Nanaimo (provincial electoral district)

Provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada

Nanaimo British Columbia electoral district

Defunct provincial electoral district
Legislature| Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
First contested| 1941
Last contested| 2020
Demographics
Population (2011)| 57,008
Area (km²)| 458
Census division(s)| Nanaimo Regional District
Census subdivision(s)| Nanaimo, Nanaimo C

Nanaimo is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada, in use until 2024.

## Demographics

[edit]

Population, 2011[1] | 57,008

|

Area (km²)  | 458
Pop. Density (people per km²)  | 124.5

## Geography

[edit]

The riding contains most of the city of Nanaimo plus the uninhabited Five Finger Island, Snake Island and Hudson Rocks which are in the Nanaimo C electoral area.

## History

[edit]

The district was known as Nanaimo and the Islands from 1941 to 1963. It was formed of parts of the former ridings of Alberni-Nanaimo and The Islands. In the 1966 election the Nanaimo riding name was restored and the southern part of the riding became Saanich and the Islands. That area is now part of Saanich North and the Islands. An older riding with the name Nanaimo existed from 1871 to 1928.

In 1966, the riding contained the eastern and southern portions of the Nanaimo Regional District, plus Valdes Island and Lasqueti Island.

For the 1979 election, the riding shifted southwards, running from Lantzville in the north to Ladysmith in the south. It also lost Valdes and Lasqueti Islands.

From 1986 to 1991, the riding returned two members. In 1991, the riding shrunk in size. The northern part of the riding, including the northern coast of the City of Nanaimo was transferred to Parksville-Qualicum, while the southern boundary was moved up to the southern limit of the Nanaimo Regional District, except for Valdes Island, which was added back to the riding.

In 2001, the riding's western boundaries were extended to include nearly all of the Nanaimo C Electoral Area.

In 2009, the riding was drastically reduced in size, consisting solely of part of the city of Nanaimo. In the 2017 redistribution, the riding gained part of the City of Nanaimo west of the Nanaimo Parkway.

Under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution that took effect upon the calling of the 2024 election, the riding was eliminated by being divided north-south between Nanaimo-Lantzville and Nanaimo-Gabriola Island.

## Member of the Legislative Assembly

[edit]

Assembly  | Years  | Member  | Party

|
|
|

Nanaimo and the Islands
20th | 1941–1945  |  | George Sharratt Pearson | Liberal
21st | 1945–1949  |  | Coalition
22nd | 1949–1952
23rd | 1952–1953  |  | Larry Giovando | Progressive Conservative
24th | 1953–1956
25th | 1956–1960  |  | Earle Westwood | Social Credit
26th | 1960–1963
27th | 1963–1966  |  | David Stupich | New Democratic
Nanaimo
28th | 1966–1969  |  | David Stupich | New Democratic
29th | 1969–1972  |  | Frank Ney | Social Credit
30th | 1972–1975  |  | David Stupich | New Democratic
31st | 1975–1979
32nd | 1979–1983
33rd | 1983–1986
34th | 1986–1988  | Dale Lovick
David Stupich[2]
1989–1991  | Dale Lovick
Jan Pullinger
35th | 1991–1996  | Dale Lovick
36th | 1996–2001
37th | 2001–2005  |  | Mike Hunter | Liberal
38th | 2005–2009  |  | Leonard Krog | New Democratic
39th | 2009–2013
40th | 2013–2017
41st | 2017–2018
2019–2020  | Sheila Malcolmson
42nd | 2020–2024

## Election results

[edit]

* v
* t
* e

2020 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| New Democratic | Sheila Malcolmson | 14,334 | 54.49 | +4.57 | $34,570.32
| Green | Lia Marie Constance Versaevel | 6,078 | 23.09 | +15.74 | $5,101.61
| Liberal | Kathleen Jones | 5,903 | 22.42 | −17.51 | $26,013.13
Total valid votes  | 26,325 | 100.00 | –
Total rejected ballots  |  |   |
Turnout  |  |   |
Registered voters  |
Source: Elections BC[3][4]

* v
* t
* e

British Columbia provincial by-election, January 30, 2019

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| New Democratic | Sheila Malcolmson | 12,114 | 49.92 | +3.38 | $50,194
| Liberal | Tony Harris | 9,691 | 39.93 | +7.39 | $57,212
| Green | Michele Ney | 1,783 | 7.35 | −12.56 | $41,039
| Conservative | Justin Greenwood | 491 | 2.02 | – | $1,432
| Vancouver Island Party | Robin Mark Richardson | 112 | 0.46 | – | $4,208
| Libertarian | Bill Walker | 76 | 0.32 | −0.69 | $246
Total valid votes  | 24,267 | 100.00 | –
Total rejected ballots  | 33 | 0.14 | −0.36
Turnout  | 24,300 | 52.59 | −8.68
Registered voters  | 46,210
| New Democratic hold | Swing | −2.01
Source: Elections BC[5]

* v
* t
* e

2017 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| New Democratic | Leonard Krog | 12,746 | 46.54 | +0.83 | $27,486
| Liberal | Paris Gaudet | 8,911 | 32.54 | −4.66 | $68,406
| Green | Kathleen Harris | 5,454 | 19.91 | +9.31 | $5,042
| Libertarian | Bill Walker | 277 | 1.01 | – | $2,583
Total valid votes  | 27,388 | 100.00 | –
Total rejected ballots  | 137 | 0.50 | +0.06
Turnout  | 27,525 | 62.30 | +4.14
Registered voters  | 44,184
| New Democratic hold | Swing | +2.75
Source: Elections BC[6]

^ Change is based on redistributed results

2013 provincial general election redistributed results[7]

Party  | Vote  | %
| New Democratic | 11,363 | 45.71
| Liberal | 9,247 | 37.19
| Green | 2,635 | 10.60
| Conservative | 1,344 | 5.41
| Others | 272 | 1.09

* v
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2013 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| New Democratic | Leonard Krog | 10,821 | 46.25 | −7.08 | $57,730
| Liberal | Walter Douglas Anderson | 8,568 | 36.62 | +0.32 | $37,016
| Green | Ian Elliot Gartshore | 2,532 | 10.82 | +1.68 | $5,020
| Conservative | Bryce Nelson Crigger | 1,221 | 5.22 | – | $6,297
| Independent | Brunie Brunie | 253 | 1.09 | – | $1,339
Total valid votes  | 23,395 | 100.00 | –
Total rejected ballots  | 103 | 0.44 | −0.27
Turnout  | 23,498 | 57.96 | +0.84
Registered voters  | 40,545
| New Democratic hold | Swing | −3.70
Source: Elections BC[8]

* v
* t
* e

2009 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| New Democratic | Leonard Krog | 11,877 | 53.33 | +7.9
| Liberal | Jeet Manhas | 8,086 | 36.31 | -6.2
| Green | Dirk Becker | 2,036 | 9.14 | -0.8
| Refederation | Linden Robert Shaw | 272 | 1.22 |
Total valid votes  | 22,271 | 99.29
Total rejected ballots  | 160 | 0.71
Turnout  | 22,431 | 57.12
Eligible voters  | 39,273
| New Democratic hold | Swing | +7.1

^ Change is based on redistributed results.

2005 provincial general election redistributed results[9]

Party  | %
| New Democratic | 45.4
| Liberal | 42.5
| Green | 9.9
| Others | 2.2

* v
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* e

2005 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±%
| New Democratic | Leonard Krog | 13,226 | 51.90 | +21.67
| Liberal | Mike Hunter | 8,657 | 33.97 | -10.67
| Green | Doug Catley | 2,933 | 11.51 | -5.94
| Marijuana | Mat Dillon | 294 | 1.15 | -2.92
| Independent | Brunie Brunie | 204 | 0.80 | -0.11
| Refederation | Linden Robert Shaw | 169 | 0.66 | –
Total valid votes  | 25,483 | 99.45
Total rejected ballots  | 140 | 0.55 | +0.05
Turnout  | 25,623 | 62.83 | -7.04
Eligible voters  | 40,782
| New Democratic gain from Liberal | Swing | +16.17

* v
* t
* e

2001 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| Liberal | Mike Hunter | 9,748 | 44.64 | +11.28 | $46,911
| New Democratic | Leonard Krog | 6,602 | 30.23 | -18.51 | $15,152
| Green | Doug Catley | 3,810 | 17.45 | +15.33 | $3,225
| Marijuana | Donald Edgar Lavallée | 889 | 4.07 | – | $428
| Unity | Steve Miller | 588 | 2.69 | – | $1,799
| Independent | Brunie Brunie | 199 | 0.91 | – | $530
Total valid votes  | 21,836 | 99.50
Total rejected ballots  | 110 | 0.50 | -0.27
Turnout  | 21,946 | 69.87 | +0.08
Registered voters  | 31,412
| Liberal gain from New Democratic | Swing | +14.90
1996 British Columbia general election

Party  | Candidate  | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures
| New Democratic | Dale Lovick | 11,210  | 48.75  |  | $16,425
| Liberal | Gary Korpan | 7,672 | 33.36 |  | $52,556
| Reform | Garry D. Shepp | 1,867 | 8.12 |  | $6,948
| Progressive Democrat | David J. Weston | 1,337 | 5.81 | – | $703
| Green | Karen M. Shillington | 486 | 2.11 | – | $250
| Family Coalition | Vicki Podetz | 311 | 1.35 | – | $247
| Libertarian | Mark Chase | 113 | 0.49 |  | $365
Total valid votes  | 22,996 | 99.23
Total rejected ballots  | 179 | 0.77 | -
Turnout  | 23,175 | 69.79
Eligible voters  | 33,207
B.C. General Election 1991: Nanaimo  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | Dale Lovick | 11,135  | 51.25%  |  | $39,246
| Liberal | Raymond A. Brookbank | 7,556 | 34.77% |  | $1,051
| Social Credit | Vivian M. Garner | 2,480 | 11.41% | – | $17,601
| Green | Karen M. Shillington | 342 | 1.57% | – | $506
| Family Coalition | David P. Bentley | 145 | 0.67% | – | $226
| Libertarian | Jack Boulogne | 71 | 0.33%
Total Valid Votes  | 21,729  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 469  | 2.11%  |  |
Turnout  | 22,198  | 74.54%  |  |
Nanaimo By-Election 15 March 1989 (54% Voter turnout)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | Jan Pullinger | 14,613  | 57.12%  |  | $36,999
| Social Credit | Larry McNabb | 9,062 | 35.42% | – | $42,216
| Liberal | Raymond A. Brookbank | 1,908 | 7.46% |  | $5,414
Total Valid Votes  | 25,583  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 183  | 0.71%  |  |
Turnout  | 25,766  | 54.29%  |  |
34th British Columbia election, 1986 1 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 18,213 | 26.52% |  |
| NDP | Dale Lovick | 17,251 | 25.11% |  |
| Social Credit | Doug McBride | 15,868 | 23.10% | – |
| Social Credit | James Alexander (Alex) Stuart | 15,497 | 22.56% | – |
| Liberal | Edwin V. Bourke | 1,535 | 2.24% |  |
| Communist | Deborah A. MacDonald | 325 | 0.47% |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 68,689  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 773  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
1 two-member seat during this election
33rd British Columbia election, 1983 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 17,436 | 52.17% |  |
| Social Credit | Graham J.R. Alce | 13,490 | 40.36% | – |
| Western Canada Concept | John Lloyd Cowan | 1,090 | 3.26%
| Green | Alan Joseph Timberlake | 625 | 1.87% | – |
| Liberal | Shelagh J.F. (Sue) Matthews  | 554  | 1.66%  |  |
| Independent  | Howard Peter Yearwood  | 228  | 0.68%  |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 33,423  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 269  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
32nd British Columbia election, 1979 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 17,021 | 58.69% |  |
| Social Credit | Thomas Wesley (Tom) Humble | 11,979 | 41.31% | – |
Total Valid Votes  | 29,000  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 420  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
31st British Columbia election, 1975 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 12,177 | 49.08% |  |
| Social Credit | Graeme C. Roberts | 11,041 | 44.50% | – |
| Progressive Conservative | Marjorie Ennis Moore  | 869  | 3.50%  |  |
| Liberal | William Harold Matthews  | 636  | 2.56%  |  |
| Communist | Raymond Holmgren | 90 | 0.36% |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 24,813  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 187  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
30th British Columbia election, 1972 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 10,478 | 52.60% |  |
| Social Credit | Frank Ney | 6,409 | 32.17% | – |
| Progressive Conservative | Graeme C. Roberts  | 1,880  | 9.44%  |  |
| Liberal | Lloyd Schoop  | 916  | 4.60%  |  |
| Independent  | Nelson Edward Allen  | 238  | 1.19%  |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 19,921  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 327  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
29th British Columbia election, 1969 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Social Credit | Frank Ney | 8,252  | 49.22% | – |
| NDP | David Stupich | 7,790  | 46.47%  |  |
| Liberal | Robert Steven Plecas | 722  | 4.31%  |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 16,764  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 153  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |
28th British Columbia election, 1966 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 5,625 | 47.99% |  |
| Social Credit | Frank Ney | 5,580 | 47.61% | – |
| Liberal | Robert Paul Goseltine  | 516  | 4.40%  |  |
Total Valid Votes  | 11,721  | 100.00%  |  |
Total Rejected Ballots  | 114  | %  |  |
Turnout  |  | %  |  |

### Nanaimo and The Islands (1941-1966)

[edit]

27th British Columbia election, 1963 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| NDP | David Stupich | 4,278 | 42.44% |  | unknown
| Liberal | Robert Clayton Weir  | 960  | 9.52%  |  | unknown
| Social Credit | Earle Cathers Westwood | 4,259 | 42.26% | – | unknown
| Progressive Conservative | Cornelia Petronella Adriana Wildman  | 582  | 5.77%  |  | unknown
Total valid votes  | 10,079  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 79  |  |
Turnout  | 65.33%  |  |
26th British Columbia election, 1960 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | Colin Cameron | 4,548  | 41.87%  |  | unknown
| Liberal | Hugh Basil Heath  | 1,036  | 9.54%  |  | unknown
| Communist | Irving Floyd Mortensen | 72 | 0.66% |  | unknown
| Progressive Conservative | Edward Drewry Strongitharm  | 607  | 5.59%  |  | unknown
| Social Credit | Earle Cathers Westwood | 4,599  | 42.34% | – | unknown
Total valid votes  | 10,862  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 151  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |
25th British Columbia election, 1956 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Independent  | Edward Joseph Brewster  | 69  | 0.77%  |  | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | Arthur Roderick Glen  | 2,963  | 32.92%  |  | unknown
| Liberal | Peter Maffeo  | 2,142  | 23.80%  |  | unknown
| Social Credit | Earle Cathers Westwood | 3,827  | 45.52% | – | unknown
Total valid votes  | 9,001  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 109  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |
24th British Columbia election, 1953 2

Party  | Candidate  | Votes
1st count | %  | Votes
final count | %  | ±%
| Liberal | Elmer Pearce Bradshaw  | 1,375  | 13.99%  | \-  | - %  |  | unknown
| Independent  | Edward Joseph Brewster  | 32  | 0.33%  | \-  | - %  |  | unknown
| Progressive Conservative | Larry Giovando | 2,046 | 20.82% | 4,376 | 50.10% |  | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | David Stupich | 3,631  | 36.96%  | 4,358  | 49.90%  |  | unknown
| Labor-Progressive | Grace Ellen Tickson  | 115  | 1.17%  | \-  | -%  |  | unknown
| Social Credit | Earle Cathers Westwood | 2,626 | 26.73%
Total valid votes  | 9,825  | 100.00%  | 8,734  | %  |
Total rejected ballots  | 363  |  |  |  |
Total Registered Voters  |  |  |  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |  |  |
Preferential ballot; final count is between top two candidates from first count; intermediary counts (of 5) not shown
23rd British Columbia election, 19521

Party  | Candidate  | Votes
1st count | %  | Votes
final count | %  | ±%
| Liberal | Elmer Pearce Bradshaw  | 2,263  | 21.59%  | \-  | - %  |  | unknown
| Social Credit League | Edward Joseph Brewster | 951 | 9.07%
| Progressive Conservative | Larry Giovando | 3,346 | 31.92% | 5,144 | 52.89% |  | unknown
| Labor-Progressive | Nigel Morgan  | 207  | 1.97%  | \-  | -%  |  | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | David Stupich | 3,715  | 35.44%  | 4,581  | 47.11%  |  | unknown
Total valid votes  | 10,482  | 100.00%  | 9,725  | %  |
Total rejected ballots  | 207  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |
1 Preferential ballot; final count is between top two candidates from first count; intermediary counts (of 4) not shown
22nd British Columbia election, 1949 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Coalition | George Sharratt Pearson | 5,860  | 61.50%  | – | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | David Stupich | 3,564  | 37.41%  |  | unknown
| Union of Electors | Herbert William Summers | 104 | 1.09% | – | unknown
Total valid votes  | 9,528  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 58  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |
21st British Columbia election, 1945 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Social Credit Alliance | George Henry Broughton | 89 | 1.55% | – | unknown
| Coalition | George Sharratt Pearson | 3,124  | 54.24%  | – | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | Joseph White  | 2,547  | 44.22%  |  | unknown
Total valid votes  | 5,760  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 66  |  |
Turnout  | 63.19%  |  |
20th British Columbia election, 1941 Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±  | Expenditures

|
|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Birch Harrison | 1,208 | 24.17% |  | unknown
| Co-operative Commonwealth Fed. | Thomas O'Connor  | 1,615  | 32.31%  |  | unknown
| Liberal | George Sharratt Pearson | 2,175 | 43.52% |  | unknown
Total valid votes  | 4,998  | 100.00%  |
Total rejected ballots  | 62  |  |
Turnout  | %  |  |

## External links

[edit]

* BC Stats Profile - 2001
* Results of 2001 election (pdf)
* 2001 Expenditures
* Results of 1996 election
* 1996 Expenditures
* Results of 1991 election
* 1991 Expenditures
* Results of 1989 by-election
* 1989 Expenditures
* Website of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia

* v
* t
* e

British Columbia provincial electoral districts (2024–present)

North/Central|

* Bulkley Valley-Stikine
* Cariboo-Chilcotin
* Nechako Lakes
* North Coast-Haida Gwaii
* Peace River North
* Peace River South
* Prince George-Mackenzie
* Prince George-North Cariboo
* Prince George-Valemount
* Skeena

Southern Interior|

* Boundary-Similkameen
* Columbia River-Revelstoke
* Fraser-Nicola
* Kamloops Centre
* Kamloops-North Thompson
* Kelowna Centre
* Kelowna-Lake Country-Coldstream
* Kelowna-Mission
* Kootenay Central
* Kootenay-Monashee
* Kootenay-Rockies
* Penticton-Summerland
* Salmon Arm-Shuswap
* Vernon-Lumby
* West Kelowna-Peachland

Fraser Valley / South LM|

* Abbotsford-Mission
* Abbotsford South
* Abbotsford West
* Chilliwack North
* Chilliwack-Cultus Lake
* Delta North
* Delta South
* Langley-Abbotsford
* Langley-Walnut Grove
* Langley-Willowbrook
* Maple Ridge East
* Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows
* Richmond-Bridgeport
* Richmond-Queensborough
* Richmond Centre
* Richmond-Steveston
* Surrey City Centre
* Surrey-Cloverdale
* Surrey-Fleetwood
* Surrey-Guildford
* Surrey-Newton
* Surrey North
* Surrey-Panorama
* Surrey-Serpentine River
* Surrey South
* Surrey-White Rock

Vancouver / North LM|

* Burnaby Centre
* Burnaby East
* Burnaby South-Metrotown
* Burnaby-New Westminster
* Burnaby North
* Coquitlam-Burke Mountain
* Coquitlam-Maillardville
* New Westminster-Coquitlam
* North Vancouver-Lonsdale
* North Vancouver-Seymour
* Port Coquitlam
* Port Moody-Burquitlam
* Powell River-Sunshine Coast
* Vancouver-Fraserview
* Vancouver-Hastings
* Vancouver-Kensington
* Vancouver-Langara
* Vancouver-Little Mountain
* Vancouver-Point Grey
* Vancouver-Quilchena
* Vancouver-Renfrew
* Vancouver-South Granville
* Vancouver-Strathcona
* Vancouver-West End
* Vancouver-Yaletown
* West Vancouver-Capilano
* West Vancouver-Sea to Sky

Vancouver Island|

* Courtenay-Comox
* Cowichan Valley
* Esquimalt-Colwood
* Juan de Fuca-Malahat
* Ladysmith-Oceanside
* Langford-Highlands
* Mid Island-Pacific Rim
* Nanaimo-Lantzville
* Nanaimo-Gabriola Island
* North Island
* Oak Bay-Gordon Head
* Saanich North and the Islands
* Saanich South
* Victoria-Beacon Hill
* Victoria-Swan Lake

See also:|

* 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution
* List of British Columbia general elections
* 2024 general election
* Defunct districts

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Final Report" (PDF). September 24, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018.
2. ^ Seat at this time was a two-member seat Dave Stupich resigned in 1988, Lovick continued to represent district solo until joined by Jan Pullinger in 1989.
3. ^ "2020 Provincial General Election Final Voting Results". electionsbcenr.blob.core.windows.net. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
4. ^ "Election Financing Reports". Elections BC. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
5. ^ "2019 Nanaimo By-election Final Voting Results by Voting Area" (PDF). Elections BC. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
6. ^ "2017 Provincial General Election - Statement of Votes" (PDF). Elections BC. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
7. ^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
8. ^ "Statement of Votes - 40th Provincial General Election" (PDF). Elections BC. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
9. ^ UBC Election Stock Market: Assumed Transposition of Votes

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