Nina (name)

Not to be confused with Nena (given name), Niña (name), or Neena.

This article is about people and fictitious entities named "Nina". For other uses, see Nina (disambiguation).

NinaGender| Feminine

|

Origin
Word/name| Various
Other names
Alternative spelling| Nína, Niná
Related names| Nena, Nino

Nina is a feminine given name with various origins and alternate spellings accordingly. Nina may also serve as a short form of names ending in "-nina/-ina", including Antonina, Clementina, Constantina, Giannina, etc.; it can also serve as a diminutive form of Anna.

Nína is an Icelandic name,[1] while Niná is a Sami name.[2] It also has a relation to the Spanish word "niña", which translates as "little girl" and has several meanings in various Native American languages, such as "strong".[3]

## Given name[edit]

* Nina Chanel Abney (born 1982), American artist
* Nina Afanasyeva (born 1939), Russian-Sami politician and language activist
* Nina Agapova (1926–2021), Russian actress
* Nina Agdal (born 1992), Danish model
* Nina Alisova (1915–1996), Russian actress
* Nina Allan (born 1966), British writer
* Nina E. Allender (1873–1957), American cartoonist and activist
* Nina Alovert (born 1935), Russian photographer
* Nina Amir (born 1999), Israeli sports sailor
* Nina Ananiashvili (born 1963), Georgian ballerina
* Nina Nymark Andersen (born 1972), Norwegian footballer
* Nina Andreyeva (1938–2020), Soviet Communist Party official
* Nina Anisimova (dancer) (1909–1979), Russian dancer and choreographer
* Nina Anisimova (triathlete) (born 1973), Russian athlete
* Nina Ansaroff (born 1985), American mixed martial artist
* Nina Antonia (born 1960), British author
* Nina Arianda (born 1984), American actress
* Nina Arsenault (born 1974), Canadian performance artist and freelance writer
* Nina Arvesen (born 1961), American actress
* Nina Åström (born 1962), Finnish singer
* Nina Auerbach (1943–2017), American professor
* Nina Averina (born 1935), Russian journalist, local historian and poet
* Nina Axelrod (born 1955), American actress
* Nina Baden-Semper (born 1945), British actress
* Nina Badrić (born 1972), Croatian singer
* Nina Bang (1866–1928), Danish politician
* Nina Bari (1901–1961), Russian mathematician
* Nina Barr Wheeler (1909–1978), American artist
* Nina Bates (born 1985), Bosnian figure skater
* Nina Bawden (1925–2012), British author
* Nina Bendigkeit, German singer
* Nina Berberova (1901–1993), Russian author
* Nina Berman (born 1960), American photographer
* Nina Betschart (born 1995), Swiss volleyball player
* Nina Bjedov (born 1971), Serbian basketball player
* Nina Björk (born 1967), Swedish author
* Nina Blackwood (born 1955), American disc jockey
* Nina Bocharova (1924–2020), Ukrainian gymnast
* Nina Bohm (born 1958), Swedish tennis player
* Nina Yang Bongiovi, American film producer
* Nina Bonner (born 1972), Australian field hockey player
* Nina Bott (born 1978), German actress
* Nina Bracewell-Smith (born 1955), British thoracic aristocrat
* Nina Bratchikova (born 1985), Russian tennis player
* Nina Starr Braunwald (1928–1992), American surgeon
* Nina Brosh (born 1975), Israeli model
* Nina Bunjevac (born 1973), Serbian Canadian cartoonist
* Nina Burger (born 1987), Austrian footballer
* Nina Burleigh (born c. 1959 or 1960), American journalist
* Nina Buysman (born 1997), Dutch cyclist
* Nina Byers (1930–2014), American physicist
* Nina Byron (1900–1987), American silent film actress
* Nina Carberry (born 1984), Irish jockey
* Nina Cheremisina (born 1946), Russian former rower
* Nina Clifford (1851–1929), Canadian-American madam
* Nina Companeez (1937–2015), French screenwriter and film director
* Nina Conti (born 1973), British actress
* Nina Coltart (1927–1997), British psychoanalyst
* Nina Coolman (born 1991), Belgian volleyball player
* Nina Crone (1934–2007), Australian gardening writer, broadcaster, teacher and school principal
* Nina Curtis (born 1988), Australian sailor
* Nina Daniels (born 1982), New Zealand synchronised swimmer
* Nina Davies (cyclist) (born 1974), Welsh cyclist
* Nina Davuluri (born 1989), American public speaker and Miss America 2014
* Nina Derwael (born 2000), Belgian gymnast
* Nina de Vries (born 1961), Dutch sex worker
* Nina Dittrich (born 1990), Austrian swimmer
* Nina Doroh (fl. 1970s), Belarusian sprint canoer
* Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1878–1951), British noblewoman
* Nina Dübbers (born 1980), German tennis player
* Nina Dumbadze (1919–1983), Georgian-Ukrainian discus thrower
* Nina Đurđević (born 1991), Slovene model and Miss Universe Slovenia 2013
* Nina Easton (born 1958), American journalist
* Nina Ehrnrooth (born 1962), Finnish alpine skier
* Nina Elias-Bamberger (1954–2002), American television producer
* Nina Etkin (1948–2009), American anthropologist and botanist
* Nina Fedoroff (born 1942), American molecular biologist
* Nina Fellman (born 1964), Ålandic politician
* Nina Foch (1924–2008), Dutch-American actress
* Nina Frolova (born 1948), Soviet rowing cox
* Nina Fyodorova (1947–2019), Soviet skier
* Nina Gäßler (born 1975), German mountain biker and rower
* Nina Garsoïan (1923–2022), American historian
* Nina Gavrylyuk (born 1965), Russian cross-country skier
* Nina Genke-Meller (1893–1954), Russian artist
* Princess Nina of Greece and Denmark (born 1987), Swiss businesswoman
* Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia (1901–1974), Russian Princess
* Nina Gerber, American guitarist
* Nina Gerhard (born 1974), German Eurodance singer
* Nina Gershon (born 1940), American judge
* Nina Girado (full name Marifil Nina Barinos Girado-Enriquez, born 1980), Filipina singer
* Nina Godiwalla (born 1975), American author and businesswoman
* Nina Gold, British casting director
* Nina Gopova (born 1953), Russian canoer
* Nina Gordon (born 1967), American rock singer
* Nina Grebeshkova (born 1930), Russian actress
* Nina Grewal (born 1958), Canadian politician
* Nina Grieg, née Hagerup (1845–1935), Norwegian lyric soprano
* Nina Gruzintseva (1934–2021), Russian canoer
* Nina Hamnett (1890–1956), British artist
* Nina Harmer (married name Nina Thompson, born 1945), American swimmer
* Nina Hasselmann (born 1986), German field hockey player
* Nina Haver-Løseth (born 1989), Norwegian alpine skier
* Nina Kiriki Hoffman (born 1955), American novelist
* Nina Holmén (born 1951), Finnish long-distance athlete
* Nina Hoss (born 1975), German actress
* Nina Hossain (born 1973), British journalist
* Nina Humphreys, British composer
* Nina Hunt (1932–1995), Manx choreographer
* Nina Ivanišin (born 1985), Slovenian actress
* Nina Jablonski (born 1953), American anthropologist and palaeobiologist
* Nina Jacobson (born 1965), American film executive
* Nina Moore Jamieson (1885–1932), Canadian writer
* Nina Jeriček (born 1984), Slovenian handballer
* Nina Johnsen, Norwegian cyclist
* Nina Kamenik (born 1985), German ice hockey player
* Nina Kasniunas (born 1972), American political scientist and writer
* Nina Katchadourian (born 1968), American artist
* Nina Kemppel (born 1970), American cross-country skier
* Nina Kessler (born 1988), Dutch cyclist
* Nina Khachaturyan (1931–2020), Russian historian
* Nina Khadzhiyankova (born 1963), Bulgarian basketball player
* Nina Kinert (born 1983), Swedish musician
* Nina Klenovska (born 1980), Bulgarian biathlete
* Nina Kolarič (born 1986), Slovenian athlete
* Nina Kolundžić (born 1990), Serbian handball player
* Nina Koshetz (1891–1965), Ukrainian opera singer
* Nina Kostroff Noble (born 1959), American television producer
* Nina Kotova (born 1969), Russian cellist
* Nina Kpaho (born 1996), Ivorian footballer
* Nina Kraft (born 1968), German triathlete
* Nina Kraljić (born 1992), Croatian singer-songwriter
* Nina Kraus, American neuroscientist
* Nina Kraviz (born 1989), Russian DJ
* Nina Kulagina (1926–1990), Russian psychokineticist
* Nina Kuscsik (born 1939), American long-distance athlete
* Nina Lagergren (1921–2019), Swedish businesswoman and half-sister of Raoul Wallenberg
* Nina Lawson (1926–2008), Scottish wig maker
* Nina Laden (born 1962), American author and commercial illustrator of children's books
* Nina Frances Layard (1853–1935), English poet, prehistorian, archaeologist and antiquary
* Nina Lemesh (born 1973), Ukrainian biathlete
* Nina Li Chi (born 1961), Hong Kong actress
* Nina Ligon (born 1991), Thai equestrian
* Nina Lobkovskaya (born 1925), Russian sniper
* Nina Lobova (born 1957), Ukrainian handball athlete
* Nina Lola Bachhuber (born 1971), German artist
* Nina Lussi (born 1994), American ski jumper
* Nina Makarova (1908–1976), Russian composer
* Nina Makino (born 2005), American-Japanese idol singer and former child actress, member of the group NiziU
* Nina Manucharyan (1885–1972), Armenian film actress
* Nina Marković, Croatian physicist and professor
* Nina Matsumoto (born 1984), Japanese-Canadian cartoonist
* Nina Matviyenko (1947–2023), Ukrainian singer
* Nina McClelland (1930–2020), American chemist
* Nina Mae McKinney (1912–1967), American actress
* Nina Menkes (born 1955), American filmmaker
* Nina Meurisse, French actress
* Nina Milliken, American politician
* Nina Miranda (born 1970), Brazilian singer
* Nina Morić (born 1976), Croatian fashion model
* Nina Morgunova (born 1951), Russian middle-distance athlete
* Nina Morozova (born 1989), Russian sprint hurdle athlete
* Nina Morrison (born 2000), Australian Australian rules footballer
* Nina Mozer (born 1964), Russian ice-skating coach
* Nina Müller (born 1980), German handball player
* Nina Muradyan (born 1954), Armenian volleyball player
* Nina Myskow (born 1946), Scottish journalist
* Nina Nadira (born 1992), Malaysian singer and actress
* Nina Nannar, British Asian journalist
* Nina Nastasia (born 1966), American singer-songwriter
* Nina Nesbitt (born 1994), Scottish singer and songwriter
* Nina Norshie (born 2001), Ghanaian footballer
* Nina Kamto Njitam (born 1983), Cameroonian handball player
* Nina Olivette (1907–1971), American actress and dancer
* Nina Otkalenko (1928–2015), Russian middle-distance athlete
* Nina Paley (born 1968), American cartoonist and animator
* Nina Paw (born 1949), Hong Kong actress
* Nina Pekerman (born 1977), Israeli triathlete
* Nina Persson (born 1974), Swedish singer
* Nina Petković (born 1981), Montenegrin singer and television personality
* Nina Petrova (1893–1945), Russian sniper
* Nina Petushkova (born 1992), Russian figure skater
* Nina Ponomaryova (1929–2016), Russian discus athlete
* Nina Potočnik (born 1997), Slovenian tennis player
* Nina Preobrazhenskaya (born 1956), Ukrainian rower
* Nina Proll (born 1974), Austrian actress
* Nina Proskura (born 1974), Ukrainian rower
* Nina Wilcox Putnam (1888–1962), American writer
* Nina Quartero (1908–1985), American actress
* Nina Raine, English theatre director and playwright
* Nina Rangelova (born 1999), Bulgarian swimmer
* Nina Raspopova (1913–2009), Russian pilot
* Nina Reithmayer (born 1984), Austrian luger
* Nina Repeta (born 1967), American actress
* Nina Revoyr (born 1969), American novelist
* Nina Ricci (1883–1970), French-Italian fashion designer
* Nina Rillstone (born 1975), New Zealand long-distance athlete
* Nina Robertson (born 1996), Australian beauty queen
* Nina Rocheva (1948–2022), Russian cross-country skier
* Nina Rønsted, Danish botanist
* Nina Rosenwald, American political activist and philanthropist
* Nina Rosić (born 1990), Serbian volleyball player
* Nina Roth (born 1988), American curler
* Nina Ruslanova (1945–2021), Russian actress
* Nina Saeedyokota (born 1994), Japanese gymnast
* Nina Sandberg (born 1967), Norwegian politician
* Nina Seničar (born 1985), Serbian actress and model
* Nina Sevening (1885–1958), English stage actress
* Nina Shatskaya (born 1966), Russian singer and actress
* Nina Siciliana, Italian poet
* Nina Simone (1933–2003), American singer, composer and civil rights activist
* Nina Simonovich-Efimova (1877–1948), Russian artist and puppeteers
* Nina Smoleyeva (born 1948), Russian volleyball player
* Nina Snaith, British mathematician
* Nina Søby (born 1956), Norwegian cyclist
* Nina Solheim (born 1979), Norwegian taekwondo practitioner
* Nina Sosanya (born 1969), English actress
* Nina Sosnina (1923–1943), Ukrainian resistance fighter
* Nina Statkevich (born 1944), Russian speed skater
* Nina Stemme (born 1963), Swedish singer
* Nina Stojanović (born 1996), Serbian tennis player
* Nina Auchincloss Straight (born 1937), American author and journalist
* Nina Tangri, (fl. 2018–present) Canadian politician
* Nina Tassler (fl. 2004–2015), American television executive
* Nina Taylor, Australian politician
* Nina Tenge, German rapper
* Nina Teicholz, American journalist
* Nina Temple (born 1956), British politician
* Nina Tikkinen (born 1987), Finnish ice hockey player
* Nina Totenberg (born 1944), American journalist
* Nina Toussaint-White (born 1985), English actress
* Nina Turner, (born 1967), American politician
* Nina Ulanova (born 1978), Russian ice skater
* Nina Ulyanenko (1923–2005), Russian navigator and pilot
* Nina Umanets (born 1956), Ukrainian rower
* Nina Usatova (born 1951), Russian actress
* Nina van Pallandt (born 1932), Danish singer (of Nina & Frederik) and actress
* Nina Vance (1914–1980), American entrepreneur
* Nina Vanna, stage name of Nina Yazykova Kind Hakim Provatoroff (1899–1953), Belarusian actress
* Nina Veselova (1922–1960), Russian painter
* Nina Violić (born 1972), Croatian actress
* Nina Vislova (born 1986), Russian badminton player
* Nina Wadia (born 1968), British actress
* Nina Wang, (born Kung Yu Sum, 1937–2007), Chinese billionaire
* Nina Wayne (born 1943), American actress
* Nina Weckström (born 1979), Finnish badminton player
* Nina Woodford (born 1971), Swedish songwriter
* Nina Young (born 1966), Australian actress
* Nina Žabjek (born 1998), Slovenian handball player
* Nina Zagat, of Tim and Nina Zagat, American entrepreneur and publisher
* Nina Zander (born 1990), German tennis player
* Nina Zhivanevskaya (born 1977), Russian swimmer
* Nina Zhuk (born 1934), Russian pair skater
* Nina Zulić (born 1995), Slovenian handball player
* Nina Zyuskova (born 1952), Ukrainian middle-distance athlete

## Nickname[edit]

* Mizz Nina, professional name of Shazrina binti Azman (born 1980), Malaysian fashion designer
* Nina (Spanish singer) (born 1932), professional name of Anna Maria Agustí Flores (born 1966), Spanish actress and singer
* Nina, former ring name of Lisa Mary Moretti, who has also been known as Ivory (wrestler), Tina Ferrari and Tina Moretti (born 1961), American professional wrestler
* Nina Barka (born Marie Smirsky, 1908–1986), French-Ukrainian artist
* Nina Bo'nina Brown, stage name of Pierre Leverne Dease (born 1982), American drag performer
* Nina Bonaparte, pen name of Éléonore-Justine Ruflin (1832–1905), French writer and wife of Prince Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte
* Nina Bouraoui, nickname of Yasmina Bouraoui (born 1967), French author
* Nina Boyle, nickname of Constance Antonina Boyle (1865–1943), British journalist
* Nina Campbell, nickname of Henrietta Sylvia Campbell (born 1945), English interior designer
* Nina Carter, (born Penelope Jane Mallett, 1952), English model and singer
* Nina Cassian, pen name of Renée Annie Cassian-Mătăsaru (1924–2014), Romanian poet, translator, journalist and composer
* Nina M. Davies, published under the co-pen name N. de Garis Davies (1881–1965), Scottish egyptologist
* Nina Dobrev, professional name of Nikolina Kamenova Dobreva (born 1989), Bulgarian actress raised in Canada
* Nina Fedorova, pen name of Antonina Riasanovsky, (1895–1985), Russian author
* Nina Flowers, stage name of Jorge Luis Flores Sanchez (born 1974), Puerto Rican drag queen and celebrity
* Nina García, nickname of Ninotchka García (born 1965), Colombian fashion journalist and critic
* Nina Hagen, nickname of Catharina Hagen (born 1955), German singer
* Nina Hartley, stage name of Marie Louise Hartman (born 1959), American pornographic actress
* Nina Las Vegas, stage name of Nina Elizabeth Agzarian (born 1984), Australian radio host, DJ and music producer
* Nina Liedtke, nickname of Antonina Liedtke, Polish writer and editor
* Nina Morato (born Stéphanie Morato, 1966), French singer-songwriter
* Nina Radojičić, nickname of Danica Prodanović (born 1989), Serbian singer
* Nina Pacari (born María Estela Vega Conejo, 1961), Kichwa/Ecuadorian indigenous leader
* Nina Pillard, nickname of Cornelia Thayer Livingston Pillard (born 1961), American Judge
* Nina Ramirez, nickname of Janina Sara Maria Ramirez (born 1980), British historian and TV presenter
* Nina Rasul, nickname of Santanina Tillah Rasul (born Santanina Centi Tillah, 1930), Filipina politician
* Nina Ricci (designer) (born Maria Nielli; 1883–1970), Italian fashion designer
* Nina Salaman, nickname of Paulina Ruth Salaman (1877–1925), British poet and translator
* Nina Sicilia, nickname of Alejandrina Sicilia Hernández (born 1962), Venezuelan model and Miss International 1985
* Nina Siemaszko, nickname of Antonina Jadwiga Siemaszko (born 1970), American actress
* Nina Simone, professional name of Eunice Kathleen Waymon (1933–2003), American singer, songwriter, musician, arranger, and civil rights activist
* Nina Sublatti (born Nina Sulaberidze, 1995), Georgian singer, songwriter, calligrapher and model
* Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg (1913–2006), nickname of Elisabeth Magdalena Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, wife of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler
* Nína Tryggvadóttir, nickname of Jónína Tryggvadóttir (1913–1968), Icelandic artist
* Nina Tayeb, nickname of Ninet Tayeb (born 1983), Israeli entertainer
* Nina West, stage name of Andrew Levitt (born 1977), American drag queen, actor and singer
* Nina Zilli, stage name of Maria Chiara Fraschetta (born 1980), Italian singer-songwriter.

## Fictional characters[edit]

* Nina, main characters of the Blue Sky Studios' 12th animated film Ferdinand
* Nina, the titular main character of Nina Needs to Go!
* Nina, the title character of Nina's World
* Nina, a character in the Disney Junior television series Imagination Movers
* Nina, a Costa Rican Wild Kratts Kids girl from Wild Kratts
* Nina, a character from the book Almayer's Folly by Joseph Conrad
* Nina Ash, from the American television series Angel
* Nina Azarova, from the American webseries, The OA
* Nina Bailey, from Home and Away
* Nina Brown, from the BBC soap opera EastEnders
* Nina Bulsara, from Doctors
* Nina Caliente, from the life simulation video games The Sims 2, The Sims 3 and The Sims 4.
* Nina Callas, from The Clique series of books
* Nina Campbell, from the American sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun
* Nina Cortex, from the Crash Bandicoot series of games
* Nina Cortlandt, from the soap opera All My Children
* Nina Del Marco, a character in the Netflix series Grand Army
* Nina Einstein, from the anime Code Geass
* Nina Flores, from Clifford's Puppy Days
* Nina Fortner, from Naoki Urasawa's anime Monster
* Nina Frost, from the book Perfect Match by Jodi Picoult
* Nina Gilbert, from Home and Away
* Nina Gupta, from the BBC soap opera EastEnders
* Nina Harper, from the animated series Braceface
* Nina Harris, from the BBC soap opera EastEnders
* Nina Jarvis, from the USA Network science fiction television series The 4400
* Nina Lucas, from the ITV soap opera Coronation Street
* Nina Mandal, from Coronation Street
* Nina Martin, a character from House of Anubis
* Nina Mauricius–Sanders, a character from Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden
* Nina Myers, a terrorism analyst in the TV series 24
* Nina Natsume, from the Urara Meirocho
* Nina Neckerly, a giraffe from Camp Lazlo
* Nina Olivera, from Home and Away
* Nina Pickering, werewolf from the TV series Being Human
* Nina Price, also known as Vampire by Night, a Marvel Comics character
* Nina Purpleton, female lead character in Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory
* Nina Reeves, from General Hospital
* Nina Rosario, from Lin-Manuel Miranda's musical In The Heights
* Nina Sakura, from Ultra Maniac
* Nina Sayers, from the 2010 film Black Swan
* Nina Mikhailovna Zarechnaya, from Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull
* Nina Sharp, from Fringe
* Nina Skalka, from the American animated sitcom The Simpsons
* Nina Swanson, from the anime series Glitter Force (originally named Yui Midorikawa)
* Nina Thumbell, the daughter of Thumbelina from the Mattel franchise Ever After High
* Nina Tucker, from the Australian soap opera Neighbours
* Nina Tucker, from the anime Fullmetal Alchemist
* Nina Van Horn, from American TV show, Just Shoot Me!
* Nina van Rooyen, from the book Fiela's Child by Dalene Matthee
* Nina Vorhees, nickname of Nitia Vorhees, from The Passage
* Nina Walsh, from Smart_Guy
* Nina Wáng, from the anime Mai Otome
* Nina Webster, from the soap opera The Young and the Restless
* Nina Williams, a fictional assassin from the Tekken series of games
* Nina Williams, alternate name of Nene Williams, from Neighbours
* Nina Windia, from the Breath of Fire series of games
* Nina Yamada, from Mamotte! Lollipop
* Nina Sergeevna Krilova, former KGB officer in The Americans
* Nina Zenik, a character in the Six of Crows duology
* Nina Salazar-Roberts, a main character in the Disney+ TV series, High School Musical: The Musical: The Series
* Nina from You Were Never Really Here, film by Lynne Ramsay
* Nina the Killer, a character from the creepypasta of the same name

## Surname[edit]

* Joe Nina, stage name of Makhosini Henry Xaba, (born 1974), South African singer
* Julián Apasa Nina, birthname of Túpac Katari (c. 1750–1781), Bolivian rebel
* Li Nina (born 1983), Chinese aerial skier
* Lorenzo Nina (1812–1885), Italian prelate
* Song Nina (born 1980), Chinese volleyball player
* Ur-Nina (fl. c. 2550 BC–2500 BC), Iraqi king

## See also[edit]

* All pages with titles beginning with Nina
* All pages with titles containing Nina
* Nina (disambiguation)
* Nana (surname)
* Nena (name)
* Nia (given name)
* Nika (given name)
* Nima (name)
* Nin (surname)
* Nina (disambiguation)
* Niña (name)
* Nine (disambiguation)
* Nino (name)
* Niño (name)
* Ning (surname)
* Ninja (disambiguation)
* Nipa (disambiguation)
* Nita (given name)
* Niwa (disambiguation)
* Nuna (disambiguation)
* Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, British royal known as Cecilia Nina Bowes-Lyon
* Saint Nino (anglicized to Nina), an Eastern-orthodox saint
* Nina Never Knew, song

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Nína". Name-doctor.com. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
2. ^ "Niná". Name-doctor.com. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
3. ^ "Name Nina". The Meaning Of The Name. Retrieved 2020-10-01.

Name list

This page or section lists people that share the same given name.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.