National Accountability Bureau

Pakistan's anti-corruption agency

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National Accountability Bureauقومی احتساب بیورو

NAB Office, Lahore
Agency overview
Formed| 1999; 25 years ago (1999)
Preceding|

* Ehtesab Cell[1]

Jurisdiction| Pakistan
Headquarters| G-5, Shahrah-i-Jamuriat, Islamabad.
Agency executive|

* Lt Gen (retd) Nazir Ahmed Butt, Chairman

Parent department| Autonomous
Website| www.nab.gov.pk

The National Accountability Bureau (Urdu: قومی احتساب بیورو; abbreviated NAB) is Pakistan's anti-corruption agency. Its chairman is Nazir Ahmed Butt, a retired general.

## History[edit]

The Ehtesab Act, 1997 established an Ehtesab Cell, charged with the investigation and prosecution of corruption.[1]

Under the National Accountability Ordinance, 1999, the NAB was established as the cell's successor, and given the additional responsibility of preventing and raising awareness of corruption.[2] The NAB is also responsible for money-laundering investigations under the Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2010.[3]

## Organization[edit]

The principal officers of the NAB are its Chairman and Prosecutor General. Its headquarters are in Islamabad. There are regional bureaus under Directors General in Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar, Sukkur and Multan.[4] There are four sub-offices (for Gwadar, Hyderabad, Gilgit and Baltistan, and Chamman[5]) under Additional Directors.[6]

The current senior management of NAB is as follows:-[7]

Designation  | Name of officer

|

Chairman NAB  | Lt Gen (R) Nazir Ahmed Butt[8]
Prosecutor General of Accountability  | Syed Ihtesham Qadir Shah[9]
Deputy Chairman NAB  | Sohail Nasir[10]
Director General (Operations)  | Tariq Hamid Butt
Director General (Rawalpindi)  | Mirza Irfan Baig [11]
Director General (Lahore)  | Amjad Majeed Aulakh [12]
Director General (Karachi)  | DIG Javed Akbar Riaz [13]
Director General (KPK)  | DIG Waqar Ahmed Chauhan [14]
Director General (Balochistan)  | Izhar Ahmed Awan
Director General (Sukkur)  | Fayaz Ahmed Qureshi [15]
Director General (Multan)  | Engr. Masood Alam [16]
Director General (Headquarters)  | Farmanullah
Director General (Training & Research)  | Irfan Naeem Mangi [17]
Director General (Awareness & Prevention)  | Nauman Aslam [18][19]
Director General (Human Resource Management)  | Farmanullah (acting)

The Federal Public Service Commission is responsible for recruitment of Assistant Directors.[20] Newly recruited Assistant Directors attend a five to seven month 'Investigators Basic Induction Course' and are then posted to the central headquarters of the NAB or its regional bureaus.[21]

The NAB's Forensic Science Lab was inaugurated by Qamar Zaman Chaudhry, then Chairman, on 20 October 2015. It assists investigations by offering expert opinions on forensic matters.[22]

The NAB has also established a Pakistan Anti-Corruption Academy.[23]

For each region or sub-office there is an Accountability Court, which tries offences under the National Accountability Ordinance, 1999.[2] The Accountability Courts are completely independent from NAB, which are headed by District & Sessions Judge or Additional District & Sessions Judge. The judges are posted for three years term on deputation from the provincial judiciary.[2]

## Performance[edit]

Since its establishment, NAB has recovered Rs. 891 billion out of which Rs. 543 billion has been indirectly recovered in the form of government's or public usurped land.[24][page needed]

The conviction rate of NAB is 75%, which is way higher than Federal Investigation Agency, provincial Anti-Corruption Establishments, Police and other investigative agencies in Pakistan.[24]

## Criticism[edit]

In the Broadsheet case, the NAB has been accused of making payments to the wrong person as settlements and has been held by the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) of 'conspiring' to defraud and financially harm Broadsheet LLC.[25][26] According to an editorial in Dawn, the NAB's actions cost Pakistan's taxpayers $28 million in payments as damages as well as a loss of face.[27]

## List of Chairmen NAB[edit]

The Chairman, National Accountability Bureau is to be appointed by the Federal Government in case the post becomes vacant after consultation between the Leader of the House and the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly for a fixed three years term which is non-extendable.

Name of Chairperson  | Entered Office  | Left Office

|
|

Lt Gen Syed Muhammad Amjad[28][29] | 16-11-1999  | 25-09-2000
Lt Gen Khalid Maqbool[30][31] | 26-09-2000  | 26-10-2001
Lt Gen Munir Hafiez[32][33] | 01-11-2001  | 31-10-2005
Lt Gen (R) Shahid Aziz[34][35] | 11-11-2005  | 03-07-2007
Nawaid Ahsan [36] | 06-07-2007  | 13-06-2010
Javed Zia Qazi (Acting) [37] | 14-06-2010  | 01-09-2010
Justice (R) Syed Deedar Hussain Shah [38][39] | 08-10-2010  | 10-03-2011
Javed Zia Qazi (Acting) [40] | 11-03-2011  | 09-10-2011
ADM (R) Fasih Bokhari[41] | 10-10-2011  | 25-08-2013
Rear Admiral (R) Saeed Ahmed Sargana (Acting) [42] | 26-08-2013  | 07-10-2013
Maj (R) Qamar Zaman Chaudhry[43] | 08-10-2013  | 07-10-2017
Justice (R) Javed Iqbal[44][45] | 11-10-2017  | 03-03-2022
Zahir Shah (Acting) [46] | 04-06-2022  | 20-07-2022
Aftab Sultan | 21-07-2022  | 21-02-2023
Zahir Shah (Acting) [47] | 25-02-2023  | 03-03-2023
Lt Gen (R) Nazir Ahmed Butt[48] | 4 March 2023  | Present

## See also[edit]

* Pakistan portal

* Exit Control List
* Ministry of Interior
* National Reconciliation Ordinance

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b NA website [dead link]
2. ^ a b c "The National Accountability Ordinance, 1999" (PDF). pakistancode.gov.pk. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
3. ^ "Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2010 Act No. VII of 2010" (PDF). fmu.gov.pk. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
4. ^ "National Accountability Bureau".
5. ^ https://daily6am.com.pk/2024/05/03/25932/
6. ^ "National Accountability Bureau".
7. ^ "National Accountability Bureau".
8. ^ "Lt Gen (Retd) Nazir Ahmad Butt appointed new NAB chief". 4 March 2023.
9. ^ "Appointment of Syed Ehtisham Qadir Shah as Prosecutor General of the National Accountability Bureau". molaw.gov.pk. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
10. ^ "Appointment of Sohail Nasir as Deputy Chairman, National Accountability Bureau". molaw.gov.pk. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
11. ^ "PID".
12. ^ "Amjad Majeed Aulak appointed NAB's Lahore DG". 13 March 2023.
13. ^ "Posting, transfer of NAB DGS".
14. ^ "Waqar Ahmed Chohan appointed NAB DG". 12 May 2023.
15. ^ "Notification of NAB officials' transfers and postings issued".
16. ^ "Notification of NAB officials' transfers and postings issued".
17. ^ "Major reshuffle in NAB". 5 July 2022.
18. ^ "NAB DG Shahzad Saleem transferred". 7 December 2023.
19. ^ "Major reshuffle in NAB". 5 July 2022.
20. ^ Official Gazette nab.gov.pk
21. ^ "Training Plan 2020" (PDF). nab.gov.pk.
22. ^ "NAB has established forensic laboratory having facilities of question documents and finger prints' analysis". 5 September 2020.
23. ^ "NAB sets up Pakistan Anti-Corruption Academy".
24. ^ a b "NAP Annual Report 2022" (PDF). nab.gov.pk.
25. ^ Syed, Wajid Ali (18 January 2021). "NAB 'conspired' to defraud Broadsheet". The News Pakistan.
26. ^ Malik, Hasnaat (10 June 2020). "NAB seeks $17m for payment of penalty". Express Tribune.
27. ^ "Broadsheet Judgement". The Dawn. 20 January 2021.
28. ^ "Who is the Current Chairman of NAB?". 17 May 2022.
29. ^ "NAB's first chief appears before JIT". 30 June 2017.
30. ^ "Gen Maqbool to be new Punjab governor". 27 October 2001.
31. ^ "Tariq ready to appear before Broadsheet body".
32. ^ "Refworld | Pakistan: The National Accountability Bureau (NAB), including its mandate, legal framework and powers; whether there have been any reports of allegations of corruption or bias against the NAB".
33. ^ "National strategy against corruption need of hour, NAB chairman briefs Balochistan cabinet". 18 February 2004.
34. ^ "Lt-Gen Shahid appointed NAB chairman". 10 November 2005.
35. ^ "NAB Chairman Resigns". 9 May 2007.
36. ^ "NAB Chairman Naveed Ahsan resigns". Dawn. 24 February 2010.
37. ^ "Appointment of NAB acting chief challenged". 19 June 2010.
38. ^ "Deedar named new NAB chairman". 8 October 2010.
39. ^ "Supreme Court asks NAB chief Deedar Shah to pack up". 10 March 2011.
40. ^ "SC directs govt to appoint NAB chairman". 21 June 2011.
41. ^ "SC declares NAB chairman Fasih Bukhari's appointment null, void". 28 May 2013.
42. ^ "After NAB chief removal: Deputy chairman in trouble too". 30 May 2013.
43. ^ "Chairman NAB: Qamar Zaman Chaudhry notified over appointment". 10 October 2013.
44. ^ "Hot seat: Justice Javed Iqbal new NAB chief". 8 October 2017.
45. ^ "Javed Iqbal's tenure as NAB chairman comes to an end". 3 June 2022.
46. ^ "Zahir Shah appointed acting NAB chairman as Javed Iqbal's tenure comes to an end". 2 June 2022.
47. ^ "Zahir Shah appointed as acting NAB chairman". 26 February 2023.
48. ^ "Lt Gen (Retd) Nazir Ahmad Butt appointed new NAB chief". 4 March 2023.

## External links[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Corruption

Corruption in different fields|

* Corporate crime
* Corruption in local government
* Interest group corruption
* Police corruption
* Political corruption

Measures of corruption|

* Corruption Perceptions Index
* Economics of corruption

Forms or aspects
of corruption|

| General|

* Baksheesh
* Black market / Grey market
* Bribery
* Collusion
* Commercial bribery
* Confidence trick
* Embezzlement
* Extortion
* Fraud
* Graft (politics)
* Honest services fraud
* Kickback
* Match fixing
* Money laundering
* Cryptocurrency and crime
* Hawala and crime
* Noble cause corruption
* Professional courtesy
* Slush fund
* Tax evasion
* Tax haven
* Offshore investment
* Offshore financial centre

|

State|

* Clientelism
* Coronelism
* Crony capitalism
* Cronyism
* Elite capture
* Failed state
* Kleptocracy
* Mafia state
* Nepotism
* Plutocracy
* Political scandal
* Regulatory capture
* Rent-seeking
* Rent-setting
* State capture
* State crime

Elections|

* Ballot stuffing
* Electoral fraud
* Election security
* Gerrymandering
* Vote pairing
* Vote suppression

Institutions dealing
with corruption|

| International|

* Global Financial Integrity
* Global Witness
* Group of States Against Corruption
* International Anti-Corruption Academy
* Mo Ibrahim Foundation
* Transparency International
* UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations

|

National|

* Oficina Anticorrupción (Argentina)
* Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh) (Bangladesh)
* Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory (Burundi)
* National Anti-Corruption Observatory (Cameroon)
* National Supervisory Commission (China)
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
* Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
* USKOK (Croatia)
* Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
* Central Vigilance Commission (India)
* KPK (Indonesia)
* Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (Latvia)
* Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (Liberia)
* Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
* BIANCO (Madagascar)
* Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar (Myanmar)
* Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (Nigeria)
* National Accountability Bureau (Pakistan)
* Investigation Task Force Sweep (Papua New Guinea)
* Central Anticorruption Bureau (Poland)
* Anti-Corruption General Directorate (Romania)
* National Anticorruption Directorate (Romania)
* Investigative Committee of Russia (Russia)
* Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
* Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (Singapore)
* Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
* Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (South Korea)
* Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera (Spain)
* National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (Ukraine)
* Warioba Commission (Tanzania)
* Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption (Vietnam)

Anti-corruption|

| Laws and
enforcement|

* Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011 (pending)
* Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
* Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
* Freedom of information laws by country
* The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
* UK Bribery Act of 2010
* Whistleblower protection

|

International
instruments
and efforts|

* Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
* International asset recovery
* International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
* OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
* United Nations Convention against Corruption

Protest
movements|

* 2011 Azerbaijani protests
* 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
* 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
* Anti-austerity movement in Spain
* Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
* Russian anti-corruption campaign
* Yo Soy 132
* 2017–2019 Romanian protests
* 2017–2018 Russian protests

* v
* t
* e

Pakistani Intelligence Community

Executive|

* National Security Council
* C2NS
* JS HQ
* National Intelligence Coordination Committee (NICC)

Internal|

* Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)
* Intelligence Bureau (IB)
* Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)
* Special Branch (Police)
* National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA)
* ANF Intelligence Branch (ANF)

External|

* Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)

Defence|

* Military Intelligence (MI)
* Naval Intelligence (NI)
* Air Intelligence (AI)

Civil Armed Forces
Intelligence|

* Frontier Corps Field Intelligence
* Pakistan Rangers Intelligence Wings
* GB Scouts Intelligence Wing
* Pakistan Coast Guards Field Intelligence
* Frontier Constabulary Intelligence

Economic|

* National Accountability Bureau (NAB)
* DG Intelligence and Investigation (DGII)
* Financial Monitoring Unit (FMU)

Intelligence measurement|

* Threat Matrix
* Strategic depth

Intelligence reforms|

* Ordinance VIII (1948)
* HRC Report (1974)
* SuRC Report (1992)
* AC Report (2013)
* Protection of Pakistan Ordinance (2014)

* v
* t
* e

Independent departments and agencies of the Government of Pakistan

Departments|

* Attorney-General for Pakistan
* Election Commission of Pakistan
* Export–Import Bank
* Federal Judicial Academy
* Institute of Bankers
* Institute of Chartered Accountants
* Institute of Cost and Management Accountants
* Institute of Public Finance Accountants
* Institute for Parliamentary Services
* Inter-Services Intelligence
* National Accountability Bureau
* National Centre for Physics
* Centre for Earthquake Studies
* National Command Authority
* KRL
* NESCOM
* PAEC
* PNRA
* SUPARCO
* SPD Force
* Pakistan Bar Council
* Council for Architects and Town Planners
* Public Private Partnership Authority
* Zarai Taraqiati Bank

Proposed|

* Pakistan Infrastructure Bank
* Inland Waterway Authority

Ministries of the Federal Government of Pakistan
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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template