New Atheism

Positions promoted by some atheists

Part of a series on

Atheism

Concepts

* Implicit and explicit atheism
* Naturalism
* Negative and positive atheism

History

* History of atheism
* Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment
* New Atheism

Society

* Atheist feminism
* Criticism of religion
* Demographics of atheism
* Discrimination against atheists
* Secular ethics
* Secularism
* Separation of church and state
* State atheism
* Atheism and religion

Arguments

Arguments for atheism

* Atheist's wager
* Creator of God
* Evil God challenge
* Fate of the unlearned
* Free will
* God of the gaps
* Hitchens's razor
* Incompatible properties
* Inconsistent revelation
* Nonbelief
* Occam's razor
* Omnipotence paradox
* Parody religion
* Poor design
* Problem of evil
* Problem of Hell
* Russell's teapot
* Theological noncognitivism

People

|  Lists of atheists

* Julian Baggini
* Mikhail Bakunin
* Mario Bunge
* Albert Camus
* Richard Dawkins
* Daniel Dennett
* Denis Diderot
* Ludwig Feuerbach
* A. C. Grayling
* Sam Harris
* Christopher Hitchens
* Baron d'Holbach
* Lawrence Krauss
* Michael Lou Martin
* Karl Marx
* Jean Meslier
* Friedrich Nietzsche
* Michel Onfray
* Bertrand Russell
* Peter Singer
* Victor J. Stenger

Books

* Atheism: The Case Against God
* Breaking the Spell
* De rerum natura
* The End of Faith
* The God Delusion
* God Is Not Great
* The System of Nature

Related stances

|  Irreligion

* Agnosticism
* Freethought
* Secular humanism

Atheism and religion

* Criticism of atheism
* LaVeyan Satanism
* Secular paganism
* Secular Buddhism

* Outline
* Category
* Philosophy portal
* WikiProject

* v
* t
* e

New Atheism is a perspective shared by some atheist academics, writers, scientists, and philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries, intolerant of superstition, religion, and irrationalism.[1][2] New Atheists advocate the antitheist view that the various forms of theism should be criticised, countered, examined, and challenged by rational argument, especially when they exert strong influence on the broader society, such as in government, education, and politics.[3][4]

Major figures of New Atheism include Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens,[3] collectively referred to as the "Four Horsemen" of the movement.[5] Proponents of the New Atheist movement have experienced some controversy and criticisms from academics and other atheists.[6][7][8][9][10]

## Prominent figures

[edit]

This section may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent sources. (April 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

### The "Four Horsemen"

[edit]

The "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism (clockwise from top left): Sam Harris (b. 1967), Richard Dawkins (b. 1941), Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011), and Daniel Dennett (1942–2024)

Key figures associated with New Atheism include evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosopher and neuroscientist Sam Harris, philosopher and cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett, and journalist Christopher Hitchens.[3][5][11] The four are often collectively referred to as the "Four Horsemen",[5][12][13] an allusion to the biblical Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse from the Book of Revelation.[14][15] Before her 2023 conversion to Christianity, writer and politician Ayaan Hirsi Ali was sometimes referred to as the fifth "Horseman"[12][16] or "Horsewoman" of New Atheism.[14][17]

Harris's 2004 book The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason, a bestseller in the United States, was joined over the next couple years by a series of popular best-sellers by atheist authors.[18][19] Harris was motivated by the events of 11 September 2001, for which he blamed Islam, while also directly criticizing Christianity and Judaism.[20] Two years later, Harris followed up with Letter to a Christian Nation, which was a severe criticism of Christianity.[21] Later Harris wrote several bestselling non-fiction books including The Moral Landscape, and Waking Up, along with two shorter works (initially published as e-books) Free Will and Lying.[22][23]

Dawkins is the founder of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. In 2006, following his television documentary series The Root of All Evil?, he published The God Delusion, which was on the New York Times best-seller list for 51 weeks.[24] Dawkins writes in the introduction to the 10th anniversary edition of the book: "I don't object to the horseman label, by the way. I'm less keen on 'new atheist': it isn't clear to me how we differ from old atheists."[25]

On 30 September 2007, Dawkins, Harris, Hitchens, and Dennett met at Hitchens' residence in Washington, D.C., for a private two-hour unmoderated round table discussion. The event was videotaped and titled "The Four Horsemen".[26] During "The God Debate" in 2010 with Hitchens versus Dinesh D'Souza, the group was collectively referred to as the "Four Horsemen of the Non-Apocalypse".[27]

Hitchens, the author of God Is Not Great,[28] was named among the "Top 100 Public Intellectuals" by Foreign Policy and Prospect magazines. He served on the advisory board of the Secular Coalition for America. In 2010, Hitchens published his memoir Hitch-22 (a nickname provided by close personal friend Salman Rushdie, whom Hitchens always supported during and following The Satanic Verses controversy).[29] Shortly after its publication, he was diagnosed with esophageal cancer, which led to his death in December 2011.[30] Before his death, Hitchens published a collection of essays and articles in his book Arguably;[31] a short edition, Mortality,[32] was published posthumously in 2012. These publications and numerous public appearances provided Hitchens with a platform to remain an astute atheist during his illness, even speaking specifically on the culture of deathbed conversions and condemning attempts to convert the terminally ill, which he opposed as "bad taste".[33][34]

Dennett was the author of Darwin's Dangerous Idea and Breaking the Spell.[35][36] He had been a vocal supporter of The Clergy Project,[37] an organization that provides support for clergy in the US who no longer believe in God and cannot fully participate in their communities any longer.[38] He was also a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board,[39] and a member of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, as well as an outspoken supporter of the Brights movement. He did research into clerics who are secretly atheists and how they rationalize their works. He found what he called a "don't ask, don't tell" conspiracy because believers did not want to hear of loss of faith. This made unbelieving preachers feel isolated, but they did not want to lose their jobs and church-supplied lodgings. Generally, they consoled themselves with the belief that they were doing good in their pastoral roles by providing comfort and required ritual.[40] The research, with Linda LaScola, was further extended to include other denominations and non-Christian clerics.[41] The research and stories Dennett and LaScola accumulated during this project were published in their 2013 co-authored book, Caught in the Pulpit: Leaving Belief Behind.[42]

The book The Four Horsemen: The Conversation That Sparked an Atheist Revolution was released in 2019.[43][19]

Hirsi Ali is a Somali-born Dutch-American writer, politician, and well-known critic of Islam.[14] She was a central figure of New Atheism[11] until she announced her conversion to Christianity in November 2023.[44] Originally scheduled to attend the 2007 meeting,[45] she later appeared with Dawkins, Dennett, and Harris at the 2012 Global Atheist Convention, where she was referred to as the "one horse-woman" by Dawkins.[46] Robyn Blumner, CEO of the Center for Inquiry, has described Hirsi Ali as the fifth "horseman".[16] Hirsi Ali has been vocal in opposing Islamic ideology, especially concerning women, as exemplified by her books Infidel and The Caged Virgin.[47][48]

### Others

[edit]

Others have either self-identified as or been classified by some commentators as new atheists:

* Dan Barker (b. 1949), author of Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists[49]
* Peter Boghossian (b. 1966), philosopher and author of A Manual for Creating Atheists[50]
* Greta Christina (b. 1961), author of Why Are You Atheists So Angry?: 99 Things that Piss Off the Godless[51]
* Jerry Coyne (b. 1949), author of Faith Versus Fact: Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible[52][53]
* Rebecca Goldstein (b. 1950), philosopher and author of 36 Arguments for the Existence of God[54]
* Michel Onfray (b. 1959), author of Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam[55]
* Michael Schmidt-Salomon (b. 1967) author of Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism and identified as Germany's "Chief Atheist"[56]
* TJ Kirk (b. 1985), YouTube personality and podcast host known for his YouTube Channel Amazing Atheist[57]
* Rebecca Watson (b. 1980), author of the blog Skepchick[58]
* Victor J. Stenger (1935–2014), author of God: The Failed Hypothesis[3][59]

Some writers sometimes classified as new atheists by others have explicitly distanced themselves from the label:

* A. C. Grayling (b. 1949), philosopher and author of The God Argument[60][53]
* John W. Loftus (b. 1954), author of The Outsider Test For Faith[61]
* P. Z. Myers (b. 1957), writer and biologist. Author of the blog Pharyngula

## Perspective

[edit]

The scarlet A, symbol of Out Campaign

Many contemporary atheists write from a scientific perspective. Unlike previous writers, many of whom thought that science was indifferent or even incapable of dealing with the "God" concept, Dawkins argues to the contrary, claiming the "God Hypothesis" is a valid scientific hypothesis,[62] having effects in the physical universe, and like any other hypothesis can be tested and falsified. Victor Stenger proposed that the personal Abrahamic God is a scientific hypothesis that can be tested by standard methods of science. Both Dawkins and Stenger conclude that the hypothesis fails any such tests,[63] and argue that naturalism is sufficient to explain everything we observe. They argue that nowhere is it necessary to introduce God or the supernatural to understand reality.

### Scientific testing of religion

[edit]

Non-believers (in religion and the supernatural) assert that many religious or supernatural claims (such as the virgin birth of Jesus and the afterlife) are scientific claims in nature. For instance, they argue, as do deists and Progressive Christians, that the issue of Jesus' supposed parentage is a question of scientific inquiry, rather than "values" or "morals".[64] Rational thinkers believe science is capable of investigating at least some, if not all, supernatural claims.[65] Institutions such as the Mayo Clinic and Duke University have conducted empirical studies to try to identify whether there is evidence for the healing power of intercessory prayer.[66] According to Stenger, the experiments found no evidence that intercessory prayer worked.[67]

### Logical arguments

[edit]

In his book God: The Failed Hypothesis, Victor Stenger argues that a God having omniscient, omnibenevolent, and omnipotent attributes, which he termed a 3O God, cannot logically exist.[68] A similar series of alleged logical disproofs of the existence of a God with various attributes can be found in Michael Martin and Ricki Monnier's The Impossibility of God,[69] or Theodore Drange's article, "Incompatible-Properties Arguments: A Survey".[70]

### Views on non-overlapping magisteria

[edit]

Richard Dawkins has been particularly critical of the conciliatory view that science and religion are not in conflict, noting, for example, that the Abrahamic religions constantly dabble in scientific matters.[64] In a 1998 article published in Free Inquiry magazine,[64] and later in his 2006 book The God Delusion, Dawkins expresses disagreement with the view advocated by Stephen Jay Gould that science and religion are two non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA), each existing in a "domain where one form of teaching holds the appropriate tools for meaningful discourse and resolution".[64]

In Gould's proposal, science and religion should be confined to distinct non-overlapping domains: science would be limited to the empirical realm, including theories developed to describe observations, while religion would deal with questions of ultimate meaning and moral value. Dawkins contends that NOMA does not describe empirical facts about the intersection of science and religion. He argued: "It is completely unrealistic to claim, as Gould and many others do, that religion keeps itself away from science's turf, restricting itself to morals and values. A universe with a supernatural presence would be a fundamentally and qualitatively different kind of universe from one without. The difference is, inescapably, a scientific difference. Religions make existence claims, and this means scientific claims."[64]

### Science and morality

[edit]

Main article: Science of morality

Harris considers that the well-being of conscious creatures forms the basis of morality. In The Moral Landscape, he argues that science can in principle answer moral questions and help maximize well-being.[71] Harris also criticizes cultural and moral relativism, arguing that it prevents people from making objective moral judgments about practices that clearly harm human well-being, such as female genital mutilation. Harris contends that we can make scientifically-based claims about the negative impacts of such practices on human welfare, and that withholding judgment in these cases is tantamount to claiming complete ignorance about what contributes to human well-being.[72]

### Politics

[edit]

In the context of international politics, the principles of New Atheism establish no particular stance in and of themselves.[73] P. Z. Myers stated that New Atheism's key proponents are "a madly disorganized mob, united only by [their] dislike of the god-thing".[74] That said, the demographic that supports New Atheism is a markedly homogeneous one; in America and the Anglo-sphere more generally, this cohort is "more likely to be younger, male and single, to have higher than average levels of income and education, to be less authoritarian, less dogmatic, less prejudiced, less conformist and more tolerant and open-minded on religious issues."[73] Because of this homogeneity among the group, there exists not a formal dynamic but a loose consensus on broad political "efforts, objectives, and strategies".[75]

For example, one of the primary aims is to further reduce the entanglement of church and state, which derives from the "belief that religion is antithetical to liberal values, such as freedom of expression and the separation of public from private life".[75][76][77] Additionally, new atheists have engaged in the campaign "to ensure legal and civic equality for atheists", in a world considerably unwelcoming to and distrustful of non-religious believers.[76][77][78] Hitchens may be the atheist concerned most with religion's incompatibility with contemporary liberal principles, and particularly its imposed limitation on both freedom of speech and freedom of expression.[76][79] Because New Atheism's proliferation is accredited partly to the 11 September attacks and the ubiquitous, visceral response, Richard Dawkins, among many in his cohort, believes that theism (in this case, Islam) jeopardizes political institutions and national security, and he warns of religion's potency in motivating "people to do terrible things" against international polities.[80]

## Criticisms

[edit]

See also: Criticism of atheism § New Atheism

According to Nature, "Critics of new atheism, as well as many new atheists themselves, contend that in philosophical terms it differs little from earlier historical forms of atheist thought."[81]

### General criticism and scientism

[edit]

Critics of the movement described it as ”militant atheism”, ”fundamentalist atheism”, and “secular fundamentalists”.[a][7][82][83][84][85][86] Theologians Jeffrey Robbins and Christopher Rodkey take issue with what they regard as "the evangelical nature of the New Atheism, which assumes that it has a Good News to share, at all cost, for the ultimate future of humanity by the conversion of as many people as possible", and believe they have found similarities between New Atheism and evangelical Christianity and conclude that the all-consuming nature of both "encourages endless conflict without progress" between both extremities.[87] Amarnath Amarasingam, an extremism researcher, argues that the New Atheists fall prey to cognitive biases such as the fundamental attribution error and the out-group homogeneity bias, among others. These biases pose a substantive problem for New Atheism’s claims to rationality and objectivity.[88] Political philosopher John Gray asserts that New Atheism, humanism, and scientism are extensions of religion, particularly Christianity.[89] Anthropologist and psychiatrist Simon Dein considers New Atheism to be a mirror image of religious fundamentalism, based on an analysis of characteristics identified by the Fundamentalism Project: reactivity, dualism, absolutism and inerrancy, and apocalypticism. In addition, he also notes a shared emphasis on evidentialism.[90] Sociologist William Stahl has said, "What is striking about the current debate is the frequency with which the New Atheists are portrayed as mirror images of religious fundamentalists."[91]

The atheist philosopher of science Michael Ruse states that Richard Dawkins would fail "introductory" courses on the study of "philosophy or religion" (such as courses on the philosophy of religion), courses which are offered, for example, at many educational institutions such as colleges and universities around the world.[8][92] Ruse also says that the movement of New Atheism—which is perceived by him to be "a bloody disaster"—makes him ashamed, as a professional philosopher of science, to be among those holding to an atheist position, particularly as New Atheism, as he sees it, does science a "grave disservice" and does a "disservice to scholarship" at a more general level.[8][92] Paul Kurtz, editor in chief of Free Inquiry, founder of Prometheus Books, was critical of many of the new atheists.[83] He said, "I consider them atheist fundamentalists... They're anti-religious, and they're mean-spirited, unfortunately. Now, there are very good atheists and very dedicated people who do not believe in God. But you have this aggressive and militant phase of atheism, and that does more damage than good."[84] Jonathan Sacks, author of The Great Partnership: Science, Religion, and the Search for Meaning, feels the new atheists miss the target by believing the "cure for bad religion is no religion, as opposed to good religion". He wrote:

> Atheism deserves better than the new atheists whose methodology consists of criticizing religion without understanding it, quoting texts without contexts, taking exceptions as the rule, confusing folk belief with reflective theology, abusing, mocking, ridiculing, caricaturing, and demonizing religious faith and holding it responsible for the great crimes against humanity. Religion has done harm; I acknowledge that. But the cure for bad religion is good religion, not no religion, just as the cure for bad science is good science, not the abandonment of science.[93]

The philosopher Massimo Pigliucci contends that the new atheist movement overlaps with scientism, which he finds to be philosophically unsound. He writes: "What I do object to is the tendency, found among many New Atheists, to expand the definition of science to pretty much encompassing anything that deals with 'facts', loosely conceived ... it seems clear to me that most of the New Atheists (except for the professional philosophers among them) pontificate about philosophy very likely without having read a single professional paper in that field ... I would actually go so far as to charge many of the leaders of the New Atheism movement (and, by implication, a good number of their followers) with anti-intellectualism, one mark of which is a lack of respect for the proper significance, value, and methods of another field of intellectual endeavor."[94]

In The Evolution of Atheism, Stephen LeDrew wrote that New Atheism is fundamentalist and scientist; in contrast to atheism's tradition of social justice, it is right-wing and serves to defend "the position of the white middle-class western male".[95][96][97] Atheist professor Jacques Berlinerblau has criticised the new atheists' mocking of religion as being inimical to their goals and claims that they have not achieved anything politically.[98] Roger Scruton has extensively criticized New Atheism on various occasions, generally on the grounds that they do not consider the social effects and impacts of religion in enough detail. He has said, "Look at the facts in the round and it seems likely that humans without a sense of the sacred would have died out long ago. For that same reason, the hope of the new atheists for a world without religion is probably as vain as the hope for a society without aggression or a world without death."[99] He has also complained of the new atheists' idea that they must "set people free from religion", calling it "naive" because they "never consider that they might be taking something away from people".[100]

Edward Feser has critiqued the new atheists' responses to arguments for the existence of God:[101]

> It can safely be said that if you haven't both understood Aquinas and answered him – not to mention Anselm, Duns Scotus, Leibniz, Samuel Clarke, and so on, but let that pass – then you have hardly "made your case" against religion. Yet Dawkins is the only "New Atheist" to offer anything even remotely like an attempt to answer him, feeble as it is.

— The Last Superstition (2008)

### Sexism

[edit]

There have been criticisms of such movements perpetuating patriarchal tendencies, hierarchies and also exhibiting sexism, despite internal claims of gender equality, and this has contributed to female atheists feeling shut out, trivialized, and silenced.[102][9] The New Atheist movement has been accused of sexism after the Elevatorgate.[103][104] In 2014, Sam Harris said that New Atheism was "to some degree intrinsically male".[104]

### Islamophobia

[edit]

Some commentators have accused the New Atheist movement of Islamophobia.[105][106][107][108] Wade Jacoby and Hakan Yavuz assert that "a group of 'new atheists' such as Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens" have "invoked Samuel Huntington's 'clash of civilizations' theory to explain the current political contestation" and that this forms part of a trend toward "Islamophobia ... in the study of Muslim societies".[107] William W. Emilson argues that "the 'new' in the new atheists' writings is not their aggressiveness, nor their extraordinary popularity, nor even their scientific approach to religion, rather it is their attack not only on militant Islamism but also on Islam itself under the cloak of its general critique of religion."[108]

### Far-right politics

[edit]

In 2019, Steven Poole of The Guardian claimed: "For some, New Atheism was never about God at all, but just a topical subgenre of the rightwing backlash against the supposedly suffocating atmosphere of 'political correctness'."[109] In an April 2021 interview, Natalie Wynn, a left-wing YouTuber who runs the channel ContraPoints, commented: "The alt-right, the manosphere, incels, even the so-called SJW Internet and LeftTube all have a genetic ancestor in New Atheism."[110] In a June 2021 retrospective article, Émile P. Torres of Salon argued that prominent figures in the New Atheist movement had aligned themselves with the far-right.[111]

## Reception and legacy

[edit]

Tom Flynn (1955–2021), editor of Free Inquiry, wrote that the only "new" thing about New Atheism was the wider publication of atheist material by big-name publishers, books that appeared on bestseller lists and were read by millions.[112] In November 2015, The New Republic published an article entitled "Is the New Atheism dead?"[113] In 2016, the atheist and evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson (b. 1949) wrote: "The world appears to be tiring of the New Atheism movement."[114] In 2017, PZ Myers, who formerly considered himself a new atheist, publicly renounced the New Atheism movement.[115]

In a June 2022 retrospective article, Sebastian Milbank of The Critic stated that, as a movement, "New Atheism has fractured and lost its original spirit", that "much of what New Atheism embodied has now migrated rightwards", and that "another portion has moved leftwards, embodied by the 'I Fucking Love Science' woke nerd of today."[116] Following the conversion of writer Ayaan Hirsi Ali to Christianity in 2023, the columnist Sarah Jones wrote in New York magazine that the New Atheism movement was in "terminal decline".[44]

## See also

[edit]

* A Brief History of Disbelief – 3-part PBS series (2007)
* Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and Its Fashionable Enemies
* Antireligion
* Atheist feminism
* Brights movement
* Conflict thesis
* Critical thinking
* Criticism of religion

* Freedom From Religion Foundation
* Freethought
* History of atheism
* Metaphysical naturalism
* Materialism
* Parody religion
* Public awareness of science
* Relationship between religion and science
* Secular movement

|

## References

[edit]

Informational notes

1. ^ The term is sometimes used benignly, for example by atheists such as Frans de Waal.[7]

Citations

1. ^ Lee, Lois; Bullivant, Stephen (17 November 2016). A Dictionary of Atheism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-252013-5.
2. ^ Wolf, Gary (1 November 2006). "The Church of the Non-Believers". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
3. ^ a b c d Taylor, James E. "The New Atheists". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2025. "The New Atheists are authors of early twenty-first century books promoting atheism. These authors include Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens. The 'New Atheist' label for these critics of religion and religious belief emerged out of journalistic commentary on the contents and impacts of their books."
4. ^ Hooper, Simon (9 November 2006). "The rise of the New Atheists". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
5. ^ a b c Finley, Wayne (2019). "The Four Horsemen of New Atheism: A Select Bibliography". Journal of Religious & Theological Information. 18 (4): 115–125\. doi:10.1080/10477845.2019.1660464. ISSN 1528-6924.
6. ^ Amarasingam, Amarnath (2010). Religion and the New Atheism: A Critical Appraisal. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004185579.
7. ^ a b c De Waal, Frans (25 March 2013). "Has militant atheism become a religion?". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017. "Why are the 'neo-atheists' of today so obsessed with God's nonexistence that they go on media rampages, wear T-shirts proclaiming their absence of belief, or call for a militant atheism? What does atheism have to offer that's worth fighting for? As one philosopher put it, being a militant atheist is like 'sleeping furiously.'"
8. ^ a b c Dougherty, T.; Gage, L. P. (2015). "New Atheist Approaches to Religion". In Oppy, Graham (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 51–62\. ISBN 978-1-84465-831-2. pp. 52–53: "Michael Ruse (2009) said that Dawkins would fail 'any philosophy or religion course'; and for this reason Ruse says The God Delusion made him 'ashamed to be an atheist'"L.+P.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Atheism" class="Z3988">
9. ^ a b Guenther, Katja M. (January 2019). "Secular sexism: The persistence of gender inequality in the US New Atheist Movement". Women's Studies International Forum. 72: 47–55\. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.11.007.
10. ^ Nall, Jeff (August 2008). "Fundamentalist Atheism and its Intellectual Failures". Humanity & Society. 32 (3): 263–280\. doi:10.1177/016059760803200304. S2CID 143797722.
11. ^ a b Khalil, Mohammad Hassan (2017). "Part III - The New Atheism". Jihad, Radicalism, and the New Atheism. Cambridge University Press. p. 95\. doi:10.1017/9781108377263.009. ISBN 978-1-108-38512-1.
12. ^ a b Restivo, Sal P. (2023). "Prologue: New Atheists and Theists on Stage". Beyond New Atheism and Theism: A Sociology of Science, Secularism, and Religiosity (1st ed.). London: Routledge. pp. xi–xii. doi:10.4324/9781003396857. ISBN 978-1-032-50093-5. "Ayaan Hirsi Ali (1969–), sometimes referred to as the fifth 'Horseman,' is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist, feminist, and former politician"
13. ^ Borer, Michael Ian (2010). "The New Atheism And The Secularization Thesis". In Amarasingam, Amarnath (ed.). Religion and the New Atheism. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 125\. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004185579.i-253.47. ISBN 978-90-04-19053-5. "The typically belligerent, impassioned, and overly hostile tropes of the New Atheism's Four Horsemen—Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens—show that religion has retained an extraordinary amount of power in the modern world."
14. ^ a b c Klug, Petra (2022). Anti-Atheist Nation: Religion and Secularism in the United States. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 106\. doi:10.4324/9781003307594. ISBN 978-1-000-80442-3. "In reference to the Book of Revelation, the most popular representatives of this 'New Atheism'—Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens—are often called the 'four horsemen.' According to Dawkins, however, they had also invited a 'horsewoman' to the table: The Somali-born writer, filmmaker, and well-known critic of Islam, Ayaan Hirsi Ali [...]"
15. ^ Zenk, Thomas (2013). "New Atheism". In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. OUP Oxford. p. 254\. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199644650.013.034. ISBN 978-0-19-964465-0.
16. ^ a b Blumner, Robyn (4 December 2020). "Give the Four Horsemen (and Ayaan) Their Due. They Changed America". Free Inquiry. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
17. ^ Finger, Anja (2017). "Four Horsemen (and a Horsewoman): What Gender Is New Atheism?". In Cotter, C.; Quadrio, P.; Tuckett, J. (eds.). New Atheism: Critical Perspectives and Contemporary Debates. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 159\. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54964-4_9. ISBN 978-3-319-54964-4. "The year following [Hitchens'] death the original conversation was revisited at the Global Atheist Convention in Melbourne [...]. Present were the three remaining 'horsemen'—and Ayaan Hirsi Ali, the Somali-Dutch now American author, one-time politician and researcher, whose autobiographical debut, published in English as Infidel [...] tells her journey through different parts of the world and away from Islam."
18. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (15 August 2007). "God Bless Me, It's a Best-Seller!". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016. "...in the last two years there have been five atheist best-sellers, one each from Professors Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett and two from the neuroscientist Sam Harris."
19. ^ a b Hitchens, Christopher (2019). The Four Horsemen: The Conversation That Sparked an Atheist Revolution. New York: Random House. p. 1\. ISBN 978-0-525-51195-3.
20. ^ Harris, Sam (11 August 2004). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-7432-6809-7.
21. ^ Steinfels, Peter (3 March 2007). "Books on Atheism Are Raising Hackles in Unlikely Places". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
22. ^ Harris, Sam (2012). Free Will. The Free Press. p. 96\. ISBN 978-1-4516-8340-0. ASIN 1451683405 .
23. ^ Harris, Sam (2013). Lying. Four Elephants Press. p. 108\. ISBN 978-1-940051-00-0. ASIN 1940051002 .
24. ^ "The God Delusion One-Year Countdown". RichardDawkins.net. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
25. ^ Dawkins, Richard (2016). "New introduction to the 10th anniversary edition". The God Delusion (10th anniversary ed.). London: Black Swan. p. I15. ISBN 978-1-78416-193-4.
26. ^ "The Four Horsemen DVD". Richard Dawkins Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2016. "On the 30th of September 2007, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens sat down for a first-of-its-kind, unmoderated 2-hour discussion, convened by RDFRS and filmed by Josh Timonen."
27. ^ Hoffman, Claire (2 September 2014). "Sam Harris is Still Railing Against Religion". Los Angeles Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2016. "As Western society grappled with radical Islam, Harris distinguished himself with his argument that modern religious tolerance had placated us into allowing delusion rather than reason to prevail. Harris upended a discussion that had long been dominated by cultural relativism and a hands-off academic intellectualism; his seething contempt for the world's faiths helped launch the 'New Atheist' movement, and together with Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, and Daniel Dennett, he became known as one of the 'Four Horsemen of the Non-Apocalypse.'"
28. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (2007). God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (First trade ed.). Atlantic Books. p. 320\. ISBN 978-1-843-54574-3.
29. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (2010). Hitch22. Atlantic Books. p. 448\. ISBN 978-1-843-54922-2. ASIN 1843549220 .
30. ^ "Christopher Hitchens dies at 62 after suffering cancer". BBC News. 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
31. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (2011). Arguably. Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-0-85789-258-4. ASIN 0857892584 .
32. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (2012). Mortality. Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-84887-921-8. ASIN 1848879210 .
33. ^ Hitchens, Christopher. "Is there an afterlife?". YouTube.[dead YouTube link]
34. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (12 December 2010). "Hitchens and Paxman interview". YouTube. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021.
35. ^ Dennett, Daniel (1996). Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Penguin Adult. p. 592\. ISBN 978-0-14-016734-4. ASIN 014016734X .
36. ^ Dennett, Daniel (2007). Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon. Penguin. p. 464\. ISBN 978-0-14-101777-8.
37. ^ Dennett, Daniel. "Clergy Project". Archived from the original on 22 January 2013.
38. ^ "Clergy Project Home Page". 4 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
39. ^ "Daniel Dennett". Secular.org. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
40. ^ Dennett, Daniel C.; LaScola, Linda (2010). "Preachers Who are Not Believers" (PDF). Evolutionary Psychology. 8 (1): 122–150\. doi:10.1177/147470491000800113. ISSN 1474-7049. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2015 – via Tufts University Center for Cognitive Studies.
41. ^ Podcast: interview with Daniel Dennett. Further developments of the research: pastors, priests, and an Imam who are closet atheists. Archived 14 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
42. ^ "Caught in the Pulpit: Leaving Belief Behind". TheHumanist.com. 22 April 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
43. ^ "The Four Horsemen: The Conversation That Sparked an Atheist Revolution". Publishers Weekly. 19 March 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
44. ^ a b Jones, Sarah (29 November 2023). "The Infidel Turned Christian". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2023. "After publicly disavowing Islam, [Hirsi Ali] became a face of New Atheism and was elected to the Dutch parliament in 2003."
45. ^ Ahuja, Anjana (22 March 2019). "The Four Horsemen — polemics from the high priests of New Atheism". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
46. ^ Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris & Ayaan Hirsi Ali on YouTube
47. ^ Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (2008). The Caged Virgin. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-8834-7. ASIN 0743288343 .
48. ^ Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (6 February 2012). "Christians in the Muslim world". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
49. ^ Wainwright, Jon (2010). "The Not So New Atheists?". Philosophy Now. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
50. ^ Schulson, Michael (2 November 2013). "Atheist Philosopher Peter Boghossian's Guide to Converting Believers". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
51. ^ Borninski, Ned (30 June 2015). "In Defense of New Atheism". Center for Inquiry. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
52. ^ Berezow, Alex (21 October 2013). "Jerry Coyne's Twisted History of Science and Religion". Forbes. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
53. ^ a b Pigliucci, Massimo (2013). New Atheism and the Scientistic Turn in the Atheism Movement Archived 20 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Midwest Studies In Philosophy, Vol. 37 (1): pp. 142-153.
54. ^ Kehe, Marjorie (10 February 2011). "Interview with Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of "36 Arguments for the Existence of God". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
55. ^ Dalrymple, Theodore (2007). "What the New Atheists Don't See". City Journal. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
56. ^ "...sagte Michael Schmidt-Salomon, Vorstand der Giordano-Bruno-Stiftung und damit so etwas wie Deutschlands Chef-Atheist." ("...said Michael Schmidt-Salomon, [who is] chairman of the Giordano Bruno Foundation, and therefore something of a 'chief atheist' for Germany.") Chef-Atheist im Chat: "Gynäkologen, die an die Jungfrauengeburt glauben", Spiegel Online, 29 May 2007 (Accessed 6 April 2008)
57. ^ Rogan, Joe (15 March 2017). "Joe Rogan and T.J. Kirk on Milo Yiannopoulos". The Joe Rogan Experience. Retrieved 17 March 2017 – via YouTube.
58. ^ Johnstone-Louis, Mary (2013). "No Gods. No Masters?: The 'New Atheist' Movement and the Commercialization of Unbelief". In Rinallo, Diego; Scott, Linda M.; Maclaran, Pauline (eds.). Consumption and Spirituality. New York: Routledge. p. 57\. doi:10.4324/9780203106235. ISBN 978-0-415-88911-7.
59. ^ Stenger, Victor J. (4 December 2009). The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61592-344-1.
60. ^ Catto, Rebecca; Eccles, Jane (14 April 2011). "Beyond Grayling, Dawkins and Hitchens, a new kind of British atheism". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
61. ^ "@loftusjohnw on Twitter: Why Did Randal Rauser Recommend "God and Horrendous Suffering"? Despite his high recommendation of my book Rauser is on a mission to discredit it, pejoratively calling me a "New Atheist" and a "Fundamentalist". Inquiring Minds Want to Know Why!". Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
62. ^ Dawkins, Richard (2008). The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
63. ^ Stenger, 2008
64. ^ a b c d e Dawkins, Richard (1998). "When Religion Steps on Science's Turf: The Alleged Separation Between the Two Is Not So Tidy". Free Inquiry. Vol. 18, no. 2 Spring. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
65. ^ Fishman, Yonatan I. (June 2009). "Can Science Test Supernatural Worldviews?" (PDF). Science & Education. 18 (6–7): 813–837\. Bibcode:2009Sc&Ed..18..813F. doi:10.1007/s11191-007-9108-4. S2CID 20246250. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.6–7&rft.pages=813-837&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20246250#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11191-007-9108-4&rft_id=info:bibcode/2009Sc&Ed..18..813F;&rft.aulast=Fishman&rft.aufirst=Yonatan+I.&rft_id=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11191-007-9108-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Atheism" class="Z3988">
66. ^ Stenger, Victor J. (12 February 2006). "Darwin Day Celebration: An International Celebration of Science and Humanity − "Supernatural Science"". Mukto-Mona. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
67. ^ Stenger, Victor J. (2009). The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 70\. ISBN 978-1-59102-751-5.
68. ^ Stenger, Victor J. (2007). God: The Failed Hypothesis. How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist (with new foreword by Christopher Hitchens ed.). Amherst (New York): Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-652-5.
69. ^ Martin, Michael; Monnier, Ricki (2003). The Impossibility of God. Prometheus Books.
70. ^ Drange, Theodore M. (1998). "Incompatible-Properties Arguments: A Survey". Philo (2): 49–60\. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022 – via The Secular Web.
71. ^ Harris, Sam (2012). The Moral Landscape. Black Swan. ISBN 978-0-552-77638-7. ASIN 0552776386 .
72. ^ Harris, Sam. "How Science can Determine Moral Values". Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
73. ^ a b Kettell, Steven (21 November 2013). "Faithless: The politics of new atheism". Secularism and Nonreligion. 2: 61. doi:10.5334/snr.al.
74. ^ Meyers [sic], Paul Z. [Pharyngula] (11 June 2011). "Atheism ≠ fascism". ScienceBlogs. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
75. ^ a b Kettell, Steven (18 June 2014). "New Atheism: The Politics of Unbelief". E-International Relations. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
76. ^ a b c Schulzke, Marcus (December 2013). "The Politics of New Atheism". Politics and Religion. 6 (4): 778–799\. doi:10.1017/S1755048313000217. S2CID 197670821. ProQuest 2210982282.
77. ^ a b Kettell, Steven (December 2016). "What's really new about New Atheism?". Palgrave Communications. 2 (1): 16099. doi:10.1057/palcomms.2016.99.
78. ^ Edgell, Penny; Gerteis, Joseph; Hartmann, Douglas (April 2006). "Atheists As 'Other': Moral Boundaries and Cultural Membership in American Society". American Sociological Review. 71 (2): 211–234\. doi:10.1177/000312240607100203. S2CID 143818177.
79. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (December 2011). "Why Even Hate Speech Needs to Be Protected". Reader's Digest. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
80. ^ "Richard Dawkins On Terrorism And Religion". NPR.org. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
81. ^ Kettell, Steven (December 2016). "What's really new about New Atheism?". Palgrave Communications. 2 (1). doi:10.1057/palcomms.2016.99.
82. ^ Bullivant, Stephen; Lee, Lois (2016). "Militant atheism". Oxford Reference. 1. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191816819.001.0001.
83. ^ a b Kurtz, Paul (February 2007). "Religion in Conflict: Are 'Evangelical Atheists' Too Outspoken?". Free Inquiry. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
84. ^ a b Hagerty, Barbara Bradley (19 October 2009). "A Bitter Rift Divides Atheists". NPR. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
85. ^ McAnulla, Stuart (2011). "Secular fundamentalists? Characterising the new atheist approach to secularism, religion and politics". British Politics. 9 (2). Palgrave Macmillan: 124–145\. doi:10.1057/bp.2013.27.
86. ^ LeDrew, Stephen (2018). "Scientism and Utopia: New Atheism as a Fundamentalist Reaction to Relativism". Relativism and Post-Truth in Contemporary Society. Springer. pp. 143–155\. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96559-8_9. ISBN 978-3-319-96558-1.
87. ^ Jeffrey Robbins; Christopher Rodkey (2010). "Beating 'God' to Death: Radical Theology and the New Atheism". In Amarnath Amarasingam (ed.). Religion and the New Atheism A Critical Appraisal. Haymarket Books. p. 35\. ISBN 978-1-60846-203-2.
88. ^ Amarasingam, Amarnath (September 2010). "To Err in their Ways: The Attribution Biases of the New Atheists". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 39 (4): 573–588\. doi:10.1177/0008429810377404. S2CID 145806228.
89. ^ Gray, John (2019). Seven types of atheism. Picador. ISBN 978-1-250-23478-0. OCLC 1137728757.
90. ^ Dein, Simon (December 2016). "The New Atheism and Religious Fundamentalism: Are They a Mirror Image of Each Other". Science, Religion and Culture. 3 (2): 86–95\. doi:10.17582/journal.src/2016.3.2.86.95.
91. ^ Stahl, William (2010). "One-Dimensional Rage: The Social Epistemology of the New Atheism and Fundamentalism". In Amarnath Amarasingam (ed.). Religion and the New Atheism A Critical Appraisal. Haymarket Books. pp. 97–108\. ISBN 978-1-60846-203-2.
92. ^ a b Ruse, Michael (August 2009). "Why I Think the New Atheists are a Bloody Disaster". Beliefnet. The BioLogos Foundation as a columnist of Beliefnet. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2015. "... I believe the new atheists do the side of science a grave disservice ... these people do a disservice to scholarship ... Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion would fail any introductory philosophy or religion course. Proudly he criticizes that whereof he knows nothing ... the poor quality of the argumentation in Dawkins, Dennett, Hitchens, and all of the others in that group ..." [...] "the new atheists are doing terrible political damage to the cause of Creationism fighting. Americans are religious people ... They want to be science-friendly, although it is certainly true that many have been seduced by the Creationists. We evolutionists have got to speak to these people. We have got to show them that Darwinism is their friend not their enemy. We have got to get them onside when it comes to science in the classroom. And criticizing good men like Francis Collins, accusing them of fanaticism, is just not going to do the job. Nor is criticizing everyone, like me, who wants to build a bridge to believers – not accepting the beliefs, but willing to respect someone who does have them." [...] "The God Delusion makes me ashamed to be an atheist. ... They are a bloody disaster and I want to be on the front line of those who say so."
93. ^ Sacks, Jonathan (2011). The Great Partnership: Science, Religion, and the Search for Meaning. New York: Schocken. p. 11\. ISBN 978-0-805-24301-7.
94. ^ Pigliucci, Massimo (2013). New Atheism and the Scientistic Turn in the Atheism Movement. Midwest Studies in Philosophy. pp. 151–152.
95. ^ "The Evolution of Atheism (Review)". Publishers Weekly. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
96. ^ Sullivan, Marek (2016). "Review of The Evolution of Atheism". Secularism and Nonreligion. 5 (1): 5. doi:10.5334/snr.73.
97. ^ Flynn, Tom (2016). "The Evolution of Atheism (Review)". Free Inquiry. 36 (3). Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
98. ^ Winston, Kimberly (17 September 2012). "Professor Jacques Berlinerblau tells atheists: Stop whining!". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
99. ^ Scruton, Roger (31 May 2014). "Humans hunger for the sacred. Why can't the new atheists understand that?". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
100. ^ "Roger Scruton on New Atheism and Religion". Archived from the original on 20 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
101. ^ Feser, Edward; Bowman, Karlyn (26 March 2010). "The New Philistinism". American Enterprise Institute - AEI. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
102. ^ Miller, Ashley F. (2013). "The Non-Religious Patriarchy: Why Losing Religion Has Not Meant Losing White Male Dominance". CrossCurrents. 63 (2): 211–226\. ISSN 0011-1953.
103. ^ Winston, Kimberly (6 September 2018). "Leading atheist, accused of sexual misconduct, speaks out". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
104. ^ a b Bianco, Marcie (12 February 2016). "Brazen sexism is pushing women out of America's atheism movement". Quartz. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
105. ^ Taylor, Jerome (13 April 2013). "Atheists Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens and Sam Harris face Islamophobia backlash". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
106. ^ FP Staff "Unholy war: Atheists and the politics of Muslim-baiting Archived 8 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine". First Post. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
107. ^ a b Jacoby, Wade; Yavuz, Hakan (April 2008). "Modernization, Identity and Integration: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Islam in Europe". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 28 (1): 1. doi:10.1080/13602000802080486. S2CID 144021468.
108. ^ a b Emilsen, William (August 2012). "The New Atheism and Islam". The Expository Times. 123 (11): 521–528\. doi:10.1177/0014524612448737. S2CID 171036043.
109. ^ Poole, Steven (31 January 2019). "The Four Horsemen review - whatever happened to 'New Atheism'?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
110. ^ Maughan, Philip (14 April 2021). "The World According to ContraPoints". Highsnobiety. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
111. ^ Torres, Émile P. (5 June 2021). "Godless grifters: How the New Atheists merged with the far right". Salon. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
112. ^ Flynn, Tom (April–May 2010). "Why I Don't Believe in the New Atheism". Free Inquiry. 30 (3): 7–43\. ISSN 0272-0701. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
113. ^ Bruenig, Elizabeth (6 November 2015). "Is the New Atheism dead?". The New Republic. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
114. ^ Sloan Wilson, David (1 February 2016). "The New Atheism as a Stealth Religion: Five Years Later". This View Of Life. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
115. ^ Myers, PZ (31 July 2017). "The New Atheism is dead. Long live atheism". Pharyngula. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
116. ^ Milbank, Sebastian (15 June 2022). "The strange afterlife of New Atheism". The Critic. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* "Richard Dawkins, "Militant atheism"", TED talk, 2002

* v
* t
* e

New Atheism

Key people|

* Dan Barker
* Peter Boghossian
* Greta Christina
* Jerry Coyne
* Richard Dawkins
* Daniel Dennett
* Rebecca Goldstein
* Sam Harris
* Christopher Hitchens
* TJ Kirk
* Michel Onfray
* Victor J. Stenger
* Michael Schmidt-Salomon
* Rebecca Watson

Former New Atheists|

* Ayaan Hirsi Ali
* PZ Myers

Major works|

* The End of Faith (2004)
* Atheist Manifesto (2005)
* Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism (2005)
* Breaking the Spell (2006)
* The God Delusion (2006)
* Letter to a Christian Nation (2006)
* The Root of All Evil? (2006)
* God Is Not Great (2007)
* God: The Failed Hypothesis (2007)
* The Portable Atheist (2007)
* Godless (2008)

Institutions|

* The Clergy Project
* Pitchstone Publishing
* Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science

Opposition|

* "Go God Go" (2006)
* Darwin's Angel (2007)
* The Dawkins Delusion? (2007)
* The Irrational Atheist (2008)
* Atheist Delusions (2009)
* The Case for God (2009)
* Unscientific America (2009)
* The Rage Against God (2010)
* The Evolution of Atheism (2015)

Related|

* Blasphemy Day
* Ex-Muslims
* Flying Spaghetti Monster
* Out Campaign
* RationalWiki
* Reason Rally
* Regressive left

* v
* t
* e

Irreligion

Irreligion|

* Antireligion
* Anti-clericalism
* Criticism of religion
* Freethought
* Organized secularism
* Secular humanism
* Secular liberalism
* Secular state
* Secularism
* Secularity
* Secularization
* Separation of church and state

Atheism|

* Demographics
* Religion
* History
* State
* New
* Criticism
* Discrimination/Persecution
* Implicit and explicit
* Negative and positive
* Existence of God
* Antitheism

Agnosticism|

* Strong
* Weak
* Agnostic atheism
* Apatheism

People|

* Atheists
* Agnostics
* Humanists

Books|

* The Age of Reason
* Breaking the Spell
* The Demon-Haunted World
* The End of Faith
* The God Delusion
* God Is Not Great
* Letter to a Christian Nation
* The System of Nature
* Why I Am Not a Christian
* Why I Am Not a Muslim
* Why I Am an Atheist

Organizations|

* American Atheists
* American Humanist Association
* Atheist Alliance International
* Center for Inquiry
* Freedom From Religion Foundation
* Humanists International
* Humanists UK
* Rational Response Squad
* Recovering from Religion
* Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics

Related topics|

* Countries by irreligion
* Disestablishmentarianism
* Secular ethics

* v
* t
* e

God

* Deity
* Divinity
* Goddess
* List
* Conceptions of God
* Existence
* Gender of God
* Agnostic theism
* Animism
* Antitheism
* Apatheism
* Atheism
* Agnostic atheism
* Christian atheism
* Implicit and explicit atheism
* Jewish atheism
* Negative and positive atheism
* New Atheism
* Theological noncognitivism
* Binitarianism
* Classical theism
* Deism
* Ceremonial deism
* Christian deism
* Pandeism
* Polydeism
* Dipolar theism
* Dystheism
* Egotheism
* Misotheism
* Henotheism
* Ietsism
* Kathenotheism
* Liberal theism
* Monolatry
* Monotheism
* Ethical monotheism
* Post-monotheism
* Mysticism
* Nontheism
* Post-theism
* Nontrinitarianism
* Open theism
* Panentheism
* Pantheism
* Classical pantheism
* Hylotheism
* Naturalistic pantheism
* Philosophical theism
* Physitheism
* Euhemerism
* Polytheism
* Skeptical theism
* Spiritualism
* Theism
* Theistic finitism
* Transtheism
* Trinitarianism
* Tritheism
* Unitarianism

Religion portal

* v
* t
* e

Criticism of religion

By religion|

* Baháˈí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Catholic
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Latter Day Saint movement
* Protestantism
* Seventh-day Adventist
* Unification movement
* Unification Church in Japan
* Westboro Baptist Church
* Hinduism
* Swaminarayan sect
* Islam
* Islamism
* Twelver Shia Islam
* Wahhabism
* Jainism
* Judaism
* Monotheism
* New religious movement
* Neopaganism
* Scientology
* Sikhism
* Yazdânism
* Zoroastrianism

Religious texts|

* Bible
* Quran
* Hadith
* Mormon sacred texts
* Book of Mormon
* Talmud

Religious figures|

* Aisha
* Charles Taze Russell
* Ellen White
* Jesus
* Moses
* Muhammad
* Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
* Saul

Religious discrimination|

* Ahmadiyya
* Atheism
* Bahá'i Faith
* Buddhism
* Catholicism
* Catholic Church
* Christianity
* post–Cold War era
* Druze
* Falun Gong
* Hinduism
* Persecution
* Islam
* Persecution
* Jehovah's Witness
* Judaism
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Judaism
* Persecution
* Mormonism
* Neopaganism
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Oriental Orthodoxy
* Copts
* Protestantism
* Rastafari
* Sikhism
* Sunni Islam
* Shia Islam
* Sufism
* Zorostianism

Religious violence|

* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Mormonism
* Judaism
* Islam
* Terrorism
* Christian
* Hindu
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Persecution
* Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
* War
* In Islam
* In Judaism
* Sectarian violence
* By country
* India
* Anti-Christian violence
* In Odisha
* Nigeria
* Pakistan

Books|

* Atheist Manifesto
* Breaking the Spell
* Christianity Unveiled
* God in the Age of Science?
* God Is Not Great
* God: The Failed Hypothesis
* Letter to a Christian Nation
* The Age of Reason
* The Blind Watchmaker
* The Caged Virgin
* The End of Faith
* The God Delusion
* The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster
* Why I Am Not a Christian
* Why I Am Not a Muslim
* The Demon-Haunted World

* Books critical of Christianity
* Books critical of Islam
* Books critical of Judaism
* Books critical of Mormonism
* Books critical of Scientology

Movements|

* Agnosticism
* Antitheism
* Atheism

* Criticism

* Cārvāka
* New Atheism
* Nontheistic religions
* Parody religion

Related topics|

* Abuse
* Apostasy
* In Islam
* In Christianity
* Criticism of atheism
* Criticism of monotheism
* Sexuality
* Slavery
* Superstitions
* Muslim
* Jewish

Portals:

* Religion
* Philosophy
* Science
* Society

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template