Naolinco volcanic field

Volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico

19°40′N 96°45′W﻿ / ﻿19.67°N 96.75°W﻿ / 19.67; -96.75[1]

Naolinco volcanic field is a volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico.[2] It lies in the region of the cities of Jalapa and Naolinco,[3] and the town of Naolinco lies in the field.[4]

## Geologic context

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The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is best known for calc-alkaline volcanoes such as Pico de Orizaba and Popocatepetl stratovolcanoes as well as calderas and pyroclastic cones; however it also features scattered alkali basalt volcanism. It lies at an angle to the Middle America Trench unlike the more typical volcanic arcs of Central America;[5] some theories consider the belt to be independent from the trench.[6] In its eastern region lies the Cofre de Perote and a group of volcanoes including the Naolinco Volcanic Field.[7]

Sometimes it and some neighbouring monogenetic volcanoes such as those at Cofre de Perote are included into a "Xalapa volcanic field", which would have about 50 volcanic centres.[8][9] Despite their location, they are most likely unrelated to Cofre de Perote itself.[7]

## The field

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The Naolinco Volcanic Field lies in the Sierra de Chiconquiaco.[7] It includes the volcanic cones of Cerro Acatlan, which is the largest cone in the field,[1] Cerro el Hoyo, two Cerro Gordo cones, Cerro Organo and Pueblo Viejo.[10] The cone Rincon de Chapultepec has a crater 275 metres (902 ft) wide.[11] The individual centres appear to be aligned in a northeast-southwest direction.[12] Lava flows from Naolinco volcanoes have flowed south.[4] Pyroclastic material is also found in the area.[1]

## Eruptive history

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Potassium-argon dating of the field has yielded ages of 1.2 and 0.82 million years ago.[13] Volcanic products at Naolinco are mainly basaltic.[1]

The most recent activity at Naolinco occurred at Rincon de Chapultepec, which erupted the Coacotzintla lava flow 2,980 years before present.[8] This lava flow reached a length of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and a surface area of 8.1 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi); the total volume of lava is about 122,000,000 cubic metres (4.3×109 cu ft).[14] Two other lava flows were erupted by the cone, one of which is buried by scoria.[11] Two more recent eruptions occurred at Volcancillo[15] and produced the more than 40 kilometres (25 mi) long Naolinco lava flow.[16]

Future eruptions of Naolinco, especially very voluminous ones, may endanger towns and cities in the area,[17] although most of them would affect the sparsely populated Naolinco valley unless fairly long.[2]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d "Naolinco Volcanic Field". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
2. ^ a b Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 202.
3. ^ Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 181.
4. ^ a b Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 184.
5. ^ Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 180.
6. ^ Rodríguez et al. 2010, p. 149.
7. ^ a b c Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 183.
8. ^ a b Paolo Papale (29 October 2014). Volcanic Hazards, Risks and Disasters. Academic Press. p. 328\. ISBN 978-0-12-396476-2.
9. ^ Jácome-Paz et al. 2022, p. 5.
10. ^ Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 186.
11. ^ a b Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 190.
12. ^ Rodríguez et al. 2010, p. 150.
13. ^ Orozco-Esquivel, Teresa; M. Petrone, Chiara; Ferrari, Luca; Tagami, Takahiro; Manetti, Piero (2007-01-01). "Geochemical and isotopic variability in lavas from the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: Slab detachment in a subduction zone with varying dip". Lithos. 93 (1–2): 156. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.06.006.1–2&rft.pages=156&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.06.006&rft.aulast=Orozco-Esquivel&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.au=M.+Petrone,+Chiara&rft.au=Ferrari,+Luca&rft.au=Tagami,+Takahiro&rft.au=Manetti,+Piero&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Naolinco+volcanic+field" class="Z3988">
14. ^ Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 185.
15. ^ Jácome-Paz et al. 2022, p. 9.
16. ^ Jácome-Paz et al. 2022, p. 25.
17. ^ Siebert & Carrasco-Núñez 2002, p. 200.

### Sources

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* Jácome-Paz, Mariana Patricia; Torres-Orozco, Rafael; Espinasa-Pereña, Ramón; de la Fuente Rivera, Juan Ramón; Sánchez, Jesús Octavio Ruiz; Delgado-Granados, Hugo (December 2022). "Review of geology and geomorphology of the Xalapa Monogenetic Volcanic Field, eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 432: 107689. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107689.
* Rodríguez, S. R.; Morales-Barrera, W.; Layer, P.; González-Mercado, E. (2010-11-30). "A quaternary monogenetic volcanic field in the Xalapa region, eastern Trans-Mexican volcanic belt: Geology, distribution and morphology of the volcanic vents". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Continental Margin Volcanism - A volume in memory of James F. Luhr. 197 (1–4): 149–166\. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.003.1–4&rft.pages=149-166&rft.date=2010-11-30&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.003&rft.aulast=Rodríguez&rft.aufirst=S.+R.&rft.au=Morales-Barrera,+W.&rft.au=Layer,+P.&rft.au=González-Mercado,+E.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Naolinco+volcanic+field" class="Z3988">
* Siebert, Lee; Carrasco-Núñez, Gerardo (2002-06-15). "Late-Pleistocene to precolumbian behind-the-arc mafic volcanism in the eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt; implications for future hazards". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 115 (1–2): 179–205\. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00316-X.1–2&rft.pages=179-205&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00316-X&rft.aulast=Siebert&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.au=Carrasco-Núñez,+Gerardo&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Naolinco+volcanic+field" class="Z3988">