National Council of Resistance of Iran

Political alliance aiming to establish a democratic, secular Iranian republic

Not to be confused with National Resistance Movement of Iran or National Council of Iran.

National Council of Resistance of Iran

شورای ملی مقاومت ایران (Persian)
Conseil national de la résistance iranienne (French)

The Golden Lion and Sun was adopted as the emblem of the NCRI in 1993[1]

Abbreviation| NCRI
Spokesperson| Alireza Jafarzadeh[2]
President-elect| Maryam Rajavi
Founder| Massoud Rajavi and Abolhassan Banisadr[3]
Founded| July 20, 1981; 43 years ago (1981-07-20)
Headquarters| Paris, France[3]
Tirana, Albania
Anthem| Ey Iran
Party flag
Website
ncr-iran.org

* Politics of Iran
* Political parties
* Elections

The National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI; Persian: شورای ملی مقاومت ایران, romanized: Šurā-ye melli-e moqāvemat-e Īrān) is an Iranian political organization based in France and Albania.[4][5] It was founded by Massoud Rajavi and Abolhassan Banisadr in 1981, and is currently led by Maryam Rajavi.[6] The NCRI is a coalition of Iranian dissident groups, led by the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK), which advocates for the overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[7][8][9] It describes itself as a parliament-in-exile prepared to establish a democratic provisional government in Iran upon the fall of its current government.[10] It is described as the MEK's diplomatic wing.[11][12][13]

In 2002, the NCRI exposed the existence of an undisclosed uranium enrichment facility in Natanz, leading to concerns about Iran's nuclear program.[14][15][16][17] It was listed by the U.S. government as a foreign terrorist organization in 1997, but was removed from this list in 2012, along with the MEK.[12][18]

## Platform's core concepts

[edit]

* Elections founded on the concept of "universal suffrage".
* Fostering a diverse political system with "respect for individual freedoms", "freedom of expression", and "free assembly".
* Eradicating the death penalty.
* Separating religious institutions (mosques) from the state, while forbidding religious discrimination.
* Complete gender equality for women in Iran.
* Modernizing the justice system in Iran, abolishing Sharia law, and introducing reforms that provide new legal protections.
* Committing to the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (and "autonomy for Iranian Kurdistan")
* Implementing measures that protect "investment and employment", "private property", and help bolster a market economy.
* Foreign policy grounded on the concept of "peaceful coexistence" with other nations.
* Rejecting the pursuit and development of nuclear weapons.
* Rejecting the possession and development of "weapons of mass destruction".[19][20]

## History

[edit]

See also: People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran § History

### Early years

[edit]

President Abolhassan Banisadr was supportive of the MEK and believed the clerics should not govern Iran directly, and was removed from power. The government of Khomeini prevented Massoud Rajavi and MEK members from participating in the elections. In June 1981, the Majlis ousted president Abolhassan Banisadr through an impeachment. Both Massoud Rajavi and Banisdar escaped Iran in 1981 during a campaign by the Iranian government to eradicate the MEK from Iran. Rajavi and Banisadr exiled to Paris and founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran.[21][22][23][24] The coalition was also joined by the National Democratic Front and the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran.[24]

The Foundation of the NCRI allowed Massoud Rajavi to "assume the position of chairman of the resistance to the Islamic Republic and provided an outlet for the Mojahedin to codify its ideological models for a future government to replace that of the mullahs."[25] Banisadr left the coalition in March 1983. In January 1983, Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq Tariq Aziz and NCRI President Massoud Rajavi signed a peace plan "based on an agreement of mutual recognition of borders as defined by the 1975 Algiers Agreement." According to James Piazza, this peace initiative became the NCRI's first diplomatic act as a "true government in exile".[26] In 1983, elements united with NCRI began to depart the alliance because of conflicts with the MEK.[27] On 24 March 1983, Banisadr officially left the council.[1][28]

In 1986, the French government closed down NCRI headquarters in Paris to improve relations with the Islamic Republic. Rajavi and the NCRI moved their main operations to Baghdad, Iraq.[29][24][30]

### Under Maryam Rajavi leadership

[edit]

In 1993, Maryam Rajavi, the spouse of Massoud Rajavi and then General Secretary of the MEK, became president-elect of the NCRI.[31]

In 1993, NCRI representative Mohammad Hossein Naghdi was killed in Italy by assassins. As a result, the European Parliament issued a condemnation of political murder against the Islamic Republic of Iran.[32][33][34]

In 2002 the NCRI exposed nuclear facilities in Natanz and Arak in Iran. Iran was then declared "in breach of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons", which began to limit the nuclear program in Iran.[35]

In 2003, French police rounded up 167 PMOI sympathizers and placed 24 people under formal investigation, including the NCRI president Maryam Rajavi. In 2014, after an 11-year probe, the French courts dropped the charges.[36]

The NCRI has in the past three decades recorded and reported human rights violations in Iran to UN Special Rapporteurs, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Amnesty International and other international human rights organisations.[37][38][39][40]

In June 2020, a majority of members of the US House of Representatives backed a "bipartisan resolution" supporting Maryam Rajavi and the NCRI's "call for a secular, democratic Iran" while "condemning Iranian state-sponsored terrorism". The resolution, backed by 221 lawmakers (including Louie Gohmert and Sheila Jackson Lee), gave support to the Rajavi's 10-point plan for Iran's future (which include "a universal right to vote, market economy, and a non-nuclear Iran") while calling on the prevention of "malign activities of the Iranian regime's diplomatic missions." A NCRI representative said that "The fact that out of ten diplomats or agents of the Iranian regime expelled or jailed in Europe and the U.S. for terror plots over the past two years, eight of them were tied to operations against our movement, is a vivid testimony that the NCRI is the alternative to this regime." The resolution also called on the U.S. to stand "with the people of Iran who are continuing to hold legitimate and peaceful protests" against the Iranian government.[41][42]

In February 2021 Belgian court in Antwerp sentenced Assadollah Assadi, who worked at the Iranian embassy in Vienna, to 20-year jail term for plotting to bomb a rally of NCRI outside Paris in June 2018. He was arrested in Germany in June 2018. A Belgian couple of Iranian origin was also arrested with explosives and a detonator. A fourth man, Belgian-Iranian poet Merhad Arefani, was arrested in Paris and accused of being an accomplice. All three were convicted in a Belgian court for taking part in the plot and given jail terms of 15 to 18 years.[43]

## Free Iran World Summit

[edit]

In July 2020, Iran Freedom hosted the first "Free Iran Global Summit", gathering more than 1,000 former or current officials, international dignitaries, and bipartisan lawmakers, "called on the world community to adopt a more resolute policy".[44][45]

The summit was held again in July 2021, continuing its dedication to liberating Iran from its oppressive leadership and paving the way for a free and democratic Iran.[46] and attendees included dozens of American and European dignitaries and heads of government.[47][48] Notable attendees included the following: Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Janša, US Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, foreign ministers from France, Italy, and Poland, and the defence ministers from the United Kingdom and France. Additionally, 30 US lawmakers spoke at the event, including Senators Robert Menendez, Ted Cruz and Roy Blunt, along with House members Kevin McCarthy and Hakeem Jeffries.[49][50]

The annual event continued in July 2022, again with various foreign dignataries as speakers, including the following:[51]

* Former Jordanian Minister of Development and Ambassador to Iran, Dr. Bassam Al-Omoush
* Former US Attorney General Michael Mukasey
* Former US Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge
* Former US Senator Joe Lieberman
* Former Director of White House Office of Public Liaison Linda Chavez
* Former French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner
* Former French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, Michèle Alliot-Marie
* Presidential candidate of Colombia, Íngrid Betancourt
* Former Speaker of British House of Commons, Rt. Hon John Bercow
* Former Canadian Minister of Industry, Health, Hon. Tony Clement
* Former US Ambassador to Morocco Marc Ginsberg
* Former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Robert Joseph
* Former Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs John Baird
* US Ambassador to UN Human Rights Commission Ken Blackwell

## Global reception

[edit]

The NCRI has received support from US officials including Tom Ridge, Howard Dean, Michael Mukasey, Louis Freeh, Hugh Shelton, John Bolton, Bill Richardson, James L. Jones, Rudy Giuliani, Joe Lieberman, Edward G. Rendell, Brian Binley, and Thomas McInerney.[52][53] Some of its supporters have been paid to speak at NCRI events.[54][55][56] The group actively lobbies in the US Congress and the EU parliament,[57][58][59] despite official denial.[60]

The NCRI, along with the MEK is regarded by the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq as a terrorist organization,[61] and was classified as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States, alleging that the NCRI "is not a separate organization, but is instead, and has been, an integral part of the MEK at all relevant times" and that the NCRI is "the political branch" of the MEK.[62] On September 28, 2012, the US State Department formally removed MEK from its list of terrorist organizations in a decision made by then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, ahead of an October 1 deadline set by a US appeals court.[18]

Dick Armey suggested that the State Department wrongly included MEK in the terrorist list from the beginning.[63] Alireza Jafarzadeh was its official representative in the US until the Washington office was closed by the US State Department in 2002 on the grounds that it was only a front group for the MEK by then listed as a terrorist organisation in the US.[64] It has been alleged that the inclusion of NCRI and MEK in the list was a token offered to the Iranian government rather than based on the facts of the matter. According to the Wall Street Journal[65] "Senior diplomats in the Clinton administration say the MEK figured prominently as a bargaining chip in a bridge-building effort with Tehran." The Journal added that: In 1997, the State Department added the MEK to a list of global terrorist organizations as "a signal" of the US's desire for rapprochement with Tehran's reformists, said Martin Indyk, who at the time was assistant secretary of state for Near East Affairs. President Khatami's government "considered it a pretty big deal," Indyk said.

The European Union in May 2004 implied that NCRI is part of the People's Mujahedin of Iran and excluded the NCRI itself from a list of organisations considered to be terrorist organisations, including the People's Mujahedin of Iran "minus the National Council of Resistance of Iran" on its list of terrorist organisations.[66] On January 26, 2009, EU Council of Ministers agreed to remove the MEK from the EU terror list. The group said it was the outcome of a "seven-year-long legal and political battle".[67][68][69][70] The European Union had previously listed the MEK on its list but excluded the NCRI itself from the list of organizations considered to be terrorist organizations.[71] According to some sources, it has an active global network.[72][2][73][clarification needed]

The Middle East department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in the United Kingdom stated in early 2006 that it is widely understood that "Iran's [nuclear] program, which was kept secret from the IAEA for 18 years, became public knowledge largely because of revelations of the NCRI, and this led to heightened international concern."[74] At the same time Michael Axworthy, former head of the Iran section at the FCO, claimed that the NCRI is a "tightly disciplined front organization for the MEK" and deemed them unreliable.[75]

In a meeting at the Council of Europe in April 2006, Maryam Rajavi elaborated on the movement's vision for a future Iran and presented a Ten Point Plan for Future Iran, according to the organisation's website.[76][37][77][78][79] The plan has been supported by British MPs,[37] some arguing that it is a potential programme that "would transform Iran" since it calls for the abolition of the death penalty, the creation of a modern legal system and the independence of judges.[37] At a debate on the human rights situation in Iran in the House of Lords on December 8, 2016, Lord Alton of Liverpool said, "The manifesto says: Cruel and degrading punishments will have no place in the future Iran. Madam Rajavi would end Tehran's funding of Hamas, Hezbollah and other militant groups and is committed to peaceful coexistence, relations with all countries and respect for the United Nations charter."[80]

According to a RAND report, the NCRI was transformed from an umbrella organization into a MEK subsidiary. The NCRI says it fights for the establishment of a democratic and secular republic in Iran, on a platform espousing such political values as secular government, democratic elections, freedom of expression, equal rights for women and human rights.[2] Also according to the RAND report, the NCRI has hidden the Marxist-Islamic elements,[81] and practices gender segregation.[82]

## See also

[edit]

* Iranian opposition

## References

[edit]

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## Bibliography

[edit]

* Abrahamian, Ervand (1989). Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-077-3.
* Clark, Mark Edmond (2016). "An Analysis of the Role of the Iranian Diaspora in the Financial Support System of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq". In Gold, David (ed.). Terrornomics. Routledge. pp. 66–76\. doi:10.4324/9781315612140. ISBN 978-1-317-04590-8.
* Cohen, Ronen (2009). The Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-270-9. Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
* Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith (2009). The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: A Policy Conundrum (PDF) (Report). RAND corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016.
* Katzman, Kenneth (2001). "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran". In Benliot, Albert V. (ed.). Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country?. Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56072-954-9. Archived from the original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
* Keddie, Nikki R. (2006). Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12105-6.
* Piazza, James A. (October 1994). "The Democratic Islamic Republic of Iran in Exile". Digest of Middle East Studies. 3 (4): 9–43\. doi:10.1111/j.1949-3606.1994.tb00535.x.

## External links

[edit]

* Quotations related to National Council of Resistance of Iran at Wikiquote
* Media related to National Council of Resistance of Iran at Wikimedia Commons
* Official website

* v
* t
* e

People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran

Organizations|

* People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
* National Council of Resistance of Iran
* Quintuple Coalition
* National Democratic Front (Iran)
* Organization of Iranian American Communities

People|

* Maryam Rajavi
* Massoud Rajavi
* Zahra Merrikhi
* Mousa Khiabani
* Ashraf Rabiei
* Habib Khabiri
* Kazem Rajavi
* Mehdi Abrishamchi
* Mohammad-Reza Kolahi
* Hassan Nayebagha
* Somayeh Mohammadi
* Abdolreza Rajabi
* Mahnaz Samadi
* Masoud Keshmiri
* Jafar Kazemi
* Alireza Jafarzadeh
* Pouran Bazargan
* Abdolreza Rajabi
* Gholamreza Khosravi Savadjani
* Zohreh Akhyani
* Jafar Kazemi
* Marjan (singer)
* Mohammad Ali Haj Aghaei
* Hedayatollah Hatami
* Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca

Events|

* 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners
* Trial of Hamid Nouri
* Execution of Ali Saremi
* Operation Mersad
* Operation Forty Stars
* Operation Shining Sun
* Iranian Revolution
* 1980 Iranian presidential election
* Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
* 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
* 1981 in Iran
* 20 June 1981 Iranian protests
* 2003 invasion of Iraq
* List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran
* 2013 Camp Ashraf massacre
* Albania–Iran relations
* Timeline of the Iranian Revolution
* Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution
* Foreign relations of Iran
* 2011 raid on Camp Ashraf
* 2023 Tirana camp raid

Media|

* Mojahed (newspaper)
* List of works about the People's Mujahedin of Iran
* Simaye Azadi

Locations|

* Camp Fallujah
* Camp Ashraf
* Camp Liberty
* Camp Ashraf 3

Category

* v
* t
* e

Banned/exiled political organizations of Iran

Politics of Iran / Iranian opposition

Leftists|

* People's Mojahedin
* National Council of Resistance
* Tudeh Party
* Communist Party
* Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
* Union of People's Fedaian of Iran
* Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
* Fedaian Organisation (Minority)
* Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
* Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas – Followers of the Identity Platform
* Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1985)
* Workers Left Unity – Iran
* Worker's Way
* Socialist Workers' Party
* Worker-Communist Party
* Worker-Communist Party – Hekmatist
* Labour Party
* Laborers' Party

Liberal democrats|

* Glorious Frontiers Party
* Green Party
* United Republicans

Monarchists|

* National Council of Iran
* Constitutionalist Party
* Kingdom Assembly of Iran

Ethnic groups|

* Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
* Komala
* PIK
* CPI
* KTK
* Kurdistan Freedom Party
* Kurdistan Free Life Party
* Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle
* Southern Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement
* Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization
* Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz
* National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz

* Iran-based parties
* Defunct parties

* v
* t
* e

Iran–United States relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
* Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
* Embassy of the United States, Tehran
* Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
* Interests Section of Iran in the United States
* Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
* Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
* Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
* Iranian Directorate
* Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group

Diplomacy|

* Persian Corridor
* Persian Gulf Command
* Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
* 1953 Iranian coup d'état
* Abadan Crisis Timeline
* Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
* Exercise Delawar
* Project Dark Gene
* Safari Club
* Island of Stability
* Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
* Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
* Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
* Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
* Negotiations
* Joint Plan of Action
* Framework
* Reactions
* Criticism
* Aftermath
* U.S. withdrawal
* Donald Trump's letter to Ali Khamenei
* 2025 United States–Iran negotiations

Conflicts|

* Iran–Iraq War
* United States support for Iraq
* Bridgeton incident
* Iran Air Flight 655
* Iran Ajr
* Iran–Contra affair
* Operation Staunch
* Operation Eager Glacier
* Operation Earnest Will
* Operation Prime Chance
* Operation Nimble Archer
* Operation Praying Mantis
* Syrian civil war
* Yemeni Civil War
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Abraham Accords
* February 2019 Warsaw Conference
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* International Maritime Security Construct
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* reactions
* Thirteen revenge scenarios
* Operation Martyr Soleimani
* 2020 Camp Taji attacks

Incidents after 1979|

* Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
* Iranian revolution
* Iran hostage crisis
* Timeline
* Guadeloupe Conference
* Operation Credible Sport
* Operation Eagle Claw
* Canadian Caper
* Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
* 1980 October Surprise theory
* Negotiations
* Algiers Accords
* America can't do a damn thing against us
* Beirut barracks bombings
* Khobar Towers bombing
* Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
* Disappearance of Robert Levinson
* United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
* United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
* Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
* 2008 Naval dispute
* Filipino Monkey
* Project Cassandra
* Detention of American hikers
* United States diplomatic cables leak
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* Strait of Hormuz dispute
* RQ-170 incident
* MV Maersk Tigris
* 2016 Naval incident
* Nuclear program of Iran
* Timeline
* P5+1
* Operation Merlin
* Charming Kitten
* Stuxnet
* Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
* Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
* Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
* 2019 K-1 Air Base attack
* December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
* 2020 Iran explosions
* 2021 Erbil rocket attacks
* 2021 Natanz incident
* February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
* Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
* June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
* July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
* August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
* 2022 Erbil missile attacks
* 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
* Seizure of Suez Rajan and St Nikolas
* Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* 2024 Erbil attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
* United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites
* 2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base

Legislation|

* United States sanctions against Iran
* Maximum pressure campaign
* Executive Order 12170
* Executive Order 12172
* Executive Order 13769
* reactions
* Trump travel ban
* Executive Order 13780
* Executive Order 13876
* Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
* Iran Nonproliferation Act
* Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
* Iran Freedom and Support Act
* Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
* Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
* Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
* Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
* Public Law 113-100
* Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
* Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
* Dames & Moore v. Regan
* United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
* Oil Platforms case
* United States v. Banki
* Bank Markazi v. Peterson
* Certain Iranian Assets
* Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
* Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity

Groups and individuals|

* Iran Action Group
* Iran–America Society
* Iranian Students Association in the United States
* National Iranian American Council
* Organization of Iranian American Communities
* United Against Nuclear Iran
* Farashgard
* Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
* Jundallah
* Kingdom Assembly of Iran
* National Council of Iran
* National Council of Resistance of Iran
* People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
* Elliott Abrams
* Kaveh L. Afrasiabi
* Howard Baskerville
* William J. Fallon
* Brian Hook
* Joseph Macmanus
* Robert Malley
* Stephen D. Mull
* Erwin David Rabhan
* Jason Rezaian
* Scott Ritter
* Craig Wadsworth
* Michael R. White
* Roxana Saberi
* Saeed Abedini
* Saeid Aboutaleb
* Shahram Amiri
* Sirous Asgari
* Mahmoud Reza Banki
* Haleh Esfandiari
* Amir Mirza Hekmati
* Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
* Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
* Mohammad Hosseini
* Esha Momeni
* Mohammad Mosaddegh
* Baquer Namazi
* Siamak Namazi
* Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
* Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
* Noor Pahlavi
* Trita Parsi
* Maryam Rajavi
* Abdolreza Shahlaei
* Ali Shakeri
* Masoud Soleimani
* Morad Tahbaz
* Kian Tajbakhsh
* Karan Vafadari
* Xiyue Wang
* Nizar Zakka
* Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
* Abdul Majid Muhammed

Related|

* 1998 FIFA World Cup match
* Academic relations between Iran and the United States
* American Islam
* Anti-American sentiment in Iran
* Axis of evil
* CIA activities in Iran
* Copyright relations
* Death to America
* Dual containment
* Great Satan
* International Conference on Hollywoodism
* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iranian frozen assets
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* State Sponsor of Terrorism
* United States involvement in regime change
* United States and state-sponsored terrorism
* 650 Fifth Avenue
* Alavi Foundation
* Alborz High School
* American Institute of Iranian Studies
* American School of Isfahan
* Community School, Tehran
* Damavand College
* Iran Bethel School
* Iranzamin School
* Saint Peter Church, Tehran
* Tehran American School
* "Bomb Iran"
* Overthrow
* Not for the Faint of Heart

Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Israel

Other|

* IdRef

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