New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit

Electric commuter trains operating in Auckland, New Zealand

New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit

AM 103 at Puhinui station

Interior

In service| 2014–present
Manufacturer| CAF
Built at| Beasain, Basque Country, Spain
Family name| CxK
Replaced|

* ADK class DMU
* ADL class DMU
* SA carriage
* SX carriage
* DC class loco
* DFT class loco

Constructed|

* 2013–2015
* 2019–2020

Number under construction| 23[1]
Number built| 72
Number in service| 72
Formation| 3 cars (AMA–AMT–AMP) per set[2]
Fleet numbers|

* 103–714
* 810–973

Capacity| 373 (230 seated, 143 standing)[3]
Operators|

* Transdev Auckland (2014–22)
* Auckland One Rail (2022–)

Depots| Wiri, Strand Distributed Stabling Facility, Papakura, Henderson
Lines served|

* Eastern Line
* Onehunga Line
* Southern Line
* Western Line

Specifications
Car body construction| Stainless steel[3]
Train length| 72.03 m (236 ft 4 in)
Car length|

* 24.3 m (79 ft 9 in) (AMA/AMP)
* 23.2 m (76 ft 1 in) (AMT)

Width| 2.76 m (9 ft 1 in)
Height| 3.99 m (13 ft 1 in) (over lowered pantograph)
Floor height|

* 1,100 mm (3 ft 7 in) (high floor)
* 750 mm (2 ft 6 in) (AMT low floor)

Platform height| 750 mm (2 ft 6 in)
Doors| 4 × twin doors (2 per side) per car, push-button opening[3]
Wheel diameter| 860–790 mm (34–31 in) (new–worn)
Maximum speed| 110 km/h (70 mph)[3]
Weight| 132 t (130 long tons; 146 short tons) (tare 3-car set)
Traction system| CAF IGBT–VVVF[4]
Traction motors| 8 × Mitsubishi Electric MB-5146-A 190 kW (255 hp)
Power output| 1,520 kW (2,038 hp)[2]
Transmission| 6.8 : 1 (102 / 15) gear ratio[5]
Acceleration| 1 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2)[3]
Deceleration| 1 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2)[3]
Electric system(s)| 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead catenary
Current collector(s)| Pantograph
UIC classification| Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
Safety system(s)| ETCS (to application level 1)
Coupling system| Scharfenberg
Multiple working| Within class only
Track gauge| 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Notes/references
Sourced from[6] except where noted.

The New Zealand AM class of electric multiple unit (EMU) was constructed for the electrification of Auckland's railway network. The class was introduced in 2014[7] with the first unit having arrived in September 2013.[8] The units are classified AM (Auckland Metro), with the driving motor car with pantograph classified AMP, the middle trailer car AMT and the driving motor car without pantograph AMA.[2] The trains are operated by Auckland One Rail for Auckland Transport under the AT Metro brand.

## History[edit]

In February 2010, an "industry engagement document" preceding the formal call for tenders was published, calling for 114 EMU cars in 38 three-car sets, capable of being coupled as six-car trains, the maximum Auckland's stations can handle. The tender also included 13 electric locomotives (which did not eventuate). The sets would have seated around 240 passengers. While the document specified only a small number of elements, it required a speed of 110 km/h for fully laden trains, a minimum design life of 35 years and the ability to climb the steep grades of the proposed City Rail Link.[9] The expected value of the contract was approximately $500 million.[10][11]

In December 2010, there was concern that government handling of the tender could be placing the process into doubt, with four tenderers out of the ten shortlisted having withdrawn. One of them, Bombardier Transportation, criticised the government for initially shortlisting four companies then extending it to ten, which in their view created a lack of confidence in the tendering process.[12] Another criticism was that KiwiRail had "effectively prevented" their facilities in Hillside and Lower Hutt from tendering for the contract or parts of the contract, settling for encouraging overseas tenderers to include some local component. This, together with the refusal to allow local manufacturing to build railway wagons, was seen by groups such as unions and newspaper commenters as a sign that KiwiRail/the Government was unwilling to support New Zealand rail manufacturing.[13]

In April 2011, it was confirmed that the shortlist had been reduced to two, with the contract expected to be awarded several months later. Still uncertain was ownership of the trains, with Auckland Transport preferring to take ownership rather than KiwiRail. The Rail & Maritime Transport Union favoured this course, as it would have ensured that they could not be sold by the government at a later stage.[11] Auckland Council transport committee chairman Mike Lee noted that it would be inappropriate that Auckland would be expected to pay back a government loan for the trains (unlike recent Wellington train purchases), yet could end up not owning the trains.[14]

In August 2011, it was confirmed that the tender specification had been changed to 57 three-car EMUs (approximately 50% more than before) and no locomotives, reducing long-term maintenance costs.[15] All trains would be able to use the City Rail Link, which might not have been possible for locomotive-hauled carriages as they would not have met performance and fire rating requirements.[16] The purchase price included a 12-year maintenance contract.[15] On the funding side, after long negotiations between Auckland Council/Auckland Transport and the government, it was declared that the trains would be owned by Auckland, with Auckland paying approximately half of the cost from rates, as well as paying annual track access charges to KiwiRail and any potential purchase price increases as the winning tenderer was finalised.[15]

On 6 October 2011, it was announced that Spanish rolling stock builder CAF had been selected. Further information regarding the trains was also released, including artist's impressions resembling the Class 4000 DMUs for NI Railways, built by CAF.[17][18]

Exterior of mockup, Museum of Transport & Technology. Interior of mock-up, Auckland waterfront, 12 June 2012.

A mock-up was unveiled in June 2012,[19] and was on display at the Museum of Transport & Technology. The mock-up is a hybrid of motor car and trailer sections – the actual layout is different, with greater length in each section.

Production of the first unit was underway in October 2012.[20] In mid 2013, it was announced that the first train had been shipped, and was to arrive in Auckland by September 2013.[21] It arrived at the Ports of Auckland on 24 August 2013.[22][23][24]

The class was designed with the City Rail Link in mind, which will extend the underground operation of the 57 units and any future suburban stock considerably.

AT looked into the possibility of battery electric multiple units (BEMU) to operate services between Papakura and Pukekohe as an interim measure prior to electrifying the North Island Main Trunk between the two stations. It was thought that up to 13 2-Car BEMUs would be required (allowing for either 6x 3-Car BEMU per hour or 3x 6-Car BEMU with one spare). In November 2017, it was announced that the proposed 13-unit BEMU order had been cancelled in preference for 15 further AM class units.[25] The rationale for this became clear in late April 2018 when electrification between Papakura and Pukekohe was announced as part of the $28 billion Auckland Transport Alignment Project.[26][27] The 15 units were under construction mid 2019 with the first unit (AM810) shipped from the factory in Spain in early September. The first of the three-carriage trains arrived in Auckland in October and should enter service in December after commissioning. The last of the additional fleet of 15 arrived in Auckland during July 2020.[28][29] 23 additional units with options for 5 more were ordered from CAF in January 2022.[30]

## Introduction[edit]

The first unit was transferred to the purpose-built Wiri depot on 26 August 2013.[31] It was certified at the depot before being officially unveiled on 12 September.[31][32]

The next units arrived in Auckland in November 2013, with two sets due to arrive every month December 2013 – November 2014, four each month December 2014 – July 2015.[33][failed verification]

Inside an AM on the first day of revenue service.

The first revenue service ran on 28 April 2014 on the Onehunga Line, following a public open day the preceding day on which the trains were used to run free shuttle services between Britomart and Newmarket.[34] Electric Eastern Line services commenced on 15 September 2014 as far as Manukau;[33][failed verification] Eastern Line services to Papakura were diverted to terminate at Manukau from 8 December 2014, completing the Eastern Line electrification.[35]

Electric Southern Line services to Papakura commenced on 15 January 2015,[36][failed verification] running two return off-peak services on weekdays. From 16 May 2015, all weekend services, with the exception of the shuttle service between Papakura and Pukekohe were operated by electric trains, including the Western Line.

Electric trains were fully introduced into daily services across the Auckland electrified rail network on 20 July 2015. Electric trains operate as far as Swanson on the Western Line and as far as Papakura on the Southern Line.[37]

## Accident[edit]

The front three cars[38] of an inbound train derailed in the Britomart tunnel on the approach to the platforms on 9 May 2018 and stopped millimetres from a concrete wall. The emergency brakes were activated and no injuries were recorded. The derailed units took several days to clear.[39] The TAIC investigation found that a manufacturing defect in a rail caused the rail to fracture.[40]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Clinnick, Richard (29 January 2022). "CAF to build 23 EMUs for Auckland". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
2. ^ a b c "Progress on new EMU cars for Auckland". New Zealand Railfan. 19 (3): 14–15. June 2013. ISSN 1173-2229.
3. ^ a b c d e f "Business Report, October 2011" (PDF). Auckland Transport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
4. ^ "25kV electric traction converter". CAF Power & Automation. Retrieved 23 August 2023. "Auckland Regional Transit Authority, New Zealand"
5. ^ "cat tecnico GEARBOXES 2-7" (PDF). CAF MiiRA. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
6. ^ "COMMUTER TRAIN AUCKLAND TRANSPORT". CAF. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
7. ^ "EMU, Depot and Electrification Infrastructure" (PDF). Report to the Auckland Council Transport Committee. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
8. ^ "Auckland's first new electric train on its way". The New Zealand Herald. 19 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
9. ^ "Ceremony marks the beginning of Auckland City Rail Link construction | Stuff.co.nz". stuff.co.nz. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017.
10. ^ Dearnaley, Mathew (22 March 2010). "$500m budget for region's sleek new electric railcars". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
11. ^ a b "Merit in discussing who should own Auckland trains". Press Release: Rail And Maritime Transport Union of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
12. ^ Cheng, Derek (13 December 2010). "Electric rail shortlist extension under fire". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
13. ^ "A rail demolition job?". Otago Daily Times. 10 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
14. ^ Dearnaley, Mathew (26 May 2011). "Auckland wants to own trains, not lease them". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
15. ^ a b c Dearnaley, Mathew (2 September 2011). "City gets 50pc more electric trains". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
16. ^ "Auckland to get 57 EMU trains". Auckland Transport Blog. 1 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
17. ^ "Train contract heralds new era in public transport". Auckland Transport Press Release. 6 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
18. ^ "CAF preferred for Auckland EMU order". Railway Gazette International. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
19. ^ "Sneak peek: Auckland's new electric trains". Auckland Transport. 26 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
20. ^ "Auckland Transport October 2012 Business Report, Item 8.2, page 44" (PDF). 24 October 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
21. ^ "Auckland's first electric trains on track in April despite setbacks". The New Zealand Herald. 18 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
22. ^ "First New Train For Auckland Arriving Next Week". NewstalkZB. 24 August 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
23. ^ "New electric trains arrive in Auckland". 26 August 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
24. ^ "Bring forward rail link or face gridlock – Auckland mayor". One News. 22 September 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
25. ^ Maude, Simon (7 November 2017). "Auckland's battery trains sidelined for $133m electric train deal". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
26. ^ "What you need to know about the $28b Auckland Transport Alignment Project". Stuff. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
27. ^ Orsman, Bernard (26 April 2018). "$28 billion funding package for Auckland roading and public transport projects unveiled". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
28. ^ "Auckland's new commuter trains on way from Spain". Stuff. 2 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
29. ^ "First new electric train arrives in Auckland". Auckland Council. 31 October 2019. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
30. ^ "CAF signs new contract for the supply of 23 electric units in Auckland". CAF. 25 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
31. ^ a b "Auckland Transport media release: "Auckland's first new train has arrived"". Archived from the original on 29 August 2013.
32. ^ "Auckland's first electric train unveiled". 3 News. 12 September 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
33. ^ a b "Strategic PT Reviews – Update" (PDF). Auckland Transport. August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
34. ^ KIDD, ROBERT (27 April 2014). "All aboard in Auckland for free electric train rides". Stuff.co.nz News. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
35. ^ "More train services from December". Auckland Transport. 17 November 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
36. ^ "Jan 2015 AT Public Transport Patronage Stats Report" (PDF). Auckland Transport. 15 January 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
37. ^ https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/service-announcements/train-changes-from-monday-20-july-2015/ Archived 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Auckland Transport. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
38. ^ "Train derails at Auckland's Britomart station". The New Zealand Herald. 9 May 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
39. ^ "Auckland commuters to face more delays on Friday following train derailment". Stuff. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
40. ^ "Auckland train derailment caused by manufacturing fault – investigation". Radio NZ – rnz.co.nz. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit.

* Auckland Transport – New electric trains for Auckland

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CAF CxK family

* AM class
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Rail vehicles of New Zealand

Diesel locomotives|

| Mainline|

* DA (inc. DAA, DAR)
* DB (inc. DBR)
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* DF (English Electric)
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* DG (inc. DH of 1956)
* DI
* DJ
* DL
* DM (on order)
* DQ and QR
* DX (inc. DXB, DXC, DXR)

|

Shunt|

* DE
* DH of 1978
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Electric locomotives|

| 1500 V DC|

* EA (later EO of 1968)
* EC
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* EW

|

25 kV AC|

* EF

Battery|

* E
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Diesel multiple units|

* ADK/ADB class diesel multiple unit
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Electric multiple units|

| 1500 V DC (Wellington)|

* "English Electric" DM (inc. D trailers)
* "Ganz Mavag" EM (inc. ET trailers)
* "Matangi" FP (inc. FT trailers)

|

25 kV AC (Auckland)|

* AM (inc. AMP, AMT, AMA)

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|

Others|

* A 88 Buckhurst petrol carriage

Steam locomotives|

* A of 1873
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* AA
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* ETM class track evaluation car
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* Locomotives of New Zealand
* Rail transport in New Zealand
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