Norfolk and Western 433

Preserved N&W class M 4-8-0 locomotive

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Norfolk and Western 433

Norfolk and Western No. 433 at the trail head of Virginia Creeper Trail, 2023

| Type and origin

Power type| Steam
Builder| American Locomotive Company (Richmond Works)
Serial number| 40329
Build date| January 1907
| Specifications

Configuration:
| ​
• Whyte| 4-8-0
• UIC| 2′D
Gauge| 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.| 27 in (0.686 m)
Driver dia.| 56 in (1.422 m)
Wheelbase| 58.37 ft (17.79 m) ​
• Engine| 26.42 ft (8.05 m)
• Drivers| 15.50 ft (4.72 m)
Adhesive weight| 169,800 lb (77,000 kg)
Loco weight| 206,200 lb (93,500 kg)
Tender weight| 167,500 lb (76,000 kg)
Total weight| 373,700 lb (169,500 kg)
Fuel type| Coal
Fuel capacity| 22,000 lb (10.0 tonnes)
Water cap.| 10,000 US gal (38,000 L; 8,300 imp gal)
Firebox:| ​
• Grate area| 45 sq ft (4.2 m2)
Boiler pressure| 200 psi (1.38 MPa)
Heating surface:| ​
• Firebox| 173 sq ft (16.1 m2)
• Total surface| 2,940 sq ft (273 m2)
Cylinders| Two
Cylinder size| 21 in × 30 in (533 mm × 762 mm)
Valve gear| Baker
Loco brake| Air
| Performance figures

Tractive effort| 40,163 lbf (178.65 kN)
Factor of adh.| 4.23
| Career

Operators| Norfolk and Western Railway
Class| M
Number in class| 58
Numbers| N&W 433
Retired| 1958
Restored| 2002 (cosmetically)
Current owner| Town of Abingdon, Virginia
Disposition| On static display

Norfolk and Western 433 is a preserved class M 4-8-0 "Mastodon" type steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company's Richmond Locomotive Works in January 1907 for the Norfolk and Western Railway. It was one of 125 M Class engines in operation on the N&W for around 50 years. After surviving an accident in 1951, the 433 was rebuilt and worked in Bristol, Virginia for a time where she was also assigned as a back up locomotive for the Abingdon Branch. This "Mollie" also worked as a switcher in Roanoke, Salem, and Radford. The 433 was eventually retired in 1958 and it became one of only two M Class locomotives to survive aside from the "Lost Engines of Roanoke". It was cosmetically restored in 2002 and now resides as a static display along the Virginia Creeper Trail in Abingdon.[1]

## History

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### Original service life

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The Norfolk & Western Railway[2] (N&W), a company that mainly operated in Virginia and West Virginia, preferred 4-8-0 "Mastodon" types over 2-8-2 "Mikados" as their non-articulated freight locomotives.[3] The Mastodons were highly versatile locomotives and were often nicknamed "Mollies" by old time railroaders. They had a total of seventy-five M class Mastodons built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in Richmond, Virginia and fifty built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 1906 and 1907, being numbered 375–499. In 1907, another fifty were built by Alco and fifty by Baldwin all designated as M1s and numbered 1000–1099. In 1910, fifty more came from Baldwin, designated as M2s and numbered 1100–1160.[4] The 433 was among the last locomotives of the M class built in January 1907. During the early years of the N&W, the 433 was assigned to mainline freight and passenger service, as well as local yard work. In the 1920s, when larger and heavier locomotives were being introduced, like the Y class mallets, the "Mollies" were all reassigned to branch lines.

One such branch line the 433 was assigned to was the Abington branch, known as the Virginia Creeper that laid between Abingdon and West Jefferson, North Carolina, where steep grades, sharp curves, and wooden trestles prohibited using locomotives any heavier than a Mastodon. In 1951, No. 433 was figured in a wreck,[5] and was afterwards rebuilt, and since she wasn't superheated like most of her sisters were, she was reassigned as a yard switcher in Bristol. On at least one occasion, No. 433 teamed up with two fellow Mastodons for a tripleheader on the Virginia Creeper to pull carloads of gravel South-bound to North Carolina. Upon arrival at White Top station, the No. 433 ended her "helper duty" and returned to Bristol tender first, since there was no turntable, nor a wye to turn the locomotive around at White Top, or Abingdon. The year 1957, was the last year when steam operations occurred at the Virginia Creeper, ending with Mollies 382 and 429,[6] before the branch made a complete transition to diesel power. The following year, after more than fifty years of revenue service, the 433 completed her last freight assignment before its fire was dropped one last time.

### Preservation

[edit]

The Town of Abingdon wanted a steam locomotive for static display as a monument to the Virginia Creeper, so the N&W donated the No. 433, which arrived at Radford before being moved to her present display site in November 1958. The locomotive would spend the next sixty-three years under a wooden roof for protection from the weather.[7] However, the No. 433 was still exposed to the elements and vandals, which resulted in significant deterioration and damage. By 1974, the N&W petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commission to abandon the branch, and by 1984, the line was ripped up and converted into a trail, as it was secured by the US Forest Service to create the Virginia Creeper Trail.[8] In 2002, volunteers from the Virginia Creeper Trail Club, in partnership with the Washington County Preservation Foundation, began a project to cosmetically restore the No. 433 back to the way it was donated forty-six years prior.[9] Local businesses contributed material and labor to this effort, and volunteers constructed and painted windows and doors, and they cleaned and painted the tender and interior of the cab.[10] The old building that covered the locomotive was also torn down and replaced by a steel one. Two marker lights were bought for the smokebox of the locomotive, replacing those that were stolen more than twenty years prior.

## Surviving sister engines

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* Norfolk and Western 475 is the only other M class Mollie that was left to survive, and it is an older locomotive than the 433, despite the higher road number. It has been sold and moved several times between 1960 and 1985. It has been operating on the Strasburg Rail Road[11] in Strasburg, Pennsylvania since 1993.
* There are three younger surviving N&W Mastodons known as the "Lost Engines of Roanoke", them being two M2 locomotives, numbers 1118, 1134, and one M2c, 1151, which have resided in the Virginia Scrap Iron & Metal yard from 1950 to 2009. M2c No. 1151 was moved on August 21, 2009, M2 No. 1134 moved on August 24, and M2 No. 1118 on August 26. The 1134 has received cosmetic restoration and is now located at the Railroad Museum of Virginia, in Portsmouth. 1118 was traded for 0-6-0T No. 34 and will remain at NRHS chapter's 9th Street facility. 1151 was moved to the Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke.

## See also

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* Norfolk and Western 578
* Southern Railway 107
* Southern Railway 385
* Florida East Coast 153

## References

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1. ^ "Old Mollie Steam Engine - Norfolk & Western Steam Engine 433".
2. ^ "Norfolk & Western Historical Society". www.nwhs.org. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
3. ^ "Norfolk & Western 4-8-0 "Mastodon" Locomotives in the USA". www.steamlocomotive.com. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
4. ^ "NW M #433 - www.rgusrail.com". www.rgusrail.com. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
5. ^ "The Norfolk & Western 433". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
6. ^ "RailPictures.Net Photo: NW 433 Norfolk & Western Steam 4-8-0 at Abingdon, Virginia by Ron Flanary". www.railpictures.net. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
7. ^ "HawkinsRails - Virginia Creeper Trail". hawkinsrails.net. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
8. ^ "Welcome to the Virginia Creeper Trail - a National Rail-to-Recreation Trail". Virginia Creeper Trail Club. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
9. ^ "Old Mollie Steam Engine - Norfolk & Western Steam Engine 433". Abingdon Virginia. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
10. ^ "CSXTHS - Rail Fanning - N&W - Exploring the Virginia Creeper Trail and the Abingdon Branch". www.csxthsociety.org. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
11. ^ "No. 475". Strasburg Rail Road. Retrieved 2021-01-20.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Norfolk and Western Railway 433.

* Virginia Creeper Trail Official Website