Nefamese

Language of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Arunamese/Nefamese

Native to| Arunachal Pradesh

Native speakers

| unknown (2006)[1]

Language family

Assamese-based pidgin

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `nef`
Glottolog| `nefa1235`

Nefamese or Arunamese is a pidgin of Arunachal Pradesh (formerly NEFA), India. Its classification is unclear; Ethnologue states that it is based on the Assamese language, but also that it is most closely related to the Sino-Tibetan Gallong like the Assamese language formed out by the mixture of languages like Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, Tai and Indo-European family of languages.

Nefamese emerged in eastern Arunachal Pradesh as a lingua franca among the Nyishi, Adi, Apatanai, Khampti, Hill Miri, Idu Mishimi, Nocte, Wancho, Tagin, Mompa, Zakhring, and Bugun peoples, among others—between them and with other Indigenous Assamese people and other Indigenous groups of Northeast India. The language is threatened by, and has perhaps somewhat been replaced by, the use of Hindi.

## Phonology

[edit]

Consonants[2] | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal

|
|
|
|
|

Plosive | p b | t d | tʃ dʒ | k g |
Fricative |  | s | ʃ |  | h
Nasal | m | n |  | ŋ |
Approximant | w | r, l | j |  |
Vowels[2] | Front | Central | Back

|
|
|

High | i |  | u
Mid | e | ə | o
Low |  | aː |

## See also

[edit]

* Nagamese Creole

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Arunamese/Nefamese at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. ^ a b Bhuyan, Nupur Chandra (2012). "The Phonological aspects of Nefamese" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2024.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Bhuyan, Nupur (2013). A descriptive analysis of Nefamese (PhD). hdl:10603/94064.

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Northeast India

Arunachal
Pradesh|

| Sal|

* Deori
* Nocte
* Singpho
* Tangsa
* Tutsa
* Wancho

|

Tani|

* Adi
* Apatani
* Bori
* Gallong
* Nishi
* Tangam
* Yano

Other|

* Assamese
* Hajong
* Karbi
* Milang
* Nefamese
* Puimei

Assam|

| Indo-Aryan|

* Assamese‎
* Bengali
* Bishnupriya Manipuri
* Haflong Hindi
* Sylheti

|

Sino-Tibetan|

| Kuki-Chin|

* Amri Karbi
* Bawm
* Biate
* Chiru
* Gangte
* Hmar
* Hrangkhol
* Karbi
* Paite
* Ranglong
* Saihriem
* Sakachep
* Vaiphei

|

Sal|

* Barman
* Bodo
* Deori
* Dimasa
* Garo
* Kachari
* Koch
* Kokborok
* Moran
* Nocte
* Rabha
* Singpho
* Tangsa
* Tiwa
* Turung
* Tutsa
* Wancho

Tani|

* Adi
* Bangni-Tagin
* Bokar
* Hill Miri
* Mising
* Na
* Nishi

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Khoirao
* Maram
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Hajong
* Meitei

Kra-Dai|

* Ahom
* Khamti
* Khamyang
* Tai Aiton
* Tai Phake

Manipur|

| Kuki-Chin|

| Northern|

* Anāl
* Biate
* Chiru
* Chothe
* Gangte
* Hrangkhol
* Kom
* Lamkang
* Moyon
* Paite
* Purum
* Ralte
* Simte
* Thadou
* Vaiphei
* Zou

|

Other|

* Hmar
* Mizo
* Monsang
* Sakachep
* Sorbung
* Tarao

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Khoirao
* Maram
* Puimei
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Chairel
* Maring
* Uipo
* Meitei
* Sopvoma
* Tangkhul

Meghalaya|

| Kuki-Chin|

* Amri Karbi
* Biate
* Gangte
* Karbi
* Khelma
* Mizo
* Vaiphei

|

Khasic|

* Khasi
* Lyngngam
* Pnar
* War

Other|

* Atong
* Garo
* Hajong
* Koch

Mizoram|

* Biate
* Falam
* Hakha Chin
* Hmar
* Khelma
* Kokborok
* Mara
* Mizo
* Nga La
* Ranglong
* Paite
* Ralte
* Tedim
* Zyphe

Nagaland|

| Sino-
Tibetan|

| Angami-
Pochuri|

* Angami
* Chokri
* Kuzhami
* Moyon
* Ntenyi
* Pochuri
* Rengma
* Sümi
* Sopvoma

|

Ao|

* Ao
* Lotha
* Mongsen Ao
* Sangtam
* Wui
* Yimchungrü

Sal|

* Chang
* Dimasa
* Khiamniungan
* Konyak
* Nocte
* Phom
* Wancho

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Lamkang
* Mzieme
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Chiru
* Chothe
* Khelma
* Makury
* Tangkhul

Other|

* Assamese
* Nagamese creole

Sikkim|

* Gurung
* Lepcha‎
* Limbu‎
* Magar
* Nepali
* Newar‎
* Sherpa
* Sikkimese Bhutia
* Sunwar‎
* Tamang
* Yakkha
* Yolmo

Tripura|

| Indo-Aryan|

* Bengali
* Bishnupriya Manipuri
* Sylheti

|

Sino-Tibetan|

* Bawm
* Darlong
* Koch
* Kokborok
* Meitei
* Mizo
* Paite
* Ralte
* Ranglong
* Tangkhul
* Thadou
* Vaiphei
* Zeme

* v
* t
* e

Indo-Aryan languages

Dardic|

| Kashmiri|

* Kashmiri
* Kishtwari

|

Shina|

* Shina
* Brokskat
* Kundal Shahi
* Kalkoti
* Ushoji
* Palula
* Sawi

Pashayi|

* Pashayi

Kunar|

* Dameli
* Gawar-Bati
* Nangalami
* Shumashti
* Wotapuri-Katarqalai

Chitral|

* Kalasha
* Khowar

Hazara Division|

* Indus Kohistani
* Bateri
* Chilisso
* Gowro
* Kalami
* Tirahi
* Mankiyali

Northern|

| Eastern|

* Doteli
* Jumli
* Nepali

|

Central|

* Garhwali
* Kumaoni

Western|

* Dogri
* Kangri
* Bhadarwahi
* Churahi
* Bhateali
* Bilaspuri
* Chambeali
* Gaddi
* Pangwali
* Mandeali
* Mahasu Pahari
* Jaunsari
* Kullui
* Pahari Kinnauri
* Hinduri
* Sirmauri
* Sarazi

Northwestern|

| Punjabi|

| Eastern|

* Punjabi
* dialects
* Sansi

|

Lahnda|

* Hindko
* Inku
* Khetrani
* Pahari-Pothwari
* Saraiki

Sindhi|

* Jadgali
* Kholosi
* Kutchi
* Luwati
* Memoni
* Sindhi

Western|

| Gujarati|

* Aer
* Gujarati
* Lisan ud-Dawat
* Jandavra
* Koli
* Kachi
* Parkari
* Wadiyara
* Saurashtra
* Vaghri

|

Rajasthani|

* Bagri
* Goaria
* Loarki
* Gujari
* Dhundari
* Harauti
* Malvi
* Marwari
* Mewati
* Mewari
* Shekhawati
* Dhatki
* Od
* Nimadi

Bhil|

* Bhili
* Bhilali
* Chodri
* Dhodia–Kukna
* Dhanki
* Dubli
* Bauria
* Bhilori
* Mawchi
* Magari
* Palya Bareli
* Pauri Bareli
* Rathwi Bareli
* Pardhi
* Gamit
* Kalto
* Vasavi
* Wagdi
* Vaagri Booli

Others|

* Khandeshi
* Lambadi
* Dawoodi
* Domari
* Romani
* list of languages

Central|

| Western|

* Braj Bhasha
* Bundeli
* Haryanvi
* Hindustani
* Kauravi
* Hindi
* Hinglish/Urdish
* Urdu
* Deccani
* Judeo-Urdu
* Hyderabadi Urdu
* Rekhta
* Kannauji
* Sansi
* Sadhukkadi

|

Eastern|

* Awadhi
* Bagheli
* Chhattisgarhi
* Fiji Hindi

Others|

* Parya

Eastern|

| Bihari|

| Bhojpuric|

* Bhojpuri
* Caribbean Hindustani

|

Magahi|

* Magahi
* Khortha

Maithili|

* Maithili
* Angika
* Bajjika

Sadanic|

* Sadri
* Kurmali

Tharuic|

* Tharu
* Kochila
* Buksa
* Majhi
* Musasa

Others|

* Kumhali
* Kuswaric
* Bote-Darai
* Danwar

Gauda–
Kamarupa|

| Bengali|

* Bengali
* dialects
* Bishnupriya Manipuri
* Hajong
* Kharia Thar
* Kurmukar
* Mal Paharia
* Noakhali
* Sylheti
* Tanchangya
* Chittagonian
* Chakma
* Rohingya

|

Kamarupic|

* Assamese
* Kamrupi
* Dehan
* Goalpariya
* Rajbanshi (Nepal)
* Rangpuri
* Surjapuri

Odia|

* Odia
* Sambalpuri
* Desia
* Bhatri
* Bodo Parja
* Reli
* Kupia

Halbic|

* Halbi
* Kamar
* Bhunjia
* Nahari

Southern|

| Marathi–
Konkani|

| Marathic|

* Marathi
* Varhadi
* Andh
* Berar Deccan
* Varli
* Phudagi
* Katkari
* Kadodi

|

Konkanic|

* Konkani
* Maharashtrian Konkani
* Nawayathi

Insular|

* Maldivian
* Sinhala

Old|

* Sanskrit
* Vedic
* Classical
* Mitanni superstrate

Middle|

| Early|

* Ashokan Prakrit
* Pāli
* Early Ardhamagadhi

|

Middle (Prakrit)|

* Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
* Dramatic Prakrits
* Ardhamagadhi
* Magadhi
* Maharashtri
* Shauraseni
* Gāndhārī
* Gaudi
* Paishachi

Late (Apabhraṃśa)|

* Abahattha
* Apabhraṃśa
* Elu
* Kamarupi
* Khasa Prakrit

Proto-
languages|

* Proto-Indo-Iranian
* Proto-Indo-Aryan

Unclassified|

* Badeshi (unknown further classification)
* Bazigar
* Chinali–Lahul
* Chinali
* Lahul Lohar
* Sheikhgal

Pidgins
and creoles|

* Andaman Creole Hindi
* Bombay Hindi
* Haflong Hindi
* Nagamese
* Nefamese
* Vedda

See also
Indo-Iranian languages
Nuristani languages
Iranian languages
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