Next United Kingdom general election

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| <- 2024 | On or before 15 August 2029 |

|
|

outgoing members

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All 650 seats in the House of Commons
326 seats needed for a majority
| Party  | Leader  | Current seats

|
|

| Labour | Keir Starmer | 403[a]
| Conservative | Kemi Badenoch | 121
| Liberal Democrats | Ed Davey | 72
| SNP | John Swinney[b] | 9
| Sinn Féin | Mary Lou McDonald[c] | 7
| DUP | Gavin Robinson | 5
| Reform UK | Nigel Farage | 4
| Green (E&W) | Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay | 4
| Plaid Cymru | Rhun ap Iorwerth[d] | 4
| SDLP | Claire Hanna | 2
| Alliance | Naomi Long[e] | 1
| UUP | Mike Nesbitt[f] | 1
| TUV | Jim Allister | 1
| Independents | N/A | 15
| Speaker | Lindsay Hoyle | 1

Incumbent Prime Minister |

|

Keir Starmer
Labour |

* 2017 election
* MPs

* 2019 election
* MPs

* 2024 election
* MPs

* Next election
* MPs

The next United Kingdom general election is scheduled to be held no later than Wednesday 15 August 2029. It will determine the composition of the House of Commons, which determines the government of the United Kingdom.

## Background

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### Political background of Labour before the election

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The 2024 general election resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party led by Keir Starmer. The combined vote share for Labour and the Conservatives reached a record low, with smaller parties doing well. Labour returned to being the largest party in Scotland and remained so in Wales. The election was noted as the most disproportionate in modern British history,[2] mainly as a result of the first-past-the-post voting system.[3][4][5][6] Starmer won a landslide victory at the general election and became prime minister, but with the smallest share of the electoral vote of any majority government since record-keeping of the popular vote began in 1830.

By the end of 2024, opinion polling for the Labour Party and Starmer's personal approval ratings had dropped significantly following several controversies including the Winter fuel payment abolition backlash, the riots, the freebies controversy involving Waheed Alli, Baron Alli and Taylor Swift, and the farmer protests. Controversy over his support for Israel in the Israel-Hamas war, which began during his tenure as opposition leader and led to Labour losing several seats in the election, continued into his premiership despite Starmer calling for a ceasefire. This culminated in a petition calling for an early general election on the UK Parliament website being started in November 2024 which reached over 2 million signatures within 2 days. Starmer responded to the petition by saying "I'm not surprised, quite frankly, that as we're doing the tough stuff there are plenty of people who say 'well I'm impacted, I don't like it'. But we've got to make the big calls on the NHS and on schools that are really important for the here and now and for the future."[7][8]

#### Political background of other parties before the election

[edit]

The Conservative Party under Rishi Sunak lost 251 seats and suffered their worst ever defeat, ending their 14-year tenure as the primary governing party. The Conservatives won no seats in Wales and only one seat in North East England.[9] On 2 November 2024, Kemi Badenoch won the 2024 Conservative leadership election to succeed Sunak, becoming the first Black leader of any major UK political party and the second consecutive Conservative leader to be non-white.[10] In a December 2024 interview, Badenoch said the public "kicked out" the Conservative Party because it was not trusted and did not deliver; she dismissed concerns that her approach of not having specific policy positions would leave a vacuum that could be filled by Reform UK; and she acknowledged the forthcoming 2025 United Kingdom local elections would be difficult for her party.[11]

Reform UK placed third in the share of the vote in the 2024 election and had MPs elected to the Commons for the first time.[12] Farage and his party Reform UK have done well in opinion polls at the expense of both Labour and the Conservatives.

The Liberal Democrats made significant gains to reach their highest ever number of seats. The Green Party of England and Wales also won a record number of seats alongside a number of independent MPs.[9] The Scottish National Party (SNP) lost around three-quarters of its seats.[13]

### Current composition of the House of Commons

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This table relates to the composition of the House of Commons after the 2024 United Kingdom general election and summarises the changes in party affiliation that took place during the 2024–present Parliament.

Affiliation  | Members

|

Elected
in 2024[14] | Current[15] | Differ­ence
| Labour[g] | 411[h] | 403  |  8
| Conservative | 121  | 121  |
| Liberal Democrats | 72  | 72  |
| Independent | 6  | 14[i] |  7
| SNP | 9  | 9  |
| Sinn Féin | 7  | 7  |
| DUP | 5  | 5  |
| Reform UK | 5  | 4  |  1
| Green (E&W)  | 4  | 4  |
| Plaid Cymru | 4  | 4  |
| SDLP | 2  | 2  |
| Alliance | 1  | 1  |
| TUV | 1  | 1  |
| UUP | 1  | 1  |
| Speaker | 1  | 1  |
Vacant | 0  | 1  |  1
Total MPs  | 650  | 649  |  1
Total voting[j] | 639  | 638
Majority of voting  | 181  | 166[19] |  15

This table:

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For full details of changes during the 2024–present Parliament, see By-elections and Defections, suspensions and resignations.

## Electoral system

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See also: Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011

### Voting eligibility

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In order to vote in the general election, barring any changes in eligibility rules, one must be:[20]

* on the Electoral Register,
* aged 18 or over on polling day,
* a British citizen, a Commonwealth citizen (with leave to remain or not requiring it) or a citizen of the Republic of Ireland,
* a resident at an address in the United Kingdom (or a British citizen living abroad), and
* not legally excluded from voting (for example a convicted person detained in prison or a mental hospital, or unlawfully at large if they would otherwise have been detained, or a person found guilty of certain corrupt or illegal practices, or a sitting Member of the House of Lords)

Individuals must be registered to vote by midnight twelve working days before polling day. Anyone who qualifies as an anonymous elector has approximately five working days before polling day to register. A person who has two homes (such as a university student who has a term-time address and lives at home during holidays) may be able to register to vote at both addresses as long as they are not in the same electoral area, but can only vote in one constituency at the general election.

## Date of the election

[edit]

Under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, the prime minister has the power to request the monarch call an election at any time during the five-year length of a parliamentary session. If the prime minister chooses not to do this, then parliament is automatically dissolved five years after the day it first met,[21] and a general election is held 25 working days after dissolution.[22]

According to the House of Commons, Parliament first met on 9 July 2024[23][24][25] meaning that unless Parliament is dissolved earlier it will be automatically dissolved on 9 July 2029, and the latest an election could be held is 15 August 2029. However according to the Electoral Commission the appropriate date to use as the first meeting is the State Opening of Parliament on 17 July 2024, which would mean the latest an election could be held is on 21 August 2029.[26]

## Opinion polling

[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the next United Kingdom general election

Opinion polling for UK general elections

2015 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2017 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2019 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
2024 election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval
Next election
Opinion polls • Leadership approval

Opinion polling for the next United Kingdom general election is being carried out continually by various organisations to gauge voting intention. Most of the polling companies listed are members of the British Polling Council (BPC) and abide by its disclosure rules. The dates for these opinion polls range from the 2024 general election on 4 July to the present day.

## Notes

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1. ^ Includes 43 MPs sponsored by the Co-operative Party, who are designated Labour and Co-operative,[1] and does not include Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle, a longtime MP for Labour.
2. ^ Stephen Flynn leads the SNP in the House of Commons.
3. ^ Sinn Féin are a cross-national political party with an abstentionist stance from the UK Parliament. McDonald is a Teachta Dála for Dublin Central in Ireland. Michelle O'Neill leads Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland.
4. ^ Liz Saville Roberts leads Plaid Cymru in the House of Commons.
5. ^ Sorcha Eastwood is the sole Alliance Party MP in the House of Commons.
6. ^ Robin Swann is the sole Ulster Unionist Party MP in the House of Commons.
7. ^ Includes 43 MPs sponsored by the Co-operative Party, who are designated Labour and Co-operative.[16]
8. ^ Some media sources, such as BBC News, listed Labour's total as 412, by including the Speaker (who, to demonstrate his neutrality, had resigned his Labour Party membership on taking office).
9. ^ Seven were elected as Labour MPs but three of these remain suspended from the parliamentary party since July 2024 for a rebellion on a whipped vote. Andrew Gwynne was suspended on 8 February 2025;  Oliver Ryan was suspended on 10 February 2025. Rupert Lowe was elected as a Reform UK MP, but was suspended from the party on 7 March 2025. Rosie Duffield resigned from the Labour Party on 28 September 2024. Five Independent MPs form the Independent Alliance technical group.
10. ^ In the current (2024–present) Parliament, the seven members of Sinn Féin follow a policy of abstentionism. They do not swear into the house, and do not take part in its formal processes (doing so would also compel a by-election).[17] The Speaker and deputy speakers (two Conservative and one Labour) by convention exercise only a casting vote.[18]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "About: Members of Parliament". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
2. ^ Gallagher, Michael. "Election Indices" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
3. ^ Surridge, Paula (5 July 2024). "Labour wins big but the UK's electoral system is creaking". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
4. ^ Curtice, John (5 July 2024). "Labour's strength in Commons is heavily exaggerated". The Times. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
5. ^ Topping, Alexandra (8 July 2024). "'Disproportionate' UK election results boost calls to ditch first past the post". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
6. ^ Chu, Ben (5 July 2024). "Biggest-ever gap between number of votes and MPs hits Reform and Greens". BBC News. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
7. ^ "Keir Starmer: I'm not surprised some want general election re-run". BBC News. 25 November 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
8. ^ "Starmer rules out another general election after petition reaches two million signatures". Sky News. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
9. ^ a b "Historic firsts from the 2024 general election in numbers and charts".
10. ^ Picheta, Rob (2 November 2024). "Kemi Badenoch wins Conservative leadership contest, pitching party to the right after blowout UK election loss". CNN. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
11. ^ No 'quick fix' for Tories, says Kemi Badenoch
12. ^ "Nigel Farage storms the UK parliament". POLITICO. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
13. ^ "UK general election results live: Labour set for landslide as results come in across country". BBC News. 4 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
14. ^ "UK General election 2024 Results". BBC News. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
15. ^ Cracknell, Richard; Baker, Carl; Pollock, Louis (24 September 2024). "General election 2024 results – House of Commons Library". UK Parliament. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
16. ^ "Meet the team: Members of Parliament". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
17. ^ Kelly, Conor (19 August 2019). "Understanding Sinn Féin's Abstention from the UK Parliament". E-International Relations. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
18. ^ Boothroyd, David. "House of Commons: Tied Divisions". United Kingdom Election Results. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
19. ^ Zodgekar, Ketaki; Baker, Finn; McAlary, Patrick (5 July 2024). "How big is the Labour government's majority?". Institute for Government. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
20. ^ "Types of election, referendums, and who can vote". GOV.UK. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
21. ^ "Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022: Section 4", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 24 March 2022, 2022 c. 11  (s. 4), retrieved 5 December 2024
22. ^ "General Election 2024: What happens now an election has been called?". Sky News. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
23. ^ "Date of first meeting of Parliament following the 2024 General Election – a Freedom of Information request to House of Commons". WhatDoTheyKnow. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
24. ^ "What happens next in the House of Commons". parliament.uk. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
25. ^ "General Election 2024 timetable". Retrieved 5 December 2024.
26. ^ "Date of next UK general election – a Freedom of Information request to Electoral Commission". WhatDoTheyKnow. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.

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See also
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Great Britain
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