Neuroma

Benign tumor composed of nerve tissue

Medical condition

Neuroma

Solitary circumscribed neuroma
Specialty| Oncology

A neuroma (/njʊəˈroʊmə/; plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue.[1] Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms.

Neuromas can arise from different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas.

The term is also used to refer to any swelling of a nerve, even in the absence of abnormal cell growth. In particular, traumatic neuroma results from trauma to a nerve, often during a surgical procedure. Morton's neuroma affects the foot. Neuromas can be painful, or sometimes, as in the case of acoustic neuromas, can give rise to other symptoms.

## Neoplasms

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* Acoustic neuroma \- a slow-growing, benign tumor of the acoustic nerve.[2] Symptoms, which most often start after the age of 30, can include dizziness, headache, vertigo, loss of balance, ringing sensations, and numbness.[3]
* Ganglioneuroma \- a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells.[4]
* Pacinian neuroma - a very rare, painful, benign hyperplastic tumor of Pacinian corpuscles (mechanoreceptors responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure), sometimes linked to a history of local trauma.[5]

## Other nerve swellings

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Some of the benign varieties of neuroma, in the broadest sense of the term, are not neoplasms.

* Traumatic neuroma follows different forms of nerve injury (often as a result of surgery). They occur at the end of injured nerve fibres as a form of ineffective, unregulated nerve regeneration; it occurs most commonly near a scar, either superficially (skin, subcutaneous fat) or deep (e.g., after a cholecystectomy). They are often very painful. Synonyms include scar neuroma, amputation neuroma, or pseudoneuroma.
* Morton's neuroma (a mononeuropathy of the foot) is another example of the more general usage of the term neuroma. Some prefer the term "Morton's metatarsalgia", thus avoiding the term neuroma and its association with tumors.[6]

## Etymology

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The stem neuro- originates from the Greek word for nerve (νεῦρον), while the suffix -oma (-ωμα) denotes swelling.[7] The stem does not imply that neuromas necessarily arise from neurons; neuromas generally arise from non-neuronal nerve tissues. The word was originally used to refer to any nerve tumor, but its meaning has evolved.[7]

## References

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1. ^ "Neuroma". Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 5287\. ISBN 978-1-4557-0985-4. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
2. ^ "Acoustic Neuroma". NHS Choices. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
3. ^ "Acoustic neuroma". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
4. ^ Gross, Kenneth (2006-09-25). "Ganglioneuroma". Retrieved 2007-05-09.
5. ^ Zanardi F, Cooke RM, Maiorana A, Curti S, Farioli A, Bonfiglioli R, Violante FS, Mattioli S (2011). ""Is this case of a very rare disease work-related?" A review of reported cases of Pacinian neuroma". Scand J Work Environ Health. 37 (3): 253–8\. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3132. hdl:11380/738485. PMID 21082159.
6. ^ "Morton's metatarsalgia". GPnotebook.
7. ^ a b "neuroma". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

Classification|

* ICD-O: 9570/0
* MeSH: D009463

|

* v
* t
* e

Tumours of the nervous system

Endocrine|

| Sellar:|

* Craniopharyngioma
* Pituicytoma

|

Other:|

* Pinealoma

CNS|

| Neuroepithelial
(brain tumors,
spinal tumors)|

| Glioma|

| Astrocyte|

* Astrocytoma
* Pilocytic astrocytoma
* Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
* Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
* Fibrillary astrocytoma
* Anaplastic astrocytoma
* Glioblastoma

|

Oligodendrocyte|

* Oligodendroglioma
* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma

Ependyma|

* Ependymoma
* Subependymoma

Choroid plexus|

* Choroid plexus tumor
* Choroid plexus papilloma
* Choroid plexus carcinoma

Multiple/unknown|

* Oligoastrocytoma
* Gliomatosis cerebri
* Gliosarcoma

Mature
neuron|

* Ganglioneuroma: Ganglioglioma
* Retinoblastoma
* Neurocytoma
* Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
* Lhermitte–Duclos disease

CNS embryonal tumors|

* Medulloblastoma
* Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
* Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes

Meninges|

* Meningioma
* Hemangiopericytoma

Hematopoietic|

* Primary central nervous system lymphoma

PNS:|

* Neuroblastoma
* Esthesioneuroblastoma
* Ganglioneuroblastoma
* Nerve sheath tumor
* Cranial and paraspinal nerves
* Neurofibroma
* Neurofibromatosis
* Neurilemmoma/Schwannoma
* Acoustic neuroma
* Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Other|

* WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system

Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see brain metastasis).

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany

|

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