Northern Bahr el Ghazal

Not to be confused with Bahr el Gazel Nord.

State of South Sudan

State in Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan

Northern Bahr el Ghazal

ولاية شمال بحر الغزال

State

Flag

Seal

Location in South Sudan.

Coordinates: 08°44′N 26°54′E﻿ / ﻿8.733°N 26.900°E﻿ / 8.733; 26.900
Country|  South Sudan
Region| Bahr el Ghazal
Capital| Aweil
Government

• Governor| Simon Uber Mawut
• Vice Governor| Tong Lual Ayat
Area

• Total

| 30,543.30 km2 (11,792.83 sq mi)
Population

(2017 estimate[1])

• Total

| 1,023,383
• Density| 34/km2 (87/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+2 (CAT)
HDI (2021)| 0.426[2]
low · 2nd of 10
Malual Station

Northern Bahr el Ghazal (Arabic: ولاية شمال بحر الغزال) is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 30,543 km2[3] and is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. It borders East Darfur in Sudan to the north, Western Bahr el Ghazal to the west and south, and Warrap and the disputed region of Abyei to the east. Aweil is the capital of the state.

## History

[edit]

Because of its proximity to Kordofan and the presence of a railway line through it to Wau, it suffered extensively in the 1983–2005 civil war in southern Sudan. North Bahr al Ghazal and adjacent parts of Western Kordofan to the north were among the most politically sensitive regions in Sudan. Missriya Arabs from Kordofan have interacted with Dinka in this region over a long time. While relations during the colonial era were largely peaceful, the war saw an upsurge in hostilities. Government backing to the Missriya gave them a decided advantage over local Dinka groups, and raiding by murahileen militias (and other government backed groups, including some Dinka militias) resulted in considerable loss of life, widespread abduction and pillaging of Dinka villages. Many of these raids coincided with the movement of government trains to and from Kordofan to Wau.

It had the highest rate of poverty, 76% according to government statistics, of the 10 states of South Sudan.[4]

In October 2015, President Salva Kiir divided the original ten states of South Sudan into 28 states. Northern Bahr el Ghazal was divided into the new states of Aweil, Aweil East, and a part of Lol.

On 22 January 2020, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, along with the rest of the original ten states of South Sudan, was re-established at the conclusion of a peace agreement resolving the South Sudanese Civil War. Tong Aken Ngor, appointed by President Kiir as Governor of Aweil State in 2019, was sworn in as the Governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal in the wake of the state's re-establishment.

## Geography

[edit]

Situated in South Sudan's Bahr el Ghazal region, Northern Bahr el Ghazal occupies a majority of a region that is characterized by grassland floodplains and tropical savanna that make up around 33,559 km2, extending outward into neighboring Western Bahr el Ghazal and Warrap. Each county is divided into three geographical areas of different ground and water height. These areas are locally referred to as low-, middle-, or highlands - though there are actually no highlands in the state. The lowlands are only accessible during the dry season because annually, from May through November, the areas are flooded. Each county also has their own intermittent rivers that locals use for drinking water.[5]

The Lol River, which crosses the state, is a tributary of the Bahr al-Arab, flowing downstream from Unity, slicing westward through Warrap and Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and ending in Western Bahr el Ghazal.

### Hazards

[edit]

Annual floods are common throughout Northern Bahr el Ghazal, affecting residential areas. In 2008, a flood in Aweil South County displaced 40,000 people. In 2010, a flood took out 70% of livestock and crops in Aweil South County and Aweil West County; in Aweil, around 60% was destroyed. Thousands of people were greatly affected by the flood in 2010.[6]

## Government

[edit]

Retired Gen. Salva Chol Ayat was the last Acting governor of the state. He replaced Kuel Aguer Kuel in April 2015.The incumbent governor is Hon. Tong Aken Ngor.

### Administration

[edit]

Northern Bahr al Ghazal, like other states in South Sudan, is divided into counties; there are five counties, headed by a County Commissioner, as detailed below:[7]

County | Area (km2) | Population
Census 2008 | County Headquarter

|
|
|

Aweil North | 6,376.53 | 129,127 | Gok Machar
Aweil East | 6,172.23 | 309,921 | Wanyjok
Aweil South | 1,786.95 | 73,806 | Malek Alel
Aweil West | 5,030.22 | 166,217 | Nyamlell
Aweil Central | 11,177.40 | 41,827 | Aweil

The counties are further divided into Payams, then Bomas.

## Infrastructure

[edit]

By 2009, accessibility of Northern Bahr al Ghazal had been greatly improved. In 2007, the reconstruction of roads and bridges began. All county headquarters across the state were connected by all-weather roads with the exception of Aroyo, then the capital of Aweil Center County. In 2019, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations announced a project to develop multi-purpose water infrastructure in Koum. It is the lowest developed region of the entire globe according to the HDI.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "South Sudan: States and counties". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
3. ^ "Northern Bahr El Ghazal". South Sudan Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Commission. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
4. ^ "In pictures: The life of a nurse in South Sudan". bbcnews.com. 23 September 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
5. ^ "STATE REPORT NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL". International Organization for Migration. 2010.
6. ^ "Thousands affected by flooding in Aweil". United Nations Mission in Sudan. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
7. ^ 2008 South Sudan Population Ma By County

## Books

[edit]

* Francis M. Deng, 1995, War of Visions, Conflict of Identities in the Sudan, (Washington D.C.: Brookings)
* Human Rights Watch, 1999, Famine in Sudan, 1998, The Human Rights Causes, (New York, Human Rights Watch).
* Dave Eggers, 2006, What is the What, (New York, Vintage Books).
* David Keen, 1994, The Benefits of Famine, A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan, 1983–1989, (New Jersey, Princeton University Press).
* Garang Malong, 2012, Theatre of Hope (Nairobi University, Kenya)
* Aweil graduates network (2013)

## External links

[edit]

* John Ryle, Jok Madut Jok and Fergus Boyle, 2003, Sudan Abduction and Slavery Project, Abductee Database 2003 Report
* "Northern Bahr el Ghazal State gets in new cabinet" [1][permanent dead link]

* v
* t
* e

South Sudan political divisions

Bahr el Ghazal|

| States|

* Western Bahr el Ghazal
* Northern Bahr el Ghazal
* Warrap
* Lakes

|

Area with special
administrative status|

* Abyei

Equatoria|

| States|

* Eastern Equatoria
* Central Equatoria
* Western Equatoria

|

Greater Upper Nile|

| States|

* Unity
* Upper Nile
* Jonglei

|

Administrative Areas|

* Greater Pibor
* Ruweng

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