Northern Mindanao

Administrative region of the Philippines

Region in Mindanao, Philippines

Northern Mindanao

Region X

Region

From top, left to right: Kitanglad Mountain Range in Bukidnon, White Island in Camiguin, Maria Cristina Falls in Iligan, Port of Cagayan de Oro in Misamis Oriental, and Skyline of Cagayan de Oro

Anthem: "Martsa Rehiyon Diyes"
Old Version

Revised Version

Location in the Philippines

OpenStreetMap

Coordinates: 8°45′N 124°55′E﻿ / ﻿8.75°N 124.92°E﻿ / 8.75; 124.92
Country| Philippines
Island group| Mindanao
Regional center
and largest city| Cagayan de Oro
Area

• Total

| 20,496.02 km2 (7,913.56 sq mi)
Highest elevation

(Mount Dulang-dulang)

| 2,941 m (9,649 ft)
Population

(2024 census)[1]

• Total

| 5,178,326
• Density| 250/km2 (650/sq mi)
GDP (Nominal, 2024)

• Total| US$22.3 billion[2]
• Per capita| US$4,276[2]
Time zone| UTC+8 (PST)
ISO 3166 code| PH-10
Provinces|

* Bukidnon
* Camiguin
* Lanao del Norte
* Misamis Occidental
* Misamis Oriental

Independent cities|

* Cagayan de Oro
* Iligan

Component cities|

* El Salvador
* Gingoog
* Malaybalay
* Oroquieta
* Ozamiz
* Tangub
* Valencia

Municipalities| 84
Barangays| 2,022
Cong. districts| 14
Languages|

* Cebuano
* Maranao
* Subanen
* Higaonon
* Bukid
* Kamigin
* Ilianen
* Matigsalug
* Iranun
* Western Bukidnon
* Hiligaynon
* Waray
* Tagalog
* English

HDI|  0.694 (Medium)
HDI rank| 12th in the Philippines (2019)
Website| www.northernmindanao.com

Northern Mindanao (Cebuano: Amihanang Mindanao; Maranao: Pangotaraan Mindanao; Tagalog: Hilagang Mindanao) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, as well as two highly urbanized cities: Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, all occupying the northern-central part of Mindanao, including the island of Camiguin. The regional center and largest city is Cagayan de Oro.

## Etymology and history

[edit]

The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao island. The term was officially coined by the Americans after the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines due to the defeat of Filipino revolutionaries. There have been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the Cebuano ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to 'northern area' from the Cebuano language, which is the lingua franca of the region.

Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36 in September 2001.[3]

## Geography

[edit]

Northern Mindanao has a total land area of 2,049,602 hectares (5,064,680 acres).[4] More than 60% of Northern Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products. The abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.

### Administrative divisions

[edit]

Northern Mindanao consists of five provinces, two highly urbanized cities, seven component cities, 84 municipalities, and 2,022 barangays.

Map of Region X

#### Provinces

[edit]

* † Regional center

Province or HUC | Provincial Capital  | Population (2020)[5] | Area[4][6] | Density  | Cities  | Muni. | Barangay

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  | km2 | sq mi  | /km2 | /sq mi  |  |  |
Bukidnon | Malaybalay | 30.7% | 1,541,308  | 10,498.59  | 4,053.53  | 150  | 390  | 2  | 20  | 464
Camiguin | Mambajao | 1.8% | 92,808  | 241.44  | 93.22  | 380  | 980  | 0  | 5  | 58
Lanao del Norte | Tubod | 14.4% | 722,902  | 3,354.16  | 1,295.05  | 220  | 570  | 0  | 22  | 462
Misamis Occidental | Oroquieta City | 12.3% | 617,333  | 2,055.22  | 793.52  | 300  | 780  | 3  | 14  | 490
Misamis Oriental | † Cagayan de Oro | 19.1% | 956,900  | 3,131.52  | 1,209.09  | 310  | 800  | 2  | 23  | 424
Cagayan de Oro | †  | —  | 14.5% | 728,402  | 412.80  | 159.38  | 1,800  | 4,700  | —  | —  | 80
Iligan | †  | —  | 7.2% | 363,115  | 813.37  | 314.04  | 450  | 1,200  | —  | —  | 44
Total  | 5,022,768  | 20,458.51  | 7,899.07  | 250  | 600  | 9  | 84  | 2,022

† Cagayan de Oro and Iligan are highly urbanized cities; figures are excluded from Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte respectively.

##### Governors and vice governors

[edit]

Province  | Image  | Governor  | Political Party  | Vice Governor

|
|
|
|

Bukidnon

|  | Rogelio Neil Roque |  | PFP | Clive D. Quiño

Camiguin

|  | Xavier Jesus Romualdo  |  | Lakas | Rodin M. Romualdo

Lanao del Norte

|  | Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo  |  | Lakas | Allan J. Lim

Misamis Occidental

|  | Henry Oaminal |  | Nacionalista | Rowena Gutierrez

Misamis Oriental

|  | Juliette Uy |  | NUP | Jeremy Pelaez

#### Cities

[edit]

* † Regional center

City  | Population (2015)[1] | Area[citation needed] | Density  | City class  | Province

|
|
|
|
|

|  | km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi |  |  |  |
† Cagayan de Oro | 728,402  | 412.80  | 159.38  | 1,800  | 4,700  | Highly urbanized city  | Misamis Oriental
El Salvador | 58,771  | 106.15  | 40.98  | 550  | 1,400  | Component
Gingoog | 136,698  | 568.44  | 219.48  | 240  | 620
Iligan | 363,115  | 813.37  | 314.04  | 450  | 1,200  | Highly urbanized city  | Lanao del Norte
Malaybalay | 190,712  | 969.19  | 374.21  | 200  | 520  | Component  | Bukidnon
Oroquieta | 72,301  | 237.88  | 91.85  | 300  | 780  | Misamis Occidental
Ozamiz | 140,334  | 169.95  | 65.62  | 830  | 2,100
Tangub | 68,389  | 162.78  | 62.85  | 420  | 1,100
Valencia | 216,546  | 587.29  | 226.75  | 370  | 960  | Bukidnon

## Demographics

[edit]

Population census of Northern MindanaoYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1903 | 162,036| —
1918 | 273,415| +3.55%
1939 | 580,857| +3.65%
1948 | 772,322| +3.22%
1960 | 1,101,957| +3.01%
1970 | 1,611,228| +3.87%
1975 | 1,883,408| +3.18%
1980 | 2,226,169| +3.40%
1990 | 2,811,646| +2.36%
1995 | 3,197,059| +2.44%
2000 | 3,505,708| +2.00%
2007 | 3,952,437| +1.67%
2010 | 4,297,323| +3.09%
2015 | 4,689,302| +1.68%
2020 | 5,022,768| +1.46%
2024 | 5,178,326| +0.73%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[1][7]

Northern Mindanao is the 8th most populous region in the Philippines and 2nd in Mindanao (after Davao Region) according to the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority Census. The major urban area of Region X is Metro Cagayan de Oro which includes Cagayan de Oro and some municipalities and cities of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon.

The vast majority of the region's inhabitants descended from migrants from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor and Negros Oriental. Some other inhabitants are of Bicolano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Waray, Zamboangueño, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug descent, while the autochthonous Bukidnons and Manobos populate the inner highlands.

The largest religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholicism forming 72% of the population and Protestants forming a significant minority of 14%. The second largest religion is Islam, forming 8% of the population.[8]

The main language spoken in the region is Cebuano which is spoken with Northern Mindanao variant that is slightly different from standard Cebuano. The region is also home to sizeable speakers of Bohol dialect of Cebuano. Higaonon, Manobo and Binukid are among the languages native in the region, as are Maguindanaon and Maranao. Also spoken varyingly in the region are Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan and Waray. Tagalog (Filipino) and English are widely understood and often used for administrative functions by the local government, business and in education.

## Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Northern Mindanao

2000
48.64

2003
44.00

2006
39.01

2009
40.11

2012
39.47

2015
38.72

2018
23.08

2021
19.20

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

An aerial view of Cagayan de Oro as seen in August 2017

The economy of Northern Mindanao is the second largest regional economy in the island of Mindanao.[17] While still a mainly agricultural region, there is also a booming growth of industries particularly in Cagayan de Oro and in Iligan. Del Monte Philippines is located in the province of Bukidnon and its processing plant is located in Cagayan de Oro, where it ships its products to the rest of the Philippines and Asia-Pacific region. The Agus-IV to VII Hydroelectric Plants in Iligan and Balo-i supply most of its electrical power in Mindanao.

## Notable people

[edit]

Main pages: Bukidnon § Notable people, Camiguin § Notable people, Lanao del Norte § Notable person, Iligan § Notable personalities, Misamis Occidental § Notable people, Category:People from Misamis Oriental, and List of people from Cagayan de Oro

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Census of Population (2015). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
2. ^ a b "2022 to 2024 Gross Regional Domestic Product" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority.
3. ^ "Executive Order No. 36; Providing for the Reorganization of the Administrative Regions in Mindanao and for Other Purposes". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Malacañang, Manila, Philippines. September 19, 2001. Retrieved March 29, 2016. "SECTION 2. Region X, known as Northern Mindanao, is hereby reorganized and shall be composed of the following provinces and cities: a. Provinces i. Bukidnon ii. Camiguin iii. Lanao del Norte iv. Misamis Occidental v. Misamis Oriental b. Cities i. Cagayan de Oro City ii. Gingoog City iii. Iligan City iv. Malaybalay City v. Oroquieta City vi. Ozamis City vii. Tangub City viii. Valencia City, Bukidnon"
4. ^ a b "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
5. ^ Census of Population (2020). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
6. ^ "List of Cities". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
7. ^ "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities" (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
9. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
10. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
11. ^ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
12. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
13. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
14. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
15. ^ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
16. ^ "2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 15, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
17. ^ Pelone, Ruel V. (February 7, 2010). "Region 10: Mindanao's dominant regional economy". Cagayan de Oro: Business Week Mindanao. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2010.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Northern Mindanao at Wikimedia Commons
* Northern Mindanao travel guide from Wikivoyage
* Geographic data related to Northern Mindanao at OpenStreetMap

Regions adjacent to Northern Mindanao

|  | Central Visayas
Bohol Sea |

|
|

|  |
Zamboanga Peninsula |

Northern Mindanao

| Caraga
|  |
| Bangsamoro, Soccsksargen | Davao Region

* v
* t
* e

Northern Mindanao (Region X)

Regional center|

* Cagayan de Oro

Provinces|

* Bukidnon
* Camiguin
* Lanao del Norte
* Misamis Occidental
* Misamis Oriental

Highly urbanized cities|

* Cagayan de Oro
* Iligan

Component cities|

* El Salvador
* Gingoog
* Malaybalay
* Oroquieta
* Ozamiz
* Tangub
* Valencia

Provincial capitals|

* Cagayan de Oro
* Malaybalay
* Mambajao
* Oroquieta
* Tubod

Municipalities|

* Aloran
* Alubijid
* Bacolod
* Baliangao
* Balingasag
* Balingoan
* Baloi
* Baroy
* Baungon
* Binuangan
* Bonifacio
* Cabanglasan
* Calamba
* Catarman
* Clarin
* Claveria
* Concepcion
* Damulog
* Dangcagan
* Don Carlos
* Don Victoriano
* Gitagum
* Guinsiliban
* Impasugong
* Initao
* Jasaan
* Jimenez
* Kadingilan
* Kalilangan
* Kapatagan
* Kauswagan
* Kibawe
* Kinoguitan
* Kitaotao
* Kolambugan
* Lagonglong
* Laguindingan
* Lala
* Lantapan
* Libertad
* Libona
* Linamon
* Lopez Jaena
* Lugait
* Magsaysay (Lanao del Norte)
* Magsaysay (Misamis Oriental)
* Mahinog
* Maigo
* Malitbog
* Mambajao
* Manolo Fortich
* Manticao
* Maramag
* Matungao
* Medina
* Munai
* Naawan
* Nunungan
* Opol
* Panaon
* Pangantucan
* Pantao Ragat
* Pantar
* Plaridel
* Poona Piagapo
* Quezon
* Sagay
* Salay
* Salvador
* San Fernando
* Sapad
* Sapang Dalaga
* Sinacaban
* Sugbongcogon
* Sultan Naga Dimaporo
* Sumilao
* Tagoloan (Lanao del Norte)
* Tagoloan (Misamis Oriental)
* Talakag
* Talisayan
* Tangcal
* Tubod
* Tudela
* Villanueva

Mindanao, Republic of the Philippines

* v
* t
* e

Regions of the Philippines

Luzon|

* NCR - National Capital Region
* CAR - Cordillera Administrative Region
* I - Ilocos Region
* II - Cagayan Valley
* III - Central Luzon
* IV-A - Calabarzon
* Mimaropa - Southwestern Tagalog Region
* V - Bicol Region

Visayas|

* VI - Western Visayas
* NIR - Negros Island Region
* VII - Central Visayas
* VIII - Eastern Visayas

Mindanao|

* IX - Zamboanga Peninsula
* X - Northern Mindanao
* XI - Davao Region
* XII - Soccsksargen
* XIII - Caraga Region
* BARMM - Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

Former regions|

* ARMM - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
* IV - Southern Tagalog

Authority control databases

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[HUC]: Highly urbanized city; administered independently from any province
*[Muni.]: Municipalities
*[Barangay]: Barangays
*[Pop.]: Population
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
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