National Hero of Indonesia

Award

National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia.[1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens"[a] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".[b][2] The Ministry of Social Affairs gives seven criteria which an individual must fulfill, as follows:[2]

1. Have been an Indonesian citizen[c] who is deceased and, during his or her lifetime, led an armed struggle or produced a concept or product useful to the state;
2. Have continued the struggle throughout his or her life and performed above and beyond the call of duty;
3. Have had a wide-reaching impact through his or her actions;
4. Have shown a high degree of nationalism;
5. Have been of good moral standing and respectable character;
6. Never surrendered to his or her enemies; and
7. Never committed an act which taints his or her legacy.[d]

Nominations undergo a four-step process and must be approved at each level. A proposal is made by the general populace in a city or regency to the mayor or regent, who must then make a request to the province's governor. The governor then makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, which forwards it to the president, represented by the Board of Titles (Dewan Gelar);[2] this board consists of two academics, two persons of a military background, and three persons who have previously received an award or title.[1] Those selected by the president, as represented by the Board, are awarded the title at a ceremony in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta.[2] Since 2000, the ceremony has occurred in early November, coinciding with Indonesia's Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).[3]

The legal framework for the title, initially styled National Independence Hero (Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional), was established with the release of Presidential Decree No. 241 of 1958. The title was first awarded on 30 August 1959 to the politician turned writer Abdul Muis, who had died the previous month.[4][5][6] This title was used for the rest of Sukarno's rule. When Suharto rose to power in the mid-1960s, the title was given its current name. Special titles at the level of National Hero have also been awarded. Hero of the Revolution (Pahlawan Revolusi) was given in 1965 to ten victims of the 30 September Movement that resulted in end of Sukarno reign, while Sukarno and former vice-president Mohammad Hatta were given the title Proclamation Heroes (Pahlawan Proklamasi) in 1988 for their role in reading the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.[3][4][6]

A total of 190 men and 16 women have been deemed national heroes, most recently Abdul Chalim, Ahmad Hanafiah, Bataha Santiago, Ida Dewa Agung Jambe, Mohammad Tabrani, and Ratu Kalinyamat in 2023.[7] These heroes have come from all parts of the Indonesian archipelago, from Aceh in the west to Papua in the east. They represent numerous ethnicities, including native Indonesians, ethnic Chinese, Arabs and Eurasians. They include prime ministers, guerrillas, government ministers, soldiers, royalty, journalists, and a bishop.

The following list is initially presented in alphabetical order; owing to differing cultural naming conventions, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list is further sortable by year of birth, death, and recognition. Names are standardised using the Indonesian Spelling System and thus may not reflect the original spelling.[e]

## National Heroes of Indonesia

[edit]

I Gusti Ngurah Rai Adnan Kapau Gani Albertus Sugiyapranata Bung Tomo Fatmawati Sam Ratulangi Kartini Mohammad Hatta Pakubuwono X Sudirman Sukarno Tan Malaka As'ad Syamsul Arifin Contents

A * B * C * D * E * F * G * H * I * J * K * L * M * N * O * P * R * S * T * U * W * Y * Z
National Heroes of Indonesia  Name  | Born  | Died  | Elevated  | Notes  | Ref.

|
|
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|
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Abdul Chalim [id] | 1898  | 1972  | 2023  | Islamic Leader, co-founder of Nahdlatul Ulama | [7]
Abdul Halim Majalengka | 1887  | 1962  | 2008  | Independence activist and Islamic scholar, Member of BPUPK | [3][8]
Abdul Haris Nasution | 1918  | 2000  | 2002  | General in the Army, twice appointed Army Chief of Staff  | [3][9]
Abdul Kadir | 1771  | 1875  | 1999  | Nobleman from Melawi, promoted economic development, fought against the colonial Dutch  | [3][10]
Abdul Kahar Muzakir | 1907  | 1963  | 2019  | Member of BPUPK and first rector of the Islamic University of Indonesia | [11]
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah | 1908  | 1981  | 2011  | Islamic scholar and author  | [12]
Abdul Muis | 1883  | 1959  | 1959  | Politician, later author  | [f][4][13]
Abdul Rahman Saleh | 1909  | 1947  | 1974  | Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch  | [4][14]
Abdul Wahab Hasbullah | 1888  | 1971  | 2014  | Founding father of Nahdlatul Ulama, established pro-independence organizations  | [15][16]
Abdurrahman Baswedan | 1908  | 1986  | 2018  | Journalist who united Arab-descent people with Indonesians during the independence war  | [17]
Ahmad Sanusi | 1889  | 1950  | 2022  | Islamic scholar, Member of BPUPK | [18]
Ahmad Subarjo | 1896  | 1978  | 2009  | Independence activist and government minister  | [3][19]
Adam Malik Batubara | 1917  | 1984  | 1998  | Journalist and independence activist, third Vice-President of Indonesia | [3][20]
Adnan Kapau Gani | 1905  | 1968  | 2007  | Independence activist, smuggled weapons to support the National Revolution | [3][21]
Nyi Ageng Serang | 1752  | 1828  | 1974  | Javanese guerrilla leader who led attacks on Dutch colonials on several occasions  | [3][22]
Agus Salim | 1884  | 1954  | 1961  | Minang Islamic leader, politician, independence activist  | [4][23]
Agustinus Adisucipto | 1916  | 1947  | 1974  | Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch  | [4][24]
Ahmad Dahlan | 1868  | 1934  | 1961  | Javanese Islamic leader, established Muhammadiyah; husband of Siti Walidah | [4][25]
Ahmad Hanafiah [id] | 1905  | 1947  | 2023  | Islamic leader, founder of Hizbullah (Indonesia) | [7]
Ahmad Rifa'i | 1786  | 1870  | 2004  | Islamic thinker and writer known for his anti-Dutch stance  | [3][26]
Ahmad Yani | 1922  | 1965  | 1965  | Leader of the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][27]
Aji Muhammad Idris [id] | 1667  | 1739  | 2021  | Monarch of the Sultanate of Kutai (now part of East Kalimantan) who fought the Dutch  | [28][29]
Albertus Sugiyapranata | 1896  | 1963  | 1963  | Javanese Catholic bishop and nationalist  | [4][30]
Alexander Andries Maramis | 1897  | 1977  | 2019  | Member of BPUPK and government minister  | [11]
Alimin | 1889  | 1964  | 1964  | Independence advocate, politician, and Communist Party of Indonesia figure  | [4][31]
Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe | 1918  | 1947  | 2005  | Bugis nobleman, attacked Dutch forces during National Revolution, son of Andi Mappanyukki | [3][32]
Andi Jemma | 1901  | 1965  | 2002  | Independence activist, led attacks against Dutch forces during the National Revolution | [3][33]
Andi Mappanyukki | 1885  | 1967  | 2004  | Bugis nobleman, led attacks against Dutch forces, father of Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe | [3][34]
Antasari | 1809  | 1862  | 1968  | Fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Banjarmasin War | [4][35]
Arie Frederik Lasut | 1918  | 1949  | 1969  | Geologist and educator who was executed by the Dutch  | [4][36]
Arnoldus Isaac Zacharias Mononutu | 1896  | 1983  | 2020  | Information minister  | [37]
As'ad Syamsul Arifin | 1897  | 1990  | 2016  | Islamic Leader, co-founder of Nahdlatul Ulama | [38]
Sultan Baabullah | 15th century | 1583  | 2020  | Ruler of Sultanate of Ternate; repelled Portuguese hegemony from Ternate  | [37]
Bagindo Azizchan | 1910  | 1947  | 2005  | Mayor of Padang, resisted Dutch forces during the National Revolution | [3][39]
Basuki Rahmat | 1921  | 1969  | 1969  | General, witness to the Supersemar | [4][40]
Bataha Santiago | 1622  | 1675  | 2023  | The third king of Manganitu Kingdom in Sangihe Islands who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [7]
Bernard Wilhelm Lapian | 1892  | 1977  | 2015  | Nationalist, church leader, and second governor of Sulawesi | [41]
Teungku Chik di Tiro | 1836  | 1891  | 1973  | Acehnese Islamic figure and guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][42]
Cilik Riwut | 1918  | 1987  | 1998  | Soldier and politician, promoted economic and cultural development in Central Kalimantan | [3][43]
Cipto Mangunkusumo | 1886  | 1943  | 1964  | Javanese politician, mentor to Sukarno | [4][44]
Cokroaminoto | 1883  | 1934  | 1961  | Politician, leader of Sarekat Islam, mentor to Sukarno | [4][45]
Ernest Douwes Dekker | 1879  | 1950  | 1961  | Indo journalist and politician who advocated Indonesian independence  | [g][4][46]
Depati Amir [id] | 1805  | 1869  | 2018  | Independence fighter from Bangka | [17]
Andi Depu Maraddia Balanipa | 1907  | 1985  | 2018  | Female figure from West Sulawesi who led fighters for independence  | [17]
Dewi Sartika | 1884  | 1947  | 1966  | Educator, established the country's first school for girls  | [4][47]
Cut Nyak Dhien | 1850  | 1908  | 1964  | Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces; wife of Teuku Umar | [4][48]
Diponegoro | 1785  | 1855  | 1973  | Son of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought a five-year war against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][49]
Donald Isaac Panjaitan | 1925  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][50]
Fakhruddin | 1890  | 1929  | 1964  | Islamic leader, negotiated protection of Indonesian hajj pilgrims  | [4][51]
Fatmawati | 1923  | 1980  | 2000  | Sewed the first national flag, social activist, a wife of Sukarno | [3][52]
Ferdinand Lumbantobing | 1899  | 1962  | 1962  | Doctor and politician, fought for the rights of forced labourers | [4][53]
Frans Kaisiepo | 1921  | 1979  | 1993  | Papuan nationalist who helped in the acquisition of Papua | [3][54]
Gatot Mangkupraja | 1896  | 1968  | 2004  | Independence activist and politician, suggested the formation of Defenders of the Homeland | [3][55]
Gatot Subroto | 1907  | 1962  | 1962  | General, deputy chief-of-staff of the Army | [4][56]
Halim Perdanakusuma | 1922  | 1947  | 1975  | Early figure in the Air Force, died in an accidental plane crash in Perak, Malaysia during the National Revolution | [3][57]
Hamengkubuwono I | 1717  | 1792  | 2006  | Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought against the Dutch East India Company, established Yogyakarta | [3][58]
Hamengkubuwono IX | 1912  | 1988  | 1990  | Sultan of Yogyakarta, independence activist, military leader, and politician; second Vice-President of Indonesia | [3][59]
Harun Thohir | 1947  | 1968  | 1968  | Bombed the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation | [h][4][60]
Hasan Basri | 1923  | 1984  | 2001  | Soldier during the Indonesian National Revolution, supported the integration of Kalimantan in Indonesia  | [3][61]
Hasanuddin | 1631  | 1670  | 1973  | Sultan of Gowa, fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][62]
Hasyim Asy'ari | 1875  | 1947  | 1964  | Islamic leader, founder of Nahdlatul Ulama | [4][63]
Hazairin | 1906  | 1975  | 1999  | Legal scholar, independence activist, government minister, and educator  | [3][64]
Herman Johannes | 1912  | 1992  | 2009  | Engineer, made weapons for the National Revolution, co-founded Gadjah Mada University | [3][65]
Sultan Himayatuddin Muhammad Saidi [id] | 18th century  | 1776  | 2019  | Sultan of Buton who protested against a deal with the Dutch East India Company (VOC)  | [11]
Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung | 1921  | 1999  | 2007  | Independence activist, diplomat, and government minister  | [3][66]
Ida Dewa Agung Jambe [id] | 1855  | 1908  | 2023  |  | [7]
Idham Chalid | 1921  | 2010  | 2011  | Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, politician  | [12][67]
Ilyas Yakoub | 1903  | 1958  | 1999  | Independence activist, politician, and guerrilla fighter  | [3][68]
Tuanku Imam Bonjol | 1772  | 1864  | 1973  | Islamic figure from West Sumatra who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War | [4][69]
Radin Inten II | 1834  | 1856  | 1986  | Nobleman from Lampung, led a revolution against Dutch colonists  | [3][70]
Iskandar Muda | 1593  | 1636  | 1993  | Sultan of Aceh, expanded the state's influence  | [i][3][71]
Ismail Marzuki | 1914  | 1958  | 2004  | Composer known for numerous patriotic songs  | [3][72]
Iswahyudi | 1918  | 1947  | 1975  | Early figure in the Air Force, killed during the National Revolution | [3][73]
Iwa Kusumasumantri | 1899  | 1971  | 2002  | Independence activist, lawyer, and politician, first Minister of Social Affairs  | [3][74]
Izaak Huru Doko | 1913  | 1985  | 2006  | Independence activist and educator, helped establish Udayana University | [3][75]
Jamin Ginting | 1921  | 1974  | 2014  | Politician and military officer in Sumatra during the National Revolution | [15]
Janatin | 1943  | 1968  | 1968  | Bombed the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation | [j][4][76]
Jatikusumo | 1917  | 1992  | 2002  | Member of the Pakubuwono royal family of Surakarta, general in the Army and politician  | [3][77]
Johannes Abraham Dimara | 1916  | 2000  | 2010  | Papuan army officer who helped in the acquisition of Papua | [78]
Johannes Leimena | 1905  | 1977  | 2010  | Early Minister of Health, developed the Puskesmas clinic system  | [78]
Juanda Kartawijaya | 1911  | 1963  | 1963  | Sundanese politician, final Prime Minister of Indonesia | [4][79]
Karel Satsuit Tubun | 1928  | 1965  | 1965  | Police brigadier, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][80]
Ignatius Joseph Kasimo | 1900  | 1986  | 2011  | Independence activist, Catholic Party leader  | [12][81]
Kasman Singodimedjo | 1904  | 1982  | 2018  | Muhammadiyah figure, who united the nation during the UUD 1945 Constitution ratification process by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. Later served as chair of the Central Indonesian National Committee, the precursor of the People's Representative Council and as Justice Undersecretary.  | [17]
Katamso Darmokusumo | 1923  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][82]
I Gusti Ketut Jelantik | 18th century | 1849  | 1993  | Balinese leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [3][83]
I Gusti Ketut Puja | 1904  | 1957  | 2011  | First Governor of Sunda Kecil Province | [12][84]
Ki Bagus Hadikusumo [id] | 1890  | 1954  | 2015  |  | [41]
Ki Hajar Dewantara | 1889  | 1959  | 1959  | Educator and state minister, established Taman Siswa, brother of Raden Mas Suryopranoto | [4][85]
Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro | 1904  | 1957  | 2011  | Educator with Budi Utomo and Taman Siswa, government minister  | [12][86]
Kiras Bangun | 1852  | 1942  | 2005  | Batak guerrilla leader who fought the Dutch colonialists  | [3][87]
La Maddukelleng | 1700  | 1765  | 1998  | Nobleman from Paser Sultanate, repelled Dutch forces from Wajo Kingdom | [3][88]
Lafran Pane | 1922  | 1991  | 2017  | Founded the Muslim Students' Association | [89]
Lambertus Nicodemus Palar | 1900  | 1981  | 2013  | Diplomat, negotiated recognition of Indonesia during the Revolution | [90]
Yahya Daniel Dharma | 1911  | 1988  | 2009  | Rear Admiral in the Navy, smuggled products to fund the National Revolution | [3][91]
Mahmud Singgirei Rumagesan | 1885  | 1964  | 2020  | Monarch of Sultanate of Sekar (now in Fakfak Regency, West Papua) who advocated for integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia  | [37][92]
Mahmud Badaruddin II | 1767  | 1852  | 1984  | Sultan of Palembang, fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [3][93]
Sultan Mahmud Riayat Syah | 1760  | 1812  | 2017  | Sultan of Riau Lingga, fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [89]
Malahayati | 15th century | early 16th century | 2017  | Female admiral in the navy of the Aceh Sultanate, fought against Cornelis de Houtman | [89]
Mangkunegara I | 1725  | 1795  | 1988  | Fought against Dutch colonists and collaborators in Central Java | [3][94]
Maria Walanda Maramis | 1872  | 1924  | 1969  | Women's rights advocate and educator  | [4][95]
Martha Christina Tiahahu | 1800  | 1818  | 1969  | Guerrilla fighter from Maluku who died in Dutch custody  | [4][96]
Marthen Indey | 1912  | 1986  | 1993  | Nationalist and independence activist, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia  | [3][97]
Mas Isman | 1924  | 1982  | 2015  | Revolutionary who commanded students paramilitary TRI Pelajar during independence war  | [41]
Mas Mansur | 1896  | 1946  | 1964  | Islamic scholar, Muhammadiyah leader  | [4][98]
Masykur | 1917  | 1994  | 2019  | Member of BPUPK, founder of PETA, government minister  | [11]
Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono | 1924  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][99]
Maskun Sumadireja | 1907  | 1986  | 2004  | Independence activist and politician  | [3][100]
Raden Mattaher | 1871  | 1907  | 2020  |  | [37]
Cut Nyak Meutia | 1870  | 1910  | 1964  | Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][101]
Mohammad Hatta | 1902  | 1980  | 2012  | Independence activist, First Vice-President of Indonesia | [k][102][103]
Mohammad Husni Thamrin | 1894  | 1941  | 1960  | Politician and independence activist  | [4][104]
Mohammad Natsir | 1908  | 1993  | 2008  | Islamic scholar and politician, fifth Prime Minister of Indonesia | [3][105]
Mohammad Tabrani Soerjowitjirto | 1904  | 1984  | 2023  | Indonesian journalist and politician, major proponent of the Indonesian language as a national language.  | [7]
Teuku Muhammad Hasan | 1906  | 1997  | 2006  | Independence activist, first governor of Sumatra | [3][106]
Muhammad Mangundiprojo | 1905  | 1988  | 2014  |  | [15]
Mohammad Yamin | 1903  | 1962  | 1973  | Poet turned politician and independence activist  | [4][107]
Muhammad Yasin | 1920  | 2012  | 2015  | Regarded as the founder of Indonesian Police's Mobile Brigade Corps | [41][108]
Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid [id] | 1898  | 1997  | 2017  | Islamic scholar and Nahdlatul Wathan founder  | [89]
Mustopo | 1913  | 1986  | 2007  | Leader during the Battle of Surabaya, established Dr. Moestopo Dental College  | [3][109]
Muwardi | 1907  | 1948  | 1964  | Handled security for the Proclamation of Independence, established a hospital in Surakarta | [4][110]
Nani Wartabone | 1907  | 1986  | 2003  | Independence activist and politician, helped put down the Permesta rebellion  | [3][111]
I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung | 1876  | 1906  | 2015  | Balinese fighter against the Dutch colonials  | [41]
I Gusti Ngurah Rai | 1917  | 1946  | 1975  | Balinese military leader during National Revolution | [3][112]
Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin | 1738  | 1805  | 1995  | Sultan of Tidore, led several naval battles against Dutch colonial forces  | [3][113]
Nur Ali | 1914  | 1992  | 2006  | Islamic leader and educator, led student soldiers during the National Revolution | [3][114]
Teuku Nyak Arif | 1899  | 1946  | 1974  | Acehnese politician and resistance leader, first governor of Aceh | [115]
Opu Daeng Risaju | 1880  | 1964  | 2006  | Early woman politician, fought against the Dutch during the National Revolution | [3][116]
Oto Iskandar di Nata | 1897  | 1945  | 1973  | Politician and independence activist  | [4][117]
Pajonga Daeng Ngalle Polobangkeng | 1901  | 1958  | 2006  | Coordinated attacks in South Sulawesi during the National Revolution, promoted integration  | [3][118]
Paku Alam VIII | 1910  | 1998  | 2022  | Vice Governor of Yogyakarta, independence activist, and politician  | [18]
Pakubuwono VI | 1807  | 1849  | 1964  | Susuhunan of Surakarta, rebelled against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][119]
Pakubuwono X | 1866  | 1939  | 2011  | Susuhunan of Surakarta, supported various projects which furthered Native Indonesian interests  | [12][120]
Pangeran Muhammad Noor | 1901  | 1979  | 2018  | Banjar Prince, guerrilla fighter, 1st Governor of Kalimantan & former Minister of Public Works  | [17]
Pattimura | 1783  | 1817  | 1973  | Guerrilla from Maluku who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][121]
Pierre Tendean | 1939  | 1965  | 1965  | Soldier in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][122]
Pong Tiku | 1846  | 1907  | 2002  | Torajan noble, fought against Dutch colonialists  | [3][123]
Raden Ajeng Kartini | 1879  | 1904  | 1964  | Javanese women's rights figure  | [4][124]
Raden Aria Wangsakara |  | 1721  | 2021  | Indonesian cleric and nobleman, regarded as the founder of Tangerang and defended the region from Dutch attack in the early 18th century  | [28][125]
Raden Eddy Martadinata | 1921  | 1966  | 1966  | Admiral in the Navy and diplomat, killed in a helicopter crash  | [4][126]
Raden Mas Suryopranoto | 1871  | 1959  | 1959  | Education and workers' rights figure, brother of Ki Hajar Dewantara | [4][127]
Raden Mas Tumenggung Ario Suryo | 1896  | 1948  | 1964  | First Governor of East Java during the National Revolution | [4][128]
Raden Panji Suroso | 1893  | 1981  | 1986  | Politician and independence activist, first Governor of Central Java  | [3][129]
Raden Said Sukanto Cokrodiatmojo | 1908  | 1993  | 2020  | First Chief of the Indonesian National Police | [37]
Sudirman | 1916  | 1950  | 1964  | Commander in Chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces for most of the National Revolution | [l][4][130]
Raden Suleiman Effendi Kusumahatmaja | 1898  | 1952  | 1965  | First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia | [4][131]
Raja Ali Haji | 1809  | c. 1870 | 2004  | Historian and poet from Riau | [3][132]
Raja Haji Fisabilillah | 1727  | 1784  | 1997  | Warrior from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces  | [3][133]
Rajiman Wediodiningrat | 1879  | 1952  | 2013  | First head of the People's Representative Council | [90]
Ranggong Daeng Romo | 1915  | 1947  | 2001  | Led troops in two battles against Dutch forces during the National Revolution | [3][134]
Ratu Kalinyamat | 1520  | 1579  | 2023  |  | [7]
Rasuna Said | 1910  | 1965  | 1974  | Women's rights advocate and nationalist  | [3][135]
Rubini Natawisastra [id] | 1906  | 1944  | 2022  | Medical doctor, killed during Mandor affair | [18]
Robert Wolter Mongisidi | 1925  | 1949  | 1973  | Guerrilla fighter in Makassar during the National Revolution, executed by the Dutch  | [4][136]
Rohana Kudus | 1884  | 1972  | 2019  | First female journalist, activist for education and women's emancipation.  | [11]
Saharjo | 1909  | 1963  | 1963  | Minister of Justice, pioneered legal reform in the country  | [4][137]
Salahuddin bin Talabuddin [id] | 1874  | 1948  | 2022  | North Maluku politician and supporter of Indonesian independence, executed by the Dutch  | [18]
Sam Ratulangi | 1890  | 1949  | 1961  | Minahasa politician and supporter of Indonesian independence  | [4][138]
Samanhudi | 1878  | 1956  | 1961  | Businessman, established Sarekat Islam | [4][139]
Sardjito [id] | 1889  | 1970  | 2019  | First rector of Gadjah Mada University | [11]
Silas Papare | 1918  | 1978  | 1993  | Fought for Papua's independence from the Dutch, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia  | [3][140]
Sisingamangaraja XII | 1849  | 1907  | 1961  | Batak leader who fought a lengthy guerrilla campaign against Dutch colonial forces  | [4][133]
Siswondo Parman | 1918  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][141]
Siti Hartinah | 1923  | 1996  | 1996  | Wife of president Suharto, active in social work, established Taman Mini Indonesia Indah | [3][142]
Syam'un | 1894  | 1949  | 2018  | Islamic scholar, guerrilla fighter for independence.  | [17]
Siti Walidah | 1872  | 1946  | 1971  | Founder of Aisyiyah, Muhammadiyah figure, wife of Ahmad Dahlan,  | [m][4][143]
Slamet Riyadi | 1927  | 1950  | 2007  | Brigadier General in the Army, killed while putting down a rebellion in Sulawesi | [3][144]
Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto | 1926  | 1965  | 1965  | Colonel in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][145]
Soeharto Sastrosoeyoso | 1908  | 2000  | 2022  | Medical doctor, founder of Indonesian Medical Association  | [18]
Suharso | 1912  | 1971  | 1973  | Medical pioneer in prosthetics | [4][146]
Sukarjo Wiryopranoto | 1903  | 1962  | 1962  | Independence figure, diplomat, and politician  | [4][147]
Sukarni | 1916  | 1971  | 2014  | Youth leader and activist  | [15]
Sukarno | 1901  | 1970  | 2012  | First President of Indonesia, Independence activist, orator, read the Proclamation of Independence | [k][102][103]
Sultan Agung | 1591  | 1645  | 1975  | Sultan of Mataram, fought against encroachment by the Dutch East India Company | [3][148]
Andi Sultan Daeng Raja | 1894  | 1963  | 2006  | Independence activist and politician  | [3][149]
Supeno | 1916  | 1949  | 1970  | Government minister, killed while fighting against the Dutch during the National Revolution | [4][150]
Supomo | 1903  | 1958  | 1965  | First Minister of Justice, helped write the Constitution | [4][151]
Suprapto | 1920  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][152]
Supriyadi | 1925  | 1945  | 1975  | Leader of a rebellion against the Japanese occupation forces in Blitar | [n][3][153]
Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution | 1904  | 1993  | 2020  | First governor of North Sumatra | [37]
Sutan Syahrir | 1909  | 1966  | 1966  | Politician, first Prime Minister of Indonesia | [4][154]
Sutomo | 1888  | 1938  | 1961  | Javanese educator, established Budi Utomo | [o][4][155]
Sutomo | 1920  | 1981  | 2008  | Military officer who led troops in the Battle of Surabaya | [p][3][156]
Sutoyo Siswomiharjo | 1922  | 1965  | 1965  | General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement | [4][157]
Syafruddin Prawiranegara | 1911  | 1989  | 2011  | First governor of Bank Indonesia | [12]
Syarif Kasim II | 1893  | 1968  | 1998  | Sultan of Siak, promoted integration of the East Sumatran kingdoms  | [3][150]
Tahi Bonar Simatupang | 1920  | 1990  | 2013  | General who served as chief of staff from 1950 to 1954  | [90]
Tuanku Tambusai | 1784  | 1882  | 1995  | Islamic leader from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War | [3][158]
Tan Malaka | 1884  | 1949  | 1963  | Minang politician and communist activist  | [4][159]
Thaha Syaifuddin | 1816  | 1904  | 1977  | Sultan of Jambi, led an armed revolution against Dutch colonial forces  | [3][160]
Tirtayasa | 1631  | 1683  | 1970  | Guerrilla from Banten who fought against the Dutch  | [4][161]
Tirto Adhi Suryo | 1880  | 1918  | 2006  | Early journalist, exiled for his anti-Dutch editorials  | [3][162]
Tengku Amir Hamzah | 1911  | 1946  | 1975  | Langkat royal family member, poet, nationalist; victim of the East Sumatra Social Revolution  | [3][163]
Teuku Umar | 1854  | 1899  | 1973  | Acehnese guerrilla leader, fought against Dutch colonial forces; husband of Cut Nyak Dhien | [4][164]
Tombolotutu [id] | 1857  | 1901  | 2021  | Monarch of the Kingdom of Moutong who fought a guerilla campaign against Dutch colonial government from 1898–1901  | [28][29]
Untung Surapati | 1660  | 1706  | 1975  | Led several rebellions against the Dutch East India Company | [3][165]
Urip Sumoharjo | 1893  | 1948  | 1964  | Early leader of Indonesian Armed Forces, second in command to Sudirman | [4][166]
Usmar Ismail | 1921  | 1971  | 2021  | Indonesian journalist and film director, regarded as the Father of Indonesian Cinema  | [28][167]
Wage Rudolf Supratman | 1903  | 1938  | 1971  | Composer of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya"  | [4][168]
Wahid Hasyim | 1914  | 1953  | 1964  | Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, first Minister of Religion of Indonesia  | [4][169]
Wahidin Sudirohusodo | 1852  | 1917  | 1973  | Doctor and leader in Budi Utomo | [4][170]
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes | 1895  | 1952  | 1968  | Medical pioneer in radiology | [4][171]
Yos Sudarso | 1925  | 1962  | 1973  | Navy Commodore, killed in a confrontation with the Dutch over Netherlands New Guinea | [4][172]
Yusuf Tajul Khalwati | 1626  | 1699  | 1995  | Islamic leader, led a guerrilla rebellion against the Dutch East India Company | [3][173]
Zainal Mustafa | 1907  | 1944  | 1972  | Islamic leader who fought against the Japanese occupation forces | [4][174]
Zainul Arifin | 1909  | 1963  | 1963  | Politician and guerrilla fighter, killed by an assassin targeting Sukarno | [4][175]

## Explanatory notes

[edit]

1. ^ Original: "'... perbuatan nyata yang dapat dikenang dan diteladani sepanjang masa bagi warga masyarakat lainnya."
2. ^ Original: "... berjasa sangat luar biasa bagi kepentingan bangsa dan negara."
3. ^ Act No. 20 of 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAct_No._20_of_2009 (help) gives provisions for persons who died before Indonesia's independence in 1945, allowing those who "fought against colonialism in an area that is now part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia" (Original: "berjuang melawan penjajahan di wilayah yang sekarang menjadi wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia") to receive the title.
4. ^ Based on the original:
1. Warga Negara Indonesia yang telah meninggal dunia dan semasa hidupnya:
1. Telah memimpin dan melakukan perjuangan bersenjata atau perjuangan politik/ perjuangan dalam bidang lain mencapai/ merebut /memper tahankan/mengisi kemerdekaan serta mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.
2. Telah melahirkan gagasan atau pemikiran besar yang dapat menunjang pembangunan bangsa dan negara.
3. Telah menghasilkan karya besar yang mendatangkan manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas atau meningkatkan harkat dan martabat bangsa Indonesia.
2. Pengabdian dan Perjuangan yang dilakukannya berlangsung hampir sepanjang hidupnya (tidak sesaat) dan melebihi tugas yang diembannya.
3. Perjuangan yang dilakukan mempunyai jangkauan luas dan berdampak nasional.
4. Memiliki konsistensi jiwa dan semangat kebangsaan/nasionalisme yang tinggi.
5. Memiliki akhlak dan moral yang tinggi.
6. Tidak menyerah pada lawan/musuh dalam perjuangannya.
7. Datam riwayat hidupnya tidak pernah melakukan perbuatan tercela yang dapat merusak nilai perjuangannya.
5. ^ The Indonesian language has undergone several spelling reforms since the country declared its independence in 1945. As of 2020, the Indonesian Spelling System, issued in 2015, is the official spelling system in Indonesia.
6. ^ Some sources give his birth year as 1886 or 1890.
7. ^ Also known by the Sundanese name Danudirja Setiabudi
8. ^ Also known as Harun Tahir
9. ^ Year of birth uncertain. Some sources, such as Encyclopædia Britannica, give 1590.
10. ^ Also known as Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali.
11. ^ a b Previously declared a Proclamation Hero in 1986
12. ^ 1916 is the date recognised by the Indonesian government. The actual date may be different. Several sources, for example, give 1912 (Said 1991, p. 80).
13. ^ Generally noted as Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, meaning "wife of Ahmad Dahlan"
14. ^ Date of death uncertain; he disappeared in 1945.
15. ^ Most often referred to as Dr. Sutomo
16. ^ Also known as Bung Tomo

## Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2009.
2. ^ a b c d Indonesian State Secretariat, Prosedur.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (2).
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (1).
5. ^ JCG, Abdul Muis.
6. ^ a b Artaria 2002, p. 539.
7. ^ a b c d e f g Safitri, Eva (10 November 2023). "Jokowi Resmi Beri Gelar Pahlawan Nasional ke 6 Tokoh". detik.com. Detik. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
8. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 254.
9. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 251–252.
10. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 2–3.
11. ^ a b c d e f Antara, Jokowi confers National Hero titles on first UGM rector, five figures.
12. ^ a b c d e f g The Jakarta Post 2011, Govt Gives.
13. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 64–66.
14. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 185–187.
15. ^ a b c d Setneg, Presiden Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
16. ^ Detik.com, Ini Kiprah 4 Pahlawan Nasional yang Baru Dinobatkan Tahun Ini.
17. ^ a b c d e f Antara, President awards title of national hero to six figures.
18. ^ a b c d e "President Jokowi Bestows National Hero Titles to Five Figures". Cabinet Secretariat of Republic of Indonesia. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
19. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 264.
20. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 227–228.
21. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 265–266.
22. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 20–21.
23. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 80–81.
24. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 190.
25. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 90–93.
26. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 255.
27. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 206–207.
28. ^ a b c d President Jokowi Names Four Historical Figures as National Heroes.
29. ^ a b Profil Tombolotutu, Raja Asal Sulteng yang Diberi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
30. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 195–196.
31. ^ Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 90–91.
32. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 229–230.
33. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 66–67.
34. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 231.
35. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 22–23.
36. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 158–159.
37. ^ a b c d e f The Jakarta Post, Jokowi to name six historical figures as national heroes.
38. ^ Kompas.com, As'ad Syamsul Arifin Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
39. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 234.
40. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 168–169.
41. ^ a b c d e CNN Indonesia, Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
42. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 52–53.
43. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 188–189.
44. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 68–70.
45. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 82–83.
46. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 71–72.
47. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 123–124.
48. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 4–5.
49. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 24–25.
50. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 210–211.
51. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 93–94.
52. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 237–238.
53. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 160–161.
54. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 164–165.
55. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 239–240.
56. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 170–171.
57. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 201–202.
58. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 26–27.
59. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 197–198.
60. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 178.
61. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 235–236.
62. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 42–43.
63. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 95–96.
64. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 271–272.
65. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 241–242.
66. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 248.
67. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 292–293.
68. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 244–245.
69. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 56–57.
70. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 30–31.
71. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 44–45.
72. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 249.
73. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 191–192.
74. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 276–277.
75. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 250.
76. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 187.
77. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 253.
78. ^ a b The Jakarta Post 2010, Doctor, Army Officer.
79. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 86–87.
80. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 224–225.
81. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 300.
82. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 212–213.
83. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 8–9.
84. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 298.
85. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 105–107.
86. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 296–297.
87. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 258.
88. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 14–15.
89. ^ a b c d Kominfo, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan kepada 4 Tokoh Nasional.
90. ^ a b c Parlina 2013, Govt names three new national heroes.
91. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 259–260.
92. ^ Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan, Pahlawan Nasional Pertama Dari Papua Barat.
93. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 46–47.
94. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 12–14.
95. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 108–109.
96. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 16–17.
97. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 203–204.
98. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 97–98.
99. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 208–209.
100. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 261.
101. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 6–7.
102. ^ a b Aritonang 2012, Sukarno, Hatta.
103. ^ a b The Jakarta Post 2012, Respect Thy Heroes.
104. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 110–111.
105. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 262–263.
106. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 286–287.
107. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 119–120.
108. ^ Moehammad Jasin: Bapak Brimob, Spesialis Penumpas Separatisme.
109. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 273–274.
110. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 73.
111. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 243.
112. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 176–177.
113. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 18–19.
114. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 256.
115. ^ Kamajaya 1981, pp. 50–57.
116. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 268.
117. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 131–132.
118. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 269–270.
119. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 36–37.
120. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 299.
121. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 10–11.
122. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 214–215.
123. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 28–29.
124. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 121–122.
125. ^ Siapakah Sosok Raden Aria Wangsakara Yang Belum Lama Ini Dinobatkan Sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Oleh Jokowi?.
126. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 181–182.
127. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 125–126.
128. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 127–128.
129. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 133.
130. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 172–173.
131. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 183–184.
132. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 32–33.
133. ^ a b Mirnawati 2012, pp. 34–35.
134. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 280.
135. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 84–85.
136. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 199–200.
137. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 74–75.
138. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 162–163.
139. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 99–100.
140. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 193–194.
141. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 216–217.
142. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 246–247.
143. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 112–113.
144. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 166–167.
145. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 222–223.
146. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 116–117.
147. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 136–137.
148. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 40–41.
149. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 232–233.
150. ^ a b Mirnawati 2012, p. 138.
151. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 114–115.
152. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 218–219.
153. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 134–135.
154. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 139–140.
155. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 76–77.
156. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 284–285.
157. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 220–221.
158. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 58–59.
159. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 141–142.
160. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 48–49.
161. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 38–39.
162. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 129–130.
163. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 143–144.
164. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 54–55.
165. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 60–62.
166. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 174–175.
167. ^ Usmar Ismail, Bapak Perfilman Indonesia Yang Jadi Pahlawan Nasional.
168. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 147–148.
169. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 88–89.
170. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 78–79.
171. ^ Mirnawati 2012, p. 118.
172. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 179–180.
173. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 50–51.
174. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 101–102.
175. ^ Mirnawati 2012, pp. 103–104.

## Works cited

[edit]

* Artaria, Myrtati Diah (2002). "Heroes and Heroines". In Chambert-Loir, Henri; Reid, Anthony (eds.). The Potent Dead: Ancestors, Saints and Heroes in Contemporary Indonesia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 538–540\. ISBN 978-1-86508-739-9.
* "Abdul Muis". Encyclopedia of Jakarta (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Government. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
* Aritonang, Margareth S. (12 November 2012). "Sukarno, Hatta national heroes at last". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
* "Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" [List of Names of National Heroes of the Republic of Indonesia (1)]. Awards of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Indonesian State Secretariat. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
* "Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (2)" [List of Names of National Heroes of the Republic of Indonesia (2)]. Awards of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Indonesian State Secretariat. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
* "Doctor, Army Officer Named National Heroes". The Jakarta Post. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
* "Editorial: Respect Thy Heroes". The Jakarta Post. 10 November 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
* "Govt Gives Posthumous Honor to Heroes". The Jakarta Post. 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
* "Iskandar Muda". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
* Kamajaya (1981). Lima Putera-Puteri Aceh Pahlawan Nasional [Five Sons and Daughters of Aceh that are National Heroes] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: U.P. Indonesia. OCLC 65644873.
* Mirnawati (2012). Kumpulan Pahlawan Indonesia Terlengkap [Most Complete Collection of Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: CIF. ISBN 978-979-788-343-0.
* Parlina, Ina (9 November 2013). "Govt names three new national heroes". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
* "Prosedur Penganugerahan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional" [Procedure for Awarding the Title of National Hero]. Awards of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Indonesian State Secretariat. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
* "Presiden Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional". Setneg.go.id (in Indonesian). Ministry of State Secretariat. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
* "Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Ke Lima Tokoh". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 5 November 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
* "Moehammad Jasin: Bapak Brimob, Spesialis Penumpas Separatisme". Tirto.id (in Indonesian). 3 May 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "As'ad Syamsul Arifin Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 9 November 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
* Said, Salim (1991). Genesis of Power: General Sudirman and the Indonesian Military in Politics, 1945–49. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-3035-90-4.
* Sudarmanto, J. B. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of the Heroes: Uniting the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Grasindo. ISBN 978-979-759-716-0.
* Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2009 tentang Gelar, Tanda Jasa, dan Tanda Kehormatan [Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2009 Regarding Titles, Awards, and Recognition] (PDF). Jakarta: Government of Indonesia. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
* "Ini Kiprah 4 Pahlawan Nasional yang Baru Dinobatkan Tahun Ini". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 October 2017.
* "Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan kepada 4 Tokoh Nasional". Kominfo (in Indonesian). Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Indonesia. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
* "President awards title of national hero to six figures". Antara. 8 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
* "Jokowi confers National Hero titles on first UGM rector, five figures". Antara. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
* "Jokowi to name six historical figures as national heroes". Antara. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
* "Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan, Pahlawan Nasional Pertama Dari Papua Barat". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "President Jokowi Names Four Historical Figures as National Heroes". Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "Usmar Ismail, Bapak Perfilman Indonesia Yang Jadi Pahlawan Nasional". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "Profil Tombolotutu, Raja Asal Sulteng yang Diberi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional". Kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "Siapakah Sosok Raden Aria Wangsakara Yang Belum Lama Ini Dinobatkan Sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Oleh Jokowi?". bantenekspose.id (in Indonesian). 6 November 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
* "Sosok Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris, Raja Kutai yang Diberi Gelar Pahlawan 2021". Medcom.id (in Indonesian). 10 November 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

* v
* t
* e

National Heroes of Indonesia

Political|

* Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
* Abdul Halim Majalengka
* Abdurrahman Baswedan
* Achmad Soebardjo
* Adam Malik
* Adnan Kapau Gani
* Alexander Andries Maramis
* Andi Djemma
* Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
* Arie Frederik Lasut
* Arnold Mononutu
* Bagindo Azizchan
* B.W. Lapian
* Tjilik Riwut
* Djuanda Kartawidjaja
* Ernest Douwes Dekker
* Ferdinand Lumbantobing
* Gatot Mangkoepradja
* Hamengkubuwono IX
* Hazairin
* Idham Chalid
* Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
* Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
* I Gusti Ketut Pudja
* Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
* Izaak Huru Doko
* Johannes Leimena
* Kasman Singodimedjo
* Kusumah Atmaja
* Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
* Maskoen Soemadiredja
* Masjkur
* Mohammad Hatta
* Mohammad Husni Thamrin
* Mohammad Natsir
* Moewardi
* Nani Wartabone
* Opu Daeng Risaju
* Oto Iskandar di Nata
* P. M. Noor
* Rajiman Wediodiningrat
* Rasuna Said
* Sahardjo
* Sam Ratulangi
* Samanhudi
* Soekarni
* Sukarno
* Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
* Supeno
* Soepomo
* Soeroso
* Ario Soerjo
* Soerjopranoto
* Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
* Sutan Sjahrir
* Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
* Tan Malaka
* Teuku Muhammad Hasan
* Teuku Nyak Arif
* Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
* Wahid Hasyim
* Zainul Arifin

Military|

* Abdul Haris Nasution
* Abdul Rahman Saleh
* Adisucipto
* Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe
* Basuki Rahmat
* Djamin Ginting
* Djatikoesoemo
* Gatot Soebroto
* Halim Perdanakusuma
* Harun Thohir
* Hasan Basry
* Iswahyudi
* I Gusti Ngurah Rai
* John Lie
* Keumalahayati
* R. E. Martadinata
* Mas Isman
* Moestopo
* Muhammad Mangundiprojo
* Muhammad Yasin
* Noer Alie
* Oerip Soemohardjo
* Slamet Rijadi
* Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
* Sudirman
* Supriyadi
* Sutomo
* Syam'un
* T. B. Simatupang
* Usman Janatin
* Robert Wolter Mongisidi
* Yos Sudarso

Independence|

* Fatmawati

Revolutionaries|

* Ahmad Yani
* Karel Satsuit Tubun
* Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
* Katamso Darmokusumo
* Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
* Pierre Tendean
* Siswondo Parman
* Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
* Suprapto
* Sutoyo Siswomiharjo

Resistance|

* Alimin
* Dr. Soetomo
* Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
* Wahidin Soedirohoesodo

Literary|

* Abdoel Moeis
* Agus Salim
* Amir Hamzah
* Mohammad Yamin
* Raja Ali Haji

Art|

* Ismail Marzuki
* Wage Rudolf Supratman
* Usmar Ismail

Education|

* Dewi Sartika
* Herman Johannes
* Kartini
* Ki Hajar Dewantara
* Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
* Maria Walanda Maramis

Integration|

* Frans Kaisiepo
* Johannes Abraham Dimara
* Marthen Indey
* Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
* Silas Papare
* Syarif Kasim II

Press|

* Ilyas Yakoub
* Mohammad Tabrani
* Ruhana Kuddus
* Tirto Adhi Soerjo

Development|

* Suharso
* Siti Hartinah
* Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes

Religion|

* Abdul Chalim
* Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
* Ahmad Dahlan
* Ahmad Hanafiah
* Ahmad Sanusi
* As'ad Syamsul Arifin
* Albertus Soegijapranata
* Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
* Fakhruddin
* Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
* Hasyim Asy'ari
* Lafran Pane
* Mas Mansoer
* Nyai Ahmad Dahlan

Struggle|

* Abdul Kadir
* Achmad Rifa'i
* Ageng Tirtayasa
* Andi Depu
* Andi Mappanyukki
* Aria Wangsakara
* Prince Antasari
* Sultan Agung
* Sultan Babullah
* Bataha Santiago
* Teungku Chik di Tiro
* Cut Nyak Dhien
* Cut Nyak Meutia
* Diponegoro
* Raja Haji Fisabilillah
* Hamengkubuwono I
* Hasanuddin
* Tuanku Imam Bonjol
* Iskandar Muda
* I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
* I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
* Kiras Bangun
* La Maddukelleng
* Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
* Mahmud Badaruddin II
* Mahmud Shah III of Johor
* Mangkunegara I
* Martha Christina Tiahahu
* Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
* Nyi Ageng Serang
* Pakubuwono VI
* Pakubuwono X
* Pattimura
* Pong Tiku
* Raden Mattaher
* Radin Inten II
* Ranggong Daeng Romo
* Ratu Kalinyamat
* Sisingamangaraja XII
* Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
* Tuanku Tambusai
* Teuku Umar
* Thaha Syaifuddin
* Untung Surapati
* Zainal Mustafa

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Indonesia articles

History|

* Timeline
* Prehistory
* Hindu-Buddhist era
* Spread of Islam
* Portuguese era (1512–1605)
* VOC era (1603–1800)
* French and British era (1806–1816)
* Dutch East Indies (1800–1949)
* Japanese occupation (1942–1945)
* National Revolution (1945–1949)
* Liberal democracy era (1950–1959)
* Guided Democracy era (1959–1966)
* Transitional era (1965–1968)
* New Order (1966–1998)
* Reformasi (since 1998)

Geography|

* Borders
* Climate
* Climate change
* Conservation
* Biosphere reserves
* National parks
* Deforestation
* Earthquakes
* Environmental issues
* Geology
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Provincial highest points
* Natural history
* Fauna
* Flora
* Regions
* Rivers
* Volcanoes

Politics|

* Administrative divisions
* Historical
* Provinces
* Regencies and cities
* Districts
* Cabinet
* Constitution
* Corruption
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* Law
* Censorship
* Enforcement
* Military (Babinsa)
* National capital
* Pancasila
* People's Consultative Assembly
* Police
* Political parties
* President (List)
* Wawasan Nusantara

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Automotive
* Aviation
* Banks
* Energy
* History
* Science and technology
* Stock exchange
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Transport
* Water supply and sanitation

Society|

* Abortion
* Crime
* Human trafficking
* Piracy
* Prostitution
* Smoking

Culture|

* Architecture
* Candi
* Colonial
* Mosques
* Rumah adat
* Art
* Batik
* Cinema
* Costume
* Cuisine
* Dance
* Festivals
* Legends
* Literature
* Martial arts
* Media
* Music
* Mythology
* National heroes
* National Pedestrian Day
* Painting
* Properties
* Public holidays
* Sport
* Theatre
* Video games

Demographics|

* Education
* Ethnic groups
* Indonesian
* Health
* Healthcare
* Homelessness
* Languages
* Religion
* Refugees
* Women
* LGBT rights

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Costume
* Emblem
* Historical
* Subdivision
* Faunal emblems
* Flag
* Subdivision
* Floral emblems
* Motto
* Nusantara
* Personification
* Songs

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal
* Gallery
* Atlas

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