New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy

The cruiser HMS Philomel, "Cradle of the Navy"

Active| 1921–1941
Country|  United Kingdom
Branch|  Royal Navy
Type| Fleet
Engagements|

* World War II
* American Theater
* Battle of the River Plate

Military unit

The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy also known as the New Zealand Station was formed in 1921 and remained in existence until 1941. It was the precursor to the Royal New Zealand Navy. Originally, the Royal Navy was solely responsible for the naval security of New Zealand. The passing of the Naval Defence Act 1913 created the New Zealand Naval Forces as a separate division within the Royal Navy.

## History

[edit]

Admiralty House, Auckland, used from 1902 to 1903 when it became the Glenalvon Hotel: it was demolished in 1915

At its establishment in 1848, the Australia Station encompassed Australia and New Zealand.[1] Under the Australasian Naval Agreement 1887 the colonial governments of Australia and New Zealand secured a greater naval presence in their waters, agreed that two ships would always be based in New Zealand waters and agreed contributions to funding that presence.[2]

In 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia became independent of the United Kingdom. The Australian Squadron was disbanded in 1911 and the Australia Station passed to the Commonwealth Naval Forces. The Australia Station was reduced to cover Australia and its island dependencies to the north and east, excluding New Zealand and its surrounds, which was transferred under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, China and called the New Zealand Naval Forces.[3]

On 1 January 1921, the New Zealand Naval Forces, which had formerly been under the command of the China Station, were renamed the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy.[4] Funded by Wellington and increasingly manned by New Zealanders, it operated 14 ships over a period of 21 years, including the cruisers HMS Achilles and HMS Leander, the training minesweeper HMS Wakakura, and the cruiser HMS Philomel which was recommissioned as a base training establishment.[5]

The Commodore's appointment was abolished and forces brought directly under the New Zealand Chief of the Naval Staff from October 1940.[6] The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy became the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) from 1 October 1941, in recognition of the fact that the naval force was now largely self-sufficient and independent of the Royal Navy.[7]

## Ships of the New Zealand Division

[edit]

Historic ships of the
Royal New Zealand Navy

RNZN Ensign

* Cruisers
* Frigates
* Corvettes
* Minesweepers
* Patrol boats
* Motor Launches
* Logistic support
* Survey and research
* Diving tenders
* Training ships
* Port vessels
* Naval bases

Alphabetical list

* 1921–41
* 1913–21
* Earlier

Sortable list covering the period from the inception of the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy in 1921 to the formation of the Royal New Zealand Navy on 1 October 1941.

| Name  | Pnt | Type  | Class  | Commissioned | Decommissioned  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| HMS Achilles | 70  | Cruiser | Leander class | 1936  | 1941  | 1941–1946 was HMNZS Achilles in the RNZN
| HMS Auckland | L61  | Convoy sloop | Egret class | 1938  | 1939  | Nominated only.
| HMS Chatham |  | Cruiser | Town class | 1920  | 1924  | Replaced by Dunedin in 1924
| HMS Diomede | D92  | Cruiser | Danae class | 1926  | 1935  | Replaced by Achilles in 1936
| HMS Dunedin | D93  | Cruiser | Danae class | 1924  | 1937  | Replaced by Leander in 1937
| HMS Laburnum | T48  | Convoy sloop | Acacia class | 1922  | 1935  | Flower-class sloop
| HMS Leander |  | Cruiser | Leander class | 1937  | 1941  | 1941–1944 was HMNZS Leander in the RNZN
| HMS Leith | L36  | Convoy sloop | Grimsby class | 1934  | 1939  | Acquired by the Royal Danish Navy in 1949 and renamed HDMS Galathea.[8] Circumnavigated the world in 1950–52 doing deep-sea oceanographic research.
| RFA Nucula | L61  | Fleet oiler |  | 1924  | 1937  | oil hulk 1937–1947
| HMS Philomel |  | Cruiser | Pearl class | 1921  | 1941  | "Cradle of the Navy." 1914–1921 was HMS Philomel in the NZ Naval Forces. 1941–1947 became HMNZS Philomel in the RNZN
| HMS Puriri | T02  | Minesweeper | Converted merchant ship  | 1941  | 1941  | 14 May 1941 struck a German mine nine miles (14 km) northeast of the Whangarei heads and sank with the loss of five crew members.[9][10]
| HMS Torch |  | Convoy sloop |  | 1921  | 1924  | 1914–1921 was HMS Torch in the NZ Naval Forces. Also called a gunboat. Wrecked in Chatham Islands.
| HMS Veronica | T67  | Convoy sloop | Acacia class | 1920  | 1934  | Flower-class sloop
| HMS Wellington | U65  | Convoy sloop | Grimsby class | 1935  | 1947  | Survives as a museum ship moored on the River Thames, London.
| HMS Wakakura | T00  | Minesweeper | Castle class | 1926  | 1941  | 1941–1945 was HMNZS Wakakura in the RNZN

## Commanders

[edit]

HMS Diomede and HMS Dunedin berthed in Wellington, ca 1928

Officers who commanded the New Zealand Division/Station include:[11]

Rank | Name | Term began

|
|

Commodore | Alan Hotham | March 1921
Commodore | Alister Beal, CMG, DSO | August 1923
Commodore | George Swabey, DSO | 18 June 1926
Commodore | Geoffrey Blake, CB, DSO | 19 July 1929
Rear Admiral | Fischer Watson, DSO | 26 February 1932
Rear Admiral | The Hon. Edmund Drummond, MVO | March 1935
Commodore | Irvine Glennie | June 1938
Commodore | James Rivett-Carnac | December 1938
Commodore | Henry Horan, DSC | December 1939
Commodore | Edward Parry | May 1940

## Transition to the Royal New Zealand Navy

[edit]

When Britain went to war against Germany in 1939, New Zealand promptly declared war and expanded its naval forces. In recognition that the naval force was now largely self-sufficient and independent of the Royal Navy, the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy became the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) in 1941.

In 1941 there were:[12]

* 2 Cruisers
* 2 Escort Vessels
* 1 Survey Vessel
* 1 Minesweeping Vessel

The prefix "royal" was granted by King George VI on 1 October 1941, and ships thereafter were prefixed with HMNZS (His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship).

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Dennis 2008, p. 54.
2. ^ "Australian Naval Defence and the 1887 Colonial" (PDF). Sheffield Hallam University. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
3. ^ Dennis 2008, p. 53.
4. ^ McGibbon 2000, pp. 45–46.
5. ^ McGibbon 2000, p. 353.
6. ^ New Zealand Electronic Text Centre, Appendix Vi — Members Of New Zealand Naval Board|Appendix VI: Members of the New Zealand Naval Board
7. ^ "The Royal New Zealand Navy". New Zealand History. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
8. ^ "Danish Naval History: HDMS Galathea". Navalhistory.dk. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
9. ^ Tonson, A.E. HMS Puriri 1938, NZ Navy, article in Naval Historical Review – March 1983
10. ^ HMNZS Puriri Archived 24 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
11. ^ Senior Royal Navy Appointments Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ "Royal Navy History". Retrieved 12 August 2016.

## References

[edit]

* Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (2nd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2. OCLC 271822831.
* Hocken Collections, 75 Years of the New Zealand Navy bulletin 17, August 1996
* McDougall, R J (1989) New Zealand Naval Vessels. Page 9-21. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-477-01399-4
* McGibbon, Ian (2000). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558376-0.
* Walters, Sydney David (1956) The Royal New Zealand Navy: Official History of World War II, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington. Chapter 1b: Genesis of Royal New Zealand Navy

## External links

[edit]

* New Zealand Navy Museum 1921 The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy
* The Jellicoe Report
* Royal Navy History The Royal New Zealand Navy
* HMS Chatham New Zealand's first cruiser

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Historic fleets and naval commands of the Royal Navy

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