Nature Boy

1948 song by Eden Abhez, sung by Nat King Cole

For other uses, see Nature Boy (disambiguation).

"Nature Boy"

Single by Nat King Cole
from the album  The Nat King Cole Story
B-side| "Lost April"
Released| March 29, 1948 (1948-03-29)
Recorded| August 22, 1947 (1947-08-22)
Studio| Capitol, 5515 Melrose Ave, Hollywood[1]
Genre|

* Jazz
* pop

Length| 2:56
Label| Capitol
Songwriter(s)| Eden Ahbez
Nat King Cole singles chronology
| "Route 66"
(1946)  | "Nature Boy"
(1948)  | "Mona Lisa"
(1950)

|
|

Audio video
"Nature Boy" on YouTube

"Nature Boy" is a song first recorded by American jazz singer Nat King Cole. It was released on March 29, 1948, as a single by Capitol Records, and later appeared on the album, The Nat King Cole Story. It was written by Eden Ahbez as a tribute to Bill Pester, who practiced the Naturmensch and Lebensreform philosophies adopted by Ahbez. The lyrics of the song relate to a 1940s Los Angeles–based group called "Nature Boys", a subculture of proto-hippies of which Ahbez was a member.[2]

"Nature Boy" was released during the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) ban of 1948. It reached the top of the Billboard music charts and sold over a million copies, helping to establish Cole's solo career, and introducing him to the white music market. "Nature Boy" was the subject of lawsuits, with Yiddish composer Herman Yablokoff claiming that it was plagiarized from his song "Shvayg mayn harts" (שװײג מײן האַרץ, "Be Still My Heart"). Eventually, ahbez and Yablokoff settled out of court. In 1999, the song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award.

Following Cole's success, rival record companies released cover versions of "Nature Boy" by other artists including Frank Sinatra and Sarah Vaughan, which were also successful. It ultimately became a pop and jazz standard, with many artists interpreting the song, including Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga, who recorded it for their collaborative album Cheek to Cheek (2014). It was also used in numerous films like The Boy with Green Hair, The Talented Mr. Ripley, and the 2001 musical Moulin Rouge!, for which singer David Bowie recorded a version.

## Background and development

[edit]

In 1941, a 33-year-old George McGrew arrived in Los Angeles and began playing piano in the Eutropheon, a small health food store and raw food restaurant on Laurel Canyon Boulevard. The café was owned by John and Vera Richter, who followed a Naturmensch (nature person) and Lebensreform (life reform) philosophy influenced by the Wandervogel (Wandering Bird) movement in Germany.[3][4][5][6] Their followers, known as "Nature Boys", wore long hair and beards and ate only raw fruits and vegetables. McGrew adopted the philosophy and chose the name "eden ahbez", writing and spelling his name with lower-case letters.[7] It was there, while living in a cave near Palm Springs, that ahbez wrote "Nature Boy". Partly autobiographical, the song was a tribute to his mentor Bill Pester, who had originally introduced him to Naturmensch and Lebensreform.[8]

In 1947, at the prompting of Cowboy Jack Patton and Johnny Mercer, ahbez approached Nat King Cole's manager backstage at the Lincoln Theater in Los Angeles, handed him a tattered copy of "Nature Boy", and asked him to show it to Cole. However, his pleas were ignored and a disappointed ahbez left the sheet music of "Nature Boy" with Cole's valet, Otis Pollard.[9] From him, Cole learned of the song and loved it. Cole began playing "Nature Boy" for live audiences, and received much acclaim. Irving Berlin, who was present during one of the performances, offered to buy the track from Cole, but Cole decided to record it himself.[10] He needed permission from ahbez, however, before releasing it as a single, but he was unable to find the songwriter since ahbez had disappeared without providing any contact details.[11] After ahbez was discovered living under the Hollywood Sign, Cole got his permission.

## Recording and composition

[edit]

"Nature Boy" (1961 re-recording)

An 18-second sample from Cole's 1961 version of "Nature Boy". It begins with the opening lyrics, "There was a boy, A very strange, enchanted boy", which is backed by Frank De Vol's string arrangement and flute instrumentation.

* * *

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Cole's recording, which took place on August 22, 1947, featured an orchestra conducted by Frank De Vol—the in-house arranger of Capitol Records.[12] He used strings and flute as instrumentation in the song, to capture the "enchanting" vibe of the track.[10] The first two measures of the song's melody parallel the melody of the second movement in composer Antonín Dvořák's Piano Quintet No. 2 (1887).[13] Written as a pop ballad, "Nature Boy" follows an "A,B" format, with the primary three notes descending on a minor triad above the pickup note. An ascending line over the diminished ii chord returns to the initial minor triad. The harmonic structure makes frequent use of the standard ii–V–I progression in the key of D minor. The second 4-bar section featured a chromatic descending line based on the lowering of the tonic (Dm–Dmmaj7–Dm7–Dm6). The same descending line then continues through Gm6–Dm, then finally ending with a whole-step down to the G in the chord Em7♭5.[14]

Instrumentalist Chris Tyle noted that the lyrics are a musical self-portrait of ahbez, with the lines like "There was a boy, A very strange, enchanted boy, They say he wandered very far, Very far, over land and sea". But he believed that it was the song's last line that made it the most poignant: "The greatest thing you'll ever learn, Is just to love and be loved in return".[15] Various interpretations of the line are given by academics, with the eponymous nature boy being a child, advising on love and relationship, or an adult hippie talking about his journey and inner-love. According to author Jeffery P. Dennis, the song presented a homo-romantic theme, with the eponymous nature boy visiting Cole on a "magic day" and explaining that "the greatest thing you'll ever learn, is just to love and be loved in return".[16] Author Raymond Knapp described the track as a "mystically charged vagabond song" whose lyrics evoked an intense sense of loss and haplessness, with the final line delivering a universal truth, described by Knapp as "indestructible" and "salvaged somehow from the perilous journey of life".[17]

According to Joe Romersa, an engineer/drummer in Los Angeles, to whom ahbez bequeathed master tapes, photos, and final works,[18] ahbez wanted a correction made to the lyrics saying "To be loved in return, is too much of a deal, and there's no deal in love.", and that instead it should read "The greatest thing you'll ever learn is to love and be loved, just to love, and be loved." Romersa has stated that, because these lyrics did not fit with the original ending melody, ahbez re-wrote it.[19]

## Release and reception

[edit]

"Nature Boy" helped Nat King Cole to further popularize his singing career, and made him reach the white audience.

In 1948, a second "Petrillo ban" on music recording was enforced by American Federation of Musicians (AFM) in response to the Taft–Hartley Act. Capitol Records, desperate to release recorded material to help sustain profitability during the strike, released "Nature Boy" as a single on March 29, 1948, with catalog number 15054.[20] Crestview Music, which owned the publishing rights to Cole's songs, sold the rights for "Nature Boy" to Burke-Van Heusen, who acted as distributor and selling agent.[21] The record debuted on the Billboard charts of April 16, 1948, and stayed there for 15 weeks, ultimately peaking at number one. It also reached a peak of number two on the R&B charts.[22] "Nature Boy" went on to sell a million copies in 1948 and Billboard DJs listed it as the greatest record of the year, with the song accumulating a total of 743 points.[23][24]

The 1940s American music market was divided by race, and for a black artist to cross over to mainstream pop music was difficult. Author Krin Gabbard noted in his book, Jammin' at the Margins: Jazz and the American Cinema, that Cole had to wear white makeup while filming for the performance of the song.[25] Although he had come into prominence in 1940 as a leader of the jazz trio named King Cole Trio, it was with "Nature Boy" that he received widespread recognition, and it was his rendition that appealed to the white audience.[10]

Cole would later use the success of the song to disband the trio in order to pursue a solo recording career.[26] He once described "Nature Boy" as one of his favorite recordings.[27][28] The success of the song allowed ahbez to accumulate about US$20,000 ($253,629 in 2023 dollars[29]) in royalties.[11] However, Billboard reported that ahbez kept only 50% of the royalty for himself, and distributed the rest among people who had helped bring the song into the limelight. About 25% was shared with Mrs. Loraine Tatum for helping him with the lyrics, and the rest with Pollard, for bringing the song to Cole's notice.[21]Basil R.T Mumma, a Pianist in Chicago made important contributions to the song as well. [30]

"Nature Boy" has received wide acclaim from critics and contemporary reviewers. Author Ted Gioia noted in his book, The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire, that all the musicians "who had created the golden age of American popular song had their quirks and idiosyncrasies, but eden ahbez demands pride and place as the most eccentric of them all". He added that, along with promoting the hippie culture, with "Nature Boy", ahbez and Cole were able to introduce a new era for black artists in white popular music.[31] In his book, Sinatra! the Song is You: A Singer's Art, author Will Friedwald complimented Cole's version, saying that it had been the "startingly fresh" combination of the singer's vocals along with the string section, which had made "Nature Boy" a hit.[20] Stephen Cook from AllMusic said that the song transformed Cole into "one of the most famous and beloved pop singing stars of the postwar years".[32] Billboard noted that such was the popularity of the song that audiences would only stay in theaters to see Cole perform "Nature Boy", and leave once he finished.[33] A 1975 poll by the magazine listed it as the "Greatest All-Round Record" as well as the "Favorite Pop Recording" of the previous years.[34] In 1999, the song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame, a special Grammy Award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance".[35] Novelist Steve Erickson in Los Angeles magazine gave a detailed positive review of the song:

> "Nature Boy" is so otherworldly in its melody and lyric that any number of interpretations over the decades, from Nat Cole's to Alex Chilton's, have never been able to make it ordinary. It sounds like something that, from the minute it was written, existed out of time and place—all thousand and one Arabian Nights compressed into two and a half minutes as mediated by a cracked Mojave Debussy slugging down the last of the absinthe from his canteen.[36]

Yiddish theatre composer Herman Yablokoff claimed in his biography, Memoirs of the Yiddish Stage, that the melody to "Nature Boy" was plagiarized from his song "Shvayg mayn harts" ("Hush My Heart"), which he wrote for his play Papirosn (1935).[37] When met with a lawsuit in 1951 for the plagiarization, ahbez first proclaimed his innocence, and telephoned Yablokoff to explain that he "had heard the melody as if angels were singing it... in the California mountains. He offered me $10,000 to withdraw the suit. I said that the money was not important, but I wanted him to admit that the song was geganvet [stolen]; and if he heard angels, they must have bought a copy of my song." Eventually ahbez's lawyers offered to have an out-of-court settlement, offering $25,000 ($293,462 in 2023 dollars[29]) to Yablokoff, which he accepted.[13][38] Freidwald remarked that "it struck no one as ironic that a song with message of love and peace should come to symbolize how cutthroat the pop music business was becoming".[20]

## Other versions

[edit]

Other popular versions of the song were released by Frank Sinatra (left) and Sarah Vaughan (right)

The success of "Nature Boy" soon led to the release of a number of cover versions of the track. However, due to the AFM ban, other record companies could not release full versions with strings, only a cappella tracks.[20] Following Cole's version of "Nature Boy", the Dick Haymes recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24439. The record first appeared on the Billboard charts on June 4, 1948, and peaked at number 11.[22]

Frank Sinatra also recorded a musicianless version, which was his only recording during the ban. Sinatra's version of "Nature Boy" replaced the string sounds of the original recording with a choir conducted by Jeff Alexander, which, according to Friedwald, made the song sound like a Gregorian chant.[20] The recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38210. It debuted on the Billboard charts on May 28, 1948, and peaked at number seven.[22] Sinatra later performed the song on the radio show, Your Hit Parade, accompanied by a choir and orchestral arrangement.[20] RCA Records planned to release versions by singers Perry Como and Bing Crosby, but they were subsequently cancelled due to the ban. Musicraft Records released Sarah Vaughan's a cappella version on April 8, 1948. It was a commercial success, selling 20,000 copies on the first day and peaking at number 11 on the Billboard chart.[21] A parody named "Serutan Yob" was recorded by The Unnatural Seven, an offshoot of Red Ingle and his Natural Seven that did not include Ingle due to the 1948 AFM recording ban. "Serutan Yob" featured vocals from Karen Tedder and Los Angeles DJ Jim Hawthorne. It was released by Capitol with catalog number 15210, reached the Billboard charts on October 1, 1948, and stayed there for a total of four weeks, peaking at number 24.[22][31]

In 1955, Miles Davis recorded the song with Charles Mingus as bassist. The recording for the song was filled with tension due to an ongoing conflict between Davis and Mingus, resulting in a charged version of the song. They were assisted by Teddy Charles on vibraphone and Elvin Jones on drums.[39] Another version was recorded by singer Bobby Darin, released in 1961[16] reaching number 14 in Canada[40] and number 24 in the UK singles chart.[41] A psychedelic rock version was recorded in 1965 by 1960s San Francisco rock band The Great Society, with lead vocals from singer Grace Slick, released on their 1968 post-breakup album How it Was.[42] Same year, Marvin Gaye recorded and released his version on the Cole tribute album, A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole.[43] In 1969, Gandalf recorded a cover version released on their eponymous album.

A version by George Benson reached number 26 in the UK singles chart in 1977[44] and in 1983 soul band Central Line reached number 21.[45]

Peggy Lee's version of "Nature Boy" was recorded in 1948, but released in 1995 as part of the compilation album, Why Don't You Do Right? Peggy Lee, 1947–1948.[46] Johnny Hartman made a 1972 recording that was included on Blue Note's 1995 album For Trane.[47] Abbey Lincoln recorded a version of the song for her 1995 album A Turtle's Dream. Howard Reich from the Chicago Tribune was impressed with the cover saying that "the mood of reverie and awe [that Lincoln] expresses in 'Nature Boy' epitomize this album's haunting appeal."[48]

Natalie Cole, the daughter of Nat "King" Cole, paid tribute to her father by recording her version of "Nature Boy" for inclusion on an entire album of songs that had been, according to Alex Henderson from AllMusic, "major hits for him in the 1940s and early '50s."[49] That album, Natalie Cole's Unforgettable... with Love, won several Grammy Awards in 1991 including Record of the Year and Album of the Year.[50]

Celine Dion performed the song as part of her A New Day... concert at Caesars Palace. The song appeared on her 2002 studio album, A New Day Has Come, and on her 2004 live album, A New Day... Live in Las Vegas.[51] Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic said that the decision to include "Nature Boy" in A New Day Has Come was inspired by the song's appearance in Baz Luhrmann's musical, Moulin Rouge! (2001).[52] With Billboard, Dion expressed her feelings while recording the track: "This is the one I had the most kick out of in the studio. I could hear the pedal of the piano and the touch of the keys while I was singing. We were following each other, this is the real thing. This was such my pleasure." Initially strings and other instrumentation were added in post-production, but were later removed to maintain the simplicity of Cole's version.[53]

Aaron Neville's interpretation of the track was released in 2003 on his jazz standard album, titled Nature Boy: The Jazz Album.[54] That year in December, Harry Connick, Jr. released a holiday themed rendition of "Nature Boy", on his holiday album, Harry for the Holidays.[55] At the tenth season of American Idol, contestant Casey Abrams presented a jazz version of the song, which was received with a standing ovation from the audience, but faced criticism from the media for the "strange" musical arrangements.[31]

Rick Astley covered this song for his sixth studio album Portrait in 2005. Unfortunately, Astley and Sony BMG were unhappy with the result so the album was poorly promoted, yet it managed to reach No 26 on the UK Albums Chart. Norwegian singer Aurora performed an acoustic version of the song during a live session in May 2015.[56] Her cover was later included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of her debut album All My Demons Greeting Me as a Friend, released in 2016.[57]

Sofia Hoffmann recorded her interpretation for "Nature Boy" on her second studio album Rebirth which was released in 2022. The song was produced by  GRAMMY award winning American pianist, arranger and producer  John Beasley.[58]

### Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga version

[edit]

"Nature Boy"

Promotional single by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga
from the album  Cheek to Cheek
Released| September 16, 2014 (2014-09-16)
Length| 4:08
Label|

* Columbia
* Interscope

Songwriter(s)| eden ahbez
Producer(s)| Dae Bennett
Audio video
"Nature Boy" on YouTube

After recording the jazz standard "The Lady Is a Tramp", American singer Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga began working on a collaborative jazz album, titled Cheek to Cheek.[59][60] The recording took place over a year in New York City, and featured jazz musicians associated with both artists. Bennett's quartet was present, including Mike Renzi, Gray Sargent, Harold Jones and Marshall Wood as well as pianist Tom Lanier. Along with Evans, jazz trumpeter Brian Newman, a long-time friend and colleague of Gaga, played on the album with his New York City based jazz quintet. Tenor saxophonist Joe Lovano and flutist Paul Horn were also enlisted as musicians. The songs were handpicked by Bennett and Gaga; they selected tracks from the Great American Songbook including "Nature Boy".[60][61] It features instrumentation from flutes and drums, and has an orchestral arrangement. According to Kory Grow of Rolling Stone, Gaga sings in a Liza Minnelli inspired voice with a breathy range, followed by Bennett complimenting her with the story of meeting the titular character.[62][63]

"Nature Boy" was released for streaming on Gaga's Vevo channel from September 16, 2014. Preceding the release, Gaga tweeted about the background of the song, about the death of flutist Horn, as well as about ahbez, saying "This composer was part of a sub-culture of nomadic hippies! We channeled our own Gypsy lives in this performance".[64][65] Gil Kaufman from MTV News gave a positive review, saying that "This song sounds like what you imagine a smoky jazz club in 1940s New York would feel like."[62] Grow praised it as "sublime", describing the track as a "loungier" version Gaga and Bennett's collaboration.[63] Dave Lewis from HitFix believed that the "magic" of the song really happened once Bennett's vocals were heard, following Gaga's singing and the orchestration. Lewis said that "It's not exactly 'Do What You Want with My Body', but Gaga and Bennett generate a different kind of heat."[66] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian said that the song was "treated with the greatest delicacy". He praised the flute sounds and the contrast between Gaga's "vulnerable" vocals and Bennett's "assured" one.[67] Alexa Camp from Slant Magazine gave a negative review, saying that her timbre in "Nature Boy" appeared inconsistent, "shifting from soft and almost pleasant to parodic and comical, often within just a few short bars".[68] "Nature Boy" reached number 22 on the Billboard Jazz Digital Songs chart.[69] In Russia, it peaked at number 259 on the official Tophit airplay chart.[70]

#### Release history

[edit]

Release dates and formats for "Nature Boy"  Region  | Date  | Format  | Label(s)  | Ref.

|
|
|
|

Various  | September 16, 2014  | Streaming |

* Columbia
* Interscope

| [64]

## Usage in films

[edit]

Singer David Bowie's version in Moulin Rouge! was critically appreciated

The song was a primary theme of the film score for The Boy with Green Hair (1948), for which the original version was used.[71] The producers of the film reportedly paid $10,000 to ahbez for using the song, which was cumulatively more than what the author of the story, Betsy Beaton, was paid.[72] A recording by Kate Ceberano with an orchestral arrangement by Derek Williams was featured in the film The Crossing (1990).[73] The tune and lyrics feature prominently in the film Untamed Heart (1993), for which Cole's version was used during the closing credits, while a piano version by Roger Williams served as the opener for the film. The song was also played in intermediate scenes featuring the principal cast.[74][75]

Miles Davis' recording of "Nature Boy" was used in the film The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999).[76] In the book Music, Movies, Meanings, and Markets: Cinemajazzamatazz, author Morris Holbrook described the song as a "nondiegetic performance", exemplifying the plot development and sexual tension in the scene featuring Matt Damon and Jude Law playing chess, naked, and later in a bathtub scene.[77] The song is performed at a jazz club in the film Angel Eyes, (2001). A version recorded by Jon Hassell on trumpet and Ronu Majumdar on flute is featured on the soundtrack.[78] The writing of "Nature Boy" was the theme of a 2000 Canadian TV film of the same title, directed by Kari Skogland. Callum Keith Rennie played ahbez, writing the song for Cole, played by Terence Carson, after falling in love with a woman named Anna Jacobs, portrayed by Tanya Allen.[79]

The song was a central theme in Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge! "Nature Boy" was initially arranged as a techno song with singer David Bowie's vocals, before being sent to the group Massive Attack, whose remix was used in the film's closing credits. Bowie described the rendition as "slinky and mysterious", adding that Robert "3D" Del Naja from the group had "put together a riveting piece of work", and that Bowie was "totally pleased with the end result".[80] Both Bowie's version and Massive Attack's remix appeared on the soundtrack. The version used in Moulin Rouge! was sung by John Leguizamo, as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, during the introductory scenes, as well as by Ewan McGregor's character, Christian.[81] Some of the film's premise was based on the lyrics, in particular the opening lines. The closing lyric, "The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to love and be loved in return" is used throughout the film.[82] While reviewing Moulin Rouge!, Erickson noted that "[by] itself, ['Nature Boy'] redeems the wonderful idea behind Luhrmann's flawed but often wonderful movie."[36]

The song was performed by Rodrigo Santoro in the film Heleno (2012), during the radio interview when he asks if he could sing a song for his wife and son.[83] Cole's version was again played at the start of Mike Tyson's one-man show, Mike Tyson: Undisputed Truth, directed by Spike Lee that aired on HBO.[84] On December 25, 2016, 20th Century Fox released a teaser trailer for the British-American science-fiction horror film, Alien: Covenant, using a cover of "Nature Boy" by singer Aurora, as the background score.[85] It was also used during the title credits of Netflix's 'The Andy Warhol Diaries'. [citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

* List of 1940s jazz standards
* List of Billboard number-one singles of 1948
* List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)
* List of songs recorded by Celine Dion
* List of songs recorded by Frank Sinatra
* List of songs recorded by Harry Connick, Jr.

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

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51. ^ A New Day... Live in Las Vegas (Media notes). Céline Dion. Epic Records. 2002. EK 92680, ESD 56154.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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57. ^ "All My Demons Greeting Me as a Friend (Deluxe)". United States: iTunes Store. March 11, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
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59. ^ Grow, Kory (July 29, 2014). "Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett Detail 'Magnificent' Collection of Duets". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
60. ^ a b "Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Album of Classic Jazz Standards To Be Released September 23" (Press release). Toronto: Universal Music Canada. July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
61. ^ Cheek to Cheek (Liner notes). Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga. Baarn, Netherlands: Columbia Records, Interscope Records. 2014. p. 6, 9. (3799884).`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
62. ^ a b Kaufman, Gil (September 16, 2014). "Lady Gaga And Tony Bennett's 'Cheek To Cheek': A Track By Track Breakdown". MTV News. Archived from the original on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
63. ^ a b Grow, Kory (September 16, 2014). "Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett Team Up for Sublime 'Nature Boy'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
64. ^ a b Strecker, Erin (September 16, 2014). "Listen to New Lady Gaga & Tony Bennett Song 'Nature Boy'". Billboard. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
65. ^ Cerasaro, Pat (September 6, 2014). "Lady Gaga & Tony Bennett Set To Release 'Nature Boy', 9/16". Broadway World. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
66. ^ Lewis, Dave (September 16, 2014). "Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett get back to 'nature' on new duet". HitFix. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
67. ^ Sullivan, Caroline (September 18, 2014). "Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga review – Gaga is a wonder". The Guardian. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
68. ^ Camp, Alexa (September 17, 2014). "Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek". Slant Magazine. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
69. ^ "Jazz Digital Songs: October 11, 2014". Billboard. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
70. ^ "Chart Search". Tophit for Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
71. ^ Crowther, Bosley (January 13, 1949). "Movie Review – The Boy With Green Hair (1948)". The New York Times. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
72. ^ "Green Hair Trouble". Life. Vol. 24, no. 50\. December 6, 1948. p. 83\. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
73. ^ "Original Soundtrack > The Crossing". AllMusic. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
74. ^ Gillette, Amelie (December 22, 2008). "Seven Pounds Vs. Untamed Heart". The A.V. Club. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
75. ^ MacDonald 2013, p. 382
76. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Miles Davis > Miles in the Movies". AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
77. ^ Holbrook 2012, p. 10
78. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Angel Eyes > Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
79. ^ "Nature Boy". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on September 6, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
80. ^ Vanhorn, Teri (March 22, 2001). "Bowie, Massive Attack Updating Nat 'King' Cole's 'Nature Boy'". MTV News. Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
81. ^ The Making of Moulin Rouge! (Media notes) (in English, French, and Spanish). Baz Luhrmann. 20th Century Fox. 2002. ASIN B001G8XON0.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
82. ^ Kohlenstein, Brad. "Original Soundtrack > Moulin Rouge". AllMusic. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
83. ^ Tomazzoni, Marco (March 14, 2012). "Em preto e branco, 'Heleno' é poesia do começo ao fim" [In black and white, 'Heleno' is poetry from beginning to end] (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
84. ^ Raden, Bill (March 9, 2013). "Mike Tyson's One-Man Show at the Pantages Theater Is Surprisingly Good". LA Weekly. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
85. ^ Warner, Sam (December 25, 2016). "Alien: Covenant's first trailer is finally here, and it's seriously chilling". Digital Spy. Retrieved December 25, 2016.

### Sources

[edit]

* Adinolfi, Francesco (2008). Mondo Exotica: Sounds, Visions, Obsessions of the Cocktail Generation. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822389088.
* Dennis, Jeffery P. (2013). Queering Teen Culture: All-American Boys and Same-Sex Desire in Film and Television. Routledge. ISBN 9781317766223.
* Dimery, Robert (2011). 1001 Songs: You Must Hear Before You Die. Hachette UK. ISBN 9781844037179.
* Gabbard, Kirk (1996). Jammin' At The Margins: Jazz And The American Cinema. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226277882.
* Gioia, Ted (2012). The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199937400.
* Friedwald, Will (1997). Sinatra! The Song is You: A Singer's Art. Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780786751594.
* Gabbard, Krin (2004). Black Magic: White Hollywood and African American Culture. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813533841.
* Gottlieb, Jack (2012). Funny, It Doesn't Sound Jewish: Comparative Studies of Domestic Labor and Self-Employment. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791485026.
* Holbrook, Morris (2012). Music, Movies, Meanings, and Markets: Cinemajazzamatazz. Routledge. ISBN 9781136715761.
* Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). Vegetarian America: A History. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313361647.
* Knapp, Raymond (2010). The American Musical and the Performance of Personal Identity. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400832682.
* Landis, Joseph C. (1984). Memoirs of the Yiddish Stage. Queens College Press. OCLC 11649641.
* MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810883987.
* Mark, Richard (2001). Our L.A. County Lifeguard Family. Los Angeles County Fire Department. ISBN 9780615604763.
* Richmond, Akasha (2006). Hollywood Dish: More Than 150 Delicious, Healthy Recipes from Hollywood's Chef to the Stars. Penguin Books. ISBN 9781583332412.
* Santopietro, Tom (2009). Sinatra in Hollywood (Unabridged ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 9781429964746.
* Schuller, Gunther (1991). The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930–1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195071405.
* Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2010). History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Africa (1857–2009). Soyinfo Center. ISBN 9781928914259.
* Talevski, Nick (2010). Rock Obituaries – Knocking on Heaven's Door. Omnibus Press. ISBN 9780857121172.
* Whitburn, Joel (1973). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 1940–1955. Record Research. ASIN B0006VV23M.

## External links

[edit]

* Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: "Nature Boy" on YouTube

* v
* t
* e

Nat King Cole

* Discography

Studio albums|

* The King Cole Trio
* Nat King Cole at the Piano
* King Cole for Kids
* Penthouse Serenade
* Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love
* The Piano Style of Nat King Cole
* After Midnight
* Just One of Those Things
* Love Is the Thing
* Cole Español
* St. Louis Blues
* The Very Thought of You
* To Whom It May Concern
* Welcome to the Club
* A Mis Amigos
* Tell Me All About Yourself
* Every Time I Feel the Spirit
* Wild Is Love
* The Magic of Christmas
* The Nat King Cole Story
* The Touch of Your Lips
* Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays
* Ramblin' Rose
* Dear Lonely Hearts
* More Cole Español
* Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer
* Where Did Everyone Go?
* Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady
* Let's Face the Music!
* I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore
* L-O-V-E

Compilation albums|

* Harvest of Hits
* Top Pops
* Unforgettable
* 10th Anniversary Album
* Ballads of the Day
* This Is Nat King Cole
* The Beautiful Ballads
* 20 Golden Greats
* For Sentimental Reasons
* Love Songs

Tribute albums|

* All for You: A Dedication to the Nat King Cole Trio
* Dear Mr. Cole
* Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole
* The Nat King Cole Songbook
* P.S. Mr. Cole
* A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole
* With Respect to Nat
* You're Lookin' at Me (A Collection of Nat King Cole Songs)
* Nat King Cole & Me

Songs|

* "That Ain't Right
* "All for You"
* "Straighten Up and Fly Right"
* "Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You"
* "It's Only a Paper Moon"
* "The Frim-Fram Sauce"
* "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"
* "(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons"
* "The Christmas Song (Merry Christmas to You)"
* "What'll I Do"
* "Nature Boy"
* "Put 'em in a Box, Tie 'em with a Ribbon, and Throw 'em in the Deep Blue Sea"
* "Don't Blame Me"
* "For You My Love"
* "I Almost Lost My Mind"
* "Mona Lisa"
* "Orange Colored Sky"
* "Frosty the Snowman"
* "Too Young"
* "Red Sails in the Sunset"
* "Unforgettable"
* "Somewhere Along the Way"
* "Walkin' My Baby Back Home"
* "Because You're Mine"
* "Pretend"
* "I Am in Love"
* "Lover, Come Back to Me"
* "Answer Me, My Love"
* "Tenderly"
* "Smile"
* "Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup"
* "A Blossom Fell"
* "That's All There Is to That"
* "Night Lights"
* "To the Ends of the Earth"
* "Ballerina"
* "When I Fall in Love"
* "Stardust"
* "Send for Me"
* "Looking Back"
* "Acércate Más (Come Closer to Me)"
* "Non Dimenticar"
* "You Made Me Love You"
* "Just as Much as Ever"
* "Let There Be Love"
* "Ramblin' Rose"
* "Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer"
* "That Sunday, That Summer"
* "People"
* "L-O-V-E"
* "Let's Face the Music and Dance"

Family|

* Maria Cole (wife)
* Carole Cole (daughter)
* Natalie Cole (daughter)
* Eddie Cole (brother)
* Ike Cole (brother)
* Freddy Cole (brother)
* Lionel Cole (nephew)

* v
* t
* e

Sarah Vaughan

* Albums
* Singles

Studio albums|

* Sarah Vaughan (1950 album)
* Sarah Vaughan (1955 album)
* In the Land of Hi-Fi
* After Hours
* Sassy
* Swingin' Easy
* Sarah Vaughan and Billy Eckstine Sing the Best of Irving Berlin
* Sarah Vaughan Sings George Gershwin
* Sarah Vaughan Sings Broadway: Great Songs from Hit Shows
* No Count Sarah
* Vaughan and Violins
* Close to You
* Dreamy
* The Divine One
* The Explosive Side of Sarah Vaughan
* Count Basie/Sarah Vaughan
* After Hours
* You're Mine You
* Sarah + 2
* Sarah Sings Soulfully
* Snowbound
* Sweet 'n' Sassy
* Star Eyes
* Sarah Slightly Classical
* Vaughan with Voices
* Pop Artistry of Sarah Vaughan
* The Lonely Hours
* ¡Viva! Vaughan
* Sarah Vaughan Sings the Mancini Songbook
* The New Scene
* It's a Man's World
* Sassy Swings Again
* A Time in My Life
* Sarah Vaughan with Michel Legrand
* Feelin' Good
* Send in the Clowns
* I Love Brazil!
* How Long Has This Been Going On?
* The Duke Ellington Songbook, Vol. 1
* The Duke Ellington Songbook, Vol. 2
* Copacabana
* Songs of the Beatles
* Send in the Clowns
* Crazy and Mixed Up
* The Planet Is Alive...Let It Live!
* Brazilian Romance

Live albums|

* At Mister Kelly's
* After Hours at the London House
* Sassy Swings the Tivoli
* Live in Japan
* Sarah Vaughan with the Jimmy Rowles Quintet
* Ronnie Scott's Presents Sarah Vaughan Live
* Gershwin Live!
* One Night Stand – The Town Hall Concert 1947
* In the City of Lights
* Linger Awhile: Live at Newport and More
* Divine Lady of Song

Compilation albums|

* Sarah Vaughan in Hi-Fi

Other album appearances|

* 2:00 AM Paradise Cafe
* Back on the Block

Extended plays|

* Hot Jazz
* The Divine Sarah Sings

Songs|

* "Tenderly"
* "Nature Boy"
* "It's Magic"
* "Black Coffee"
* "That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)"
* "Thinking of You"
* "Vanity"
* "How Important Can It Be?"
* "Whatever Lola Wants"
* "Mr. Wonderful"
* "The Banana Boat Song"
* "Passing Strangers"
* "Broken Hearted Melody"
* "Misty"
* "Eternally"
* "A Lover's Concerto"
* "Autumn in New York"
* "Body and Soul"
* "Dancing in the Dark"
* "Don't Blame Me"
* "Everything I Have Is Yours"
* "I've Got a Crush on You"
* "If You Could See Me Now"
* "Moonlight in Vermont"
* "My Funny Valentine"
* "Poor Butterfly"
* "Send In the Clowns"
* "Someone to Watch Over Me"
* "With These Hands"

Related topics|

* The Calling: Celebrating Sarah Vaughan
* Sarah: Dedicated to You
* Unmarked Van: A Tribute to Sarah Vaughan

* v
* t
* e

David Bowie singles

* Discography
* Songs

1960s|

* "Liza Jane"
* "I Pity the Fool"
* "You've Got a Habit of Leaving"
* "Baby Loves That Way"
* "Can't Help Thinking About Me"
* "Do Anything You Say"
* "I Dig Everything"
* "Rubber Band"
* "The London Boys"
* "The Laughing Gnome"
* "Love You till Tuesday"
* "Space Oddity"

1970s|

* "The Prettiest Star"
* "Memory of a Free Festival"
* "Holy Holy"
* "Moonage Daydream"
* "Hang On to Yourself"
* "Changes"
* "Starman"
* "John, I'm Only Dancing"
* "The Jean Genie"
* "Drive-In Saturday"
* "Time"
* "Life on Mars"
* "Let's Spend the Night Together"
* "Sorrow"
* "Rebel Rebel"
* "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide"
* "Diamond Dogs"
* "1984"
* "Knock on Wood"
* "Rock 'n' Roll with Me"
* "Young Americans"
* "Fame"
* "Golden Years"
* "Station to Station" (French promo)
* "TVC 15"
* "Suffragette City"
* "Stay"
* "Sound and Vision"
* "Be My Wife"
* "'Heroes'"
* "Beauty and the Beast"
* "Breaking Glass"
* "Boys Keep Swinging"
* "D.J."
* "Yassassin"
* "Look Back in Anger"
* "John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)"

1980s|

* "Alabama Song"
* "Crystal Japan"
* "Ashes to Ashes"
* "Fashion"
* "Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)"
* "Up the Hill Backwards"
* "Under Pressure"
* "Wild Is the Wind"
* "The Drowned Girl"
* "Cat People (Putting Out Fire)"
* "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy"
* "Let's Dance"
* "China Girl"
* "Modern Love"
* "Without You"
* "White Light/White Heat"
* "Blue Jean"
* "Tonight"
* "This Is Not America"
* "Loving the Alien"
* "Dancing in the Street"
* "Absolute Beginners"
* "Underground"
* "When the Wind Blows"
* "Magic Dance"
* "Day-In Day-Out"
* "Time Will Crawl"
* "Never Let Me Down"
* "Under the God"
* "Heaven's in Here"
* "Tin Machine" / "Maggie's Farm (live)"
* "Prisoner of Love"

1990s|

* "Fame '90"
* "You Belong in Rock n' Roll"
* "Baby Universal"
* "One Shot"
* "Real Cool World"
* "Jump They Say"
* "Black Tie White Noise"
* "Miracle Goodnight"
* "The Buddha of Suburbia"
* "Ziggy Stardust"
* "The Hearts Filthy Lesson"
* "Strangers When We Meet" / "The Man Who Sold the World (live)"
* "Hallo Spaceboy"
* "Telling Lies"
* "Little Wonder"
* "Dead Man Walking"
* "Seven Years in Tibet"
* "Pallas Athena"
* "I'm Afraid of Americans"
* "I Can't Read"
* "Without You I'm Nothing"
* "Thursday's Child"
* "The Pretty Things Are Going to Hell"

2000s|

* "Survive"
* "Seven"
* "Slow Burn"
* "Everyone Says 'Hi'"
* "I've Been Waiting for You"
* "Shadow Man"
* "New Killer Star"
* "Just for One Day (Heroes)"
* "Rebel Never Gets Old"

2010s|

* "Golden Years David Bowie vs KCRW"
* "Where Are We Now?"
* "The Stars (Are Out Tonight)"
* "The Next Day"
* "Valentine's Day"
* "Love Is Lost"
* "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore"
* "Sue (Or in a Season of Crime)"
* "Blackstar"
* "Lazarus"
* "I Can't Give Everything Away"

Other songs|

* "Silly Boy Blue"
* "Let Me Sleep Beside You"
* "Karma Man"
* "Unwashed and Somewhat Slightly Dazed"
* "Cygnet Committee"
* "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud"
* "The Width of a Circle"
* "All the Madmen"
* "Black Country Rock"
* "After All"
* "She Shook Me Cold"
* "The Man Who Sold the World"
* "The Supermen"
* "Oh! You Pretty Things"
* "Kooks"
* "Quicksand"
* "Andy Warhol"
* "Song for Bob Dylan"
* "Queen Bitch"
* "The Bewlay Brothers"
* "Bombers"
* "Five Years"
* "Soul Love"
* "Lady Stardust"
* "Velvet Goldmine"
* "Sweet Head"
* "Amsterdam"
* "Round and Round"
* "Watch That Man"
* "Aladdin Sane"
* "Panic in Detroit"
* "Cracked Actor"
* "Lady Grinning Soul"
* "All the Young Dudes"
* "Future Legend"
* "Sweet Thing"
* "Big Brother"
* "Can You Hear Me?"
* "Right"
* "Fascination"
* "Word on a Wing"
* "Speed of Life"
* "What in the World"
* "Always Crashing in the Same Car"
* "Warszawa"
* "Art Decade"
* "Weeping Wall"
* "Subterraneans"
* "Joe the Lion"
* "Sons of the Silent Age"
* "Blackout"
* "V-2 Schneider"
* "Sense of Doubt"
* "Neuköln"
* "Fantastic Voyage"
* "It's No Game"
* "Teenage Wildlife"
* "Scream Like a Baby"
* "As the World Falls Down"
* "Girls"
* "Nite Flights"
* "I'm Deranged"
* "Nature Boy"
* "Cactus"
* "Pablo Picasso"
* "The Loneliest Guy"
* "Try Some, Buy Some"
* "Fall Dog Bombs the Moon"
* "Bring Me the Disco King"
* "Girl Loves Me"
* "Dollar Days"

* v
* t
* e

Tony Bennett

Discography

Studio albums|

| 1950s|

* Because of You
* Cloud 7
* Tony
* The Beat of My Heart
* Long Ago and Far Away
* In Person!
* Strike Up the Band
* Hometown, My Town

|

1960s|

* To My Wonderful One
* Tony Sings for Two
* Alone Together
* Sings a String of Harold Arlen
* My Heart Sings
* I Left My Heart in San Francisco
* I Wanna Be Around...
* This Is All I Ask
* The Many Moods of Tony
* When Lights Are Low
* Who Can I Turn To
* If I Ruled the World: Songs for the Jet Set
* The Movie Song Album
* Tony Makes It Happen
* For Once in My Life
* Snowfall: The Tony Bennett Christmas Album
* I've Gotta Be Me

1970s|

* Tony Sings the Great Hits of Today!
* Tony Bennett's "Something"
* Love Story
* Summer of '42
* With Love
* The Good Things in Life
* Life Is Beautiful
* The Tony Bennett/Bill Evans Album
* Together Again

1980s–90s|

* The Art of Excellence
* Bennett/Berlin
* Astoria: Portrait of the Artist
* Perfectly Frank
* Steppin' Out
* Here's to the Ladies
* Tony Bennett on Holiday
* Tony Bennett: The Playground
* Bennett Sings Ellington: Hot & Cool

2000s–20s|

* Playin' with My Friends: Bennett Sings the Blues
* A Wonderful World
* The Art of Romance
* Duets: An American Classic
* A Swingin' Christmas (Featuring The Count Basie Big Band)
* Duets II
* Viva Duets
* Cheek to Cheek
* The Silver Lining: The Songs of Jerome Kern
* Love Is Here to Stay
* Love for Sale

Live albums|

* Tony Bennett at Carnegie Hall
* MTV Unplugged
* Tony Bennett Celebrates 90

Compilations|

* Mr. Broadway: Tony's Greatest Broadway Hits
* A Time for Love
* The Essential Tony Bennett

Singles|

* "Because of You"
* "Cold, Cold Heart"
* "Rags to Riches"
* "I Left My Heart in San Francisco"
* "Just in Time"
* "Living Together, Growing Together"
* "Body and Soul"
* "The Lady Is a Tramp"
* "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
* "Anything Goes"
* "I Can't Give You Anything but Love"
* "Nature Boy"
* "I Get a Kick Out of You"
* "Love for Sale"

Live performances
and specials|

* Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live!
* Cheek to Cheek Tour
* One Last Time: An Evening with Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga

Documentaries|

* The Zen of Bennett

* v
* t
* e

Lady Gaga songs

* Discography
* Songs

The Fame|

* "Just Dance"
* "LoveGame"
* "Paparazzi"
* "Poker Face"
* "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)"
* "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich"

The Fame Monster|

* "Bad Romance"
* "Alejandro"
* "Monster"
* "Speechless"
* "Dance in the Dark"
* "Telephone"
* "So Happy I Could Die"
* "Teeth"

Born This Way|

* "Marry the Night"
* "Born This Way"
* "Government Hooker"
* "Judas"
* "Americano"
* "Hair"
* "Scheiße"
* "Bloody Mary"
* "Electric Chapel"
* "You and I"
* "The Edge of Glory"

Artpop|

* "Aura"
* "Venus"
* "G.U.Y."
* "Sexxx Dreams"
* "Do What U Want"
* "Artpop"
* "Swine"
* "Dope"
* "Gypsy"
* "Applause"

Cheek to Cheek|

* "Anything Goes"
* "I Can't Give You Anything but Love"
* "Nature Boy"
* "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)"

Joanne|

* "A-Yo"
* "Joanne"
* "John Wayne"
* "Perfect Illusion"
* "Million Reasons"
* "Angel Down"

A Star Is Born|

* "Shallow"
* "Always Remember Us This Way"
* "Is That Alright?"
* "Why Did You Do That?"
* "I'll Never Love Again"

Chromatica|

* "Alice"
* "Stupid Love"
* "Rain on Me"
* "Free Woman"
* "911"
* "Sour Candy"
* "Sine from Above"

Love for Sale|

* "Love for Sale"
* "I Get a Kick Out of You"

Top Gun: Maverick|

* "Hold My Hand"

As featured artist|

* "Chillin"
* "Video Phone" (remix)
* "3-Way (The Golden Rule)"
* "Sweet Sounds of Heaven"

Other songs recorded|

* "Christmas Tree"
* "The Lady Is a Tramp"
* "Til It Happens to You"
* "The Cure"
* "Your Song"
* "Die with a Smile"

Other songs written/produced|

* "Make Her Say"
* "Fever"
* "Invading My Mind"
* "Hypnotico"
* "Maybe It's Time"

* Category

Authority control databases |

* MusicBrainz work

|

*[Ref.]: Reference
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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template