November 2013 North American storm complex

November 2013 severe weather event

November 2013 North American storm complex

Snow at a residence in Stirling, Ontario, Canada on November 27

Meteorological history
Formed| November 22, 2013
Dissipated| November 27, 2013
Winter storm
Highest winds| 102 mph (164 km/h) on Mount Washington, New Hampshire
Lowest temperature| −3 °F (−19 °C) in Saranac Lake, New York
Maximum rainfall| 5.20 in (132 mm) on Mount Lemmon, Arizona
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion| 4 ft (48 in) in the Four Corners area
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes| 3
Maximum rating| EF2 tornado

* * *

Overall effects
Fatalities| 14
Injuries| ≥104
Damage| $7,262,000
Areas affected| Western, Southern, Southeast, and Northeastern United States
Power outages| >130,150

* * *

Part of the 2013–14 North American winter

In November 2013, a severe weather outbreak and winter storm, with the latter unofficially named Winter Storm Boreas by The Weather Channel,[1] impacted much of the Western, Southern, and Northeastern United States, as well as southeastern Canada. First impacting the Western United States on November 22 and causing eight deaths, the winter storm then traversed across the South, canceling more than 500 flights at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport and causing a 40-car pileup on Interstate 40 near Vega, Texas, killing 3 people and injuring 11 others.[2] The storm system then moved across the East Coast of the United States, causing a severe weather outbreak which produced seven tornadoes, including an EF2 tornado which injured two people in North Carolina. Strong winds and heavy snow and rainfall occurred across much of the Northeastern United States, with numerous flood warnings being issued and prompting a snow emergency to be issued in western Maryland.[3] Next impacting Canada, the storm system produced heavy snowfall which caused more than 130 vehicle accidents.[4] Overall, the storm system caused 14 deaths,[5][6][7] at least 104 injuries,[a] and hundreds of flight cancellations.[9][10]

## Meteorological synopsis[edit]

A satellite image showing the area of low pressure in the Southwestern United States on November 23

On November 22 and 23, a 1012-millibar (29.88 inches) surface low was located 75 miles (121 km) southwest of San Diego, California.[11] Mixed precipitation developed ahead of an occluded front that was attached to the low, causing impacts across the Western United States.[11] The surface low then moved inland a few hours later,[12] producing freezing rain, sleet, and heavy snowfall and rainfall as the low moved southwest of Phoenix, Arizona.[13] The next day, on November 24, the surface low dissipated along the surface front, though an upper-level vortex produced mixed precipitation ahead of the vortex across areas from Arizona to Texas.[14] The upper-level low-pressure area then moved slowly eastward across the Southwestern United States,[15] producing heavy snowfall and freezing rain across the southern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains,[16] and on November 25, the low-pressure area moved out of the Rocky Mountains and into the Texas panhandle, producing heavy rainfall and freezing rain across east Texas and the lower Mississippi River valley.[17][18] A low-pressure area then formed several hours later formed in the Gulf of Mexico 190 miles (310 km) of Lake Charles, Louisiana, and as mixed precipitation fell north of the low-pressure area, snow fell as far north as the lower Great Lakes region.[19]

The low-pressure moved eastward offshore of the Louisiana coast southwest of New Orleans in the early morning hours of November 26,[20] and the pressure dropped to 1004 millibars several hours later while still moving eastward, located just south of Gulf Shores, Alabama at 9:00 AM CST (14:00 UTC).[21] The low-pressure area strengthened and dropped its pressure by one millibar, as it moved eastward to south of Tallahassee, Florida, with a warm front attached to the low moving inland in the Southeastern United States and a cold front moving towards the Florida coastline.[22] Heavy rainfall occurred across the Southeast, along with the low-pressure area that was located northwest of Columbia, South Carolina.[23]

On November 27, the area of low pressure strengthened and dropped its pressure to 998 millibars, and moved north along the East Coast of the United States to east of Washington, D.C., as a second area of low pressure with the same strength developed in central South Carolina.[24] Heavy rainfall continued across the Southeast, and snow fell from the Ohio Valley to the interior Northeastern United States.[24] Rain spread into the Mid-Atlantic region several hours later, and the organized area of heavy rains moved off the Southeast, mixing with sleet and snow as heavy snowfall occurred across much of the Northeast.[25] The snow then tapered off in the late hours of November 27 as the low-pressure area moved into southeastern Canada and strengthened, dropping its pressure to 984 millibars.[26] As a result, heavy snow fell in southeastern Canada on November 27 and 28, and also causing snow squalls.[27]

## Impact[edit]

### Western United States[edit]

A satellite image showing snow in the aftermath of the winter storm across the western United States on November 26

The winter storm first impacted the Western United States on November 22, bringing strong winds and heavy snow and rainfall. Strong wind gusts led to more than 50,000 power outages in California.[28] One downed power line started a wildfire, which grew more than 100 acres (0.16 sq mi), leading to evacuations.[28] A 76 miles per hour (122 km/h) wind gust was recorded on Laguna Peak, California.[11]

In anticipation of heavy snowfall and icy conditions, several roads in the Angeles National Forest were closed.[29] Several schools across Arizona and New Mexico delayed openings due to the heavy snowfall.[30] South of Ely, Nevada, U.S. Route 93 was closed, and hundreds of car accidents occurred across Arizona and New Mexico.[31] Interstate 10 in New Mexico and western Texas was covered in ice and snow.[32] Flagstaff, Arizona recorded 11 inches of snow, and near the Four Corners as much as 4 feet (48 in) of snow fell.[33] Heavy snow fell on Abajo Peak, Utah, where it received 41 inches (100 cm).[1] Between 50 and 60 vehicles were stranded due to heavy snowfall across higher elevations in eastern Lincoln County, Nevada.[34]

Phoenix, Arizona received 1.6 inches (41 mm) of rain on November 23, which became the second-wettest November day there on record.[32] Flooding also closed several miles of Arizona State Route 303 across western portions of Phoenix, and Arizona State Route 67 to Grand Canyon National Park was closed.[30] As a flood watch was in effect for the entire Phoenix metropolitan area,[35] heavy rainfall forced several Arizona Interscholastic Association school playoff games to be postponed.[31] Thunderstorms produced lightning, hail, and heavy rainfall across Antelope Valley in southern California, with the latter impact leading to flooding across roads.[29] Five people were rescued from an island after the Santa Ana River swelled in San Bernardino County, California.[36] Several flights at Harry Reid International Airport were delayed of up to three hours,[30] and 112 vehicle accidents were reported across the Las Vegas area in a five-hour span.[37] Portions of Interstate 40 west of Albuquerque, New Mexico reported near-whiteout conditions, and roads were closed along the New Mexico-Texas border, including in the El Paso, Texas area.[38] Overall, the impacts from the storm complex in the Western United States led to six deaths and four injuries.[30][39][40]

### Southern United States[edit]

#### Texas[edit]

A radar animation loop showing snow and sleet impacting parts of western Texas and eastern New Mexico on November 23

Prior to the winter storm, McDonald Observatory closed, and a winter storm warning was issued for portions of the state.[41][42] Several multi-car pileups occurred on Interstate 40 near Vega, which killed three people and injured 11 others,[2] while a 15-car pileup occurred on Texas State Highway 191 in Odessa.[43] Several highways, including westbound lanes of Interstate 10 and Interstate 20, were closed.[43] A bus carrying Willie Nelson's band crashed on Interstate 30 in Sulphur Springs, Texas, injuring three of the band's members, including Paul English, the drummer of the band.[33][44][45] The bridge itself where the bus crashed sustained minor damage.[46] Additionally, there were 72 injury crashes across the Lubbock area on November 22.[8] All American Airlines flights at Midland International Air and Space Port were cancelled on November 23,[43] and more than 300 flights were canceled at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport on November 24,[47] and an additional 200 were canceled the next day.[9] Marfa Public Radio suffered a brief outage,[42] and 44,000 power outages occurred across Dallas.[10] Across western portions of the state, there were about 10,500 power outages.[43][48]

#### Elsewhere[edit]

In Oklahoma, more than 10 inches (25 cm) of snow fell across portions of the state as winter storm warnings and advisories were in effect.[49][50] At Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, 10 percent of flights on November 24 were canceled.[9] In Ashland, Oklahoma, 0.5 inches (13 mm) of sleet fell,[17] and four people were killed, all due to car accidents.[51][7]

Flight delays were reported at airports in Memphis, Tennessee.[52]

### Northeastern United States[edit]

A wind advisory was issued for portions of the New York metropolitan area and southwestern Connecticut.[7] Wind gusts over 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) occurred on Long Island, New York, and John F. Kennedy International Airport recorded a 47 miles per hour (76 km/h) wind gust.[53] High winds forced balloons associated with the 2013 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade to be lowered 5 feet (1.5 m) more than usual.[54] A snow emergency was issued in western Maryland, and power outages occurred across western New York as a result of the heavy snowfall.[3] Corry, Pennsylvania received 17 inches (43 cm) of snow.[55]

A flood watch was in effect for portions of the Northeast as the southern side of the winter storm produced heavy rainfall.[56] A flash flood warning was issued for southeastern New York and southwestern Connecticut, which included Peekskill, New York, Bridgeport, Connecticut, and New Haven, Connecticut.[57] Widespread flood warnings and advisories were issued for portions of the Northeast, including western parts of the New York metropolitan area.[57] Heavy rainfall also resulted in some Cross Sound Ferry trips being cancelled.[58] The flooding caused a vehicle accident on the westbound lanes of Schuylkill Expressway (I-76) near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which killed one person and left eight others injured.[59][60] The eastbound lanes of the expressway were also closed due to flooding.[56] Several underpasses were flooded across the state,[61] and street flooding occurred across portions of southwestern Connecticut and Long Island.[37] In New Jersey, the Ho-Ho-Kus Brook and the Rahway River overflowed their banks due to the heavy rainfall.[37]

As a cold front extending from the low-pressure area moved through the Northeast,[37] temperatures dropped to −3 °F (−19 °C) in Saranac Lake, New York,[62] and wind chills reached 0 °F (−18 °C) in Boston, Massachusetts.[33] Several ski resorts and mountains opened early, with some of them opening at their earliest date ever.[63][64] A 102 miles per hour (164 km/h) wind gust was recorded on Mount Washington, New Hampshire on November 27.[53]

Airport disruptions occurred during the winter storm, with 628 flights being canceled and nearly 6,000 flights being delayed up to two hours across several airports across the eastern United States, including airports in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and LaGuardia Airport in New York City.[3][65] Ground stops were issued for several major airports across the Northeast.[64] More than 11,000 power outages occurred across the Northeast, including nearly 6,000 in Pennsylvania,[66] more than 2,000 separately in Connecticut and New Jersey,[67][68] and 1,250 in Maine.[69] Among the power outages in Connecticut was a power transformer which blew and started a small fire.[61]

### Southeastern United States[edit]

The Storm Prediction Center's Day 1 outlook issued at 16:30 UTC on November 26, showing a widespread slight risk across the Southeast

See also: List of United States tornadoes from November to December 2013 § November 26 event

On November 26, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a level 2/slight risk of severe weather across the region, from Florida to North Carolina.[70] Several tornadoes touched down across the region, with portions of Morehead City and Atlantic Beach, North Carolina sustaining damage from an EF2 tornado amounting to $6.5 million.[71][72] The tornado injured two people, displaced 15 people,[3] and 6,000 power outages occurred in Carteret County, North Carolina.[71] A waterspout made landfall on Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, breaking two power poles, causing power outages.[3] Two tornadoes touched down in Florida, one EF1 tornado and one EF0 tornado, and altogether caused $200,000 in damage.[73] Sporadic wind damage occurred across the Southeast, with numerous uprooted trees and downed power lines and straight-line wind damage amounting to $52,000 in Florida,[73][74] and $10,000 in North Carolina.[72] Heavy rainfall also materialized across the Southeast, with the heaviest rain falling at Shelby–Cleveland County Regional Airport, receiving 4.89 inches (124 mm).[26]

Atlanta had less than an inch of snow, receiving 0.4 inches (1.0 cm), but it was the third November snow since 1930.[75] Wind advisories and winter weather alerts were issued for portions of Georgia, and 4,500 power outages occurred across the state,[76][77] and heavy rainfall caused flooding across roads near Ellijay, Georgia.[37] Ice accumulated across portions of western North Carolina, which downed trees across Henderson, Iredell, and Polk counties.[37]

### Elsewhere[edit]

Across the Midwestern United States, cold air from the winter storm resulted in heavy lake-effect snow showers across areas near Lake Michigan. The highest snow accumulation from the snow showers was in Coloma, Michigan, receiving 16 inches (41 cm) of snow.[78]

### Canada[edit]

Snow at Brock University in Ontario on November 27

In preparation of the winter storm, schools across Montreal were closed.[79] The winter storm impacted eastern portions of the country, primarily Quebec and Ontario,[80][81] with Ottawa receiving nearly 25 centimetres (9.8 in) of snow and Toronto recording more than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) of snow.[82][83] More than 130 vehicle accidents occurred on snow-covered roads, several of which resulted in four injuries.[4][81][82] Several vehicles slid off Ontario Highway 402, and heavy, sufficient snowfall led to Boler Mountain being opened early.[27] Snow squall warnings were also issued for portions of southeast Canada.[27] An early estimate of the cost of cleaning up was given as $550,000 after the winter storm in London, Ontario, and 125 vehicle snowplows were deployed.[4] More than 10,000 power outages occurred across Quebec, and several flights were cancelled at Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport.[80][82]

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ This includes the 72 injury crashes across the Lubbock, Texas area.[8] It is unknown exactly how many injuries occurred, though at least 72 were injured.

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