead, Islamic scholars such as al-Khattabi, al-Qurtubi, Abi Bakr bin Thayyib, Ibn al-'Arabi (not Ibn Arabi),[a] Abu Abdillah ar-Razi, Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Nawawi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani,[14] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya[15] and Ibn Rajab,[16] have stated that Allah has an infinite number of names. While there are rulings that only a few names and their attributes are revealed and known in the Qur'an and Hadiths, the uncountably unrevealed names and their attributes are only known by Allah Himself.[17][18] The basis of these rulings was the Hadith, which contains a supplication as narrated in Hisn al-Muslim:

> أَسْأَلُكَ بِكُلِّ اسْمٍ هُوَ لَكَ سَمَّيْتَ بِهِ نَفْسَكَ أَوْ أَنْزَلْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِكَ أَوْ عَلَّمْتَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ أَوْ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ

> "I beg You by every Names that is Yours, which You have named Yourself with, or revealed in Your Book, or taught to any of Your creation, or (which you) kept them secret to Yourself in the mysterious knowledge of Yours."

> — Ahmad ibn Hanbal,[14] Ibn Hibban, Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri.[16], Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal,[14] Sahih Ibn Hibban, Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn.[16] graded authentic by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut.[15]

Another Hadith contains a supplication, with multiple chains of transmitters:

> اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أَعُوْذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ، وَبِمُعَافَاتِكَ مِنْ عُقُوْبَتِكَ، وَأَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْكَ، لاَ أُحْصِيْ ثَنَاءً عَلَيْكَ أَنْتَ كَمَا أَثْنَيْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ

> “O Allah, indeed I seek refuge in Your blessing from Your wrath, and I seek refuge in Your salvation from Your torment, and I seek refuge in You from You. I cannot limit the amount of praise to You. You are as You praise Yourself."

> — Ibn Majah, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Sunan ibn Majah,[19] Sahih Muslim.[20]

In the established Islamic creed about the unrevealed names of Allah, the majority of fatwas say it is obligatory for a Muslim to believe in the existence of the unrevealed names and their attributes, but it is forbidden for Muslims to try to search for them without literal evidences from the Qur'an and authentic Hadiths.[14][16][17][15] In the creed of Islamic eschatology, the hidden names are believed to be hidden from anyone but Allah, and will only be revealed personally to Muhammad during Judgement Day.[15]

## In textual sources

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According to Muslims, the names of God must be established by evidence and direct reference in the Qur'an and hadiths (the concept of tawqif). Thus, it is impermissible (haram) for Muslims to give Allah names except with what He has named Himself in the Qur'an or in authentic Hadiths.

### The Quran

[edit]

The Quran refers to God's Most Beautiful Names (al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḥusná) in several Surahs. Gerhard Böwering refers to Surah 17 (17:110) as the locus classicus to which explicit lists of 99 names used to be attached in tafsir.

> قُلِ ٱدْعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ أَوِ ٱدْعُوا۟ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنَ ۖ أَيًّۭا مَّا تَدْعُوا۟ فَلَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَٱبْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ سَبِيلًۭا

> Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Compassionate—whichever you call, He has the Most Beautiful Names.” Do not recite your prayers too loudly or silently, but seek a way between.

> — Surah al-Isra (17), verse 110

Another verse references the Most Beautiful Names:

> وَلِلَّهِ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ فَٱدْعُوهُ بِهَا ۖ وَذَرُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يُلْحِدُونَ فِىٓ أَسْمَـٰٓئِهِۦ ۚ سَيُجْزَوْنَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

> Allah has the Most Beautiful Names. So call upon Him by them, and keep away from those who abuse His Names.1 They will be punished for what they used to do.

> — Surat al-Aaraf (7), verse 110

A cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets which are included in such lists is found in Surah 59.

> هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ ۖ هُوَ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٢٢ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْمَلِكُ ٱلْقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَـٰمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْجَبَّارُ ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ٢٣ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْخَـٰلِقُ ٱلْبَارِئُ ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ ٢٤

> He is Allāh—there is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him: 'Ālim al-ghayb wa'l-shāhadah (Knower of the seen and unseen). He is ar-Raḥmān (the Most Compassionate), ar-Raḥīm (the Most Merciful). He is Allāh—there is no god except Him: al-Malik (the King), al-Quddūs (the Most Holy), as-Salām (the All-Perfect), al-Muʾmin (the Source of Serenity), al-Muhaymin (the Watcher), al-ʿAzīz (the Almighty), al-Jabbār (the Supreme in Might), al-Mutakabbir (the Majestic). Glorified is Allāh far above what they associate with Him. He is Allāh: al-Khāliq (the Creator), al-Bāriʾ (the Inventor), al-Muṣawwir (the Shaper). He ˹alone˺ has the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth ˹constantly˺ glorifies Him. And He is al-ʿAzīz (the Almighty), al-Ḥakīm (All-Wise).

> — Surah al-Hashr (59), verses 22–24

### Hadith

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In a hadith narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, it is mentioned that Allah has 99 names.

> Abu Hurairah reported that God has ninety-nine Names, i.e., one hundred minus one, and whoever believes in their meanings and acts accordingly, will enter Paradise; and God is witr (one) and loves 'the witr' (i.e., odd numbers).

> — Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 8, Book 75, Hadith 419

In another hadith, this fact is also mentioned again.

> Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "God has ninety-nine Names, one-hundred less one; and he who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise." To count something means to know it by heart.

> — Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 489

## Attributes

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Islamic tenets has detailed descriptions about to differentiate names with attributes (Arabic: صِفَة, romanized: ṣifāh plural of sˤi.faːt), which has literal abilities of their owns. Examples of the attributes are the name of "ar-Rahman" contains the attributes "mercifulness in general",[3] or "fundamental mercy".[21] According to Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, God has 100 kinds of rahmah (grace/godsend), whereas only one of them already revealed to this world, while the other 99 still withheld for the afterlife. One of the rahmah which was sent to the world are sufficient to fulfil the needs of all creatures until the Judgement Day; including humans, Jinns, and even non-sentients such as animals, so the parents of animals would not trample their babies under their foots or wasting.[22] Another example is name of al-ʿAliyy contains several attributes, such as "heightness" and "above all".[3]

This ruling is because the naming of God are limited by the evidences from Qur'an and Hadith in Sunni Islam.[4] Thus, postulating the tenet in Islam's creed that essentially, the name-bearing of God are different from attributes of God.[5] Nevertheless, Salafi scholar al-Uthaymin stated the principal ruling of giving attributes to God is similar with the verdict about giving name to God; that is forbidden to gave attributes without evidence from Qur'an and Sunnah.[23] One of the disputed name of God among the Islamic academic is "al-Hannan",[4] Since it is considered as one of the attribute of "ar-Rahman" name in Maryam 19:13, not because al-Hannan is a name itself.[24]

Both Ibn Taymiyya in his work, The Treaty of Tadmur, and Ibn al-Qayyim have published their statements claiming to be refuting Jahmiyya,[4] and al-Juwayni respectively; as Jahmiyya scholars and al-Juwayni rejected the existence of the attributes of God and consider that the names of God are just semantics without any substances in them.[3] The statements of both Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn al-Qayyim became the ruling which was established by Saudi Council of Senior Scholars, as they stated that each of God's name contains multiple attributes.[3] Salafi scholars such as Ibn Baz did not consent to the interpretation of the attributes of God.[25] Moreover, Walid Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad al-'Ali, an exegesis professor of Islamic University of Madinah, has quoted Ibn al-Qayyim's concern regarding the importance of names and attributes of God as part of the Tawhid (oneness of God) which is the first article of The Six Articles of Faith.[26]

## Sufi and Shia mysticism

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There is a tradition in Sufism to the effect the 99 names of God point to a mystical "Most Supreme and Superior Name" (ismu l-ʾAʿẓam (الاسْمُ ٱلْأَعْظَم).[27] This "Greatest Name of God" is said to be "the one which if He is called (prayed to) by it, He will answer."[28] More than 1000 names of God are listed in the Jawshan Kabir (جَوْشَنُ ٱلْكَبِير—literally "the Great Cuirass") invocations.[citation needed] Sufi mystic Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are "outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries".[8]

Ibn Arabi (26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240) did not interpret the names of God as mere epithets, but as actual attributes paring the universe both in created and possible forms. By these names, the divine traits disclose for humans, whose divine potential is hidden, can learn to become a reflection of such names. However, such reflections are limited; the divine traits do not equal the divine essence of the names.[29] Influenced by the metaphysical teachings of Ibn Arabi, Haydar Amuli assigned angels to the different names of God. Accordingly, the good angels as a whole are a manifestation of God's Names of Beauty. Shaitan (shayatin) on the other hand are a manifestation of God's Names of majesty, such as "The Haughty".[30]

## Theophoric given names

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See also: List of Arabic theophoric names

Talismanic shirt inscribed with the 99 names of God as well as Quranic verses and prayers, Turkey, 18th century, Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage.

The Arabic names of God are used to form theophoric given names commonly used in Muslim cultures throughout the world, mostly in Arabic speaking societies.

Because the names of God themselves are reserved to God and their use as a person's given name is considered religiously inappropriate, theophoric names are formed by prefixing the term ˁabd (عَبْدُ: "slave/servant of") to the name in the case of male names;

This distinction is established out of respect for the sanctity of Divine names, which denote attributes (of love, kindness, mercy, compassion, justice, power, etc.) that are believed to be possessed in a full and absolute sense only by God, while human beings, being limited creatures, are viewed by Muslims as being endowed with the Divine attributes only in a limited and relative capacity. The prefixing of the definite article would indicate that the bearer possesses the corresponding attribute in an exclusive sense, a trait reserved to God.

Names of Allah in Arabic calligraphy.

Quranic verse 3:26 is cited as evidence against the validity of using Divine names for persons, with the example of Mālik ul-Mulk (مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكُ: "Lord of Power" or "Owner of all Sovereignty"):

> Say: "O God! Lord of Power, You give power to whom You please, and You strip off power from whom You please. You endue with honour whom You please, and You bring low whom You please. In Your hand is all Good." Verily, over all things You have power.

> — Quran 3:26

The two parts of the name starting with ˁabd may be written separately (as in the previous example) or combined as one in the transliterated form; in such a case, the vowel transcribed after ˁabdu is often written as u when the two words are transcribed as one: e.g., Abdur-Rahman, Abdul-Aziz, Abdul-Jabbar, or even Abdullah (عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه: "Servant of God"). (This has to do with Arabic case vowels, the final u vowel showing the normal "quote" nominative case form.)

Examples of Muslim theophoric names include:

* Raḥmān, such as Abdul-Raḥman Al-Sudais (عَبْدُ ٱلْرَّحْمَان ٱلْسُّدَيْس): Imam of the Grand Mosque of Makkah, KSA
* Salām, such as Salam Fayyaḍ (سَلَام فَيَّاض): Palestinian politician
* Jabbār, such as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (كَرِيم عَبْدُ ٱلْجَبَّار): American basketball player
* Ḥakīm, such as Sherman "Abdul Ḥakim" Jackson (عَبْدُ ٱلْحَكِيم—ˁabdu ʼl-Ḥakiym): American Islamic Studies scholar
* Ra'ūf, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad (رَؤُوف مُسَعد): Egyptian-Sudanese novelist
* Abdul Muqtedar as in Muḥammad Abdul Muqtedar Khan (مُحَمَّد عَبْدُ ٱلمُقْتَدِر خَان): Indian-American academic

## Use in Baháʼí sources

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Baháʼí sources state that the 100th name was revealed as "Baháʼ" (Arabic: بهاء "glory, splendor"), which appears in the words Bahá'u'lláh and Baháʼí. They also believe that it is the greatest name of God.[31][32] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram-shaped tablet with 360 morphological derivation of the word "Baháʼ" used in it.[31]

According to Baháʼí scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī adopted the Persian poetic pen name "Bahāʾ" after being inspired by the words of the fifth Twelver Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, and the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who stated that the greatest name of God was included in either the Duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, a dawn prayer for Ramadan, or the ʾAʿmal ʿam Dawūd.[31] In the first verse of the duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, the name "Bahāʾ" appears four times.[33]

## See also

[edit]

* Islam portal

* The 99, a comic book based on the 99 names of God in Islam
* Basmala
* List of Arabic theophoric names
* Names of God
* Names of God in Zoroastrianism
* Names of God in Christianity
* Names of God in Judaism
* Names of God in Sikhism
* Sahasranama, the Hindu lists of 1000 names of God
* "The Nine Billion Names of God", a short story by Arthur C. Clarke

## Appendix

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### Footnotes

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1. ^ Ibn al-'Arabi full Nisba name is Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Andalusi al-Ishbili al-Maliki, a Maliki scholar who died in 1121 AD. Ibn Arabi full Nisba is Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hatimi at-Tayy al-Andalusi, a philosopher who died in 1216 AD.[13]

### References

[edit]

1. ^ Mohammad Mahdi Al-Sharif (2014). ALLAH'S MOST BEAUTIFUL NAMES: اسماء الله الحسنى [انكليزي]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 25\. ISBN 978-2745154811. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "...Name "Rahman" and the characteristic it carries."
2. ^ Mark W. Muesse (2018). Four Wise Men. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 240\. ISBN 9780718895228. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "... attributes, which name certain qualities that assist in appropriately orienting the mind toward god."
3. ^ a b c d e M. Saifudin Hakim (9 April 2018). "Sifat Allah: Apakah Hanya Tujuh atau Dua Puluh? (Bag. 3)" [The Attributes of God: Only Seven or Twenty? (Part 3)]. muslim.or.id (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2024. References from:
* Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal no. 3712. graded authentic by Shaikh Albani in Silsilah Ash-Sahihah no. 3528
* Sahih Bukhari. Bukhari no. 4712.
* Sahih Muslim no. 1118
* Sharh al-Qawa' Ied al-Muthla p. 134-135, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, first print, published by Dar al-Athar in 2001.
* Sharh ar-Risala att-Tadmuriyyah li Shaykh al-Islaam Ibn Taimiyyah, by Shaikh Dr. Yusuf Al-Ghafish
* Sharh Al-'Aqida As-Safariyaniyya, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, published by Madar ul-Watan KSA, second printing in 2010, pp. 202-203.
* Dar'u Ta'arudhi Al-'Aqli wan Naqli, 5/ 248 (Maktabah Shamila).
* Asas at-Taqdiis, pp. 147-148.
* Al-Ibana ‘an Usl ad-Diyanah, page. 443.
4. ^ a b c d Muhammad Al-Munajjid (2019). "هل (الحنان) من صفات الله ؟" [Is al-Hannan one of God's attributes?]. Islamqa.info (in Arabic). Retrieved 19 August 2024. "Fatawa Noor 'ala al-Darb; Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (3/11), and Tafsir al-Tabari (16/113). "Attributes of God Almighty contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah"; Fatwa of Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) (24/172)"
5. ^ a b Oliviu Felecan (2019). Onomastics between Sacred and Profane. Vernon Press. p. 6\. ISBN 978-1622734016. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "... attributes, postulating that a name is different from naming"
6. ^ Al-Uthaymin (2019). bin Nashir bin Ibrahim As-Sulaiman, Fahd (ed.). Tuntunan Tanya-Jawab Akidah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa, dan Haji [Guide to Questions and Answers on Faith, Prayer, Zakat, Fasting and Hajj] (in Indonesian). Translated by Munirul Abidin. Darul Falah. p. 72\. ISBN 978-979-3036-66-3. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
7. ^ M. Ghulam Hussain Daleel (2023). Kayinath: For Literature and Philanthropy. Notion Press. ISBN 9798888839706. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "...ninety-nine names of God, mentioned in the Quran. Allah's names imply his attributes...."
8. ^ a b Morgan, Diane (2010). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. ABC-CLIO. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1.
9. ^ al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim (2020-05-06). Ranks of the Divine Seekers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Volume 1. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-41341-2.
10. ^ Please note the written Arabic spelling of the names written in Arabic in the table are in the vowelled Classical/Quranic form (proper = in the Quran and Ahādith) with the square bracketed "[.]" variant of the written Arabic forms given in common or modern texts—usually in media, some long vowels and punctuations are omitted for the easier typing and reading.
11. ^ a b Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (2013). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 1 (Part 1): Al-Fatihah 1 to Al-Baqarah 141 2nd Edition. MSA Publication Limited. p. XXIV. ISBN 978-1861798268. Retrieved 15 August 2024. "Exegesis of Al-Tabari and Al-Qurtubi with the reference material from a Hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi transmitted by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf."
12. ^ Al-Bayhaqi (1999, pp. 55, 101)
13. ^ Ja’far Assagaf (2019). "Reduksi Sufi antara Penyebutan Ibnu al-'Arabiy/إبن العربي (w. 543 H) dengan Ibnu 'Arabiy/إبن عربي (w. 638 H) ?" [Sufi reduction between the mention of Ibn al-'Arabiy/إبن العربي (d. 543 H) with Ibn 'Arabiy/إبن عربي (d. 638 H)?]. alkhairaat-ternate.or.id (in Indonesian). Alkhiraat Media. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
14. ^ a b c d Adika Mianoki (2022). "Berapakah Jumlah Asmaul Husna?" [How many the numbers of Asmaul Husn]. muslim.or.id (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Atsari (YPIA) Islam Atsari Educational Institute. Retrieved 14 August 2024. Reference commentary from= Kamila bint Muhammad bin Jassim bin Ali Al-Jaham Al-Kuwari (2002). المجلى في شرح القواعد المثلى في صفات الله وأسمائه الحسنى [magazine in explaining the ideal rules in the attributes of God and His beautiful names... by Muhammad Salih al-Uthaymin] (in Arabic). Dar Ibn Hazm. pp. 123–132\. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
15. ^ a b c d Ammi Nur Baits (2011). "Hafal Asmaul Husna, Masuk Surga?" [(if) memorized Asma al-Husn, (is it) guaranteed entering the heaven?]. KonsultasiSyariah.com (in Indonesian). Yufid Institution Network. Retrieved 15 August 2024. "Ibn al-Qayyim, in Shifa ul-Alil p. 472; Al-Uthaymin; Al-Qawaid ul-Muthla, Pg. 13 – 14"
16. ^ a b c d Islamweb Research team (2022). "هل أسماء الله غير متناهية العدد؟". islamweb.net (in Arabic). Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Mauritania: Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Qatar). Retrieved 14 August 2024.
17. ^ a b Abdulaziz Al Sheikh. Fatwa no. 39788 (in Arabic). Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
18. ^ Muhammad Al-Munajjid (2003). "أسماء الله تعالى غير محصورة في تسعة وتسعين اسماً" [The names of God Almighty are not limited to ninety-nine names only]. IslamQA.info (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 August 2024. "Compilation Fatwa of Uthaymin"
19. ^ "Sunan Ibnu Majah 3831" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 August 2024.
20. ^ Muhammad Al-Munajjid (2021). "Arti dari Sabda Nabi –shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam- : "Dan aku berlindung kepada-Mu dari-Mu"" [The meaning of the words of the Prophet – sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam –: “And I seek refuge in You from You”.]. islamqa.info (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 August 2024. "Sahih Muslim (751), on the authority of Aisha; Al-Munawi commentary in Faidh ul-Qadir Sharh al-Jami' as-Saghir: 2/176; Ibn al-Qayyim commentary in Thariq al-hijratayn wa bab as-Sa'adatayn: 1/431"
21. ^ John Andrew Morrow (2013). Islamic Images and Ideas: Essays on Sacred Symbolism. McFarland. p. 13\. ISBN 978-0786458486. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
22. ^ "Surat Al-Fatihah Ayat 3" (in Indonesian and Arabic). Islamic University of Madinah. excerpt from Imad Zuhair Hafidh (2015). تفسيرُ المدينةِ المُنوَّرة [Exegesis Madinah al-Munawwara] (in Arabic). مركز تعظيم القرآن الكريم بالمدينة المنورة. Retrieved 19 August 2024. Reference Hadiths:
* Narrated by: Abu Hurairah / Author: Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj/ Source: Sahih Muslim / Page or number: 2752 / Summary of the narrator’s ruling: Sahih
* Narrated by: Abu Hurairah / Author: Bukhari and Muslim / Source: Riyad as-Salihin 420 / Page or number: 420
23. ^ Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal (2018). "Syarhus Sunnah: Kaidah Nama dan Sifat Allah #02" [Explanation of Sunnah: principles of the Name and Attributes of Allah #02]. Rumaysho (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 August 2024. References from:
* Al-Minhaj Syarh Sahih Muslim. First printing, 1433 H. Yahya bin Syarf An-Nawawi. Publisher Dar Ibn Hazm.
* Syarh Asma' Allah Al-Husna fi Dhaui Al-Kitab wa As-Sunnah. 12th printing, 1431 H. Syaikh Sa'id bin Wahf Al-Qahthani.
* Syarh As-Sunnah. Second printing, 1432 H. Imam Al-Muzani. Ta'liq: Dr. Jamal 'Azzun. Maktabah Dar Al-Minhaj Publishers.
* Syarh Al-Qawa'id Al-Mutsla. Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih Al-'Utsaimin. Ta'liq: Abu Ya'qub Nasy-at bin Kamal Al-Mashri. Maktabah Al-Muslim Publishers.
24. ^ "Berdoa Kepada Allah Dengan Nama "Al-Hannan" Dan "Al-Mannan"" [praying to God with the names of "O Hannan" and "O Mannan"]. fatwaulama.com (in Indonesian). lajnah. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
25. ^ Namira Nahouza (2009, p. 193)
26. ^ Walīd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh ʻAlī (2004). جهود الإمام ابن قيم الجوزية في تقرير توحيد الأسماء والصفات, Volume 3 [The efforts of Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya in establishing the oneness of names and attributes, Volume 3] (in Arabic). المبرة الخيرية لعلوم القرآن والسنة. pp. 1390, 1412, 2041. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
27. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1993). The Mystery of Numbers. New York, US: Oxford University Press. p. 271\. ISBN 0-19-508919-7.
28. ^ Momen, Moojan (2000). Islam and the Bahá'í Faith. George Ronald. p. 241\. ISBN 978-0-85398-446-7. The endnote states: "Ibn Májah, Sunan, 34. (Kitáb ad-Du'á), ch. 9, no. 3856, vol. 2, p. 1267. See also: Ad-Dárimí, Sunan, 23 (Fada'il al-Qur'án), ch. 15, no. 3296, vol. 2, pp. 324–325. Similar statements in Shi'i tradition include: Majlisí, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 26. p. 7.
29. ^ Bruce Lawrence The Qur'an: A Biography Atlantic Books Ltd, 02.10.2014 ISBN 9781782392187 chapter 8
30. ^ Ayman Shihadeh Sufism and Theology Edinburgh University Press, 21.11.2007 ISBN 9780748631346 pp. 54–56
31. ^ a b c Lambden, Stephen (1993). "The Word Baháʼ: Quintessence of the Greatest Name". Baháʼí Studies Review. 3 (1).
32. ^ Smith, Peter (2000). "greatest name". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 167–8\. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.
33. ^ Khadem, Dhikru'llah (March 1976). "Bahá'u'lláh and His Most Holy Shrine". Baháʼí News (540): 4–5\. Archived from the original on 2017-06-20.

### Bibliography

[edit]

* ʾIbrahīm bin ʿAlī al-Kafʿamī (1436–1500 CE), al-Maqām al-asnā fī tafsīr al-asmāʼ al-ḥusnā. Beirut: Dār al-Hādī (1992) (WorldCat listing).
* Namira Nahouza (2009), Contemporary Wahhabism Rebranded as Salafism: The Issue of Interpreting the Qur'anic Verses and Hadith on the Attributes of God and its Significance, University of Exeter, retrieved 20 August 2024

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Names of God in Islam.

* Al-Rahman al-Rahim. Problems of Interpretation and Translation
* Al-Bayhaqi (1999). Allah's Names and Attributes. Translated by Gibril Fouad Haddad. ISCA. ISBN 1930409036. Retrieved 16 August 2024.

* v
* t
* e

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Non-humans

* Allāh ('The God')
* Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)

| Animals|

| Related|

* The baqara (cow) of Israelites
* The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
* The fīl (elephant) of the Abyssinians
* Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey)
* The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon
* The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave
* The namlah (female ant) of Solomon
* The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah
* The nāqat (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ

|

Non-related|

* ʿAnkabūt (Female spider)
* Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth)
* Ḥimār (Wild ass)
* Naḥl (Honey bee)
* Qaswarah ('Lion', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')

Malāʾikah (Angels)|

* Angels of Hell
* Mālik
* Zabāniyah
* Bearers of the Throne
* Harut and Marut
* Jundallah
* Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes)
* Raqib
* Atid

| Muqarrabun|

* Jibrīl (Gabriel, chief)
* Ar-Rūḥ ('The Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The Holy Spirit')
* Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael)
* Malakul-Mawt (Angel of Death, Azrael)
* Mīkāil (Michael)

|

Jinn (Genies)|

* Jann
* ʿIfrīt
* Sakhr (Asmodeus)
* Qarīn

Shayāṭīn (Demons)|

* Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil)
* Mārid ('Rebellious one')

Others|

* Ghilmān or Wildān
* Ḥūr

Prophets

| Mentioned|

* Ādam (Adam)
* Al-Yasaʿ (Elisha)
* Ayyūb (Job)
* Dāwūd (David)
* Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
* Hārūn (Aaron)
* Hūd (Eber?)
* Idrīs (Enoch?)
* Ilyās (Elijah)
* ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
* Isḥāq (Isaac)
* Ismāʿīl (Ishmael)
* Dhabih Ullah
* Lūṭ (Lot)
* Ṣāliḥ
* Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?)
* Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
* ʿUzair (Ezra?)
* Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
* Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
* Isrāʾīl (Israel)
* Yūnus (Jonah)
* Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the Fish (or Whale)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
* Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')
* Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
* Zakariyyā (Zechariah)

| Ulul-ʿAzm
('Those of the
Perseverance
and Strong Will')|

* Muḥammad
* Aḥmad
* Other names and titles of Muhammad
* ʿĪsā (Jesus)
* Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah)
* Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)
* Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God)
* Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God)
* Nūḥ (Noah)

|

Debatable ones|

* Dhūl-Qarnain
* Luqmān
* Maryam (Mary)
* Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon?)

Implied|

* Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
* Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel)
* Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)

People of Prophets

| Good ones|

* Adam's immediate relatives
* Martyred son
* Wife
* Believer of Ya-Sin
* Family of Noah
* Father Lamech
* Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
* Luqman's son
* People of Abraham
* Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
* Ishmael's mother
* Isaac's mother
* People of Jesus
* Disciples (including Peter)
* Mary's mother
* Zechariah's wife
* People of Solomon
* Mother
* Queen of Sheba
* Vizier
* Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)

| People of
Joseph|

* Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon)
* Egyptians
* ʿAzīz (Potiphar, Qatafir or Qittin)
* Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
* Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah)
* Mother

|

People of
Aaron and Moses|

* Egyptians
* Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
* Imraʾat Firʿawn (Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim the Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
* Magicians of the Pharaoh
* Wise, pious man
* Moses' wife
* Moses' sister-in-law
* Mother
* Sister

Evil ones|

* Āzar (possibly Terah)
* Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
* Hāmān
* Jālūt (Goliath)
* Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
* As-Sāmirī
* Abū Lahab
* Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)

Implied or
not specified|

* Abraha
* Abu Bakr
* Bal'am/Balaam
* Barṣīṣā
* Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
* Luqman's son
* Nebuchadnezzar II
* Nimrod
* Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
* Shaddad

Groups

| Mentioned|

* Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
* People of Paradise
* People of the Burnt Garden
* Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the Sabbath)
* Jesus' apostles
* Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
* Companions of Noah's Ark
* Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
* Companions of the Elephant
* People of al-Ukhdūd
* People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
* People of Yathrib or Medina
* Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
* Nation of Noah

| Tribes,
ethnicities
or families|

* ‘Ajam
* Ar-Rūm (literally 'The Romans')
* Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
* Muʾtafikāt (Sodom and Gomorrah)
* People of Ibrahim
* People of Ilyas
* People of Nuh
* People of Shuaib
* Ahl Madyan People of Madyan)
* Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood')
* Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)
* Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
* People of Fir'aun
* Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
* Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad)
* Anṣār (literally 'Helpers')
* Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
* People of Mecca
* Wife of Abu Lahab
* Children of Ayyub
* Sons of Adam
* Wife of Nuh
* Wife of Lut
* Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
* Son of Nuh

Aʿrāb (Arabs
or Bedouins)|

* ʿĀd (people of Hud)
* Companions of the Rass
* Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of Tubba)
* People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
* Quraysh
* Thamūd (people of Ṣāliḥ)
* Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ('Companions of the Stoneland')

Ahl al-Bayt
('People of the
Household')|

* Household of Abraham
* Brothers of Yūsuf
* Lot's daughters
* Progeny of Imran
* Household of Moses
* Household of Muhammad
* ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
* Daughters of Muhammad
* Muhammad's wives
* Household of Salih

Implicitly
mentioned|

* Amalek
* Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
* Banu Nadir
* Banu Qaynuqa
* Banu Qurayza
* Iranian people
* Umayyad Dynasty
* Aus and Khazraj
* People of Quba

Religious
groups|

* Ahl al-Dhimmah
* Kāfirūn
* disbelievers
* Majūs Zoroastrians
* Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites)
* Muslims
* Believers
* Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
* Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
* Ruhban (Christian monks)
* Qissis (Christian priest)
* Yahūd (Jews)
* Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
* Rabbani/Rabbi
* Sabians
* Polytheists
* Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
* Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot

Locations

Mentioned|

* Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ('The Holy Land')
* 'Blessed' Land'
* Al-Jannah (Paradise, literally 'The Garden')
* Jahannam (Hell)
* Door of Hittah
* Madyan (Midian)
* Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
* Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
* Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)

| In the
Arabian Peninsula
(excluding Madyan)|

* Al-Aḥqāf ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
* Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars)
* Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib)
* ʿArafāt and Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
* Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
* Badr
* Ḥunayn
* Makkah (Mecca)
* Bakkah
* Ḥaraman Āminan ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
* Kaʿbah (Kaaba)
* Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham)
* Safa and Marwa
* Sabaʾ (Sheba)
* ʿArim Sabaʾ (Dam of Sheba)
* Rass

|

Sinai Region
or Tīh Desert|

* Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa)
* Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
* Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ('The Blessed Place')
* Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor

In Mesopotamia|

* Al-Jūdiyy
* Munzalanm-Mubārakan ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
* Bābil (Babylon)
* Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of Jonah,' that is Nineveh)

Religious
locations|

* Bayʿa (Church)
* Miḥrāb
* Monastery
* Masjid (Mosque, literally 'Place of Prostration')
* Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ('The Sacred Grove')
* Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
* Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
* Masjid al-Dirar
* A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
* Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque)
* The Prophet's Mosque
* Salat (Synagogue)

Implied|

* Antioch
* Antakya
* Arabia
* Al-Ḥijāz (literally 'The Barrier')
* Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
* Cave of Hira
* Ghār ath-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
* Hudaybiyyah
* Ta'if
* Ayla
* Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
* Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
* Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
* Canaan
* Cave of Seven Sleepers
* Dār an-Nadwa
* Jordan River
* Nile River
* Palestine River
* Paradise of Shaddad

Events, incidents, occasions or times

* Incident of Ifk
* Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Decree)
* Event of Mubahala
* Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)
* The Farewell Pilgrimage
* Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

| Battles or
military expeditions|

* Battle of al-Aḥzāb ('the Confederates')
* Battle of Badr
* Battle of Hunayn
* Battle of Khaybar
* Battle of Uhud
* Expedition of Tabuk
* Conquest of Mecca

|

Days|

* Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday)
* As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
* Days of battles
* Days of Hajj
* Doomsday

Months of the
Islamic calendar|

* 12 months: Four holy months
* Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
* Ramaḍān

Pilgrimages|

* Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
* Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)

Times for prayer
or remembrance|

Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):

* Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
* Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings')
* Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')
* Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')
* Al-Layl ('The Night')
* Al-ʿIshāʾ ('The Late-Night')
* Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon')
* Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun')
* Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening')
* Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
* Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')
* Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon')
* Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun')
* Al-Fajr ('The Dawn')

Implied|

* Ghadir Khumm
* Laylat al-Mabit
* First Pilgrimage

Other

Holy books|

* Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
* Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
* Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
* At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
* Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
* Tablets of Stone
* Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
* Umm al-Kitāb ('Mother of the Book(s)')

Objects
of people
or beings|

* Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
* Noah's Ark
* Staff of Musa
* Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
* Throne of Bilqis
* Trumpet of Israfil

| Mentioned idols
(cult images)|

* 'Ansāb
* Jibt and Ṭāghūt (False god)

| Of Israelites|

* Baʿal
* The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites

|

Of Noah's people|

* Nasr
* Suwāʿ
* Wadd
* Yaghūth
* Yaʿūq

Of Quraysh|

* Al-Lāt
* Al-ʿUzzā
* Manāt

Celestial
bodies|

Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):

* Al-Qamar (The Moon)
* Kawākib (Planets)
* Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
* Nujūm (Stars)
* Ash-Shams (The Sun)

Plant matter|

* Baṣal (Onion)
* Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
* Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
* Sūq (Plant stem)
* Zarʿ (Seed)

| Fruits|

* ʿAdas (Lentil)
* Baql (Herb)
* Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber)
* Rummān (Pomegranate)
* Tīn (Fig)
* Zaytūn (Olive)
* In Paradise
* Forbidden fruit of Adam

|

Bushes, trees
or plants|

* Plants of Sheba
* Athl (Tamarisk)
* Sidr (Lote-tree)
* Līnah (Tender Palm tree)
* Nakhl (Date palm)
* Sidrat al-Muntahā
* Zaqqūm

Liquids|

* Māʾ (Water or fluid)
* Nahr (River)
* Yamm (River or sea)
* Sharāb (Drink)

Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

* v
* t
* e

Names of God

* In Hinduism
* In Zoroastrianism
* Abrahamic
* In Chinese
* In Christianity
* In Judaism
* In Islam
* In Mandaeism

* Adonai
* Ahura Mazda
* Khuda
* Parvardigar
* Allah
* Amun
* Aten
* Atum
* Bathala
* Brahman
* Bhagavan
* Mahadevi
* Tridevi
* Saraswati
* Lakshmi
* Parvati
* Kali
* Durga
* Deva
* Trimurti
* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Rama
* Krishna
* Shiva
* Hiranyagarbha
* Ishvara
* Om
* Tad Ekam
* Purusha
* Svayam Bhagavan
* Caodaism
* Chukwu
* Deus
* Devla
* Ein Sof
* El
* Elohim
* El Elyon
* El Shaddai
* God
* God the Father
* God the Son
* God the Holy Spirit
* Great Spirit
* Manitou/Gitche Manitou
* Wakan Tanka
* Haneunim
* Hayyi Rabbi
* Holy Spirit
* Huwa
* Hyang
* Acintya
* Sanghyang Adi Buddha
* Hypsistos
* I Am that I Am
* Jahbulon
* Jehovah 1
* Kami
* Mawu
* Mulungu
* Ngai
* Nyame
* Nzambi a Mpungu
* Olodumare
* Ọlọrun
* Olofi
* Osanobua
* Roog
* Shen
* Shangdi
* Tian
* Tianzhu
* Sol Invictus
* Elagabalus
* Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto
* The One
* Umvelinqangi
* Unkulunkulu
* Waheguru
* Ik Onkar
* YHWH
* Jehovah
* Jah
* Yahweh

* v
* t
* e

Theology

Conceptions of God

| Theism|

| Forms|

*   * Deism
* Dystheism
* Henotheism
* Hermeticism
* Kathenotheism
* Nontheism
* Monolatry
* Monotheism
* Urmonotheismus
* Mysticism
* Panentheism
* Pandeism
* Pantheism
* Polydeism
* Polytheism
* Spiritualism
* Theistic finitism
* Theopanism

|

Concepts|

*   * Deity
* Divinity
* Gender of God and gods
* Goddess
* Numen

Singular god
theologies|

| By faith|

* Abrahamic religions
* Baháʼí Faith
* Judaism
* Christianity
* Islam
* Buddhism
* Hinduism
* Jainism
* Sikhism
* Tenrikyo
* Zoroastrianism

|

Concepts|

* Absolute
* Brahman
* Emanationism
* Logos
* Supreme Being

God as|

* Time
* Good (Ahura Mazda, Father of Greatness)

Trinitarianism|

* Athanasian Creed
* Comma Johanneum
* Consubstantiality
* Homoousian
* Homoiousian
* Hypostasis
* Perichoresis
* Shield of the Trinity
* Trinitarian formula
* Trinity
* Trinity of the Church Fathers
* Trinitarian universalism

Eschatology|

* Afterlife
* Apocalypticism
* Fate of the unlearned
* Fitra
* Heaven / Hell

| By religion|

* Buddhist
* Christian
* Hindu
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Taoist
* Zoroastrian

|

Feminist|

* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Mormonism
* Goddesses

Other concepts|

* Attributes of God in Christianity / in Islam
* Binitarianism
* Demiurge
* Divine simplicity
* Divine presence
* Egotheism
* Exotheology
* Hermeneutics
* Holocaust
* Godhead in Christianity
* Latter Day Saints
* Great Architect of the Universe
* Great Spirit
* Apophatic theology
* Olelbis
* Open theism
* Personal god
* Phenomenological definition
* Philo's view
* Process
* Tian
* Unmoved mover

Names of God in|

* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism

By faith

| Christian|

* History
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* Hamartiology
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* Philosophy
* Political
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* Public
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* Soteriology

|

Hindu|

* Ayyavazhi theology
* Krishnology

Islamic|

* Oneness of God
* Prophets
* Holy Scriptures
* Angels
* Predestination
* Last Judgment

Jewish|

* Abrahamic prophecy
* Aggadah
* Denominations
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Pagan|

* Slavic Native Faith
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East Asian|

* Tenrikyo

Religion portal

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
* 2

National|

* United States
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Other|

* IdRef
* İslâm Ansiklopedisi

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[WM]: Al-Walid ibn Muslim according to al-Tirmidhi
*[AS]: Abd al-Malik al-San'ani according to Ibn Majah
*[AH]: Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Husayn according to al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
*[MD]: Ibn Mandah in his book Kitab al-Tawhid
*[HZ]: Ibn Hazm in his book al-Muhalla
*[AB]: Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi in his book Ahkam al-Quran
*[IW]: Muhammad ibn al-Wazir (Twelver Shi'i) in his book Ithar al-Haqq ala al-Khalq
*[IH]: Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in his book Fath al-Bari
*[BH]: Imam al-Bayhaqi in his book al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
*[IU]: Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin in his book al-Qawa'id al-Muthla
*[AR]: Mahmud Abd al-Razziq al-Ridhwani in his book Asma' Allah al-Husna al-Thabitah
*[AG]: Abdullah ibn Salih al-Ghasn in his book Asma Allah al-Husna
*[IN]: Abd al-Aziz ibn Nasir al-Julayyil in his book "Wa Lillahi al-Asma al-Husna"
*[SW]: Sa'id ibn Ali ibn Wahf Al-Qahtani in his book Sharh Asma al-Husna
*[AM]: Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad in his book Qutf al-Jana al-Dani