Norodom Sihamoni

King of Cambodia since 2004

In this Cambodian name, the surname is  Norodom. In accordance with Cambodian custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Sihamoni.

Norodom Sihamoni
នរោត្តម សីហមុនី

King Sihamoni in 2019

King of Cambodia
Reign| 14 October 2004 – present
Coronation| 29 October 2004
Predecessor| Norodom Sihanouk
Prime ministers|

* Hun Sen
* Hun Manet

Born|  (1953-05-14) 14 May 1953 (age 70)
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, French Indochina
House| Norodom
Father| Norodom Sihanouk
Mother| Norodom Monineath
Religion| Theravada Buddhism
Signature|
Alma mater| Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
Website| Official website

Norodom Sihamoni (Khmer: នរោត្តម សីហមុនី, Nôroŭttâm Seihâmŭni [nɔˈroːɗɑm səjˈhamoniː]; born 14 May 1953) is King of Cambodia. He became King on 14 October 2004, a week after the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk.[1] He is the eldest son of Norodom Sihanouk and former Queen consort Norodom Monineath and previously served as Cambodia's ambassador to the United Nations and UNESCO, prior to his selection by a nine-member throne council to become the next monarch. Before ascending to the throne, Sihamoni was educated in Czechoslovakia and was known for his work as a cultural ambassador in Europe and as a classical ballet instructor.

## Early life[edit]

Prince Sihamoni with his half-sister Princess Norodom Buppha Devi receiving a bouquet of flowers from US Senator Mike Mansfield in 1969.

### Name and family[edit]

Cambodian royal family

* The King

* The Queen Mother

* Prince Norodom Chakravuth
* Prince Norodom Sihariddh
* Prince Norodom Jayariddh
* Prince Norodom Célian
* Princess Norodom Alexiane
* Princess Norodom Rattana Devi
* Prince Norodom Sothearidh
* Prince Norodom Ranavong

* Prince Norodom Chakrapong
Neak Moneang Norodom Kachanipha Chakrapong
* Prince Norodom Buddhapong
Neak Moneang Jennet Tothong
* Princess Norodom Pongmonirath Devi
* Prince Norodom Khemanourakpong
* Prince Norodom Amarithivong
* Prince Norodom Naravong
* Prince Norodom Narithipong
Neak Moneang Norodom Ermine
* Princess Norodom Orfea
* Prince Norodom Téo
* Prince Norodom Ravichak
* Princess Norodom Nanda Dévi
* Princess Norodom Vimalea
* Princess Norodom Bophary
* Princess Norodom Jenna
* Prince Norodom Ithipong
* Prince Norodom Rindra
* Prince Norodom Charurak
* Princess Norodom Pongsoriya
* Prince Norodom Pongmonirith

* Princess Norodom Arunrasmy
Keo Puth Rasmey
* Prince Sisowath Nakia
* Prince Sisowath Nando
* Princess Sisowath Sirikith Nathalie
* Princess Keo Ponita
* Prince Keo Khemuni

* Prince Sisowath Samyl Monipong
* Prince Sisowath Ravivaddhana Monipong
* Princess Sisowath Moniringsy Monipong
* Princess Sisowath Pongneary Monipong
* Princess Sisowath Phuong Nara Sylvia Monipong

* Princess Sisowath Moni Kossoma
* Princess Sisowath Kalyan Tevi
* Norodom Chansita Forsinetti
* Prince Sisowath Chivannariddh
* Prince Sisowath Keanu
* Prince Sisowath Alexandre
* Princess Sisowath Monica
* Princess Sisowath Deva
* Prince Sisowath Veakchiravuddh

* Princess Norodom Chhavann-rangsi
* Prince Norodom Yuveakduri
* Prince Norodom Veakchiravouth
* Prince Norodom Benjamin Duonvikchir
* Prince Norodom Ekcharin
* Princess Norodom Pekina
* Princess Norodom Yuveakdevi

* Princess Norodom Simonarine
* Princess Norodom Moninouk

* Princess Norodom Marie Ranariddh

* Prince Sisowath Chariya
* Sisowath Charidy
* Prince Sisowath Sirirath
* Prince Sisowath Thomico
* Prince Sisowath Tesso

Cambodia portal

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Sihamoni was born on Thursday 14 May 1953, in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.[2] His given name "Sihamoni" comprises two morphemes from his parents' given names "Sihanouk" and "Monineath". As for "Norodom", this means Narottam in Pali and Prakrit, which translates to 'the best amongst men'. The name has a similar meaning in Khmer language as well.[3][4][5]

At the time of his birth and that of his younger brother, his mother Princess Monique who is of Khmer, French and Corsican descent, had been one of King Norodom Sihanouk's consorts after being a constant companion since the day they met in 1951, when she won first prize in a national beauty contest.[6] The queen was granted the title of Neak Moneang and the name of Monineath at the time of her marriage to King Norodom Sihanouk in 1952. Furthermore, Queen Monineath is a step-granddaughter of the late Prince Norodom Duong Chakr of Cambodia, and the daughter of Pomme Peang and of her second husband, Jean-François Izzi, a Corsican banker.[7]

Sihamoni has 14 half-brothers and half-sisters by his father; his only full sibling, a younger brother, Samdech Norodom Narindrapong, was born in 1954 and died in 2003.[8][9]

### Education and life abroad[edit]

The then-Prince Sihamoni first began his education in 1959, where he attended Norodom School, followed by Lycée Descartes School in Phnom Penh, developing a keen interest in the arts early on in his life.[2][10]

Prince Sihamoni when he was young as shown on the 200 riel.

In 1962 the young Sihamoni was sent to Prague in Czechoslovakia by his father to study abroad. There, he completed his early education at Majakovskeho Primary School and later at Ostrovni Elementary School. When he was in his preadolescence years, he starred in a production of Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker at the prestigious Prague National Theatre, where he pursued private ballet and piano classes and was once even selected for a television rendition of Brundibár, a well-known children's opera. He then concluded his secondary education at the National Prague Conservatory and was regarded as an able student, getting high marks. Here, he further developed his interest in the performing arts, undertaking courses in this field and excelling at the top of his class. Furthermore, he attained great fluency in Czech.[2][11][12] A movie directed by Vladimir Sís was shot about the prince in Prague in 1967, under the name The Other Little Prince (Jiný malý princ).[13] The prince would occasionally visit his homeland for holidays of which when he did, he involved himself in Cambodia's arts and cultural scene, including starring in a film made by his father and performing ballet. During the 1970 Cambodian coup d'état by Lon Nol, Sihamoni remained in Czechoslovakia.[14]

Between 1971 and 1975, Sihamoni completed his higher education in classical dance and music at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague, culminating with the attainment of a Master's degree for which he wrote a thesis titled The Conception and Administration of Artistic Schools in Cambodia. After graduation in 1975 he left Prague and began to study filmmaking in North Korea.[2]

### Return to Cambodia[edit]

However, in 1976, Sihamoni was forced to come back to Cambodia after having been deceived by the Khmer Rouge with a forged telegram, undersigned by King Sihanouk ordering his return.[15][16] Immediately, the ruling Khmer Rouge regime headed by Pol Pot turned against the monarchy, and put the royal family including Sihamoni, his brother Prince Norodom Narindrapong, his mother Queen Norodom Monineath, his father King Norodom Sihanouk under house arrest in the Royal Palace during much of the period of Democratic Kampuchea. The consequent Cambodian genocide saw several members of the wider royal family killed and Sihamoni and his immediate family lived in daily fear for their lives, effectively shut off from the outside world. With the 1979 Vietnamese Invasion, which ousted the Khmer Rouge, the family was airlifted to China and Sihamoni subsequently worked as a secretary for his father.[17][18][19][20]

### Career[edit]

In 1981 Sihamoni moved to France to teach ballet as a professor of classical dance and artistic pedagogy, a position which he held for almost two decades, at various conservatoires, including the Marius Petipa Conservatory, the Gabriel Faure Conservatory and the W.A. Mozart Conservatory. He was also later president of the Khmer Dance Association there. He lived in France for nearly 20 years and continued his pursuit in the arts, including establishing 'Ballet Deva', an original dance troupe, in which he served as its General Manager and Artistic Director, alongside heading the Royal Khmer Cinematic Corporation.[17][2] During this overseas period, for a time, he entered into the monkhood under the auspices of Samdech Bour Kry, who would later become a supreme patriarch of Cambodia.[21]

In the early 1990s, Cambodia's Supreme National Council, which was recognized by United Nations Security Council Resolution 668 as part of the transitional process in the country pursuant to the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements, unanimously selected Prince Sihamoni as its permanent representative to the United Nations. The year 1993 saw the prince being appointed Cambodia's permanent representative to UNESCO in Paris, a role he held right until he became King in 2004. In this role he became known for his hard work and devotion to Cambodian culture. He had previously refused an appointment as Cambodia's ambassador to France. In 2003, he was additionally appointed as a High Privy Counselor to then-King Norodom Sihanouk.[22][17][2]

## Reign[edit]

### Accession and coronation[edit]

On 14 October 2004 Sihamoni was selected by a special nine-member council, part of a selection process that was quickly put in place after the surprise abdication of King Norodom Sihanouk a week before, given there was no provisions at that time in Cambodia's constitution that covered the subject of abdication. Prince Sihamoni's selection was endorsed by Prime Minister Hun Sen and the then National Assembly President Prince Norodom Ranariddh (Sihamoni's half-brother), both members of the throne council. King Sihanouk backed the decision as well.[23][24][25] A few years before his selection, there was speculation about potential succession after he was seen deputizing on Sihanouk's behalf at official functions despite him being rarely seen in public.[26][27] Sihamoni was said to have been reluctant to take on the stately role, but nevertheless accepted it in the national interest,[28][29] returning on 20 October to Phnom Penh, accompanied by his parents, King-Father Norodom Sihanouk and Queen-Mother Norodom Monineath, to an estimated 100,000 people who lined their motorcade route from Phnom Penh International Airport to the Royal Palace to welcome the soon-to-be King.[30][31]

A public portrait of King Sihamoni in Phnom Penh of which he is pictured sitting on the throne on his Coronation Day

Then-Prince Sihamoni's accession to the throne was reflected upon by journalist Michael Sheridan of The Sunday Times whom on 17 October 2004 remarked:

> The extraordinary story of the aesthete who flies home this week to become king of Cambodia — and of the men who nearly had him killed — can be summed up for most people in the capital, Phnom Penh by the tale of two buildings on the banks of the Mekong River. One is the glorious golden-roofed royal palace, gaily illuminated by hundreds of festive lights in celebration of the announcement that the bachelor prince, Norodom Sihamoni, is to succeed his father King Norodom Sihanouk . . . Within its walls, father and son endured captivity at the hands of the Khmer Rouge, not knowing from day to day whether the revolutionaries might order their murder. The other building is the concrete 1950s Chaktamuk theatre, nearby, where the surviving members of the Khmer Rouge regime, most now frail old men, are expected to face trial for genocide before an internationally funded tribunal.[32]

Sheridan's reflection encapsulated the symbolism of the moment in Cambodia's monarchical transition as two indelible chapters etched into its national story; the undisputed significance of King Sihanouk's influential rule and the undeniably traumatic genocidal rule of the Khmer Rouge are juxtaposed with one another as the country entered a new era in its modern history under the reign of King Sihamoni.[33]

He was then inaugurated and formally appointed as King on 29 October 2004 in a coronation ceremony centered at the Royal Palace in the capital.[34][35] The coronation was noted for its relative simplicity, which was specifically requested by King-Father Sihanouk. King Sihamoni himself did not want the ceremonies to be too lavish because he did not wish for the impoverished country to spend too much money on the event, opting for a more modest affair. In a break with precedent, Sihamoni did not assume his seat on the higher, elevated throne nor did he wore the gold-and-diamond monarchial crown that came with the royal regalia.[30][36][37]

King Sihamoni on the 100,000 riel receiving blessings from his parents, former King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Norodom Monineath during his coronation ceremony

In his first public speech as monarch, he acknowledged words of wisdom imparted to him by his father and pledged to be a king of the people by saying:

> My august father, at the very moment of my election as King of Cambodia by the highly respected Throne Council, said to me . . . 'it is by being in contact with the people and the realities of the country that one learns how to become more and more capable of serving, defending and developing Cambodia and the Cambodian nation.' My respected and beloved compatriots, I will always be your faithful and devoted servant. I will never live apart from the beloved people. The Royal House will remain a transparent house and for me there will never be an ivory tower.

> — King Norodom Sihamoni[38][36][39]

In the first six months after his coronation, Sihamoni ensured to pay regular visits to his fellow Cambodians, especially those in the provinces and countryside, including occasionally making surprise visits. He was praised by observers for "being close to the people and having a gentle touch", though they also noted he still needed time to independently carve out his own role as monarch amid the influential role of his father, former King Sihanouk, notwithstanding his abdication.[40]

On 29 October 2014, there were celebrations to mark the 10th anniversary of his coronation. Well-wishers representing different cross sections of the kingdom's population congregated outside the royal palace to commemorate the occasion and pay their respects to the King.[41][42]

### Privy advisory council[edit]

King Sihamoni meeting with South Korean president Lee Myung-bak in the Throne Hall of the Royal Palace in 2009. Rwandan Ambassador to Cambodia Yasmin D. Amri Sued presents her letter of credence to King Sihamoni in 2022

On 12 December 2008, Sihamoni selected twenty-six members of the Cambodian royal family to his advisory court, among them his half-brother and former Prime Minister Prince Norodom Ranariddh as chief advisor and president of the council. Other choices included Prince Sisowath Sirirath, Princess Norodom Marie (estranged wife of Prince Ranariddh) and Prince Sisowath Thomico.[43][44] The King's half-sister and Cambodia's former Ambassador to Malaysia, Princess Norodom Arunrasmy[45] and uncle, Prince Norodom Sirivudh were also duly appointed members.[46]

The appointments was seen at the time by observers as signaling the cessation of royal family members participating in politics as theoretically, the constitution did not allow individuals to concurrently serve in both the royal court and government.[43] Indeed, royalism has long been a staple in Cambodian political history, with periods where royalist parties had once governed the country, such as the Sangkum of then-Prince Sihanouk in the 1950s and 1960s and the FUNCINPEC party of Prince Ranariddh in the 1990s.[47][48] Responding to the commentary, some ruling party officials and members of the royal family insisted that there was no agenda behind the move, and that it should not be construed as the prohibition or end of royal political involvement,[43] despite the influence and electoral success of royalist political parties having waned significantly over time.[49][50]

In late July 2023, upon the resignation of Prime Minister Hun Sen, it was announced that the King will appoint him to take up the position as head of the council, succeeding Ranariddh who had passed away in 2021.[51][52] This coincided with the announcement that National Assembly President Heng Samrin, Interior Minister Sar Kheng, Defence Minister Tea Banh, and National Assembly-Senate Relations and Inspection Minister Men Sam An, the latter three of whom concurrently served as Deputy Prime Ministers, will too be appointed as privy counsellors once they have relinquished their respective positions. The appointments came into effect later in the following month.[53][54]

### Political role[edit]

The King has limited political powers and rarely gets involved in the Cambodian political space, in conformance with his position as a constitutional monarch, and is considered to be 'above politics'.[55][56][57] Some Cambodian opposition figures, however, have called for him to be more vocal and directly involved in the political issues of the country, like his predecessor, King-father Norodom Sihanouk was, contending that the King has the constitutional prerogative to do so, in terms of powers accorded to him.[58][59] Conversely, others have cautioned against this notion, citing that the constitution strictly warrants for a predominantly ceremonial monarch that shall "reign, but shall not govern", noting that resorting to political intervention is neither in the long-term interests of the monarchy nor nation,[60][61] and Sihamoni, since the outset of his reign, has pledged and adhered to a largely apolitical stance.[62][63] Indeed, during the monarchical selection process, King Sihanouk touted then Prince Sihamoni's neutral and impartial approach to politics as a key trait for why he is suited to the role.[64] This is reinforced by analysis from observers that Sihamoni "has represented both continuity and change — withdrawing royalty from active politics, but advancing it as a symbol of national reconciliation", thereby restoring the "monarchy's traditional role as an 'umbrella' under which Cambodians could unite."[65] In turn, observers argue that this limits any politicization of the monarchy as an institution whilst maintaining its neutrality as well as legitimacy, especially amid the context of the sometimes controversial and turbulent nature of Cambodian politics.[66][67]

#### Bilateral border dispute[edit]

Nevertheless, there has been several occasions where Sihamoni's reluctance to be involved in the political arena have been tested. In 2005, in the first major political challenge of his reign, it was reported that he was hesitant to authorize the royal assent for the government's plans to give effect to a controversial border treaty with neighbouring Vietnam, which was compounded by his predecessor, King-father Sihanouk's objection. This apparently caused tension with the government after Prime Minister Hun Sen expressed frustration about the royal assent delay to the point that abolition of the monarchy was suggested.[68][69][70][71] Sihamoni eventually signed the treaty, after having been assured by government and legislative officials as well as other members of the royal family, that no land would be ceded to Vietnam as a result of the promulgation of the bilateral treaty.[72][73]

#### Political pardons[edit]

King Sihamoni is seen with then-President of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte in 2016

In 2006, at the government's petition, he granted a pardon to leading opposition politicians, namely Sam Rainsy and Cheam Channy, who originally had their parliamentary immunity annulled and were facing charges viewed as politically motivated.[74][75] In regards to Rainsy, he was embroiled in a legal dispute with Prime Minister Hun Sen, over the 1997 grenade attack incident on a political rally, which injured Rainsy, as he was giving a speech. He had accused Prime Minister Sen of being involved, an accusation that the Prime Minister denies, though Rainsy later expressed regret in making the claim.[76][77][78] As for Channy, he was designated as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International, where he was convicted for fraud and in attempting to conspire to overthrow the government.[79][80] At the time, the move by Sihamoni was found to be encouraging by international observers as it indicated a conciliatory gesture that points to a reduction of political tensions and restoration of multi-party democracy in the country.[81][82][83]

In 2009, Sihamoni, upon considering the appeals made to him for the review of the conviction verdict against opposition-affiliated journalist and editor Hang Chakra, who was jailed on charges of "criminal disinformation", sought the government's support for a prospective royal pardon. The appeals were made to him in his capacity as a member of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy. This request was reportedly rejected by the government for reasons not stated, but it was eventually later accepted, of which Sihamoni went on to grant a full pardon to Chakra in 2010.[84][85][86]

During late 2009, amid then-strained diplomatic relations between Cambodia and Thailand, Sihamoni pardoned a Thai national, Siwarak Chutipongse, on humanitarian grounds after a request by multiple parties, including Siwarak's mother, the Pheu Thai Party and former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Siwarak had been controversially charged and jailed by a Cambodian court for espionage due to him leaking sensitive flight-related details of Thaksin to Thai officials. Around that time, Thaksin was living in exile abroad despite being a wanted fugitive for corruption in his homeland, which he challenged. He also served as an advisor to the Cambodian government, which publicly backed Thaksin and resisted the extradition attempt from the Thai government.[87][88][89][90]

#### General election of 2013 and aftermath[edit]

In the lead-up to the 2013 Cambodian general election, Sihamoni at the request of the government, granted a royal pardon which enabled then Opposition Leader Sam Rainsy, who had been in self-imposed exile since 2009, to partake in the election which was welcomed by the United Nations.[91][92] Prior to the pardoning, Rainsy had found himself in legal jeopardy once again due to another politically-motivated charge brought against him arising from an incident in 2009.[93] When the election outcome became disputed between the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP), the subsequent aftermath resulted in the 2013–2014 Cambodian protests.[94][95][96][97]

Consequently, in what is regarded as the first time he had intervened directly to try to resolve a political dispute, the King attempted to play a mediating role and urged for national reconciliation, by exercising his moral authority to facilitate talks between the two party leaders, Rainsy and Prime Minister Hun Sen. He implored for a de-escalation of tensions, including an end to the violence between the protestors and authorities, and for the parties to find common ground towards a resolution regarding their issues, which they eventually settled in late July 2014 through a mutually agreed deal to resolve the political impasse.[98][99][100][101][102][103]

French Prime Minister François Fillon with King Sihamoni in 2011 at the Baphuon temple

After this, in August 2014, Sihamoni would formally swear-in Rainsy and the CNRP members of parliaments who had up until then, refused to assume their seats in the National Assembly because of the dispute, though he had earlier officiated Prime Minister Sen's and CPP lawmakers' swearing-in ceremony in September of the prior year due to a constitutional necessity.[104][105] He later encouraged the two sides to "continue to work together for the sake of stability, development and national unity"[106] and for a time, there was a 'culture of dialogue' between the rival political parties.[107] This period of dialogue was relatively short-lived as tensions soon manifested again that culminated in the dissolution of the CNRP in late 2017 and the reallocation of the party's seats that they won in the general election to other political parties in concurrence with the gradual persecution of members associated with the CNRP.[108][109][110][111][112]

#### Controversial legislation[edit]

In the same year, a piece of legislation was introduced, named the Political Parties Law, that human rights organisations saw was a means of further curtailing the power of the opposition in the run-up to the 2018 Cambodian general election. When it came to the formalization of this law through the required royal assent, Sihamoni was coincidentally overseas, thereby delegating the royal assent duties to the President of the Senate, who constitutionally serves as the acting head of state in the King's absence. This then prompted speculation as to whether there was an underlying reason behind the timing of his overseas trip.[113] During the legislative processes that was taking place to enact this law, a letter additionally emerged, of which Sihamoni had encouraged for all Cambodians to vote without intimidation ahead of the 2017 communal elections.[114][115] Nonetheless, officials of the ruling CPP denied such speculation and insist that the King's trip were non-politically motivated.[116]

Similarly, in February 2018, in relation to the Lèse-majesté Law, which too had concerns expressed about it by various observers, speculation was fuelled again, when the King did not directly sign this legislation into law, due to a planned foreign trip. Some analysts maintained that this did not merely occur by chance, though others advised that such assumptions are not grounded in facts, without any confirmation.[117] Regardless, commentators noted that it added to a perception that Sihamoni tends to be overseas to avoid having to give his signature to highly contentious legislations and that such trips are supposedly timed, which then trigger a delegation of responsibility to the next constitutional office holder.[118][119][120] It is theorized that the reason for this is that caught between the dilemmas of his position to concurrently not politically interfere and to also serve as a political guarantor, these absences are a way for the King to meet a middle ground through the "symbolic denial of royal legitimacy."[121]

#### Elections 2018 and developments[edit]

In 2018, Sihamoni urged for Cambodians to vote in the national elections, notwithstanding calls made by exiled Opposition Leader Sam Rainsy to resist such a move and for the public to boycott the election.[122] After the year's general election and senate election, which saw the ruling CPP retaining power, winning virtually every seat in both houses of parliament, much to the consternation of members of the now-dissolved opposition, international observers and human rights groups, whom all voiced unease about the deteriorating state of political affairs in the country, not least, the lack of a viable opposition,[123][124][125] Sihamoni convened the opening of the national legislature. He had urged parliamentarians in both the National Assembly and Senate to protect the rights of all Cambodians and seek ways to bring about national unity and in bettering the lives of the overall populace, whilst highlighting the nation's long path towards peace and development. Several Western countries boycotted the opening, but the King noted in his speech that the opening of parliament was nonetheless constitutionally mandated.[126][127][128][129]

In recent years, again at the request of the government, he has approved political clemency requests for several former members of the dissolved CNRP to participate in politics again, like for example in 2020, with respect to former chief whip Son Chhay[130] and in 2021, with Pol Ham, who was a deputy party president. Both Chhay and Ham were amongst at least 32 former CNRP political figures, as of February 2022, that the King has politically rehabilitated.[131][132][133] Sihamoni, also had granted a royal pardon for Rainsy's deputy and later successor, Kem Sokha who had defamation charges against him stemming from an alleged adultery,[134] though his separate treason charge remained until he was convicted in early 2023.[135][136] Aside from the CNRP related cases aforementioned, other high-profile pardons include that of land rights activist Tep Vanny[137][138] and Australian filmmaker James Ricketson.[139]

#### Elections 2022 and ASEAN summit[edit]

In the 2022 communal elections, he reiterated his call for all eligible Cambodians to participate in the civic process by exercising their right to vote, and to "not worry about oppression, threats or intimidation from any person or party at all", something that he had previously urged a few years back in the 2017 communal elections. Several political parties expressed appreciation for the King's public appeal.[140][114][141] The communal elections result saw a victory for the ruling CPP, although the Candlelight Party, which has links with the dissolved CNRP, made some relatively surprising gains.[142]

At the ASEAN summit in November 2022, Sihamoni hosted regional leaders at the royal palace where he reinforced Cambodia's commitment to the bloc of nations and emphasized the continued importance of inter-state collaboration in addressing contemporary issues.[143] Later, at the interrelated 43rd General Assembly of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, he further touched upon several topics. This included the centrality of peace in relation to socio-economic development, healthcare and educational investment, concern regarding the Myanmar conflict, the impact of increasing tensions between global powers, the threat of nuclear weapons, climate change, and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.[144][145]

#### General election 2023[edit]

In February 2023, several months ahead of the 23 July general election, Sihamoni once again advocated, as he has done in prior years, for electoral participation amongst the public and for free elections to take place.[146] His call was backed by the National Election Committee whom urged the citizenry to heed the King's message,[147] despite insinuations of bias levelled against him by former opposition leader Rainsy. These claims were roundly rejected and condemned by government officials, including multiple cabinet ministers.[148]

The election unsurprisingly resulted in the CPP's victory in which they retained their ruling majority in the legislature, though there was controversy involving the disqualification of the opposition Candlelight Party by electoral authorities.[149][150][151] On 26 July, just a few days after the election, Prime Minister Hun Sen announced his intention to tender his resignation in favour of his son, Hun Manet. Sen had an audience with Sihamoni at the Royal Palace who reportedly consented "in a formality" to his decision and for the transitional arrangements that was scheduled within August 2023 for Manet's and the new government's appointment.[152][153][154][155][156] A royal decree was formally issued on 7 August, tasking Manet with forming a new government for the seventh mandate and requesting confidence from the National Assembly.[157][158] In late August, he received the endorsement and confidence of the National Assembly to serve as head of government. Subsequently, King Sihamoni officially appointed and sworn in Manet as the second Prime Minister of his reign along with the new cabinet and members of parliament as well as officiating the inaugural opening for the new legislative term.[159][160][161][162]

### Philanthropy[edit]

King Sihamoni visiting a school in Sihanoukville in 2007.

King Sihamoni's reign has been focused on the wellbeing of the Khmer people. He has been described by some as a humble monarch because of his philanthropic endeavours and is well-known for carrying out humanitarian activities.[163][164][56][165]

This can be soon through various examples such as in 2006, where when the relocation of one of the campuses of the Royal University of Fine Arts caused an inconvenience to students and teachers, including posing safety concerns, he arranged for the donation of three minibuses to assist with transportation.[166][167][168] Another example was in the aftermath of the 2010 Phnom Penh stampede at Koh Pich that saw hundreds killed and injured, where he reached out to the victims and their families, donating money to every household who had lost a family member in the incident, as well as financially supporting those who were injured.[169][170][171] In 2016, he donated a record-breaking $6.5 million from the proceeds that was gained from the selling of the royal residence in Koh Kong to the Kantha Bopha Foundation, which oversees a group of nationally renowned children's hospitals.[172] Furthermore, in 2018, upon learning of the plight of provincial people affected by flooding, he gave essential goods to over 500 families.[173]

At times, he has even assisted his fellow citizens first-hand during adverse events, such as venturing out into flooded areas and handing out goods to victims directly[174] and was once reported to have requested for his official state car to stop so he can give a blanket to an elderly Cambodian who he saw on the roadside.[172] Additionally, Sihamoni is said to donate to the Cambodian Red Cross on a regular basis[175] and has authorized royal grants for infrastructure,[176] schools,[177] orphanages,[178] struggling communities,[179] religious institutions,[180] people affected by a disability,[181] rehabilitation centres,[182] mental health organizations,[183] victims of violence,[184] and sponsoring student's trips[185] among others. His philanthropy extends in the international context as well, like for instance, after Hurricane Katrina, the King made a personal good-will donation to victims of the storm.[186]

Amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic, King Sihamoni, alongside Queen Mother Norodom Monineath has donated well over $1 million to the Royal Government of Cambodia's efforts to address the situation in Cambodia, inspiring a concerted public campaign across the country.[187][188] Moreover, the King has made contributions in the provision of essential supplies, including donations of food, water and face masks to Cambodians severely impacted by COVID-19.[189] In July 2022, he contributed $500,000 towards ongoing demining efforts in the nation, which is still plagued by problematic landmines leftover from decades of conflict.[190][191]

### Cultural advocacy[edit]

King Sihamoni arrives for the 2008 Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Phnom Penh with National Assembly President Heng Samrin and Royal Palace Minister Kong Sam Ol

Sihamoni also remains an ardent advocate for Cambodian arts and culture.[163][192] For instance, in 2006, when he was designated by the International Theatre Institute as its "Message Author" for International Dance Day, he extolled the symbolism and virtue of dance, with reference to the Royal Ballet of Cambodia.[193][194] In 2012, he presided over the opening of L'ombrello di Beatocello, a documentary film by Georges Gachot showcasing the life's work of famed Swiss pediatrician Beat Richner and his contribution to Khmer society.[195][196] Likewise, in 2017, he did the same at the global premiere of acclaimed Cambodian-based film First They Killed My Father, documenting the experiences of Loung Ung, a survivor of the Khmer Rouge and directed by Oscar-winning actress Angelina Jolie, whom he had earlier hosted, along with her family, at The Royal Residence in Siem Reap prior to the occasion.[197][198][199]

The King is a strong proponent of buddhism and of the integral place it maintains in the cultural life of the Khmer nation,[200][201][202] and he usually officiates key festivals on the Buddhist calendar.[203] Moreover, he supports the work of the country's Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts whom reportedly engages regularly in consultations with him on advancing their overall strategic agenda.[204] Additionally, as King, he presides over the annual Bon Om Touk, a major festive cultural event on the yearly calendar with ancient roots dating back to the Khmer Empire,[192][205][206] in conjunction with other traditionally important national events like for example, Independence Day,[207] the Royal Ploughing Ceremony,[208] and Khmer New Year.[209][210][211]

Furthermore, Sihamoni has been commended for his dedication to archaeological preservation, conservation and research, with specificity to Cambodia.[212] In particular, as Honorary President of ICC-Angkor (International Coordination Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of Historic Site of Angkor), King Sihamoni places special emphasis on the efforts to protect this national symbol and treasure, engaging frequently with the body's work through fulfilling representative functions or routine briefings given directly to him or via a delegated senior representative.[213][214][215][216] In 2011, he attended the completion ceremony pertaining to restoration works at the Baphuon historical temple in Angkor.[217] In late 2021, he championed Cambodia's bid for the proposed inclusion of Koh Ker, an ancient Khmer archaeological site, alongside Bokator, one of the kingdom's oldest martial arts on the UNESCO Intangible cultural heritage and World Heritage Site lists.[218][219] In early 2023, he presided over the torch lighting ceremony at Angkor Wat marking the start of the torch relay for the 32nd Southeast Asian Games held at Phnom Penh in May.[220]

King Norodom Sihamoni and Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe in Tokyo, Japan on 22 October 2019.

### Overseas visits[edit]

Main article: List of state visits made by Norodom Sihamoni

In the international arena, his first official foreign trip as King was to China in 2004, where he met with President Hu Jintao, indicative of a strong friendship long established from the days of his father between China and the Cambodian royal family. Here, he routinely also undertakes yearly health-related visits, usually to Beijing and have formal courtesy calls with members of China's political leadership.[221][222][223] In 2015, he attended the United Nations COP21 summit, and gave an impassioned speech highlighting the impact of the climate crisis on Cambodia and urging international efforts on this front to be expedited.[224][225] He represented Cambodia at the 2019 Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations (CDAC) in Beijing aimed at enhancing regional cooperation and intercultural exchange.[226][227] Other notable trips include to Japan, where he was the first Cambodian sovereign since the monarchical restoration of the 1990s to visit,[228] his "second homeland" of the Czech Republic where he spent his childhood,[229] a landmark state visit to India,[230][231] and France, Cambodia's former colonial power.[232]

### Public image[edit]

In contrast to his father, former King Norodom Sihanouk's "mercurial" and outspoken reign,[233][234][235][236] commentators note that Sihamoni has maintained a relatively "low-key" profile,[237] with his tenure being characterized by an award-winning article of The Phnom Penh Post as being "Reign of the quiet king."[238][239] Nonetheless, leading national leaders across the political spectrum recognize the King as a unifying force in Cambodian society. Prime Minister Hun Sen gave praise to Sihamoni for honourably carrying out his role as a "symbol of national unity, stability, happiness and prosperity", noting his humanitarianism,[175] as well as efforts in strengthening national prestige and fostering a "spirit of solidarity" amongst Cambodians.[240][241] Similarly, de facto Leader of the Opposition Sam Rainsy, shares this sentiment, welcoming his ability to bring people together in the national interest,[242] although amid internal political developments that is seen as indicative of democratic backsliding,[109][243] this view held by Rainsy has not always been consistent.[244][245][246] Thus, it is within this juxtaposition, from a power politics analytical standpoint, including on the limits and extent of constitutional monarchism and given the political polarization,[247][248][249][250] that there are often divergent perspectives concerning the King, between those who implore for his active politicism[58][59][251][252] and those who advocate he sustain his guarded apoliticism.[65][66][67][119]

Public display of King Sihamoni in Royal Palace Park commemorating an anniversary of his coronation

Scholar Milton Osborne, regarded as amongst the world's most distinguished authors specializing in Southeast Asia,[253][254] commends him as a "dedicated servant of his people" that is "cultured and disciplined",[21] but he questions the monarchical institution's long-term survivability.[255][256] The latter is in part, due to past political instability, including historical tensions between some members of the royal family and Prime Minister Hun Sen.[257][258][259][260][71] However, in recent years, Prime Minister Sen has given steadfast assurances which therefore signals his government's intent to preserve the monarchy well into the future.[261][262][263] Prominent Cambodian history professor Sambo Manara credits Sihamoni as a "morale model" for all Khmer people whom exudes a calm and kind demeanor, underscored by a sincere warmth towards his subjects, notwithstanding some misconceived notions about the King's role from within some sectors of the population, in particular, the youth demographic.[204][264][265]

Reflecting after a royal audience with the King in 2013, then International Monetary Fund Managing Director Christine Lagarde expressed how she was profoundly touched by his "thoughtfulness and compassion" and how he "not only cares deeply about the welfare of his people, but is clearly passionately devoted to promoting the cultural and artistic heritage of his country."[266] On the occasion of his 68th birthday, ASEAN described King Sihamoni as a monarch who is "cherished and well-respected by the people of Cambodia" and as someone who exemplifies "dignified and humbled leadership", characterized by his frequent engagements with the populace through local visitations.[267][268] The King's birthday on 14 May in conjunction with his coronation day on 29 October are both annual public holidays in Cambodia[269] and in 2019, a special commemorative 15,000 riel was issued in his honour, celebrating the 15th anniversary of his tenure as sovereign.[270][271] Sihamoni is also featured on the 200, 500, 2,000, 10,000, 20,000 and 100,000 riels respectively[272] and his portrait, alongside the King-father and Queen-mother is prominent across many parts of the country, illustrative of their highly revered status.[273][274]

### Lèse-majesté[edit]

In February 2018, the penal code was formally revised to incorporate Lèse-majesté legislation, which makes it an offence to insult the king, pursuant to its promulgation by Cambodia's National Assembly and Senate and the law came into effect the following month. Human rights groups had voiced concerns that the law may be potentially used to suppress political opponents of the government and considered it to be incompatible with respect to the freedom of speech, though the Ministry of Justice maintains that the law is necessary in protecting the monarchy from people who push the boundaries of said freedom.[275][276][277][278] After this law was enacted, there have been seldom arrests, charges [279][244][280][281][282] and convictions,[283][284] with the most notable case being that of Opposition Leader Sam Rainsy.[245] Prior to this legislative enactment, the constitution did acknowledge the "inviolability" of the monarch and this constitutional provision was tested in 2017, when the Ministry of Interior pursued charges against a few individuals who were indignant towards the King on social media.[285]

King Sihamoni visiting Banteay Srei temple in 2005

## Personal life[edit]

The King is a bachelor and has no children. As Cambodia is not a hereditary monarchy, but rather an elective monarchy, his future successor will be determined by the Royal Council of the Throne, chosen from the lineage of one of the two royal houses of Cambodia, in accordance with the country's constitution.[286][287] His parents, King-Father Norodom Sihanouk and Queen-Mother Norodom Monineath, were once questioned by journalists about Sihamoni's marital status and when he was planning to get married. In response, the Queen-Mother replied that her son "only feels Buddhist" and that "he confines himself to Buddhism." The King-Father added that because of this, his son's affection for women is akin to that of "as his sisters" and that "he dares not to make a deep relationship." This reflects Sihamoni's adherence to a monastic way of life which is underpinned by his austere piety and devotion to faith.[288][289][290] In some respects, Sihamoni is regarded somewhat as an enigmatic figure, with the available literature pointing to a "reflective, deliberate and cultured man" who apparently had reservations in becoming King, yet in spite of this, humbly assumed the solemn responsibility of his position, whilst holding "his cards close to his chest."[291][292][29]

### Interests[edit]

Apart from his interest in the arts and culture, which is well-documented, it is reported that the king "is a man of simple tastes." Purportedly, in his free time he enjoys the peace of meditation, reading, exercising, listening to classical music such as by the likes of Beethoven and observance to traditional Buddhist rituals. In addition, it is reported that he enjoys comedy films, is the occasional fan of chocolates, and likes to keep up with current events and news, balancing his personal interests with that of his busy and strict schedule as head of state.[291] His commitment to the duties of a monarch could be seen in 2011 where he famously declined to attend the royal wedding of then Kate Middleton and Prince William, which the British tabloids headlined as a "snub." This was quickly refuted by Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials who informed that a declination notification was indeed advised and that no snub occurred whatsoever.[293][294] Moreover, alongside having an interest in DVDs relating to ballet and opera in general, he is also skilled at playing the piano and is reputedly a keen reader of reviews covering the Czech theatre scene.[264][255]

### Languages[edit]

Besides his native Khmer, Sihamoni speaks Czech fluently, being the only ruling monarch in the world to do so.[295][296] The king is also fluent in French and is a conversational speaker of English and Russian. He has basic fluency in Mandarin as well.[297][238]

### Filmography[edit]

Main article: Norodom Sihanouk filmography

Then-Prince Sihamoni during the 1960s and 1990s starred in a few films, mainly directed by his father, who was a prolific and accomplished film-maker. He has also been the subject of documentaries and directed a few films himself.

English title  | Other names  | Year  | Role  | Notes  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|

The Curious History of Cambodia's Beloved Kings | N/A  | 2021  | Subject  | Documentary part of a series called 'Asia's Monarchies', made by 'Real Royalty'  | [298]
The Other Little Prince | Jiný malý princ | 1967  | Subject  | A Czech Documentary film — Directed by Vladimir Sís | [13]
My Village at Sunset | Mon village au coucher du soleil | 1992  | Actor  | Film was the winner of the Prix Special at the Saint Petersburg Festival — Directed by Norodom Sihanouk | [299]
The Little Prince | Prachea Komar (ព្រះប្រជាកុមារ) | 1967  | Actor  | Film won the Golden Apsara Award at the 1968 Phnom Penh International Film Festival — Directed by Norodom Sihanouk | [300]
Dream | N/A  | 1988-1993  | Director  | A ballet film by Prince Sihamoni during his time at the Royal Khmer Cinematic Corporation or "Khemara Pictures"  | [301]
The Four Elements | N/A  | 1988-1993  | Director  | A ballet film by Prince Sihamoni during his time at the Royal Khmer Cinematic Corporation or "Khemara Pictures"  | [301]
Norodom Sihanouk, King and Film-maker | N/A  | 1997  | Guest appearance  | A French documentary film — Directed by Jean-Baptiste Martin and written by Frédéric Mitterrand  | [302][303]

## Titles and styles[edit]

Styles of
King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia

Reference style| His Majesty
Spoken style| Your Majesty
The Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia or sovereign's personal flag

Before he was crowned king, his princely royal title was Sdech Krom Khun (Khmer: ស្តេចក្រុមឃុន), or His Royal Highness Sdech Krom Khun Norodom Sihamoni, equating him to the rank of "Great Prince".[304]

As King, his full regnal title is Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdach Preah Bâromneath Norodom Sihamoni Saman Bhumichat Sasana Rakkhata Khattiya Khmeraratrat Putthintra Mohaksat Khemareacheana Samuhobhas Kampuchea Ekareacharath Bureanasanti Subheamagala Sirivibunla Khmera Sri Bireat Preah Chao Krung Kampuchea Dhibodi (in romanized Khmer); Khmer: ព្រះករុណាព្រះបាទសម្តេចព្រះបរមនាថ នរោត្តម សីហមុនី សមានភូមិជាតិសាសនា រក្ខតខត្តិយា ខេមរារដ្ឋរាស្ត្រ ពុទ្ធិន្ទ្រាធរាមមហាក្សត្រ ខេមរាជនា សមូហោភាស កម្ពុជឯករាជរដ្ឋបូរណសន្តិ សុភមង្គលា សិរីវិបុលា ខេមរាស្រីពិរាស្ត្រ ព្រះចៅក្រុងកម្ពុជាធិបតី, roughly translating to "His Merciful Excellent Majesty Protector, King Norodom Sihamoni, who unites the nation, religion, realms, and people of Khmer state, the great king who is supported by Buddha and Indra, the protector of independence, unification, and peace, the Great King of the Kingdom of Cambodia."[305][306][307]

The King's shortened official title is His Majesty Preah Bat Samdech Preah Boromneath Norodom Sihamoni, King of the Kingdom of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះករុណា ព្រះបាទសម្តេច ព្រះបរមនាថ នរោត្តម សីហមុនី ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ នៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា។).[308][309]

In 2015, he was bestowed the honorary title Preah SriLoka Dhammika Raja, or "Virtuous King for the Propagation of Buddhism in the World", conferred to him at the Sixth Buddhist Summit in the year prior.[310][311]

During the same year, he was conferred the title of Honorific Professor by the Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nanchang, China.[312]

In 2023, the World Fellowship of Buddhists awarded the King the honorary title of Royal Patron in an event held at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh.[313]

In the military context, he is styled as Supreme Commander of the Royal Khmer Armed Forces, in line with the country's constitution.[314]

## Patronages[edit]

As King, Sihamoni has served as the patron of many causes and organizations as well as a range of NGOs and NPOs. This includes, but is not limited to the below list:

### Heritage[edit]

* Honorary President of ICC-Angkor (International Coordination Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of Historic Site of Angkor)[215]
* Baphuon Temple at Angkor Restoration Project — Patron[315]
* Greater Angkor Collaborative Research Project — Patron[316]
* Angkor Medieval Hospitals Archaeological Project — Patron[317]
* Symposium "Deux décennies de coopération archéologique franco-cambodgienne à Angkor" — Patron[318]
* Guimet Museum's "Angkor: The Rise of a Myth" Exhibition — Patron[319]
* Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum's inauguration ceremony — Patron[320]
* Preah Suramarit National Theatre — Patron of attempted restoration efforts[321][322]
* Statue of St. John of Nepomuk in Divina, Slovakia — Patron of the project of restoration (2017).[323][324]

### Cultural[edit]

* Member of the High Council of French-speaking Countries (2004).[325]
* Foreign Associate Member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (2008).[326][327]
* International Dance Day — Message Author (2006) [193][328]
* Mozart at Angkor Musical Showcase — Patron[329]
* Center for Khmer Studies Library, Siem Reap — Patron[330]
* Nginn Karet Foundation for Cambodia (Preah Ream Buppha Devi Conservatoire) — Patron of dance troupe 'The Sacred Dancers of Angkor'[331][332]
* Nuits d'Angkor Festival — Patron[333]
* Cambodian Living Arts — Patron[334]
* Cambodian International Film Festival (CIFF) — Patron[335]
* Technicolour Foundation (MEMORY! International Film Heritage Festival) (2014) — Patron[336]
* Cie Cabaret des Oiseaux — Patron [337]
* GoGo Cambodia world record-setting Krama initiative — Patron [338][339]
* Angkor Archaeological Park meditation centre — Patron[340]
* Ricardo Casal's "90 Khmer Figures" Art Exhibition (in collaboration with Royal University of Fine Arts as part of 2013 French Week) — Patron[341]
* Kep Expo 2018 — Patron[342]
* Royal Thai Embassy in Cambodia's "Choral Music for Friendship: A Concert by Suanplu Chorus" — Patron[343]
* China Disabled Persons' Performing Art Troupe — Patron[344]
* First They Killed My Father — Patron of film[345]
* L'ombrello di Beatocello — Patron of film[346][347]
* The Perfect Motion — Patron of film[348]

### Community[edit]

* Cambodian Red Cross — Patron[175][349]
* Cambodian Children's Fund — Patron[350]
* Samdech Euv Team — Patron[351]
* Krousar Thmey Foundation — 25th Anniversary Celebration Ceremony Honorary President[352]
* Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (Cambodia) — Patron of 20th Anniversary Celebration and new Mental Health Treatment Center[353]
* Kantha Bopha Foundation — Patron of 25th Anniversary, new ward (Kantha Bopha V), surgery centre (Kantha Bopha I) & major donor[172][354][355][356]
* Eye Care Foundation — Patron[357]
* Samdech Techo Project for Mine Action (STP-MA) — Patron[190]
* Preah Sihamoniraja Buddhist University — Establishing Patron[358][359]
* Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope — Patron[360][361]
* Calmette Hospital Neurology Center (Centre De Neurosciences) — Patron[362][363]
* Teach Them To Fish Foundation — Patron[364]
* Cambodian Day of Older People / International Day of Older Persons — Patron[365]
* International Children's Day — Patron[366]
* KaisKids Orphanage — Patron[367]
* Waltzing Around Cambodia Onlus — Patron[368]
* AIP Foundation — Patron of Cambodia Helmet Vaccine Initiative (CHVI)[369]
* House of Family — Patron[370][371]
* Cambodian National Committee to Fight Covid-19 — Patron[372]
* Royal University of Fine Arts — Patron of transportation service through the donation of 3 minibuses to the university's north campus[373][374]
* Don Bosco Foundation — Patron[375]
* Hurricane Katrina disaster relief — Patron[376]

### Sporting[edit]

* Royal Angkor Endurance Competition 2018 — Patron of inaugural event[377]
* Norodom Sihanouk du Cambodge National Show Jumping Championships — Patron[378]
* 32nd Southeast Asian (SEA) Games — Patron[379]
* Bokator (Khmer martial art) — Patron[380]

### Environmental[edit]

* Airavata Elephant Foundation — Establishing Patron[381][382]
* National Arbor Day — Patron[383][384]
* Rubbish Project — Patron of Nāga Sculpture in Siem Reap to mark 2008 World Water Day[385][386]

## Honours[edit]

### National honours[edit]

Cambodia
Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia[387]
Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Monisaraphon[387]

### Foreign honours[edit]

France
Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour (2006)[388]
Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour (2006)[387]

Japan

Collar and Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (11 May 2010)[389]

### Ecumenical orders[edit]

* Order of Saint Lazarus: Grand Cross of Merit of the Order of Saint Lazarus (10 May 2008)[390]

### Awards[edit]

* Czech Republic: Gratias Agit Award of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2006)[391][392]
* Prague: Honorary Citizen of the City of Prague (2006)[388][393]
* Paris: Silver Medal of the City of Paris[387]

### Honorary degrees[edit]

* Academy of Performing Arts in Prague, Honorary Doctorate (19 March 2010)[394]
* Naresuan University, Honorary Doctorate in Political Science (12 June 2015)[395]
* St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Sciences, Honorary Doctorate in Social Work[396][397]

### Honourific eponyms[edit]

* Dendrobium Norodom Sihamoni, an orchid named in honour of the King (30 March 2006)[398][399]
* Preah Norodom Sihamoni Primary School, in Chhnuk Trou Commune, Baribour district[400]
* Preah Norodom Sihamoni General and Technical Lycée, in Kampot Province[401]
* Preah Bat Samdech Preah Boromneath Norodom Sihamoni General & Technical High School, Aur Russei Commune, Kampong Tralach District[402][403]
* Preah Sihamoniraja Buddhist University, in Phnom Penh[358][359]
* Kantha Bopha-Sihamoni Monineath (Heart Surgery Centre II) at Kantha Bopha I Children's Hospital, in Phnom Penh[404]
* King Sihamoni Meditation Centre at Angkor Archaeological Park, Siem Reap province[405]
* King Norodom Sihamoni Boulevard, in Siem Reap, Siem Reap province[406]
* King Norodom Sihamoni Avenue, in Siem Reap, Siem Reap province[407]
* King Norodom Sihamoni Road, in Siem Reap, Siem Reap province[408]

## Ancestry[edit]

Ancestors of Norodom Sihamoni

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16\. Norodom of Cambodia

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 8\. Norodom Sutharot|

|  |  |
| 17\. Bossaba Yem

| 4\. Norodom Suramarit|

|  |  |  |  |
| 18\. Norodom of Cambodia (= 16)

| 9\. Norodom Phangangam|

|  |  |
| 19\. Socheat Bopha Nuon

| 2\. Norodom Sihanouk|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20\. Sisowath of Cambodia

| 10\. Sisowath Monivong|

|  |  |
| 21\. Van

| 5\. Sisowath Kossamak|

|  |  |  |  |
| 22\. Norodom Hassakan

| 11\. Norodom Kanviman|

|  |  |
| 23\. Sao Sambat

| 1\. Norodom Sihamoni|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |

|  |  |

| 6\. Jean-François Izzi|

|  |  |  |  |

|  |

|  |  |

| 3\. Norodom Monineath|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |

| 14\. Peang[409]|

|  |  |

| 7\. Pomme Peang|

|  |  |  |  |

| 15\. Ouk|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## References[edit]

1. ^ "People and Society ::Cambodia". 6 January 2022.
2. ^ a b c d e f "Biography of His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia". Official Website of His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
3. ^ "The strange case of the King of Cambodia". Financial Review. 5 November 2004. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
4. ^ "Naruttama, Nara-uttama, Narottama: 13 definitions". Wisdom Library. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
5. ^ "Norodom". BabyNamesCube.com. 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
6. ^ "The First Lady of the Kingdom"; The Royal House of Cambodia by Julio A. Jeldres, 2003 OCLC 54003889
7. ^ King's biography Archived 27 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ "Obituary: Norodom Sihanouk, former king of Cambodia". BBC News. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
9. ^ Jeldres, Julio A. (2017). The Royal House of Cambodia (2nd ed.). Cambodia: The Sleuk Rith Institute. pp. 198–201. ISBN 9789924907855.
10. ^ Jeldres, Julio A. (2017). The Royal House of Cambodia (2nd ed.). Cambodia: The Sleuk Rith Institute. p. 134\. ISBN 9789924907855.
11. ^ Jeldres, Julio A. (2017). The Royal House of Cambodia (2nd ed.). Cambodia: The Sleuk Rith Institute. pp. 136–137. ISBN 9789924907855.
12. ^ "King to visit alma mater in the Czech Republic". The Phnom Penh Post. 16 March 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
13. ^ a b "Jiný malý princ" [The Other Little Prince]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze.
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22. ^ The Weekend Australian, 16–17 October 2004
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27. ^ "Shuffling 'Heirs' to Cambodia Throne". New York Times. 30 November 2002. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
28. ^ "The Prince who didn't want to be King". Khmer Times. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
29. ^ a b "Son of Cambodian king 'ready to accept crown'". Irish Examiner. 11 October 2004. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
30. ^ a b "King Sihamoni arrives". Phnom Penh Post. 22 October 2004. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
31. ^ WRAP Arrival of Cambodia's new King Norodom Sihamoni. AFP News Agency. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022 - via YouTube.
32. ^ Sheridan, Michael (17 October 2004). "New god king ends Cambodia's pain". The (Sunday) Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
33. ^ Sheridan, Michael (17 October 2004). "New god king ends Cambodia's pain". The (Sunday) Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
34. ^ "In Pictures: King Sihamoni's coronation". BBC News. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
35. ^ Ceremonies of the coronation of HM King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia, 28-30 October 2004. Monash University Research Repository. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021 - via YouTube.
36. ^ a b "When Sihamoni became King". The Phnom Penh Post. 14 May 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
37. ^ "Cambodia's muted coronation". BBC News. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
38. ^ "Cambodia's New King Gives First Address". NBC News. 30 October 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
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## Further reading[edit]

* Miroslav Nožina, Jiří Šitler, and Karel Kučera. Royal Ties: King Norodom Sihamoni and the History of Czech-Cambodian Relations. Prague: Knižní klub, 2006. ISBN 978-80-86938-75-2

* Julio A Jeldres. The Royal House of Cambodia [First edition]. Cambodia: Monument Books, 2003. ISBN 974-90881-0-8

* Julio A Jeldres. The Royal House of Cambodia [Second edition]. Cambodia: The Sleuk Rith Institute, 2017. ISBN 978-99-24907-85-5

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Norodom Sihamoni.

* King Norodom Sihamoni – Official Website
* Article about Norodom Sihamoni's coronation by Antonio Graceffo

Norodom Sihamoni

House of Norodom

Born: 14 May 1953

Regnal titles
Preceded by

Norodom Sihanouk

|  King of Cambodia
2004–present  | Incumbent

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Cambodia

Family tree of Cambodian monarchs

Funan Kingdom
Nokor Phnom|

* Soma (Neang Neak) (female)
* Kaundinya I (Preah Tong)
* Hun Pan-huang
* Pan-Pan
* Srei Meara (Fan Shiman)
* Fan Jinsheng
* Fan Chang
* Fan Xun
* Kaundinya II
* Sri Indravarman I
* Jayavarman Kaundinya
* Kulaprabhavati (female)
* Rudravarman

| Vyadhapura|

* Pvirakvarman I
* Mhenteractvarman I
* Nteractvarman I

|

Chenla Kingdom|

| Bhavapura|

* Shruta Varman
* Shreshtha Varman II
* Viravarman
* Kambuja-raja-lakshmi (female)

|

* Bhavavarman I
* Mohendravarman
* Isanavarman I
* Bhavavarman II
* Jayavarman I
* Jayadevi (female)
* Pushkaraksha
* Indrani (female)
* Nṛpatendradevī (female)
* Jayendrabhā (female)
* Jyeṣṭhāryā (female)
* Shambhu Varman
* Rajendravarman I
* Mahipativarman

Khmer Empire|

| Varman Dynasty|

* Jayavarman II
* Jayavarman III
* Indravarman I
* Yasovarman I
* Harshavarman I
* Ishanavarman II
* Jayavarman IV
* Harshavarman II
* Rajendravarman II
* Jayavarman V
* Udayadityavarman I
* Jayavirahvarman
* Suryavarman I
* Udayadityavarman II
* Harshavarman III
* Nripatindravarman

| Mahidharapura Dynasty|

* Jayavarman VI
* Dharanindravarman I
* Suryavarman II
* Dharanindravarman II
* Yasovarman II
* Tribhuvanadityavarman
* Jayavarman VII
* Indravarman II
* Jayavarman VIII
* Indravarman III
* Indrajayavarman
* Jayavarman IX

|

House of Trasak Paem|

* Trasak Paem
* Nippean Bat
* Sithean Reachea
* Lompong Reachea

Angkor Thom|

* Basat
* Soryavong
* Borom Reachea I
* Thomma Saok
* In Reachea (Ponhea Prek)
* Barom Reachea II (Ponhea Yat)

Post-Angkor|

| Chaktomuk|

* Ponhea Yat
* Noreay Reachea I
* Srey Reachea Ramathuppdey
* Srei Soriyotei II
* Thommo Reachea I
* Srey Sukonthor

|

Longvek|

* Sdach Korn
* Ang Chan I
* Barom Reachea I
* Satha I
* Chey Chettha I

Srei Santhor|

* Preah Ram I
* Preah Ram II
* Barom Reachea II
* Barom Reachea III
* Kaev Hua I (Ponhea Nhom)
* Srei Soriyopear

Oudong|

* Chey Chettha II
* Outey (co-ruler)
* Thommo Reachea II (Ponhea To)
* Ang Tong Reachea (Ponhea Nu)
* Batom Reachea (Ang Non I)
* Ponhea Chan (Sultan Ibrahim)
* Barom Reachea V
* Chey Chettha III
* Kaev Hua II
* Ang Nan
* Chey Chettha IV
* Queen Tey (female)
* Outey I
* Kaev Hua III (Ang Em)
* Thommo Reachea III
* Satha II
* Thommo Reachea IV
* Ang Tong
* Ang Sngoun
* Noreay Reachea II (Outey II)
* Ang Non II
* Noreay Reachea III (Ang Eng)
* Ang Chan II
* Ang Mey (female)
* Ang Duong

French protectorate|

* Norodom
* Sisowath
* Sisowath Monivong
* Norodom Sihanouk

Modern Cambodia|

* Norodom Suramarit
* Norodom Sihanouk
* Norodom Sihamoni

* v
* t
* e

Heads of state of Cambodia

French Protectorate
(1863–1945; 1945–1953)|

* Norodom
* Sisowath
* Sisowath Monivong
* Norodom Sihanouk

Kingdom of Kampuchea
(1945)|

* Norodom Sihanouk

Kingdom of Cambodia
(1953–1970)|

* Norodom Sihanouk
* Norodom Suramarit
* Sisowath Kossamak‡
* Chuop Hell*
* Sisowath Monireth*
* Chuop Hell*
* Norodom Sihanouk
* Cheng Heng*

Khmer Republic
(1970–1975)|

* Cheng Heng
* Lon Nol
* Saukam Khoy*
* Sak Sutsakhan

Democratic Kampuchea
(1975–1979)|

* Norodom Sihanouk
* Khieu Samphan

People's Republic of Kampuchea
and State of Cambodia
(1979–1993)|

* Heng Samrin
* Chea Sim
* Norodom Sihanouk

Kingdom of Cambodia
(1993–present)|

* Norodom Sihanouk
* Norodom Sihamoni

* ‡queen consort
* *acting

* v
* t
* e

Current monarchs of sovereign states

Africa|

* Mswati III
* Letsie III
* Mohammed VI

Americas|

* Charles III

Asia|

* Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
* Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
* Hassanal Bolkiah
* Norodom Sihamoni
* Naruhito
* Abdullah II
* Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
* Abdullah of Pahang
* Haitham bin Tariq
* Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
* Salman
* Vajiralongkorn
* Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Europe|

* Joan Enric Vives i Sicília and Emmanuel Macron
* Philippe
* Margrethe II
* Hans-Adam II
* Henri
* Albert II
* Willem-Alexander
* Harald V
* Felipe VI
* Carl XVI Gustaf
* Charles III
* Francis

Oceania|

* Charles III
* Tupou VI

* See also: Current heirs of sovereign monarchies

Authority control

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic

Other|

* IdRef

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