New York University Grossman School of Medicine

Medical school of New York University

NYU Grossman School of Medicine

Type| Private medical school
Established| 1841; 183 years ago (1841)

Parent institution

| New York University
Dean| Robert I. Grossman
Location|

New York City

New York

U.S.

40°44′31″N 73°58′28″W﻿ / ﻿40.74205°N 73.97444°W﻿ / 40.74205; -73.97444
Campus| Urban
Colors| Violet and white
Website| med.nyu.edu

NYU Grossman School of Medicine is a medical school of New York University (NYU) , a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1841 and is one of two medical schools of the university, the other being the NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine.[1][2] Both are part of NYU Langone Health.

## History

[edit]

NYU Grossman School of Medicine was founded in 1841 as the Medical College of New York University,[3] with an inaugural class of 239 students.[4] Among the college's six original faculty members were renowned surgeon Valentine Mott and John Revere, son of patriot Paul Revere.[5] In 1898, the Medical College of New York University consolidated with Bellevue Hospital Medical College, forming the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York University.[6]

In 1935, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College was renamed New York University College of Medicine.[6] In 1960, New York University College of Medicine was renamed New York University School of Medicine.[6]

The faculty and alumni of NYU Grossman School of Medicine have contributed to the control of tuberculosis, diphtheria, yellow fever, and sexually transmitted infections, as well as the development of vaccines for measles, rubella, hepatitis B, polio, and cancer; advances in the treatment and prevention of stroke and heart disease; and the introduction of minimally invasive surgical techniques.[7][8][9][10][11] In the early 1980s, clinicians and researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine working at NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue were among the first to identify an alarming increase in Kaposi's sarcoma, opportunistic infections, and immune system failure among young gay men, and alert health authorities to an imminent health catastrophe, soon to be known as HIV/AIDS.[12]

NYU Grossman School of Medicine counts among its faculty and alumni four Nobel laureates:

* Otto Loewi (awarded 1936) who determined that the primary language of nerve cell communication is chemical rather than electrical[13]
* Severo Ochoa (awarded 1959) who conducted landmark studies in biochemical genetics and nucleic acids[14]
* Baruj Benacerraf (awarded 1980) who performed groundbreaking research on genetic regulation of the immune system[15]
* Eric Kandel (awarded 2000) who discovered molecular processes that underlie learning and memory[16]

In 2007, Robert I. Grossman, an internationally recognized distinguished neuroradiologist who had served as chair of NYU Langone Health’s Department of Radiology since 2001, was appointed the 15th Dean of NYU School of Medicine and CEO of NYU Medical Center, as they were then named.[17]

In 2010, the school introduced the Curriculum for the 21st Century, or C21,a new curriculum that affords students earlier and more frequent interaction with patients and new learning pathways with more opportunities for specialized training in areas best suited to their interests.[18]

In 2013, the school established an accelerated three-year M.D. pathway for select medical students to ease the financial burden of medical school and launch medical careers one year earlier than traditional students.[19] The school became the first nationally ranked medical school in the U.S. to enable medical students to graduate in three years, providing a directed pathway into any one of twenty residency programs and accelerated entry into a variety of medical specialties.[20][21]

In 2018, the school implemented full-tuition scholarships for all current and future students in its M.D. degree program, making NYU Grossman School of Medicine the first top-ranked medical school in the nation to provide full-tuition scholarships to all of its students.[17]

### NYU Long Island Medicine

[edit]

Main article: NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island

In 2019, NYU Langone Health partnered with NYU to form NYU Long Island School of Medicine, a new, three-year medical school located at NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island.[22]

In 2019, the school was renamed NYU Grossman School of Medicine in honor of the educational achievements of Robert I. Grossman, the school's dean.[17]

## Academics

[edit]

NYU Grossman School of Medicine has 29 academic departments in the clinical and basic sciences.[23]

In 2010, NYU Grossman School of Medicine implemented a curriculum consisting of 18 months of basic science and two and a half years of clinical training. Students take the USMLE Step 1 exam after the clerkship year (with the exception of MD/PhD students, who take it before starting their PhD work). The curriculum also includes NYU3T (a joint program with the New York University College of Nursing) and PLACE (Patient-Based Longitudinal Ambulatory Care Experience).

NYU Grossman School of Medicine also offers 5-year joint degree programs, some of which can be optionally completed in 4 years:[24]

* MD/MPA in Health Policy and Management (with the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service)
* MD/MPH in Global Health
* MD/MS in Biomedical Informatics
* MD/MS in Translational Research
* MD/MBA in General Management (with the New York University Stern School of Business)
* MD/MA in Bioethics

For scientists and physician–scientists, the School of Medicine offers PhD, MD/PhD, and postdoctoral programs at Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at NYU Langone Health.

### Milestones

[edit]

Smilow Research building

* 1841: New York University Medical College opens with an inaugural class of 239 students.[4]
* 1846: New York Academy of Medicine is founded by New York University Medical College faculty members Lewis Sayre, Gunning S. Bedford, and others[25]
* 1854: Human dissection is legalized in New York State to make more cadavers available for medical study, due to lobbying efforts by John W. Draper, a cofounder of New York University Medical College and president of the medical faculty[26][27]
* 1865: Stephen Smith, a public health advocate directs fellow faculty members of New York University Medical College to conduct the most comprehensive health survey of an American city ever undertaken, leading to the establishment of New York City’s Metropolitan Board of Health, the first such public health agency in the U.S.[28]
* 1898: New York University Medical College and Bellevue Hospital Medical College consolidate as University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York University[6]
* 1904: U.S. Army Colonel William C. Gorgas, an 1879 alumnus of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, is appointed chief sanitary officer for the Panama Canal project, for which he implements measures that eradicate yellow fever and contain malaria, permitting construction to be completed[29]
* 1907: Sara Josephine Baker, a faculty member of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, leads efforts as New York City’s assistant commissioner of health to track down and quarantine “Typhoid Mary” Mallon, a domestic cook who, as an asymptomatic carrier of the disease, is the source of a deadly outbreak[30]
* 1923: University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College graduates its first female medical students: Grace S. Goldberg, Ella M. Hediger, Helen Druhan O'Brien, Marion Robertson, Edith C. Rosenthal, and Anna Topper[31]
* 1932: Department of Forensic Medicine, the first academic department of its kind in the U.S. is established at University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. with Charles Norris, New York City's Chief Medical Examiner, as its chair[6][32]
* 1935: University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College is renamed New York University College of Medicine[6]
* 1945: "The Mission of a Medical School," a long-range plan for medical education, scientific research and patient care at New York University College of Medicine, is authored by faculty members Donal Sheehan, professor of anatomy and later dean, and Howard C. Taylor, Jr., professor of obstetrics and gynecology [33][34]
* 1947: A site for a new Medical Center, consisting of the NYU School of Medicine, the Post-Graduate Medical School, University (now Tisch) Hospital, and the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, is selected. The Institute of Industrial Medicine is established.
* 1948: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the first comprehensive medical training program of its kind, is established at New York University College of Medicine. Its chair, Howard A. Rusk, draws on his experience treating wounded soldiers during World War II to develop a philosophy of caring for the patient as a whole person[35]
* 1951: Department of Neurosurgery is established at New York University College of Medicine[36]
* 1951: Homer W. Smith, Sc.D., professor of physiology at New York University College of Medicine, authors The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease, a definitive work on renal physiology[37]
* 1954: Jonas Salk, a 1939 alumnus of New York University College of Medicine tests the first polio vaccine on more than one million school children, the largest public health experiment in U.S. history[38]
* 1955: James A. Shannon, a 1929 alumnus and faculty member of New York University College of Medicine, is appointed director of the National Institutes of Health [39]
* 1957: Albert Sabin, a 1931 alumnus of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, introduces the first live-virus vaccine against polio, an oral vaccine that effectively eliminates polio in the U.S. and dramatically reduces its impact worldwide[38]
* 1960: New York University College of Medicine is renamed New York University School of Medicine[6]
* 1960: Nina S. Braunwald, a 1952 alumna of New York University School of Medicine who is the first female cardiac surgeon in the U.S., performs the world’s first successful mitral valve replacement, using an artificial device of her own design and fabrication[40]
* 1966: Frank C. Spencer is appointed the George David Stewart Professor of Surgery and chair of the Department of Surgery at New York University School of Medicine, where he develops techniques, such as coronary artery bypass grafting, that help lay the foundation for modern-day cardiac surgery [41]
* 1975: One of the first designated national cancer centers is established at NYU, later named the Rita and Stanley H. Kaplan Center.
* 1982: Linda Laubenstein, a 1973 alumna and clinical professor medicine at New York University School of Medicine, and Alvin E. Friedman-Kien, professor of dermatology and microbiology, coauthor the first paper published in a medical journal (The Lancet) linking HIV/AIDS to cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, a previously rare skin cancer that would become an AIDS-defining illness.[42]
* 1989: Jan Vilček., professor of microbiology, and Junming Le, adjunct associate professor of microbiology, at New York University School of Medicine develop the monoclonal antibody that is the basis for Remicade, a potent biologic drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disease[43]
* 1989: Plastic surgeons at New York University School of Medicine perform the first craniofacial distraction, a procedure that strategically cuts and rebuilds facial bones to restore their anatomy[44]
* 1989: Frank H. Netter, M.D., a 1931 alumnus of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, publishes the Atlas of Human Anatomy[45]
* 1992: NYU Medical Center opens Women's Health Services under the auspices of the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Radiology.
* 1993: The School of Medicine's Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine is opened as an uncompromising commitment to the advancement and understanding of molecular approaches for the treatment of various important diseases.
* 1995: The Sir Harold Acton Society is established to recognize donors of $1 million or more.[46][47]
* 2001: Charles Hirsch, chair of the Department of Forensic Medicine at New York University School of Medicine and Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, establishes a temporary morgue at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, then coordinates the largest number of post-mortem examinations in history, cataloguing some 22,000 individual human remains and identifying about 60% of the 2,753 victims[48][49]
* 2004: The NYU Clinical Cancer Center is opened (now called NYU Langone Health Perlmutter Cancer Center), an NCI-Designated comprehensive cancer center.[50]
* 2004: The Nobel Prize for Chemistry is awarded to the distinguished NYU adjunct faculty member Avram Hershko for his seminal discovery of the ubiquitin system in protein degradation.
* 2006: Hospital for Joint Diseases merges with NYU Medical Center and is renamed the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases.[51]
* 2006: The School of Medicine's Joan and Joel Smilow Research Center is opened to house 4 major programmatic areas: Cancer, Pathology, Dermatology/Cutaneous Biology, and Cardiovascular Biology.
* 2010: New York University School of Medicine launches a Curriculum for the 21st Century, or C21, affording students earlier and more frequent interaction with patients and new learning pathways with more opportunities for specialized training in areas best suited to their interests.[18]
* 2013: New York University School of Medicine establishes an accelerated three-year M.D. pathway for select medical students.[20][19]
* 2014: NYU Grossman School of Medicine expands into The Alexandria Center of Life Science to host the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology and the Department of Microbiology, as well as the facilities of Proteomics and Metabolomics.
* 2018: New York University School of Medicine implements full-tuition scholarships for all current and future students in its M.D. degree program, becoming the first top-ranked medical school in the nation to provide full-tuition scholarships to all of its students[17]
* 2019: NYU Langone Health partnered with NYU to form NYU Long Island School of Medicine, a new, three-year medical school located at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island.
* 2019: New York University School of Medicine is renamed NYU Grossman School of Medicine in honor of the educational achievements of Dean Robert I. Grossman[17]
* 2019: Judith S. Hockman, the Harold Snyder Family Professor of Cardiology and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, presents the results of an international finding that for patients with stable ischemic coronary disease, an invasive treatment strategy (stenting) significantly outperformed a conservative approach in controlling chest pain (angina), but it offered no advantage in preventing cardiovascular-related death, heart attack, hospitalization for unstable angina or health failure, or resuscitation after cardiac arrest.[52]
* 2020: A team surgeons from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, led by Eduardo D. Rodriguez, the Helen L. Kimmel Professor of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and chair of the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, performs the world’s first successful face and double hand transplant. [53][54] The patient, 22-year-old Joseph DiMeo, had suffered severe burns in a car accident.[54]
* 2022: Department of Radiology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine introduces video radiology reports to help patients understand the key clinical findings of their imaging exams, the first such reports made widely available to patients in a U.S. health system. [55]

## Notable people

[edit]

Main article: List of deans and notable people at the NYU School of Medicine

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Genn, Adina (2023-07-21). "Langones give $200M gift to NYU Long Island School of Medicine | Long Island Business News". Retrieved 2024-02-29.
2. ^ Fein, Esther B. (1998-01-25). "After Earlier Failure, N.Y.U. and Mount Sinai Medical Centers to Merge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
3. ^ "30-05 New York University Medical College, 1841-1897 | Archives at Yale". archives.yale.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
4. ^ a b "NYU Langone Health History". Lillian & Clarence de la Chappelle Medical Archives.
5. ^ Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence; MacCracken, Henry Mitchell; Sihler, E. G. (Ernest Gottlieb); Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1901). New York university; its history, influence, equipment and characteristics, with biographical sketches and portraits of founders, benefactors, officers and alumni;. Cornell University Library. Boston : R. Herndon Company.
6. ^ a b c d e f g "New York University. College of Medicine | Archives at Yale". archives.yale.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
7. ^ Reports, Staff. "HEART OF THE MATTER". Gaston Gazette. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
8. ^ "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin". Science History Institute. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
9. ^ "Screen for Latent TB Infection, USPSTF Says". MedPageToday.
10. ^ Admin (2015-01-28). "Major Walter Reed and the Eradication of Yellow Fever". The Army Historical Foundation. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
11. ^ "Stanley Alan Plotkin (1932– ) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia". 2017-08-14. Archived from the original on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
12. ^ Tanne, Janice Hopkins (2008-08-12). "On the Front Lines Against the AIDS Epidemic -- New York Magazine - Nymag". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
13. ^ "Loewi, Otto - Biography ° Gedenken und Erinnern, DGIM". www.dgim-history.de. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
15. ^ "Baruj Benacerraf M.D." American Associations of Immunologists.
16. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
17. ^ a b c d e Tullman, Anya (2019-11-11). "NYU medical school renamed after Robert Grossman, Penn Medicine alum and former prof". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
18. ^ a b "NYU School of Medicine Requirements, Tuition, and More – Kaplan Test Prep". Retrieved 2024-05-09.
19. ^ a b "Med school in 3 years: Is this the future of medical education?". AAMC. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
20. ^ a b "A Guide to Accelerated, 3-Year Medical Schools". U.S. News & World Report.
21. ^ Cangiarella, Joan; Cohen, Elisabeth; Rivera, Rafael; Gillespie, Colleen; Abramson, Steven (2020). "Evolution of an Accelerated 3-Year Pathway to the MD Degree: The Experience of New York University Grossman School of Medicine". Academic Medicine. 95 (4): 534–539. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000003013. ISSN 1040-2446. PMID 31577593.
22. ^ Korn, Melissa (2019-02-19). "NYU to Open New Medical School on Long Island". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
23. ^ "NYU Grossman School of Medicine". Gotouniversity.com.
24. ^ Program Information
25. ^ "A Century of Doctors; THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE: Its First Hundred Years. By Philip Van Ingen. Illustrated". The New York Times. 31 July 1949.
26. ^ Sappol, Michael (2018-06-05). A Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-Century America. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-18614-6.
27. ^ Bernstein, Nina (2016-05-15). "Unearthing the Secrets of New York's Mass Graves". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
28. ^ nyamhistory (2020-11-05). "Stephen Smith, MD, New York Pioneer of Public Health". Books, Health and History. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
29. ^ "William Gorgas, 1854-1920". Contagion - CURIOSity Digital Collections. 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
30. ^ "Outwitting "Typhoid Mary" - Hektoen International". hekint.org. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
31. ^ "Great Strides: Celebrating Women in Medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center". Medical Archives.
32. ^ "Dr Charles Norris". geni_family_tree. 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
33. ^ The Mission of a Medical School. NYU Press. 1950.
34. ^ "Dr. Donal Sheehan, 56, a Leader Of N.Y.U. Medical Center, Dies; Professor of Education and Former Dean Stricken on Study Trip to England". The New York Times. 1964-07-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
35. ^ "Howard Rusk | Medical Rehabilitation, Disability Prevention & Physician-Scientist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
36. ^ "About the Department of Neurosurgery". NYU Langone Health. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
37. ^ "The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 28 (317): 191–192. 1952. doi:10.1136/pgmj.28.317.191-b. ISSN 0032-5473. PMC 2530670.
38. ^ a b "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin". Science History Institute. 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
39. ^ toddviola (2014-01-15). "James A. Shannon | The Franklin Institute". fi.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
40. ^ ""It Will Work": The Story of Nina Starr Braunwald and the First Successful Mitral Valve Replacement". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
41. ^ "N.Y.U. Fills Medical School Chair". The New York Times. 1965-11-23. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
42. ^ Lambert, Bruce (17 August 1992). "Linda Laubenstein, 45, Physician And Leader in Detection of AIDS". The New York Times.
43. ^ Arenson, Karen W. (8 May 2007). "Manhattan Drug Research Benefits". The New York Times.
44. ^ Andrade, Neelam; Gandhewar, Trupti; Kalra, Rinku (2011). "Development and evolution of distraction devices: Use of indigenous appliances for Distraction Osteogenesis-An overview". Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery. 1 (1): 58–65. doi:10.4103/2231-0746.83159. ISSN 2231-0746. PMC 3591036. PMID 23482829.
45. ^ Netter, Francine Mary; Friedlaender, Gary E. (2014). "Frank H. Netter MD and a Brief History of Medical Illustration". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 472 (3): 812–819. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-3459-8. ISSN 0009-921X. PMC 3916597. PMID 24435714.
46. ^ "The Sir Harold Acton Society."
47. ^ "Acton Society Adds New Million–Dollar Donors". Global Health Nexus spring 2007. NYU College of Dentistry. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
48. ^ Roberts, Sam (2016-04-11). "Charles S. Hirsch, New York's Chief Medical Examiner on 9/11, Dies at 79". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
49. ^ Barry, Dan (2002-07-14). "At Morgue, Ceaselessly Sifting 9/11 Traces". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
50. ^ "NCI Designates Comprehensive Cancer Center Status to NYU Perlmutter". The ASCO Post. 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
51. ^ "Why NYU Langone Medical Center just changed its name". Advisory Board. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
52. ^ "Judith S. Hochman, M.D., M.A. | NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 2021-03-25. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
53. ^ llowe@appealdemocrat.com, Lynzie Lowe / (2018-11-29). "Historic surgery for local man". Appeal-Democrat. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
54. ^ a b "Man undergoes 1st successful face, double hand transplant from same donor". ABC News. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
55. ^ "Video radiology reports add value, improve patient care". radiologybusiness.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.

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