New Zealand Labour Party

Centre-left political party in New Zealand

New Zealand Labour Party

Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa

Leader| Chris Hipkins
Deputy Leader| Carmel Sepuloni
President| Jill Day
General Secretary| Rob Salmond[1]
Founded| 7 July 1916; 108 years ago (1916-07-07)
Merger of| Social Democratic Party
United Labour Party
Headquarters| Fraser House, 160–162 Willis St, Wellington 6011
Youth wing| Young Labour
LGBT+ wing| Rainbow Labour
Ideology| Social democracy
Political position| Centre-left
International affiliation| Progressive Alliance[2]
Colours|  Red
Slogan| In It For You[3]
House of Representatives|

34 / 123

Regional councillors|

2 / 131

Local councillors|

15 / 634

Website
labour.org.nz

* Politics of New Zealand
* Political parties
* Elections

Part of a series on

Organised labour

Labour movement

*     * Conflict theories
* Decent work
* Exploitation of labour
* Timeline
* New unionism
* Proletariat
* Sectoral collective bargaining
* Social movement unionism
* Social democracy
* Democratic socialism
* Socialism
* Communism
* Syndicalism
* Union busting
* Anarcho-syndicalism
* National-syndicalism
* Workplace democracy

Labour rights

* Annual leave
* Child labour
* Collective bargaining
* Diversity, equity, and inclusion
* Eight-hour day
* Employment discrimination
* Employment protection
* Equal pay
* Four-day week
* Freedom of association
* Legal working age
* Minimum wage
* Neurodiversity and labor rights
* Occupational safety and health
* Overwork
* Paid time off
* Professional abuse
* Right to rest and leisure
* Right to sit
* Sabbatical
* Sick leave
* Six-hour day
* Toxic workplace
* Unfree labour
* Workers' right to access the toilet

Trade unions

* Trade unions by country
* Trade union federations
* International comparisons
*     * ITUC
* WFTU

Strike action

* Chronological list of strikes
* Hartal
* General strike
* Bandh
* newspapers
* Green bans
* Lockouts
* Overtime bans
* Pen-down strikes
* Sitdown strikes
* Solidarity action
* Walkouts
* Whipsaw strikes
* Wildcat strikes
* Work-to-rule

Labour parties

* Australia
* Barbados
* Brazil
* Fiji
* Georgia
* Hong Kong
* Ireland
* Israel
* Malta
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Singapore
* South Korea
* United Kingdom
* Sweden

Academic disciplines

* Critique of work
* Industrial relations
* Labour economics
* Labour history
* Labour law
* Post-work society
* Refusal of work

* v
* t
* e

The New Zealand Labour Party, also known simply as Labour (Māori: Reipa),[4] is a centre-left political party in New Zealand.[5][6][7][8] The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism,[9] while observers describe Labour as social democratic[10][11] and pragmatic in practice.[10][11] The party participates in the international Progressive Alliance.[2] It is one of two major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the National Party.

The New Zealand Labour Party formed in 1916 out of various socialist parties and trade unions. It is the country's oldest political party still in existence.[12] Alongside the National Party, Labour has alternated in leading governments of New Zealand since the 1930s.[13] As of 2020[update], there have been six periods of Labour government under 11 Labour prime ministers. The party has traditionally been supported by the working classes, Māori, Pasifika, and has had strongholds in inner cities and the Māori seats for much of its existence.[14] Labour won the party vote in 71 out of 72 electorates in the 2020 election, making it overwhelmingly the most successful political party of the MMP era.[15][16]

The party first came to power under prime ministers Michael Joseph Savage and Peter Fraser from 1935 to 1949, when it established New Zealand's welfare state. It governed from 1957 to 1960, and again from 1972 to 1975. In 1974, prime minister Norman Kirk died in office, which contributed to a decline in party support. However, Labour won the popular vote in 1978 and 1981, with the first-past-the-post voting system preventing them from governing. Up to the 1980s, the party advocated a strong role for governments in economic and social matters. When it governed from 1984 to 1990, Labour's emergent neoliberal faction had a strong influence; the party broke precedent and transformed the economy from a protectionist one through extensive deregulation. As part of Rogernomics, Labour privatised state assets and greatly reduced the role of the state, causing a party split in 1989. Labour prime minister David Lange also introduced New Zealand's nuclear-free policy. After a significant defeat in the 1990 election, Labour's neoliberal faction would largely defect from the party and form ACT New Zealand. Labour again became the largest party from 1999 to 2008, when it governed in coalition with, or based on negotiated support from, several minor parties; Helen Clark became the first Labour prime minister to secure a third full term in office. Clark's government was marked by the creation of Kiwibank, a state-owned banking corporation; strong opposition to the Iraq War; and the foreshore and seabed controversy, which caused disillusioned Māori Labour MPs to split and create the Māori Party.

In the 2017 election the party, under Jacinda Ardern, returned to prominence with its best showing since the 2005 general election, winning 36.9% of the party vote and 46 seats.[17] On 19 October 2017, Labour formed a minority coalition government with New Zealand First, with confidence and supply from the Green Party. In the 2020 general election, Labour won in a landslide, winning an overall majority of 10 and 50.01% of the vote.[18] In the 2023 election, Labour lost its majority to the National Party and subsequently returned to Opposition.[19] Since 2023[update], Chris Hipkins serves as the party's leader, while Carmel Sepuloni is the deputy leader.

## History

[edit]

### Background

[edit]

See also: Socialism in New Zealand

The founding of the New Zealand Labour Party, on 7 July 1916 in Wellington,[12] brought together a number of earlier socialist groups advocating proportional representation, the abolition of the country quota, the recall of members of Parliament, as well as the nationalisation of production and exchange.[20]

Despite the Labour Party's Wellington origins, the West Coast town of Blackball is regarded as the "spiritual home" of the party,[21] because it was the site of a miners' strike in 1908 that led to the founding of the first nationwide federation of trade unions (the "Red Federation").[22] The Labour Party was established by trade unions, among other groups, and the party identifies itself as part of the wider labour movement in New Zealand.[23][24] The Labour Party has long been identified with red, a political colour traditionally affiliated with socialism and the labour movement.

### Formation (1901–1916)

[edit]

Socialist
Party
(1901)| | | | Independent
Political
Labour
League
(1905)

|
|
|
|

| | | | | | | | | |
| | | (independents)| | Labour Party
(original)
(1910)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | United Labour
Party
(1912)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | Social Democratic
Party
(1913)| | (remnants)
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | Labour Party (1916)

At the turn of the 20th century, the radical side of New Zealand working class politics was represented by the Socialist Party, founded in 1901. The more moderate leftists generally supported the Liberal Party.[25] In 1905 a group of working-class politicians who were dissatisfied with the Liberal approach established the Independent Political Labour League (IPLL),[26] which managed to win a seat in Parliament in the 1908 election.[27][28] At the same time, moderates contested as "Lib-Lab" candidates, aligning with the Liberal Party while enjoying the endorsement of the labour movement.[29] This established the basic dividing line in New Zealand's left-wing politics – the Socialists/IPLL tended to be revolutionary and militant, while the moderates focused instead on progressive reform.[30] The process of unifying these sides into a single party was difficult, with tensions between different factions running strong.[31]

In 1910 the Independent Political Labour League was relaunched as an organisation called the Labour Party (distinct from the modern party). Soon, however, the leaders of the new organisation decided that additional effort was needed to promote left-wing cooperation, and organised a "Unity Conference". The Socialists refused to attend, but several independent labour activists agreed. The United Labour Party (ULP) was born.[30]

Soon afterward, the labour movement went through the 1912 Waihi miners' strike, a major industrial disturbance prompted by radicals in the union movement.[32] The movement split over supporting or opposing the radicals, and in the end, the conservative Reform Party government of William Massey suppressed the strike by force. In the strike's aftermath, there was a major drive to end the divisions in the labour movement and to establish a united front. Accordingly, Walter Thomas Mills organised another Unity Conference, and this time the Socialists attended.[32] The resulting group was named the Social Democratic Party.

Not all members of the United Labour Party accepted the new organisation, however, and some continued under their own banner. Gradually, however, the differences between the Social Democrats and the ULP Remnant broke down, and in 1915 they formed a unified caucus – both to oppose Reform better and to differentiate themselves from the Liberals.[33] A year later yet another gathering took place. This time, all major factions of the labour movement agreed to unite, forming the Labour Party as it is today.[34]

#### Electoral record of constituent parties pre–1916 Labour

[edit]

Term  | Electorate  | Party  | Elected MPs

|
|
|

1908-1910  | 17th | Wellington East |  | Ind. Labour League | David McLaren
1910-1911  | Changed allegiance to: |  | Labour
1911-1912  | 18th | Wellington South |  | Labour | Alfred Hindmarsh
1912-1914  | Changed allegiance to: |  | United Labour
1914-1916  | 19th | Wellington South |  | United Labour
1911-1914  | 18th | Grey Lynn |  | Labour | John Payne
1914-1916  | 19th | Grey Lynn  |  | Independent Labour
1916  | Changed allegiance to: |  | Independent
1911-1913  | 18th | Otaki |  | Labour | John Robertson
1913-1914  | Changed allegiance to: |  | Social Democrat
1911-1912  | 18th | Wanganui |  | Independent Labour | Bill Veitch
1912-1914  | Changed allegiance to: |  | United Labour
1914-1916  | 19th | Wanganui  |  | United Labour
1916  | Changed allegiance to: |  | Independent
1913-1914  | 18th | Grey |  | Social Democrat | Paddy Webb
1914-1916  | 19th | Grey  |  | Social Democrat
1913-1914  | 18th | Lyttelton |  | Social Democrat | James McCombs
1914-1916  | 19th | Lyttelton |  | Social Democrat
1914-1916  | 19th | Dunedin North |  | United Labour | Andrew Walker

### Early years (1916–1935)

[edit]

Almost immediately, the new Labour Party became involved in the acrimonious debate about conscription which arose during World War I. The party strongly opposed conscription,[35] and several leading members – Peter Fraser, Harry Holland, Bob Semple and Paddy Webb – were jailed and expelled from Parliament for their stand against the war.[36] The loss of leadership threatened to seriously destabilise the party, but the party survived.[36] (Fraser, Semple and Webb later supported conscription in World War II.[36])

In its first real electoral test as a united party, the 1919 election, Labour won eight seats – the party's quick success shocked many conservatives.[37] The eight seats compared with 47 for the governing Reform Party and 21 for the Liberal Party.[38]

Although Labour had split with its more militant faction (which went on to form various socialist parties), it maintained what were at the time radical socialist policies. Labour's 'Usehold' policy on land was, in essence, the replacement of freehold tenure by a system of perpetual lease from the state, with all land-transfer conducted through the state (the full nationalisation of farmland). This policy proved unpopular with voters, and Labour dropped it, along with other more radical policies, in the course of the 1920s.[30]

Members of the Labour parliamentary caucus, 1922. Prominent members are Harry Holland (seated, left of centre), Peter Fraser (seated, right of centre) and Michael Joseph Savage (back row, rightmost).

In the 1922 election, Labour more than doubled its number of seats, winning seventeen. In the 1925 election, it declined somewhat but had the consolation of soon overtaking the Liberals as the second-largest party. Labour leader Harry Holland became the official Leader of the Opposition on 16 June 1926, after the Eden by-election on 15 April elected Rex Mason (Labour) to replace James Parr (Reform), who had resigned. After the 1928 election, however, the party was left in an advantageous position – the Reform Party had 28 seats and the new United Party (a revival of the Liberals) had 27 seats, and neither could govern without Labour support. Labour chose to back United, the party closest to its own views – this put an end to five terms (1912–1928) of Reform Party government.[39]

In the early 1930s the rigours of the Great Depression brought Labour considerable popularity, but also caused tension between Labour and the United Party. In 1931 United passed a number of economic measures which Labour deemed hostile to workers, and the agreement between the two parties collapsed. United then formed a coalition government with Reform, making Labour the Opposition. The coalition retained power in the 1931 election, but gradually, the public became highly dissatisfied with its failure to resolve the country's economic problems. Harry Holland died in 1933 and his deputy, Michael Joseph Savage, became the Labour Party parliamentary leader. In the 1935 election, the Labour Party gained a significant majority, gaining 53 seats to the coalition's 19, and returned to government.

Several of the early Labour Party stalwarts were Australian-born: Alfred Hindmarsh, Harry Holland, Michael Joseph Savage, Bob Semple, Paddy Webb, Bill Parry and later Jerry Skinner, Mabel Howard, Hugh Watt, Jim Edwards and Dorothy Jelicich.

### First Government (1935–1949)

[edit]

Main article: First Labour Government of New Zealand

Michael Joseph Savage, the first Prime Minister from the Labour Party

Party leader Michael Joseph Savage became prime minister on 6 December 1935, marking the beginning of Labour's first term in office. The new government quickly set about implementing a number of significant reforms, including a reorganisation of the social-welfare system and setting up the state housing scheme.[40] Workers also benefited from the introduction of the forty-hour week, and legislation making it easier for unions to negotiate on their behalf.[41] Savage himself was highly popular with the working classes, and his portrait could be found on walls in many houses around the country.[42] At this time the Labour Party pursued an alliance with the Māori Rātana movement.[43]

The parliamentary opposition, meanwhile, attacked the Labour Party's more left-wing policies and accused it of undermining free enterprise and hard work. In May 1936, months after Labour's first general election win, the Reform Party and the United Party took their coalition to the next step, agreeing to merge with each other. The combined organisation, named the National Party, would be Labour's main rival in future years.[44]

Members of the First Labour Government on the steps of the Parliamentary Library in Wellington, 1935

Labour also faced opposition within its own ranks. While the Labour Party had been explicitly socialist at its inception, it had gradually drifted away from its earlier radicalism. The death of the party's former leader, the "doctrinaire" Harry Holland, had marked a significant turning-point in the party's history. Some within the party, however, were displeased about the changing focus of the party. Most notably, John A. Lee. Lee, whose views were a mixture of socialism and social credit theory, emerged as a vocal critic of the party's leadership, accusing it of behaving autocratically and of betraying the party's rank and file. After a long and bitter dispute, the party executive expelled Lee from the party, who then established his own breakaway Democratic Labour Party.[45]

Savage died in 1940 and Peter Fraser, who became Labour's longest-serving prime minister, replaced him. Fraser became best-known as New Zealand's head of government for most of World War II. In the post-war period, however, ongoing shortages and industrial problems cost Labour considerable popularity, and the National Party, under Sidney Holland, gained ground, although Labour was able to win the 1943 and 1946 elections. Eventually, in the 1949 election, Labour suffered electoral defeat.[46]

Fraser died shortly afterward, and was replaced by Walter Nash, the long-serving minister of finance.[47] It would be some time before Labour would return to power; Nash lacked the charisma of his predecessors, and National won considerable support for opposing the "industrial anarchy" of the 1951 waterfront dispute.[48] In the 1957 election, however, Labour won a narrow majority of two seats, and returned to office.

### Second Government (1957–1960)

[edit]

Main article: Second Labour Government of New Zealand

Nash, Labour's third prime minister, took office in late 1957. Upon coming to power, Labour decided that drastic measures were needed to address balance-of-payments concerns.[49] This resulted in the highly unpopular 1958 "Black Budget" of Arnold Nordmeyer, the new minister of finance, which raised taxes on alcohol, cigarettes, cars, and petrol.[50] It is widely thought[by whom?] to have doomed the party to defeat despite the economy rejuvenating less than a year after the adoption of the Black Budget.[50] In the 1960 election, the National Party returned to power.

Leader Norman Kirk opening Labour's election campaign in 1966

The elderly Nash retired in 1963, suffering from ill health.[51] Nordmeyer replaced him, but the taint of the Black Budget ensured that Nordmeyer did not have any appreciable success in reversing the party's fortunes. In 1965 the leadership went to the younger Norman Kirk, who many believed would revitalise the party. Labour suffered defeat again in the next two elections, but in the 1972 election, the party gained a significant majority over its rival.

### Third Government (1972–1975)

[edit]

Main article: Third Labour Government of New Zealand

Kirk proved an energetic prime minister and introduced a number of new policies. His foreign-policy stances included strong criticism of nuclear-weapons testing and of South Africa's apartheid system. However, Kirk suffered from poor health, worsened by his refusal to slow the pace of his work. In 1974 Kirk was taken ill and died. Bill Rowling replaced him, but did not have the same electoral appeal – in the 1975 election, Labour was heavily defeated by the National Party, then led by Robert Muldoon.[52]

Party logo from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s

Rowling remained the leader of the Labour Party for some time after his defeat. In the 1978 election and the 1981 election Labour won a larger share of the vote than National but failed to win an equivalent number of seats. This led to a very heated debate on New Zealand's electoral system, and precipitated the introduction of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) fifteen years later.[53] Rowling himself was compared by media unfavourably to Muldoon, and did not cope well with Muldoon's aggressive style. In 1983 Rowling was replaced as parliamentary leader by David Lange, whom the parliamentary caucus perceived as more charismatic.[54] In the snap election of 1984, Labour decisively defeated the National Party.

### Fourth Government (1984–1990)

[edit]

Main article: Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

The free-market policies of David Lange's government deviated sharply from those of previous Labour governments

When the Fourth Labour Government came into power it uncovered a fiscal crisis that had been largely hidden by the outgoing Third National Government.[55] Government debt was skyrocketing, due largely to the costs of borrowing to maintain a fixed exchange-rate. When the result of the election became clear, Lange asked Muldoon to devalue the New Zealand dollar, which Muldoon refused to do, resulting in a constitutional crisis and precipitating some of the changes in the Constitution Act 1986.[56]

The economic-policy agenda of the Fourth Labour Government differed significantly from previous Labour governments. The minister of finance, Roger Douglas, supported neoliberal theories, and sought to implement sweeping free-market reforms (dubbed "Rogernomics") to the economy and to the tax system.[57][58] This involved floating the New Zealand dollar, cutting government spending, reducing taxes and removing almost all industry subsidies.[58] The government also revolutionised New Zealand's foreign policy, making the country a nuclear-free zone, which resulted in suspension from the ANZUS alliance.[59] Labour liberalised immigration policy and promoted migration from Asia.[60]

Other innovations during the term of the Fourth Labour Government included extending the jurisdiction of the Waitangi Tribunal back to 1840 (the date of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi); the Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986, which legalised homosexual relations; and the Bill of Rights Act, which enumerated civil and political rights. Throughout its first term (1984–1987), the Labour government remained largely unified behind the enacted radical financial, economic and social policy reforms, but early signs of dissension began to appear before the 1987 election.[61]

In 1987 Labour won another considerable election victory against the National Party, while ruptures over the direction of policy remained concealed. Labour took votes in affluent seats where it had never come remotely close to winning even at high-tide elections. In the biggest shock of all, it came within 400 votes of taking thr blue-ribbon seat of Remuera off National. At the same time, Labour suffered negative swings in more traditional seats. The government's second term (1987–1990), with an increased Labour majority won on the back of Lange's anti-nuclear stance, saw emerging divisions over economic policy arising within Cabinet.[62] Ministers debated the extent and pace of further reforms, and there was disillusion among party members and supporters loyal to Labour's left-wing tradition.[63][64] The Council of Trade Unions criticised the Labour Party. One vocal member of Parliament critical of government policy, former Party President Jim Anderton, departed to establish the NewLabour Party, which later became a part of the left-wing Alliance Party.[62][64] At the same time Roger Douglas and Lange fought intermittent battles inside Cabinet, with Douglas wanting to expand his economic programme dramatically. Lange strongly opposed a flat-tax proposal from Douglas and moved to sack him, resulting in political clashes throughout 1988 and the departure of Douglas from the Cabinet in December 1988. After the Labour Caucus re-elected Douglas to Cabinet on 3 August 1989, Lange resigned from office himself (8 August 1989), interpreting Douglas's reappointment as a vote of no confidence in his leadership.[65]

Geoffrey Palmer became the new prime minister.[65] However, Palmer failed to rebuild the shattered remnants of Lange's government and in September 1990, Mike Moore replaced him. Despite Moore's ascension somewhat salvaging poll-ratings, Labour suffered its worst defeat since it first took office in 1935 (losing twenty-eight seats) as voters flung it into the political wilderness in a massive landslide.[64] National swept to power, seemingly repudiating the Lange/Douglas program, but then engaged in even more radical policies than Labour had contemplated. Political disillusionment caused by both governments was to be instrumental in the later adoption of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) in 1993 (implemented in 1996).[66][67]

Moore himself, despite recovering sixteen seats at the 1993 election, was replaced by Helen Clark in December 1993. Clark led the party in opposition to the National government for six years under the administrations of Jim Bolger (1993–1997) and Jenny Shipley (1997–1999). During this period in opposition, the party made a measured repudiation of Rogernomics, although it has never returned to its original leftist roots (Labour's contemporary position is left-of-centre).[5][6] When the 1996 election, the first conducted under the MMP electoral system, gave the balance of power to the centrist New Zealand First party, many believed that Labour would return to power, but in the end New Zealand First formed a coalition arrangement with the National Party. Despite initially appearing coherent, the coalition became increasingly unstable and eventually collapsed, leaving the National Party to govern as a minority government from 1998 to 1999.

### Fifth Government (1999–2008)

[edit]

Main article: Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand

Helen Clark, Labour Prime Minister from 1999 to 2008

After the 1999 election, a minority coalition government of Labour and the Alliance took power, supported by the Green Party with Helen Clark becoming New Zealand's second female prime minister.[68] This government, while undertaking a number of reforms, was not particularly radical when compared to previous Labour governments, and maintained a high level of popularity.[69][70] The Alliance, however, fell in popularity and split internally. Clark cited the Alliance split as one of the reasons for calling the 2002 election several months early; Labour won comfortably.[71]

Policies of the Fifth Labour Government included the KiwiSaver scheme,[72] the Working for Families package, increasing the minimum wage 5% a year, interest-free student loans, the establishment of district health boards, the introduction of a number of tax credits, overhauling the secondary-school qualifications system by introducing the NCEA, and the introduction of fourteen weeks' parental leave.[73] Labour also supported the Civil Union Act 2004, which legalised civil unions for same-sex and opposite-sex couples.[74]

The foreign policy of the Fifth Labour Government strongly reflected liberal internationalist doctrine, with a particular emphasis on promoting democracy and human rights, advocating for antimilitarism and disarmament, and encouragement of free trade.[75] In 2003, the government opposed New Zealand military action in the Iraq War.[76]

In early 2004 Labour came under attack in the foreshore and seabed controversy.[77] Significant internal tensions within the party eventually culminated in the resignation of junior minister Tariana Turia and her establishment of the new Māori Party.[78]

Party logo in 2008

Following the 2005 election, Labour formed a minority coalition with the Progressive Party (breakaway party of the old Alliance), and entered into complex confidence and supply agreements with the centrist United Future and populist New Zealand First parties, which gave each party's leader a ministerial portfolio, while the support parties remained outside the Cabinet. A limited support agreement also linked Labour with the Green Party, giving certain policy concessions to the Greens in return for abstention on confidence-and-supply votes. Labour lost power when the National Party soundly defeated it in the 2008 election.

### In opposition (2008–2017)

[edit]

Then-leader Phil Goff with future leader Jacinda Ardern and Carol Beaumont at a 2010 anti-mining march in Auckland

Following the loss to the National Party in the November 2008 election, Helen Clark stood down as leader of the party[79] – Phil Goff succeeded her (serving from 2008–2011).[80] Labour had a relatively high turnover of four leaders during its most recent term in opposition; journalist Nicky Hager has attributed this to Labour's reaction to changes within public media and the political environment.[81] Goff led Labour into a second electoral defeat in 2011 and was succeeded by David Shearer, who led the Labour parliamentary from 2011 to 2013.[82]

Shearer resigned after losing the confidence of caucus. David Cunliffe (2013–2014) assumed the leadership after the 2013 leadership election in which, under new rules, members and unions held 60% of the vote.[83][84] Most of the Labour caucus disliked Cunliffe, but he had strong support from the party membership. In the leadership contest he won first-preference votes from only one-third of Labour MPs.[84]

Cunliffe's tenure as leader quickly became mired in internal disputes and falling poll-ratings. Labour went on to suffer its worst electoral reversal since 1922 at the 2014 election, Cunliffe opted to resign after initially wishing to re-contest the leadership. His replacement, Andrew Little (2014–2017), then resigned in 2017 following new polling showing the party sinking to a record low result of 24%, with internal voices hoping that rising star Jacinda Ardern would take over in his stead.[85]

The caucus confirmed Ardern as the new Labour leader (2017–2023).[85][86] After Ardern's election to its parliamentary leadership Labour rose dramatically in opinion polls. By late August they had risen to 43% in one poll (having been 24% under Little's leadership), as well as managing to overtake National in opinion polls for the first time in over a decade.[87]

### Sixth Government (2017–2023)

[edit]

Main article: Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand

Jacinda Ardern, Labour Prime Minister from 2017 to 2023 Chris Hipkins, Labour Prime Minister in 2023

During the 2017 election, Labour gained 36.6% of the party vote and increased its presence in the House of Representatives to 46 seats, making it the second-largest party in Parliament.[17] On 19 October 2017, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters announced that his party would form a coalition government with Labour,[88] citing changing international and internal economic circumstances as the reasoning behind his decision,[89] coupled with a belief that a Labour government was best-placed to handle the social and economic welfare of New Zealanders in a global environment that was undergoing rapid and "seismic" change.[90] This coalition, combined with confidence and supply from the Green Party,[91] saw Labour return to government for the first time since 2008. Ardern became prime minister, with Peters as her deputy.[92]

The Labour government pledged to eliminate child poverty, make tertiary education free, reduce immigration by 20,000 to 30,000, decriminalise abortion, and make all rivers swimmable within 10 years.[90] Notable policies, programmes and legislation during the 2017-2020 term included scrapping the previous National Government's national standards in schools and charter schools, the KiwiBuild affordable housing programme, restricting oil and gas exploration, banning semi-automatic firearms, restoring voting rights for prisoners serving less than three years and decriminalising abortion.[93][94][95][96][97][98][99] The Labour Government also adopted an elimination approach towards the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, instituting lockdowns and closing the border.[100][101] Both Labour and Prime Minister Ardern attracted high domestic poll ratings due to their initial COVID-19 responses in 2020.[102][103]

In mid-July 2020, the Serious Fraud Office announced that it was investigating donations made to the Labour Party by two Chinese businessmen during the 2017 general election. Labour Party President Claire Szabó announced that the party would co-operate with the investigation.[104][105] The 2017-2020 term saw several ministerial resignations for various indiscretions, notably Phil Twyford, Clare Curran, Meka Whaitiri and David Clark.[106][107][108]

In the 2020 election, Labour gained 50% of the party vote and increased its presence in the House of Representatives to 65 seats, marking the first time that a party has won enough seats to govern alone since the introduction of the MMP system in 1996. Described as a "landslide" victory[18] in which the party won the party vote in "virtually every single electorate", Labour is believed[by whom?] to have gained support from swing voters, many of whom had previously voted for National under John Key.[109][110][111] On 20 October, Newshub reported that Ardern was not intending to forge a formal coalition with the Green Party but was exploring the possibility of a lower-level support arrangement due to Labour's large parliamentary majority.[112] Following prolonged negotiations, the Green Party agreed to enter into a cooperation agreement with the Labour Party on 31 October and received two ministerial portfolios in return. Despite this landslide victory Labour faced criticism from economists due to the government's lack of action on New Zealand's housing affordability crisis, despite it being a key feature of Labour's 2017 election campaign.[113]

Notable policies, programmes and legislations during the 2020-2023 term included the Clean Car rebate programme, making the Māori New Year Matariki a public holiday, banning conversion therapy, replacing the district health boards with a national health service called Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand), passing smokefree legislation banning the sale of tobacco to anyone born after 1 January 2009, repealing "three strikes" legislation, and banning live animal exports.[114][115][116][117][118][119] In terms of foreign policy, the Labour Government supported Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, sanctioned Russia, signed free trade agreements with both the United Kingdom and European Union, and advocated restraint in response to the Israel-Hamas War.[120][121][122][123]

The Government also implemented several co-governance arrangements in the public sector including entrenching Māori wards and constituencies in local government, the Three Waters reform programme, and creating Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority).[124][125][126] Following a major COVID-19 outbreak in August 2021,[127] the Labour Government abandoned its elimination strategy and gradually eased lockdown, border restrictions, vaccine mandates and masking requirements between 2021 and 2022.[128][129][130] During that period, growing opposition to lockdowns and vaccine mandates led to the emergence of several anti-vaccination protest groups including Voices for Freedom and Brian Tamaki's The Freedoms and Rights Coalition, culminating in the 2022 occupation of Parliament's grounds.[131][132][133]

On 19 January 2023, Ardern announced her resignation as party leader and therefore prime minister.[134] In the resultant leadership election Chris Hipkins was the only candidate and was confirmed as the new Labour leader on 22 January.[135] Hipkins' premiership saw a shift in focus to "cost of living issues" and a "policy bonfire" that saw the scrapping or revision of several Government policies and initiatives including the planned merger of public broadcasters RNZ and TVNZ, a biofuel mandate, lowering the voting age to 16 years and the Clean Car Upgrade programme.[136][137] Hipkins' government also responded to two natural disasters, the 2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods and Cyclone Gabrielle, which devastated Auckland and the east coast of the North Island.[138][139][140] Prior to the dissolution of Parliament, the Labour Government passed two laws as part of efforts to replace the Resource Management Act 1991.[141][142]

The 2020-2023 term saw the expulsion of Labour MP Gaurva Sharma, the resignations of ministers Stuart Nash and Kiri Allan, and ministers Michael Wood and Jan Tinetti being disciplined by Parliament's privileges committee.[143][144][145][146] The 2023 NZ general election, held on 14 October 2023, saw the Labour government lose its majority to the opposition National Party.[147][19] Based on final results, Labour's share of the popular vote declined to 26.91% while its share of Parliamentary seats dropped to 34.[148][149]

### In opposition, 2023-present

[edit]

Main article: Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins

In early November 2023, caretaker Prime Minister Chris Hipkins was re-elected as leader of the Labour Party and Carmel Sepuloni was elected as deputy leader.[150] In early 2024, three veteran Labour MPs Kelvin Davis, Rino Tirikatene and Grant Robertson resigned from Parliament, allowing Shanan Halbert, Tracey McLellan and Glen Bennett to re-enter Parliament via the party list.[151][152] In April 2024, Labour called for New Zealand to recognise Palestinian statehood.[153] In February 2024, two Labour MPs questioned whether New Zealand should be entering the non-nuclear component of the AUKUS, with foreign affairs spokesperson Phil Twyford describing it as an "offensive warfighting alliance against China."[154] At the Labour Party's annual conference in 2024, held between 29 November and 1 December, Chris Hipkins announced that under a Labour government, New Zealand would not be a part of AUKUS, saying that any government he leads would "restore New Zealand's proudly independent foreign policy."[155]

## Ideology

[edit]

The New Zealand Labour Party's founding 1916 policy objectives called for "the socialisation of the means of production, distribution and exchange", including state ownership of major parts of the economy, and increased rights for workers.[11] While the socialist objective attracted support from some members, it also became a target for opponents who portrayed Labour as an extremist party. In the aftermath of World War II, Labour prioritised national unity over societal divisions, but after their defeat in 1949, many party members perceived the socialist objective as outdated and a hindrance to electoral success, leading to its abolition in 1951.[11] The party transformed into a moderate social-democratic party, focusing on reform within the democratic framework while maintaining ties with trade unions.[11][10][156]

By the late 1980s, the Labour Party had undergone significant ideological changes, leading to policies that frequently conflicted with the goals and interests of the union movement.[11] The Labour Government of the 1980s deviated sharply from a social-democratic path; in a series of economic reforms, the government removed a swathe of regulations and subsidies, privatised state assets, and introduced corporate practices to state services.[157]

The party's constitution and platform programme maintains its founding principle as democratic socialism,[158][9] while observers describe Labour's policies as social-democratic and pragmatic in practice.[10][11] From the 1990s onwards, Labour has again aimed to use the power of the state to try to achieve a "fairer and more equal society", based on a mixed economy in which both the state and private enterprise play a part.[11] Subsequently, the party has also been described as embracing certain social-liberal policies.[159][160]

### Principles

[edit]

According to its current constitution, the party accepts democratic socialist principles, including:[161]

* The management of New Zealand's natural resources for the benefit of all, including future generations.
* Equal access to all social, economic, cultural, political, and legal spheres, regardless of wealth or social position.
* Co-operation as the main governing factor in economic relations, to ensure a just distribution of wealth.
* Universal rights to dignity, self-respect, and the opportunity to work.
* The right to wealth and property, subject to the provisos of regarding people as always more important than property and the obligations of the state to ensure a just distribution of wealth.
* Honouring Te Tiriti o Waitangi / the Treaty of Waitangi as the founding document of New Zealand.
* The promotion of peace and social justice throughout the world by international co-operation.
* Equality in human rights regardless of race, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, religious faith, political belief or disability.

### Voter base

[edit]

Historically, the party drew upon a stable sectional voter base comprising the urban working class, predominantly manual labourers and trade unionists. From the 1930s onwards, Labour has increasingly positioned itself as a broad-based party by responding and adapting to different social and economic problems and changing demographics (appealing to an expanding migrant population and a diversified ethnic, social make-up).[11] Beginning in the 1980s, there was a shift away from class-issues and towards the promotion of individual freedoms, particularly for members of disadvantaged groups such as women and Māori. The modern party's core support base lies among young people, urban workers, civil servants, and minorities (particularly the Māori and Pasifika communities).[162][163]

## Organisation

[edit]

### Party structure

[edit]

#### General and special branches

[edit]

Party membership is tied into geographically-based branches in each parliamentary electorate. General branches must consist of at least 10 members aged 15 or over.[164] Members may also form special branches where they have a special community of interest (such as university students and academics, young people, women, Māori people, Pasifika, multicultural groups, people with disabilities, the LGBT community, and industrial workers).[164] Influential branches include Princes Street Labour (this Auckland university branch is described as the "ideological powerhouse of the party",[165] and has contributed many prominent Labour politicians) and Vic Labour (the Victoria University of Wellington branch).[166]

As this graph (compiled from multiple sources spanning 1917 to 2002) shows, the party's membership has fluctuated greatly, broadly in line with the terms of office of Labour governments

Membership figures are rarely released to the public. Full (non-affiliate) membership is known to have peaked at 55,000 in 1976. During the 1980s and 1990s, party membership plummeted to levels not seen since before the First Labour Government. This decline might be attributed to disillusionment on the part of some members with the economic policies of the Fourth Labour Government ("Rogernomics"). Membership figures began to recover under Helen Clark's leadership, with 14,000 members recorded in 2002.[167]

#### Conference, councils and committees

[edit]

Delegates from all branches in the electorate, together with delegates from affiliated unions, make up the Labour Electorate Committee (LEC). The LEC is responsible for party organisation in the electorate.[164] The party is divided into six regional areas, which each year convene a Regional Conference.[168] Policy and other matters are debated and passed onto the Annual Conference.[164]

The Annual Conference (called Congress in election years) is the supreme governing body of the Labour Party when it is in session. All constituent bodies of the party are entitled to send delegates to Annual Conference.[164]

The New Zealand Council is the Labour Party's governing executive.[168] It ensures that the party is governed effectively according to its constitution. The NZ Council consists of the president, two senior vice presidents (one of which must be Māori), three vice presidents (representing women, affiliates, and Pacific Islanders), seven regional representatives, one Policy Council representative, three Caucus representatives, and the general secretary.[164]

The Policy Council, responsible for the development of the policy platform and election manifesto,[9] is elected for a three-year term following each general election. The party structure also provides for Special Interest Group Councils: representing the affiliates, women's issues, Māori issues, Pacific Islands, primary industries, local government, and youth.[164]

#### Caucus and parliamentary leadership

[edit]

Leader Chris Hipkins (in 2022)

The elected members representing the Labour Party in the House of Representatives meet as the Parliamentary Labour Party, also called the Caucus. The current parliamentary leader is Chris Hipkins (since 22 January 2023).[169] A leadership election is triggered upon the vacancy of the position of leader or a motion of no confidence. Candidates are nominated from within the Caucus. Under Labour Party rules, party members have 40% of the votes, MPs have another 40% of the votes, and affiliated unions have 20% of the votes.[164] Some observers[who?] have criticised the influence of the unions in leadership elections.[170]

### Affiliated trade unions

[edit]

In the first decades of the 20th century, manufacturing industries grew strongly in New Zealand's main cities and union membership also increased. The Labour Party was formed in this period as the political wing of the labour movement and was financed by trade unions. Since then, the unions have retained close institutional links with the party. In 2023 there were 11 affiliated unions, which paid a levy to the party based on the size of their own memberships.[168] Generally, members of these unions are also affiliated members of the Labour Party. Affiliates receive a percentage of the vote in party leadership elections.[170]

In addition, the president of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions continues to speak at the Labour Party Annual Conference.[171]

### Young Labour

[edit]

Main article: New Zealand Young Labour

Young Labour is the party's youth wing. It exists to organise young party members (and young members of affiliated unions) aged under 30,[172] and encourage wider involvement of young New Zealanders in centre-left politics. Young Labour is the most active sector in the Labour Party and plays a significant role in policy development and campaign efforts. It is endearingly called the "conscience of the party".[173]

In March 2018, it was reported that four people under 16 were allegedly sexually assaulted at a Young Labour summer camp in February. The camp was said to have "mountains of alcohol", and people under the legal drinking age of 18 were said to have consumed alcohol. Although Young Labour and the Labour Party were aware of the allegations, party leadership failed to tell the Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern. The party offered counselling and support after the allegations were publicly reported.[174][175] An independent review into the party's conduct and sexual assault complaint policy was announced by Party President Nigel Haworth, and was completed late August. The party has declined to release the report to the public.[176]

### Local government

[edit]

Labour Party members, including current and former MPs, have contested various local government positions throughout New Zealand during local body elections. While several have stood as Labour Party candidates, others have contested the elections as independent politicians.

#### Auckland

[edit]

Labour has contested the Auckland local body elections alongside City Vision, a left-leaning electoral ticket representing the local Labour, Green parties and other progressives.[177] Following the 2022 Auckland local elections, the Auckland Council had four councillors serving under the Labour ticket and one serving under the affiliated City Vision ticket.[178] In addition, 26 Labour Party candidates were elected to local community boards across Auckland while four Labour candidates were elected to local licensing trusts in the Auckland Region. Meanwhile, seven City Vision local board members and three City Vision liquor licensing trust members were also elected.[179][180]

Former Labour MP and cabinet minister Phil Goff served as mayor of Auckland for two terms between 2016 and 2022.[181][182]

#### Christchurch

[edit]

In Christchurch, former Labour MP and cabinet minister Lianne Dalziel served for three terms as mayor between 2013 and 2022. She ran as an independent[183][184]

Within the Christchurch City Council, Labour maintains an umbrella, including community independents called The People's Choice (formerly Christchurch 2021).[185] During the 2019 Christchurch local elections, People's Choice candidates held 10 community board seats, seven council seats, and several community board chairmanships.[186]

#### Dunedin

[edit]

On 26 February 2016, Dunedin city councillor and former Labour MP David Benson-Pope announced that he would be contesting the Dunedin local elections in October under the "Local Labour" ticket. While still a Labour Party member, Benson Pope had stood in the 2013 local elections as an independent candidate. This report coincided with the dissolution of the city's main local body ticket, the centre-left Greater Dunedin group.[187] On 20 April, it was reported that the Labour Party had dropped its plan to field a bloc of candidates in the 2016 Dunedin elections. However, the party has not ruled out endorsing other candidates.[188]

During the 2019 local elections, Steve Walker and Marian Hobbs were elected to the Dunedin City Council and Otago Regional Council respectively on Labour Party tickets.[189][190] Hobbs subsequently resigned from the Otago Regional Council in November 2021.[191]

During the 2022 Dunedin local elections, Steve Walker and Joy Davis stood as Labour candidates for the Dunedin City Council. While Walker was re-elected, Davis failed to win a seat.[192]

#### New Plymouth

[edit]

In New Plymouth, former MP Harry Duynhoven served as mayor from 2010 to 2013, when he was defeated by Andrew Judd.[193]

#### Palmerston North

[edit]

Beginning in 2016, the Labour Party began contesting the Palmerston North local elections, ending a long tradition of keeping national party political affiliations out of local government bodies. During the 2016 local elections, Lorna Johnson was elected on the Labour Party ticket to the Palmerston North City Council. During the 2019 local elections, she was joined by Zulfiqar Butt, who also stood on the Labour ticket.[194] During the 2022 local elections, Johnson was re-elected to the Palmerston North City Council but Butt was defeated.[195]

#### Rotorua

[edit]

Former Rotorua electorate then Labour list MP Steve Chadwick, was elected as mayor of Rotorua in the 2013 elections. She stood as an independent.[196] She served for three terms before resigning in 2022.[197]

#### Wellington Region

[edit]

During the 2022 Wellington local elections, four Labour Party councillors were elected: Ben McNulty – Northern Ward, Rebecca Matthews – Onslow-Western Ward, Teri O'Neill – Eastern Ward, and Nureddin Abdurahman – Southern Ward. Labour MP Paul Eagle unsuccessfully contested the 2022 Wellington City mayoral election but came third place.[198]

Daran Ponter of the Wellington City ward on the Greater Wellington Regional Council was the only councillor to have been re-elected on a Labour ticket during the 2022 Wellington local election.[199]

Campbell Barry has been the mayor of Lower Hutt since 2019 and was re-elected on the Labour ticket along with Wainuiomata ward councilor Keri Brown during the 2022 Hutt City Council elections.[200][201]

#### Whanganui

[edit]

In Whanganui, Labour member Hamish McDouall served two terms as mayor until he was defeated by Andrew Tripe during the 2022 local elections.[202] McDouall had previously contested the seat of Whanganui for the party. McDouall ran on an independent ticket.[203]

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### House of Representatives

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position  | Status

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1919 | Harry Holland | 131,402  | 24.25%  |

8 / 80

|  8  |  3rd  | Opposition
1922 | 150,448  | 23.70%  |

17 / 80

|  9  |  3rd  | Opposition
1925 | 184,650  | 27.20%  |

12 / 80

|  5  |  2nd  | Opposition
1928 | 198,092  | 26.19%  |

19 / 80

|  7  |  2nd  | Coalition
1931 | 244,881  | 34.27%  |

24 / 80

|  5  |  2nd  | Opposition
1935 | Michael Joseph Savage | 434,368  | 46.17%  |

53 / 80

|  29  |  1st  | Majority
1938 | 528,290  | 55.82%  |

53 / 80

|  |  1st  | Majority
1943 | Peter Fraser | 522,189  | 47.6%  |

45 / 80

|  8  |  1st  | Majority
1946 | 536,994  | 51.28%  |

42 / 80

|  3  |  1st  | Majority
1949 | 506,073  | 47.16%  |

34 / 80

|  8  |  2nd  | Opposition
1951 | Walter Nash | 473,146  | 45.8%  |

30 / 80

|  4  |  2nd  | Opposition
1954 | 481,631  | 44.1%  |

35 / 80

|  5  |  2nd  | Opposition
1957 | 531,740  | 48.31%  |

41 / 80

|  6  |  1st  | Majority
1960 | 420,084  | 43.4%  |

34 / 80

|  7  |  2nd  | Opposition
1963 | Arnold Nordmeyer | 383,205  | 43.7%  |

35 / 80

|  1  |  2nd  | Opposition
1966 | Norman Kirk | 382,756  | 41.44%  |

35 / 80

|  |  2nd  | Opposition
1969 | 464,346  | 44.2%  |

39 / 84

|  4  |  2nd  | Opposition
1972 | 677,669  | 48.37%  |

55 / 87

|  16  |  1st  | Majority
1975 | Bill Rowling | 634,453  | 39.56%  |

32 / 87

|  23  |  2nd  | Opposition
1978 | 691,076  | 40.41%  |

40 / 92

|  8  |  2nd  | Opposition
1981 | 702,630  | 39.01%  |

43 / 91

|  3  |  2nd  | Opposition
1984 | David Lange | 829,154  | 42.98%  |

56 / 95

|  13  |  1st  | Majority
1987 | 878,448  | 47.96%  |

57 / 97

|  1  |  1st  | Majority
1990 | Mike Moore | 640,915  | 35.14%  |

29 / 97

|  28  |  2nd  | Opposition
1993 | 666,759  | 34.68%  |

45 / 99

|  16  |  2nd  | Opposition
1996 | Helen Clark | 584,159  | 28.19%  |

37 / 120

|  8  |  2nd  | Opposition
1999 | 800,199  | 38.74%  |

49 / 120

|  12  |  1st  | Coalition
2002 | 838,219  | 41.26%  |

52 / 120

|  3  |  1st  | Coalition
2005 | 935,319  | 41.10%  |

50 / 121

|  2  |  1st  | Coalition
2008 | 796,880  | 33.99%  |

43 / 122

|  7  |  2nd  | Opposition
2011 | Phil Goff | 614,936  | 27.48%  |

34 / 121

|  9  |  2nd  | Opposition
2014 | David Cunliffe | 604,534  | 25.13%  |

32 / 121

|  2  |  2nd  | Opposition
2017 | Jacinda Ardern | 956,184  | 36.89%  |

46 / 120

|  14  |  2nd  | Coalition
2020 | 1,443,546  | 50.01%  |

65 / 120

|  19  |  1st  | Majority
2023 | Chris Hipkins | 767,236  | 26.91%  |

34 / 123

|  31  |  2nd  | Opposition
Source: Electoral Commission

Labour did not contest every electorate until 1946, when it stood candidates in all 80 electorates.[204] According to the National Executive reports,[205] the number of official candidates in 1919 is uncertain (53 or possibly 46). The party ran 41 candidates in 1922; 56 in 1925; 55 in 1928; 53 in 1931; 70 in 1935; 78 in 1938; and 77 in 1943. Labour did not run against independent candidates who voted with Labour, such as Harry Atmore in Nelson and David McDougall in Mataura, Southland. Labour did not run candidates against the two Country Party candidates in 1935, but did in 1938, when both candidates were defeated.

### Māori electorates

[edit]

Election  | Seats  | +/–

|
|

1919 |

0 / 4

| new
1922 |

0 / 4

|  0
1925 |

0 / 4

|  0
1928 |

0 / 4

|  0
1931 |

0 / 4

|  0
1935 |

0 / 4

|  0
1938 |

3 / 4

|  3
1943 |

4 / 4

|  1
1946 |

4 / 4

|  0
1949 |

4 / 4

|  0
1951 |

4 / 4

|  0
1954 |

4 / 4

|  0
1957 |

4 / 4

|  0
1960 |

4 / 4

|  0
1963 |

4 / 4

|  0
1966 |

4 / 4

|  0
1969 |

4 / 4

|  0
1972 |

4 / 4

|  0
1975 |

4 / 4

|  0
1978 |

4 / 4

|  0
1981 |

4 / 4

|  0
1984 |

4 / 4

|  0
1987 |

4 / 4

|  0
1990 |

4 / 4

|  0
1993 |

3 / 4

|  1
1996 |

0 / 5

|  3
1999 |

6 / 6

|  6
2002 |

7 / 7

|  1
2005 |

3 / 7

|  4
2008 |

2 / 7

|  1
2011 |

3 / 7

|  1
2014 |

6 / 7

|  3
2017 |

7 / 7

|  1
2020 |

6 / 7

|  1
2023 |

1 / 7

|  5

## Leadership

[edit]

For detailed lists, see Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party and Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party.

The Labour Party has had 17 leaders, 11 of whom have served as prime minister. To date, Helen Clark served longest as leader of the Labour Party. While some dispute exists as to when Harry Holland officially became leader, Clark had passed his longest possible leadership term by 26 October 2008.[206]

### List of leaders

[edit]

The following is a complete list of Labour Party leaders in the House of Representatives:
Key:
Labour Reform United National
PM: Prime Minister
LO: Leader of the Opposition
†: Died in office

No.  | Leader  | Portrait  | Term Began  | Term Ended  | Position  | Prime Minister

|
|
|
|
|
|

| 1  | Alfred Hindmarsh |  | 7 July 1916  | 13 November 1918†  | —  |  | Massey
| 2  | Harry Holland |  | 27 August 1919  | 8 October 1933†  | —
| Bell
LO 1926–1928 |  | Coates
Junior coalition partner
1928–1931 |  | Ward
LO 1931–1933 |  | Forbes
| 3  | Michael Joseph Savage |  | 12 October 1933  | 27 March 1940†  | LO 1933–1935
PM 1935–1940 |  | Savage
| 4  | Peter Fraser |  | 1 April 1940  | 12 December 1950†  | PM 1940–1949 |  | Fraser
LO 1949–1950 |  | Holland
| 5  | Walter Nash |  | 17 January 1951  | 31 March 1963  | LO 1951–1957 |
| Holyoake
PM 1957–1960 |  | Nash
LO 1960–1963 |  | Holyoake
| 6  | Arnold Nordmeyer |  | 1 April 1963  | 16 December 1965  | LO 1963–1965
| 7  | Norman Kirk |  | 16 December 1965  | 31 August 1974†  | LO 1965–1972 |
| Marshall
PM 1972–1974 |  | Kirk
| 8  | Bill Rowling |  | 6 September 1974  | 3 February 1983  | PM 1974–1975 |  | Rowling
LO 1975–1983 |  | Muldoon
| 9  | David Lange |  | 3 February 1983  | 8 August 1989  | LO 1983–1984
PM 1984–1989 |  | Lange
| 10  | Geoffrey Palmer |  | 8 August 1989  | 4 September 1990  | PM 1989–1990 |  | Palmer
| 11  | Mike Moore |  | 4 September 1990  | 1 December 1993  | PM 1990 |  | Moore
LO 1990–1993 |  | Bolger
| 12  | Helen Clark |  | 1 December 1993  | 11 November 2008  | LO 1993–1999 |
| Shipley
PM 1999–2008 |  | Clark
| 13  | Phil Goff |  | 11 November 2008  | 13 December 2011  | LO 2008–2011 |  | Key
| 14  | David Shearer |  | 13 December 2011  | 15 September 2013  | LO 2011–2013
| 15  | David Cunliffe |  | 15 September 2013  | 30 September 2014  | LO 2013–2014
| 16  | Andrew Little |  | 18 November 2014  | 1 August 2017  | LO 2014–2017
|  | English
| 17  | Jacinda Ardern |  | 1 August 2017  | 22 January 2023  | LO 2017
PM 2017–2023 |  | Ardern
| 18  | Chris Hipkins |  | 22 January 2023  | Incumbent | PM 2023 |  | Hipkins
LO 2023–present |  | Luxon

### List of deputy leaders

[edit]

The following is a complete list of Labour Party deputy leaders:

No.  | Deputy leader  | Term

|
|

1 | James McCombs | 1919–1923
2 | Michael Joseph Savage | 1923–1933
3 | Peter Fraser | 1933–1940
4 | Walter Nash | 1940–1950
5 | Jerry Skinner | 1951–1962
6 | Fred Hackett | 1962–1963
7 | Hugh Watt | 1963–1974
8 | Bob Tizard | 1974–1979
9 | David Lange | 1979–1983
10 | Geoffrey Palmer | 1983–1989
11 | Helen Clark | 1989–1993
12 | David Caygill | 1993–1996
13 | Michael Cullen | 1996–2008
14 | Annette King | 2008–2011
15 | Grant Robertson | 2011–2013
16 | David Parker | 2013–2014
14 | Annette King | 2014–2017
17 | Jacinda Ardern | 2017
18 | Kelvin Davis | 2017–2023
19 | Carmel Sepuloni | 2023–present

## List of presidents

[edit]

For detailed list, see President of the New Zealand Labour Party.

The following is a complete list of Labour Party presidents:[207]

No.  | President  | Term

|
|

1 | James McCombs | 1916–1917[208]
2 | Andrew Walker | 1917–1918[209]
3 | Tom Paul | 1918–1920[210]
4 | Peter Fraser | 1920–1921
5 | Frederick Cooke | 1921–1922
6 | Tom Brindle | 1922–1926
7 | Bob Semple | 1926–1928
8 | John Archer | 1928–1929
9 | Jim Thorn | 1929–1931[211]
10 | Rex Mason | 1931–1932
11 | Bill Jordan | 1932–1933
12 | Frank Langstone | 1933–1934
13 | Tim Armstrong | 1934–1935
14 | Walter Nash | 1935–1936
15 | Clyde Carr | 1936–1937
16 | James Roberts | 1937–1950[212]
17 | Arnold Nordmeyer | 1950–1955
18 | Michael Moohan | 1955–1960
19 | Martyn Finlay | 1960–1964
20 | Norman Kirk | 1964–1966
21 | Norman Douglas | 1966–1970
22 | Bill Rowling | 1970–1973
23 | Charles Bennett | 1973–1976[213]
24 | Arthur Faulkner | 1976–1978
25 | Jim Anderton | 1979–1984
26 | Margaret Wilson | 1984–1987
27 | Rex Jones | 1987–1988[214]
28 | Ruth Dyson | 1988–1993
29 | Maryan Street | 1993–1995
30 | Michael Hirschfeld | 1995–1999
31 | Bob Harvey | 1999–2000
32 | Mike Williams | 2000–2009
33 | Andrew Little | 2009–2011
34 | Moira Coatsworth | 2011–2015
35 | Nigel Haworth | 2015–2019
36 | Claire Szabó | 2019–2022[215]
37 | Jill Day | 2022–present[216]

## See also

[edit]

* New Zealand portal
* Organised labour portal
* Socialism portal

* City Vision, a prominent Auckland Council political ticket composed of Labour and Green Party members
* List of Labour parties
* List of New Zealand Labour Party MPs
* Politics of New Zealand
* Rainbow Labour

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Moir, Jo. "Labour appoints Rob Salmond as new general secretary". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
2. ^ a b "Parties & Organisations". Progressive Alliance. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
3. ^ "Election 2023: 'In It For You', Chris Hipkins launches slogan for Labour 2023 campaign".
4. ^ "Reipa – Māori Dictionary". maoridictionary.co.nz. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
5. ^ a b Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2003). New Zealand Votes: The General Election of 2002. Victoria University Press. p. 358.
6. ^ a b "Voters' preexisting opinions shift to align with political party positions". Association for Psychological Science. 2 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018 - via Science Daily.
7. ^ Papillon, Martin; Turgeon, Luc; Wallner, Jennifer; White, Stephen (2014). Comparing Canada: Methods and Perspectives on Canadian Politics. UBC Press. p. 126\. ISBN 9780774827867. Retrieved 30 August 2016. "[...] [I]n New Zealand politics, by the centre-left Labour Party and the centre-right National Party [...]."
8. ^ Khalil, Shaimaa (22 January 2023). "Chris Hipkins: Uphill battle looms for New Zealand's next PM". Wellington: BBC. Retrieved 22 January 2023. "...his centre-left Labour party."
9. ^ a b c "New Zealand Labour Party Policy Platform" (PDF). New Zealand Labour Party. March 2016. p. 5\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2017. "The Labour Party's values are based on our founding principle of Democratic Socialism."
10. ^ a b c d Clive Bean (2009). "New Zealand". In Mark N. Franklin; Thomas T. Mackie; Henry Valen (eds.). Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. ECPR Press. p. 285\. ISBN 978-0-9558203-1-1.
11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Aimer, Peter (1 June 2015). "Labour Party: Ideology and the role of unions". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
12. ^ a b "New Zealand Labour Party founded". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
13. ^ Miller 2005, pp. 32–33.
14. ^ "New Zealand – Political process | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
15. ^ Schwartz, Matthew (17 October 2020). "New Zealand PM Ardern Wins Re-Election In Best Showing For Labour Party In Decades". NPR. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
16. ^ Shaw, Richard; Hayward, Bronwyn; Vowles, Jack; Curtin, Jennifer; MacDonald, Lindsey (17 October 2020). "Jacinda Ardern and Labour returned in a landslide – 5 experts on a historic New Zealand election". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
17. ^ a b "2017 General Election – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
18. ^ a b "New Zealand election: Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party scores landslide win". BBC News. 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
19. ^ a b Corlett, Eva (14 October 2023). "New Zealand abandons Labour and shifts to the right as country votes for wholesale change". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
20. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. ix.
21. ^ "Returning to Labour's Roots". New Zealand Labour Party. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
22. ^ Derby, Mark (11 March 2010). "Strikes and labour disputes −1908 Blackball strike". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
23. ^ "History of the Labour Party: The labour movement in New Zealand". New Zealand Labour Party. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
24. ^ "Party information". New Zealand Labour Party. Retrieved 11 March 2022. "The Labour Party is part of a wider labour movement, which continues to help working Kiwis in New Zealand. We therefore have a relationship with our affiliated trade unions."
25. ^ Gustafson 1980, pp. 13f.
26. ^ Gustafson 1980, pp. 17f.
27. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 216.
28. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 19.
29. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 80.
30. ^ a b c McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Labour Party". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
31. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 13.
32. ^ a b "'Black Tuesday' – The 1912 Waihi strike". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
33. ^ "A Separate Identity". Sun. Vol. II, no. 438\. 6 July 1915. p. 11. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
34. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, pp. 70–71.
35. ^ Miller 2005, p. 30.
36. ^ a b c Derby, Mark (20 June 2012). "Conscription, conscientious objection and pacifism – Conscription". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
37. ^ Lipson 2011, p. 211.
38. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 18.
39. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 79.
40. ^ Aimer, Peter (20 June 2012). "Labour Party – First Labour government, 1935 to 1949". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
41. ^ Epstein, Richard A. (2001). "Employment and Labor Law Reform in New Zealand Lecture". Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. 33. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
42. ^ "Michael Joseph Savage". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
43. ^ "Rātana and Labour seal alliance – 22 April 1936". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
44. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 100.
45. ^ "John A Lee". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
46. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 133.
47. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 136.
48. ^ "The 1951 waterfront dispute". NZHistory. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
49. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 152.
50. ^ a b Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 154.
51. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 160.
52. ^ Franks & McAloon 2016, p. 184.
53. ^ "The Royal Commission". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
54. ^ "Wallace Rowling". nzhistory.govt.nz. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
55. ^ Miller 2005, pp. 38–39.
56. ^ "Patriated – History of the Governor-General". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
57. ^ Gray, Tim; Reardon, John (2007). "About Turn: An Analysis of the Causes of the New Zealand Labour Party's Adoption of Neo-Liberal Policies 1984–1990" (PDF). Political Quarterly. 78 (3): 447 455. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2007.00872.x.
58. ^ a b Easton, Brian (11 March 2010). "Economic history – Government and market liberalisation". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
59. ^ Lange, David (1990). Nuclear Free: The New Zealand Way. New Zealand: Penguin Books.
60. ^ Brawley, Sean (1993). "'No White Policy in NZ': Fact and Fiction in New Zealand's Asian Immigration Record, 1946–1978" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of History. 27 (1): 33–36.33-36&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Brawley&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1993/NZJH_27_1_03.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
61. ^ Holland-Boston 1988, p. ?.
62. ^ a b Miller 2005, p. 40.
63. ^ "Social welfare & the state: Labour wins the 1987 election". sites.tepapa.govt.nz. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
64. ^ a b c Vowles, Jack (2013). Voters' Vengeance: 1990 Election in New Zealand and the Fate of the Fourth Labour Government. Auckland University Press. pp. 14–15\. ISBN 978-1869407124.14-15&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1869407124&rft.aulast=Vowles&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UFeAwAAQBAJ&pg;=PT14&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
65. ^ a b Hubbard, Anthony (23 November 2013). "The Reluctant Prime Minister". Stuff. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
66. ^ Vowles, Jack (1995). "The Politics of Electoral Reform in New Zealand". International Political Science Review. 16 (1): 95–115\. doi:10.1177/019251219501600107. ISSN 0192-5121. JSTOR 1601171. S2CID 144488147.95-115&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0192-5121&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144488147#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1601171#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177/019251219501600107&rft.aulast=Vowles&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1601171&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
67. ^ "The road to MMP – The Royal Commission". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 18 June 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
68. ^ "Helen Clark". nzhistory.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
69. ^ Skilling, Peter (2010). "New Zealand's Fifth Labour Government (1999–2008): A New Partnership with Business and Society?". Labour History (98): 39–53\. doi:10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.39. ISSN 0023-6942. JSTOR 10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.39.39-53&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0023-6942&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.39#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.39&rft.aulast=Skilling&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.39&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
70. ^ Espiner, Colin (29 July 2014). "The prime of Helen Clark - steady as she goes". Stuff. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
71. ^ Geddis, Andrew (2004). "The General Election in New Zealand, July 2002". Electoral Studies. 23 (1): 149–155\. doi:10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2.149-155&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2&rft.aulast=Geddis&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
72. ^ "KiwiSaver Act 2006 No 40 (as at 01 April 2017), Public Act Contents". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
73. ^ Craig, Robert D. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Polynesia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0810867727.
74. ^ "Civil Union Bill – Procedure, Third Reading". New Zealand Parliament. 9 December 2004. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
75. ^ McCraw, David (2005). "New Zealand Foreign Policy Under the Clark Government: High Tide of Liberal Internationalism". Pacific Affairs. 78 (2): 217–235\. doi:10.5509/2005782217. hdl:10289/8178. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 40023914. Retrieved 16 February 2024.217-235&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info:hdl/10289/8178&rft.issn=0030-851X&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40023914#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.5509/2005782217&rft.aulast=McCraw&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40023914&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
76. ^ "NZ made 'right judgement' over Iraq". Radio New Zealand. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
77. ^ Barker, Fiona (June 2012). "Debate about the foreshore and seabed". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
78. ^ Dunne, Peter (18 January 2010). "What to do about that foreshore and seabed?". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
79. ^ "Clark stands down after Key wins NZ election". The New Zealand Herald. 8 November 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
80. ^ "Goff resignation sparks leader race". The New Zealand Herald. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
81. ^ Hager, Nicky, (2014). Dirty Politics: How Attack Politics in Poisoning New Zealand's Political Environment. Nelson: Craig Potton Publishing.
82. ^ "David Shearer quits". Stuff. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
83. ^ "Cunliffe wins Labour leadership". Stuff. 15 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
84. ^ a b EIU Digital Solutions (17 September 2013). "New Labour leader chosen". country.eiu.com. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
85. ^ a b Watkins, Tracy (1 August 2017). "Jacinda Ardern new Labour leader as Andrew Little quits". Stuff. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
86. ^ Graham, Charlotte (31 July 2017). "Jacinda Ardern Takes Over New Zealand Opposition as Election Looms". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
87. ^ "Little asked Ardern to lead six days before he resigned". The New Zealand Herald. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
88. ^ "Labour finally retake power after Winston Peters gives Jacinda Ardern his support". Stuff. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
89. ^ "Winston Peters on why he chose a Labour-led government". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
90. ^ a b Roy, Eleanor Ainge. "Jacinda Ardern to be New Zealand's next PM after Labour coalition deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
91. ^ "Green Party ratifies confidence and supply deal with Labour". The New Zealand Herald. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
92. ^ Young, Audrey (23 October 2017). "Winston Peters to become Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Minister". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
93. ^ Moir, Jo (12 December 2017). "National Standards have officially ended in primary schools across the country". Stuff. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
94. ^ Bracewell-Worrall, Anna (17 September 2018). "All NZ charter schools now approved to become state integrated". Newshub. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
95. ^ McBeth, Paul (14 December 2017). "KiwiBuild spearheads $42b capital spending programme". National Business Review. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
96. ^ "Oil, gas exploration move a 'kick in the guts' for Taranaki - mayor". Radio New Zealand. 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
97. ^ "Firearms Amendment Bill passes final reading in Parliament". Radio New Zealand. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
98. ^ Cooke, Henry (24 June 2020). "Bizarre scenes as Parliament legalises prisoner voting". Stuff. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
99. ^ "Abortion Legislation Bill passes third and final reading in Parliament". Radio New Zealand. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
100. ^ Palmer, Scott (28 March 2020). "Coronavirus: New Zealand goes to COVID-19 alert level 3". Newshub. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
101. ^ "Live - Everyone travelling to NZ from overseas to self-isolate". Radio New Zealand. 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
102. ^ "Pressure mounts as National falls to 29%, Labour skyrockets in 1 NEWS Colmar Brunton poll". 1 News. TVNZ. 21 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
103. ^ O'Brien, Tova (18 May 2020). "Newshub-Reid Research Poll: Jacinda Ardern goes stratospheric, Simon Bridges is annihilated". Newshub. MediaWorks TV. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
104. ^ Devlin, Collette (13 July 2020). "Serious Fraud Office investigation into donations made to Labour Party in 2017". Stuff. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
105. ^ Hurley, Sam (13 July 2020). "Serious Fraud Office launches investigation into Labour Party donations from 2017". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
106. ^ Watkins, Tracy; Moir, Jo (24 May 2018). "Minister Phil Twyford apologises for Civil Aviation breach". Stuff. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
107. ^ "Jacinda Ardern sacks Clare Curran from Cabinet, removes her from two portfolios after second failure to declare a meeting". 1News. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
108. ^ Manch, Thomas; Cooke, Henry (2 April 2020). "Health Minister drives to local park to ride his mountain bike, amid coronavirus lockdown". Stuff. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
109. ^ Henry, Cooke (8 August 2020). "Election 2020: Labour launches an extremely centrist campaign". Stuff. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
110. ^ Mclauchlan, Danyl (10 October 2020). "Labour has taken the centre. Is it a trap?". The Spinoff. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
111. ^ Shaw, Richard (19 October 2020). "Labour's single-party majority is not a failure of MMP, it is a sign NZ's electoral system is working". The Conversation. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
112. ^ O'Brien, Tova (20 October 2020). "Labour will not be forming a formal coalition with the Greens". Newshub. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
113. ^ Mitchell, Jonathan (12 January 2021). "Urgent government intervention needed to address housing supply shortage – economists". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
114. ^ McClure, Tess (14 June 2021). "New Zealand unveils $8,600 subsidy for electric vehicles to reduce emissions". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
115. ^ Green, Kate (30 September 2021). "Matariki Public Holiday Bill has first reading in Parliament". Stuff. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
116. ^ "Politicians react as bill to ban conversion therapy passes". Radio New Zealand. 15 February 2022. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
117. ^ "New Health System Act passes third reading in Parliament". 1News. TVNZ. 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
118. ^ Huang, Christina (9 August 2022). "Parliament votes to scrap three strikes law". 1News. TVNZ. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
119. ^ "Government passes bill to ban livestock exports by sea". Radio New Zealand. 28 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
120. ^ Ardern, Jacinda; Mahuta, Nanaia (24 February 2022). "Aotearoa New Zealand condemns Russian invasion of Ukraine". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
121. ^ "Parliament unanimously passes Russia Sanctions Bill". Radio New Zealand. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
122. ^ "New Zealand signs free trade deal with UK to eliminate all tariffs for NZ exports". Radio New Zealand. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
123. ^ Patterson, Jane (10 July 2023). "New Zealand signs free trade deal with European Union after years of negotiations". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
124. ^ Scotcher, Katie (24 February 2021). "Māori wards amendment bill passes final reading in Parliament". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
125. ^ Manch, Thomas (27 October 2021). "Government pushes ahead with Three Waters reform, will take water services from councils". Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
126. ^ "Government announces team leading new Health NZ and Māori Health Authority". Radio New Zealand. 23 September 2021. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
127. ^ "Covid-19 coronavirus: New Zealand going into lockdown - what you can and can't do under level 4". The New Zealand Herald. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
128. ^ Corlett, Eva (4 October 2021). "New Zealand Covid elimination strategy to be phased out, Ardern says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
129. ^ "New Zealand border reopening fully from end of July". Radio New Zealand. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
130. ^ "Covid-19 traffic light system scrapped: All you need to know". The New Zealand Herald. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
131. ^ Satherley, Dan (29 July 2021). "Anti-vaccination group Voices for Freedom booted off Facebook for spreading COVID-19 misinformation". Newshub. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
132. ^ Somerville, Troes (2 November 2021). "Covid-19: Destiny Church denies making profit from protest group's anti-lockdown merchandise". Stuff. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
133. ^ Spoonley, Paul (1 March 2022). "The extremism visible at the parliament protest has been growing in NZ for years – is enough being done?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
134. ^ "Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern resigning in February, announces election 2023 will be held on October 14". Newshub. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
135. ^ Daalder, Marc (22 January 2023). "Hipkins promises focus on 'bread and butter issues'". Newsroom. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
136. ^ "New PM spreads $718m in 'bread and butter' cost-of-living support". Inside Government NZ. JSL Media. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
137. ^ "Watch: TVNZ/RNZ merger scrapped, income insurance and hate speech laws delayed". Radio New Zealand. 8 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
138. ^ Neilson, Michael (31 January 2023). "Cabinet reshuffle: Prime Minister Chris Hipkins unveils new line-up; Government response to Auckland flooding". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
139. ^ McAnulty, Kieran (14 February 2023). "State of National Emergency Declared". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
140. ^ "PM's policy bonfire: Voting age bill, transport schemes 'reprioritsed'". 1News. TVNZ. 13 March 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
141. ^ "RMA replacement bills pass third readings in Parliament". Radio New Zealand. 16 August 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
142. ^ Pearse, Adam; Nightingale, Melissa (24 July 2023). "Justice Minister Kiri Allan's arrest and resignation: PM details 'difficult' conversation". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
143. ^ Scotcher, Katie (23 August 2022). "Hamilton West MP Gaurav Sharma expelled from Labour caucus". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
144. ^ "In full: The PM's statement on Nash sacking". The Spinoff. 28 March 2023. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023.
145. ^ "Michael Wood ordered to apologise to Parliament over shareholdings". Radio New Zealand. 23 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
146. ^ "Jan Tinetti made error of judgement that misled Parliament, Privileges committee finds". Radio New Zealand. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
147. ^ McConnell, Glenn (15 October 2023). "Who's coming and going in Parliament after seismic election result". Stuff. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
148. ^ "Official count – Overall Results". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
149. ^ "2023 General Election: Successful candidates". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
150. ^ Coughlan, Thomas; Pearse, Adam (7 November 2023). "Chris Hipkins stays as Labour leader, Carmel Sepuloni takes over deputy from Kelvin Davis". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
151. ^ "Labour reshuffle: Edmonds moves up as Finance spokesperson". Radio New Zealand. 20 February 2024. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
152. ^ Rilkoff, Matthew (19 February 2024). "Former New Plymouth Labour MP Glen Bennett back in Parliament". Stuff. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
153. ^ Manch, Thomas (22 April 2024). "Labour calls for the Government to recognise Palestine". The Post. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
154. ^ Pennington, Phil (12 February 2024). "AUKUS a military pact designed to contain China, says Labour". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
155. ^ "Future Labour govt won't join AUKUS, Hipkins says". 1News. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
156. ^ Rodney Smith; Ariadne Vromen; Ian Cook (2006). Keywords in Australian Politics. Cambridge University Press. p. 177\. ISBN 978-0-521-67283-2.
157. ^ "Labour Party: Fourth and fifth Labour governments". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
158. ^ New Zealand Labour Party (30 November 2019). "New Zealand Labour Party Constitution and Rules 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 7 January 2020. "The Party accepts the following democratic socialist principles [...]."
159. ^ Vowles, Jack (1997). Political Science. Vol. 49–50\. p. 98.
160. ^ Scott, Michael (2016). Making New Zealand's Pop Renaissance: State, Markets, Musicians. Routledge. pp. 34, 56.
161. ^ "Labour: Constitution and Rules" (PDF). NZ Labour Party. 2014. p. 4\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. "The Party accepts the following democratic socialist principles –
g. All political authority comes from the people by democratic means, including universal suffrage, regular and free elections with a secret ballot.
h. The natural resources of New Zealand belong to all the people and these resources, and in particular non-renewable resources, should be managed for the benefit of all, including future generations.
i. All people should have equal access to all social, economic, cultural, political and legal spheres, regardless of wealth or social position, and continuing participation in the democratic process.
j. Co-operation, rather than competition, should be the main governing factor in economic relations, in order that a greater amount and a just distribution of wealth can be ensured.
k. All people are entitled to dignity, self-respect and the opportunity to work.
l. All people, either individually or in groups, may own wealth or property for their own use, but in any conflict of interest people are always more important than property, and the state must ensure a just distribution of wealth.
m. Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi is the founding document of New Zealand, and that the Treaty should be honoured in the Party, government, society and the whanau.
n. Peace and social justice should be promoted throughout the world by international co-operation and mutual respect.
o. The same basic human rights, protected by the State, apply to all people, regardless of race, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, religious faith, political belief or disability."
162. ^ Bracewell-Worrall, Anna (10 February 2017). "What the data tells us: Māori and Pacific voters throw support behind Labour". Newshub. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
163. ^ Vowles, Jack (2013). Towards Consensus?: The 1993 Election and Referendum in New Zealand and the Transition to Proportional Representation. Auckland University Press. pp. 20–23\. ISBN 978-1869407162.20-23&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1869407162&rft.aulast=Vowles&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0JeAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:New+Zealand+Labour+Party" class="Z3988">
164. ^ a b c d e f g h "Constitution and Rules" (PDF). New Zealand Labour Party. July 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
165. ^ "Princes Street". New Zealand Young Labour. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
166. ^ "VicLabour". New Zealand Young Labour. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
167. ^ Peter, Aimer. "Labour Party – Ideology and the role of unions: Labour Party membership, 1917–2002". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
168. ^ a b c Aimer, Peter (20 June 2012). "Labour Party – Organisation of the Labour Party". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
169. ^ "Ardern hands over party leadership as Hipkins is endorsed to become next PM". ABC News. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
170. ^ a b "Opinion: Unions rip off Labour leadership". Newshub. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
171. ^ "Conference 2012 – New Zealand Labour Party". Archived from the original on 20 November 2012.
172. ^ "The Constitution of New Zealand Young Labour" (PDF). New Zealand Young Labour. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2023 - via University of Canterbury Student Association.
173. ^ "Young, gifted and politically aware". Stuff. 4 November 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
174. ^ "'We failed in our duty of care' – Labour leadership". Radio New Zealand. 14 March 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
175. ^ "'We took too long' – Jacinda Ardern on alleged sex assaults at Young Labour camp". Newshub. 13 March 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
176. ^ Bennett, Lucy (29 August 2018). "Jacinda Ardern defends not releasing Austen report into Labour summer camp". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
177. ^ "About us". City Vision. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
178. ^ "Ward councillor official results". Auckland Council. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
179. ^ "Local board member official results". Auckland Council. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
180. ^ "Licensing trustee official results". Auckland Council. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
181. ^ "Auckland Mayor Phil Goff announces he will retire from politics". Radio New Zealand. 14 February 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
182. ^ "Auckland mayoralty: Phil Goff stepping down at end of term, retiring from politics". Stuff. 13 February 2022. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
183. ^ "Elections 2013: Final declaration of results" (Press release). Christchurch City Council. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
184. ^ "Christchurch Mayor Lianne Dalziel will not seek another term". The New Zealand Herald. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
185. ^ Stylianou, Georgina (30 May 2016). "Left-aligned People's Choice gearing up for Christchurch's local body elections". The Press. Stuff. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
186. ^ Law, Tina (13 October 2019). "Christchurch's city council now has three twenty-somethings and slightly more women". Stuff. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
187. ^ Morris, Chris (26 February 2016). "Greater Dunedin disbands". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
188. ^ Elder, Vaughan (20 April 2016). "No Labour ticket; Hawkins, Vandervis declare hand". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
189. ^ "2019 Election results". Dunedin City Council. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
190. ^ Hudson, Daisy (12 October 2019). "Hobbs, Wilson elected on to Otago Regional Council". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
191. ^ Hudson, Daisy (1 November 2021). "Marian Hobbs resigns from ORC". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
192. ^ "2022 Election results". Dunedin City Council. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
193. ^ Rilkoff, Matt (12 October 2013). "Andrew Judd mayor of New Plymouth". Taranaki Daily News. Stuff. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
194. ^ Rankin, Janine (9 January 2022). "Labour and the Greens look for more local body candidates". Manawatu Standard. Stuff. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
195. ^ Lacy, Judith (11 October 2022). "Grant Smith easily re-elected as Palmerston North mayor". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
196. ^ Martin, Matthew (12 October 2013). "Election 2013: Steve Chadwick is ready for action". Rotorua Daily Post. NZME. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
197. ^ Desmarais, Felix (28 July 2021). "Rotorua mayor Steve Chadwick to stand down after next election". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
198. ^ "Wellington City Council: 2022 Triennial Elections" (PDF). Wellington City Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
199. ^ "2022 Election Results and Returns". Greater Wellington Regional Council. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
200. ^ "Hutt City Council: 2022 Triennial Elections". Hutt City Council. 13 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
201. ^ Boyack, Nicholas (8 October 2022). "Campbell Barry wins Hutt City mayoralty". Stuff. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
202. ^ Ellis, Moana (9 October 2022). "McDouall out: Whanganui backs first-timer as new mayor". Manawatu Standard. Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
203. ^ MacDonald, Anne-Marie (22 September 2014). "McDouall rues 'side issues'". Wanganui Chronicle. NZME. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
204. ^ "The Lists Close". No. 25951\. Evening Star. 16 November 1946. p. 9.
205. ^ Brown 1962, p. 225.
206. ^ Young, Audrey (12 February 2008). "Clark beats record of longest-serving Labour leader – probably". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
207. ^ Brown 1962, p. 224.
208. ^ Garner, Jean. "McCombs, James". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
209. ^ Gustafson 1980, pp. 168–169.
210. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 164.
211. ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 168.
212. ^ Green, Anna. "Roberts, James". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
213. ^ Ballara, Angela. "Charles Moihi Te Arawaka Bennett". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
214. ^ "Rex Jones says goodbye after 37 years". NZ Amalgamated Engineering, Printing & Manufacturing Union. 22 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016.
215. ^ "Claire Szabo elected new Labour Party president". 30 November 2019.
216. ^ Verschaffelt, Peter (4 November 2022). "Labour conference day to shine for new president". Waatea News. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

### Sources

[edit]

* Franks, Peter; McAloon, Jim (2016). Labour: The New Zealand Labour Party 1916–2016. Wellington: Victoria University Press. ISBN 978-1-77656-074-5.
* Bassett, Michael (1976). The Third Labour Government: A Personal History. Dunmore Press.
* Brown, Bruce (1962). The Rise of New Zealand Labour: A history of the New Zealand Labour Party. Wellington: Price Milburn.
* Gustafson, Barry (1980). Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-647986-6.
* Gustafson, Barry (1986). From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 978-0-474-00138-3. (with Biographical appendix)
* Holland, Martin; Boston, Jonathan, eds. (1988). The Fourth Labour Government: Politics and Policy in New Zealand. Oxford University Press.
* Lipson, Leslie (2011) [1948]. The Politics of Equality: New Zealand's Adventures in Democracy. Wellington: Victoria University Press. ISBN 978-0-86473-646-8.
* Miller, Raymond (2005). Party Politics in New Zealand. Australia: Oxford University Press.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

## External links

[edit]

Portals:

* Politics
* New Zealand

New Zealand Labour Party at Wikipedia's sister projects:

* Media from Commons
* Data from Wikidata

* Official website
* Official website for City Vision – the Auckland Local Government Group that includes Labour candidates

* v
* t
* e

New Zealand political parties

Parliament|

* National (49)
* Labour (34)
* Green (15)
* ACT (11)
* New Zealand First (8)
* Māori (6)

Unrepresented|

* Animal Justice
* Cannabis
* Freedoms
* Outdoors & Freedom
* Vision
* New Conservatives
* NewZeal
* TOP
* Women's Rights

Unregistered|

* Heartland
* Momentum
* Money Free
* New Nation
* Not A Party
* Progressive
* Republic of New Zealand
* Rock the Vote
* Socialist Aotearoa

* Portal:Politics
* List of political parties
* Politics of New Zealand

* v
* t
* e

New Zealand Labour Party

Leadership

| Leaders
Names in bold served
as prime minister|

* Alfred Hindmarsh (1916–18)
* Harry Holland (1919–33)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1933–40)
* Peter Fraser (1940–50)
* Walter Nash (1950–63)
* Arnold Nordmeyer (1963–65)
* Norman Kirk (1965–74)
* Bill Rowling (1974–83)
* David Lange (1983–89)
* Geoffrey Palmer (1989–90)
* Mike Moore (1990–93)
* Helen Clark (1993–2008)
* Phil Goff (2008–11)
* David Shearer (2011–13)
* David Cunliffe (2013–14)
* Andrew Little (2014–17)
* Jacinda Ardern (2017–23)
* Chris Hipkins (2023–present)

* * *

|

Deputy leaders|

* James McCombs (1919–23)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1923–33)
* Peter Fraser (1933–40)
* Walter Nash (1940–51)
* Jerry Skinner (1951–62)
* Fred Hackett (1962–63)
* Hugh Watt (1963–74)
* Bob Tizard (1974–79)
* David Lange (1979–83)
* Geoffrey Palmer (1983–89)
* Helen Clark (1989–93)
* David Caygill (1993–96)
* Michael Cullen (1996–2008)
* Annette King (2008–11)
* Grant Robertson (2011–13)
* David Parker (2013–14)
* Annette King (2014–17)
* Jacinda Ardern (2017)
* Kelvin Davis (2017–23)
* Carmel Sepuloni (2023–present)

* * *

Leadership elections|

* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1933
* 1940
* 1951
* 1954
* 1963
* 1965
* 1974
* 1980
* 1983
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1993
* 1996
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2014
* 2017
* 2023

Internal offices

| Party presidents|

* James McCombs (1916–17)
* Andrew Walker (1917–18)
* Tom Paul (1918–20)
* Peter Fraser (1920–21)
* Frederick Cooke (1921–22)
* Tom Brindle (1922–26)
* Bob Semple (1926–28)
* John Archer (1928–29)
* Jim Thorn (1929–31)
* Rex Mason (1931–32)
* Bill Jordan (1932–33)
* Frank Langstone (1933–34)
* Tim Armstrong (1934–35)
* Walter Nash (1935–36)
* Clyde Carr (1936–37)
* James Roberts (1937–50)
* Arnold Nordmeyer (1950–55)
* Mick Moohan (1955–60)
* Martyn Finlay (1960–64)
* Norman Kirk (1964–66)
* Norman Douglas (1966–70)
* Bill Rowling (1970–73)
* Charles Bennett (1973–76)
* Arthur Faulkner (1976–79)
* Jim Anderton (1979–84)
* Margaret Wilson (1984–87)
* Rex Jones (1987–88)
* Ruth Dyson (1988–93)
* Maryan Street (1993–95)
* Michael Hirschfeld (1995–99)
* Bob Harvey (1999–2000)
* Mike Williams (2000–09)
* Andrew Little (2009–11)
* Moira Coatsworth (2011–15)
* Nigel Haworth (2015–19)
* Claire Szabó (2019–22)
* Jill Day (2022–present)

* * *

|

General secretaries|

* John Glover (1916–19)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1919–20)
* Moses Ayrton (1920–22)
* Walter Nash (1922–32)
* Jim Thorn (1932–36)
* David Wilson (1936–40)
* Mick Moohan (1940–48)
* Allan McDonald (1948–71)
* John Wybrow (1971–85)
* Tony Timms (1985–95)
* Rob Allen (1995–2000)
* Mike Smith (2001–08)
* Chris Flatt (2008–12)
* Tim Barnett (2012–16)
* Andrew Kirton (2016–18)
* Andre Anderson (2018–20)
* Rob Salmond (2020–present)

* * *

Senior Whips|

* Andrew Walker (1916–19)
* James McCombs (1919–22)
* Dan Sullivan (1922–35)
* Bill Jordan (1935–36)
* Robert McKeen (1937–39)
* James O'Brien (1939–42)
* Arthur Shapton Richards (1942–47)
* Robert Macfarlane (1947–51)
* Phil Connolly (1951–52)
* Joe Cotterill (1952–58)
* Henry May (1958–72)
* Ron Barclay (1972–76)
* Roger Drayton (1976–78)
* Russell Marshall (1978–80)
* Jonathan Hunt (1980–84)
* Michael Cullen (1984–87)
* Margaret Austin (1987–90)
* Trevor Mallard (1990)
* Jonathan Hunt (1990–96)
* Mark Burton (1996–99)
* Rick Barker (1999–2002)
* David Benson-Pope (2002–04)
* Jill Pettis (2004–05)
* Tim Barnett (2005–08)
* Darren Hughes (2008–11)
* Rick Barker (2011)
* Chris Hipkins (2011–13)
* Sue Moroney (2013–14)
* Chris Hipkins (2014–16)
* Kris Faafoi (2016–17)
* Ruth Dyson (2017–19)
* Michael Wood (2019–20)
* Kieran McAnulty (2020–22)
* Duncan Webb (2022–23)
* Tangi Utikere (2023–present)

Organisation

| Current members
of parliament
Names without
electorates are list MPs
(List of former MPs)|

* Leader: Chris Hipkins (Remutaka)
* Deputy Leader: Carmel Sepuloni (Kelston)

* Ginny Andersen
* Camilla Belich
* Glen Bennett
* Rachel Boyack (Nelson)
* Rachel Brooking (Dunedin)
* Reuben Davidson (Christchurch East)
* Barbara Edmonds (Mana)
* Shanan Halbert
* Peeni Henare
* Willie Jackson
* Ingrid Leary (Taieri)
* Jo Luxton
* Kieran McAnulty
* Tracey McLellan
* Damien O'Connor
* Greg O'Connor (Ōhāriu)
* David Parker
* Willow-Jean Prime
* Priyanca Radhakrishnan
* Adrian Rurawhe
* Deborah Russell
* Jenny Salesa (Panmure-Ōtāhuhu)
* Lemauga Lydia Sosene (Māngere)
* Cushla Tangaere-Manuel (Ikaroa-Rāwhiti)
* Jan Tinetti
* Phil Twyford (Te Atatū)
* Tangi Utikere (Palmerston North)
* Ayesha Verrall
* Duncan Webb (Christchurch Central)
* Helen White (Mount Albert)
* Arena Williams (Manurewa)
* Megan Woods (Wigram)

* * *

|

Related organisations|

* City Vision
* The People's Choice
* Princes Street Labour
* Rainbow Labour
* Rātana
* VicLabour
* Young Labour

History

| History and related topics|

* Liberal–Labour
* Labour Unity Conferences
* Lee affair
* Black Budget
* Mason Affair
* It's Time
* Citizens for Rowling
* Moyle Affair
* Fish and Chip Brigade
* Rogernomics
* Māori loan affair
* Backbone club
* Closing the Gaps
* Helengrad
* Corngate
* Foreshore and seabed controversy
* KiwiSaver

* * *

|

Labour governments|

* First (1935–49)
* Second (1957–60)
* Third (1972–75)
* Fourth (1984–90)
* Fifth (1999–2008)
* Sixth (2017–23)

* * *

Shadow cabinets|

* Kirk
* Rowling
* Lange
* Moore
* Clark
* Goff
* Shearer
* Cunliffe
* Little
* Ardern
* Hipkins

* * *

Predecessor parties|

* New Zealand Liberal Party
* New Zealand Socialist Party
* Independent Political Labour League
* New Zealand Labour Party (1910)
* United Labour Party
* Social Democratic Party

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template