Novi Sad

For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation).

City in Vojvodina, Serbia

Novi Sad

Нови Сад (Serbian)
Újvidék (Hungarian)[1]
Nový Sad (Slovak)[1]
Нови-Сад (Ruthenian)[1]

City

Град Нови Сад
Grad Novi Sad
City of Novi Sad

Panorama of Novi Sad at night

Novi Sad City Hall

Petrovaradin Fortress

Petrovaradin Clock Tower

Name of Mary Church

St. George's Cathedral

Matica srpska

Freedom Square

Bishop's Palace

Novi Sad Synagogue

Flag

Coat of arms

Logo of Novi Sad

Nickname:

Serbian Athens

Novi Sad

Location within Serbia

Show map of Serbia

Novi Sad

Location with Vojvodina

Show map of Vojvodina

Novi Sad

Location within Europe

Show map of Europe

Coordinates: 45°15′15″N 19°50′33″E﻿ / ﻿45.25417°N 19.84250°E﻿ / 45.25417; 19.84250
Country|  Serbia
Province|  Vojvodina
District| South Bačka
Settled by Scordisci| 4th century B.C.
Founded| 1694
City status| 1 February 1748; 277 years ago (1748-02-01)
Government

• Mayor| Žarko Mićin (SNS)
• Ruling parties| SNS/SDPS/SPO–SPS/JS–SVM
Area

• City proper

| 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi)
• Urban

| 129.4 km2 (50.0 sq mi)
• Rank| 36th in Serbia
Elevation

| 80 m (262 ft)
Population

(2022)[4][5]

• City proper

| 295,650[2]
• Rank| 2nd in Serbia
• Metro

| 414,718[3]
Demonym(s)| Novosađanin
(Новосађанин, m.)
Novosađanka
(Новосађанка, f.) (sr)
Time zone| UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code|

21000

Area code| +381(0)21
Vehicle registration| NS
Official languages| Serbian together with Hungarian, Slovak and Pannonian Rusyn[1]
Website| www.novisad.rs

Novi Sad (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Сад, pronounced [nôʋiː sâːd] ⓘ; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia after the capital Belgrade and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the Pannonian Plain on the border of the Bačka and Syrmia geographical regions. Lying on the banks of the Danube river, the city faces the northern slopes of Fruška Gora and it is the fifth largest of all cities on the Danube River. It is the largest Danube city that is not the capital of an independent state.

According to the 2022 census[update], the population of the city proper area totals 295,650 [6] while its urban area (including the adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) comprises 327,174 inhabitants. According to the city's Informatika Agency, Novi Sad had 414,718 inhabitants (metro area) in 2025.[citation needed]

Novi Sad was founded in 1694, when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin Fortress, a strategic Habsburg military post. In subsequent centuries, it became an important trading, manufacturing and cultural centre, and has historically been dubbed the Serbian Athens.[7][8] The city was heavily devastated in the 1848 Revolution, but was subsequently rebuilt and restored. Today, along with the Serbian capital city of Belgrade, Novi Sad is an industrial and financial center important to the Serbian economy.

Novi Sad was the European Youth Capital in 2019 and the European Capital of Culture in 2022.[9] It became a UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts in 2023.[10][11]

## Name

[edit]

The name Novi Sad means "new plantation" in Serbo-Croatian. Its Latin name, stemming from the establishment of Habsburg city rights, is Neoplanta. The official names of Novi Sad in local administration are:[12][13]

* Serbian: Нови Сад / Novi Sad
* Hungarian: Újvidék
* Slovak: Nový Sad
* Rusyn: Нови Сад

In both Croatian and Romanian, which are official in provincial administration, the city is called Novi Sad. Historically, the city was called Neusatz and Neusatz an der Donau (translated as 'Novi Sad on the Danube') in German.

In its wider meaning, the name Grad Novi Sad refers to the "City of Novi Sad", one of the city-level administrative units of Serbia, which includes Novi Sad proper on the left bank of the Danube, the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin on the right bank and the extensive suburbs of the left bank. Novi Sad can also refer strictly to only the urban areas of the city (Novi Sad proper and the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin), or only to the historical core on the left bank, i.e. Novi Sad proper excluding Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin.

## History

[edit]

Main article: History of Novi Sad

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### Older settlements

[edit]

Roman golden helmet, Museum of Vojvodina

Historical affiliations

> Principality of Hungary 895-1000
>  Kingdom of Hungary 1000–1526
>  Ottoman Empire 1526–1687
>  Habsburg monarchy 1694–1804
>  Austrian Empire 1804–1867
>  Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867–1918
>  Kingdom of Serbia 1918
>  Kingdom of Yugoslavia[14] 1918–1941
>  Kingdom of Hungary 1941–1944
>  SFR Yugoslavia[15] 1944–1992
>  Serbia and Montenegro[16] 1992–2006
>  Republic of Serbia 2006–

Human habitation in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the Stone Age. Several settlements and necropolises dating to 5000 BC were unearthed during the construction of a new boulevard in Avijatičarsko Naselje.[17] A settlement was also identified on the right bank of the river Danube in present-day Petrovaradin.

In antiquity, the region was inhabited by Celtic tribes, most notably the Scordisci. Celts had been present in the area since the 4th century BC and founded the first fortress on the right bank of the Danube. Later, in the 1st century BC, the region was conquered by the Romans. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century, named Cusum, and included in the Roman province of Pannonia.

In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by Hunnic invasions. By the end of the century, the Byzantines had rebuilt the town and called it Petrikon or Petrikov (Greek: Πέτρικον) after Saint Peter. Slavic tribes such as the Severians, the Obotrites and the Serbs (including the subtribes of the Braničevci and the Timočani) settled the region around Novi Sad, mainly in the 6th and 7th centuries.[18][unreliable source?] The Serbs absorbed the aforementioned Slavic groups as well as the Paleo-Balkanic peoples of the region.[18]

In the Middle Ages, the area was controlled by the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Avars, Franks, West Slavic groups, again by the Byzantines, and finally by the Hungarians. It was a part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary from its foundation in 1000 until the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. Hungarians began to settle in the area, which before that time had been mostly populated by Slavs. The earliest known mention was as the Hungarian variant Peturwarad or Pétervárad (Serbian: Petrovaradin/Петроварадин), derived from the Byzantine variant, found in documents from 1237. That year, several other settlements were mentioned as existing in the territory of modern-day urban Novi Sad.[citation needed]

From the 13th century to the 16th century, the following settlements existed in the urban territory of the modern-day Novi Sad:[19][20]

* on the right bank of the Danube: Pétervárad (Serbian: Petrovaradin) and Kamanc (Serbian: Kamenica).
* on the left bank of the Danube: Baksa or Baksafalva (Serbian: Bakša, Bakšić), Kűszentmárton (Serbian: Sent Marton), Bivalyos or Bivalo (Serbian: Bivaljoš, Bivalo), Vásárosvárad or Várad (Serbian: Vašaroš Varad, Varadinci), Zajol I (Serbian: Sajlovo I, Gornje Sajlovo, Gornje Isailovo), Zajol II (Serbian: Sajlovo II, Donje Sajlovo, Donje Isailovo), Bistritz (Serbian: Bistrica). Some other settlements existed in the suburbs of Novi Sad: Mortályos (Serbian: Mrtvaljoš), Csenei (Serbian: Čenej), Keménd (Serbian: Kamendin), Rév (Serbian: Rivica).[citation needed]

An etymology of settlement names reveals that some designations are of Slavic origin, which indicates that the areas were initially inhabited by Slavs, particularly the West Slavs. For example, Bivalo (Bivaljoš) had a large Slavic settlement dating from the 5th–6th centuries.[19] Other names are of Hungarian origin (for example Bélakút, Kűszentmárton, Vásárosvárad, Rév), indicating that the settlements were inhabited by Hungarians before the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century.[20] Some settlement names are of uncertain origin.

Tax records from 1522 show a mix of Hungarian and Slavic names among the inhabitants of these villages, including Slavic names like Bozso (Božo), Radovan, Radonya (Radonja), Ivo, etc. Following the Ottoman invasion in the 16th–17th centuries, some of these settlements were destroyed. Most of the surviving Hungarian inhabitants retreated from the area. Some of the settlements persisted under Ottoman rule and were populated by ethnic Serbs.[citation needed]

Between 1526 and 1687, the region was under Ottoman rule. In 1590, the population of all villages in the territory of present-day Novi Sad numbered 105 houses, inhabited exclusively by Serbs. Ottoman records mention only those who paid taxes, so the number of Serbs who lived in the area (for example, those that served in the Ottoman army) was likely larger than was recorded.[21]

### Founding of Novi Sad

[edit]

Habsburgs prohibited Orthodox Christians to settle in Petrovaradin. That policy pushed Serbs to form the Serb city which later became Novi Sad. The city was proclaimed to be a free royal city by Maria Theresa by 1748.

Habsburg rule was aligned with the Roman Catholic doctrine and, as it took over this area near the end of the 17th century, the government prohibited people of Orthodox faith from residing in Petrovaradin. Unable to build homes there, the Serbs of the area founded a new settlement in 1694 on the left bank of the Danube. They initially called it the 'Serb city' (Serbian: Srpski Grad, German: Ratzen Stadt). Another name used for the settlement was Petrovaradinski Šanac. In 1718, the inhabitants of the village of Almaš were resettled to Petrovaradinski Šanac, where they founded Almaški Kraj ('the Almaš quarter').

According to 1720 data, the population of Ratzen Stadt was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the present names Novi Sad and Újvidék (Neoplanta in Latin) in 1748 when it became a 'free royal city', in German language it was called Neusatz.

The edict that made Novi Sad a 'free royal city' was proclaimed on 1 February 1748. The edict reads:

> ' We, Maria Theresa, by the grace of God Holy Roman Empress,
> Queen of Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Carinthia, [...]
> cast this proclamation to anyone, whom it might concern... so that the renowned Petrovaradinski Šanac, which lies on the other side of the Danube in the Bačka province on the Sajlovo land, by the might of our divine royal power and prestige...make this town a Free Royal City and to fortify, accept and acknowledge it as one of the free royal cities of our Kingdom of Hungary and other territories, by abolishing its previous name of Petrovaradinski Šanac, renaming it Neoplanta (Latin), Új-Vidégh (Hungarian), Neusatz (German) and Novi Sad (Serbian) '

In the 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy recruited Germans from the southern principalities of the Holy Roman Empire to relocate to the Danube valley. They wanted both to increase the population and to redevelop the river valley for agriculture, which had declined markedly under the Ottomans. To encourage such settlement, the government ensured that the German communities could practice their religion (mostly Catholicism) and use their original German dialect.

### Habsburg monarchy

[edit]

Serb uprising of 1848–49, Serbian patriarch Josif Rajačić is giving a blessing to the army of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848.

For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad remained the largest city inhabited by Serbs. The reformer of the Serbian language, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad was the 'largest Serb municipality in the world'. It was a cultural and political centre for Serbs (see also Serbian Revival), who did not have their own national state at the time. Due to its cultural and political influence, the city became known as the 'Serbian Athens' (Srpska Atina in Serbian). According to 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were Orthodox Christians, 5,724 Catholics, 1,032 Protestants, 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the Armenian church. The largest ethnic group in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were Germans.

Novi Sad panoramic view, 1920s Petrovaradin Podgrađe (Petrovaradin Inner City) and Petrovaradin Fortress, 1920s

During the Revolution of 1848–49, Novi Sad was part of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. In 1849, the Hungarian garrison, located at the Petrovaradin Fortress, bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population. According to the 1850 census, there were only 7,182 citizens left in the city, compared to 17,332 in 1843. Marija Trandafil and her husband paid for some of the rebuilding including two churches.[22] Between 1849 and 1860, Novi Sad was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into the Batsch-Bodrog County. The post office was opened in 1853.

Following the compromise of 1867, Novi Sad was located within the Kingdom of Hungary, the Transleithania, which comprised half of the new Austro-Hungarian Empire. During this time, the Magyarization policy of the Hungarian government drastically altered the demographic structure of the city as the formerly predominantly Serbian population became one with a more mixed character. In 1880, 41.2% of the city's inhabitants used the Serbian language most frequently and 25.9% employed Hungarian. In the following decades, the percentage of Serbian-speakers decreased, while the number of Hungarian-speakers increased. According to the 1910 census, the city had 33,590 residents, of whom 13,343 (39.72%) spoke Hungarian, 11,594 (34.52%) Serbian, 5,918 (17.62%) German and 1,453 (4.33%) Slovak. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were the larger ethnic group in the city in 1910, since the various ethnic groups (Bunjevci, Romani, Jews, other South Slavic people, etc.) were classified in census results only according to the language they spoke.[23]

Similar demographic changes can be seen in the religious structure: in 1870, the population of Novi Sad included 8,134 Orthodox Christians, 6,684 Catholics, 1,725 Calvinists, 1,343 Lutherans, and others.[24] In 1910, the population included 13,383 Roman Catholics and 11,553 Orthodox Christians, while 3,089 declared themselves as Lutheran, 2,751 as Calvinist, and 2,326 as Jewish.[25]

### Serbia and Yugoslavia

[edit]

Great Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other Slavs proclaimed the unification of Vojvodina region with the Kingdom of Serbia in Novi Sad in 1918.

On 25 November 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of the region of Vojvodina with the Kingdom of Serbia. From 1 December 1918, Novi Sad was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; and in 1929, it became the capital of the Danube Banovina, a province of the newly named Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1921, the population of Novi Sad numbered 39,122 inhabitants, 16,293 of whom spoke the Serbian language, 12,991 Hungarian, 6,373 German, 1,117 Slovak, etc.[26]

In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the Axis powers, and its northern parts, including Novi Sad, were annexed by Hungary. During World War II, about 5,000 citizens were murdered and many others were resettled. During the three days of the Novi Sad raid (21–23 January 1942) alone, Hungarian police killed 1,246 citizens, among them more than 800 Jews, and threw their corpses into the icy waters of the Danube.

Prince Tomislav Bridge, destroyed on 11 April 1941 by the Yugoslav army during the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The bridge was replaced by the Marshal Tito Bridge in 1945 and later Varadin Bridge in 2000.

The total death toll of the raid was around 2,500.[27][28] Citizens of all nationalities—Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks, and others—fought together against the Axis authorities.[28] In 1975 the whole city was awarded the title People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

"The Family" by Jovan Soldatović, Monument dedicated to the victims of the Novi Sad raid, which took place during the Hungarian occupation in WWII.

The Yugoslav Partisans of Syrmia and Bačka entered the city on 23 October 1944. During the military administration of Banat, Bačka and Baranja (17 October 1944 – 27 January 1945), the Partisans killed tens of thousands, mostly Serbs, Germans, and Hungarians, who were perceived as opponents to the new regime.[29][better source needed]

Novi Sad became part of the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of Vojvodina, a province of the Republic of Serbia. The city went through rapid industrialization and its population more than doubled in the period between World War II and the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s.

After 1992, Novi Sad became a part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Devastated by NATO bombardment during the Kosovo War of 1999, Novi Sad was left without any of its three Danube bridges (Žeželj Bridge, Varadin Bridge and Liberty Bridge), communications, water, and electricity. Residential areas were cluster-bombed several times while the oil refinery was bombarded daily, causing severe pollution and widespread ecological damage. In 2003, FR Yugoslavia was transformed into the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. These two states separated in June 2006 (following the May 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum), leaving Novi Sad part of the Republic of Serbia.

On 1 November 2024, the canopy of the main railway station in Novi Sad collapsed, killing fifteen people. The incident sparked a series of mass protests against government corruption.[30]

## Geography

[edit]

Novi Sad, Stari Grad (Old Town) panoramic view, 2022

The city lies on the meander of the river Danube, which is only 350 meters wide beneath the marking stones of Petrovaradin.[31] A section of the Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal marks the northern edge of the wider city centre. The main part of the city lies on the left bank of the Danube in the region of Bačka, while the smaller settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica lie on the right bank, in the region of Srem (Syrmia). The section situated on the left bank of the river lies on one of the southernmost and lowest parts of the Pannonian Plain, while Fruška Gora on the right bank is a horst mountain. Alluvial plains along the Danube are well-formed, especially on the left bank, and in some parts 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the river. A large part of Novi Sad lies on a fluvial terrace with an elevation of between 80 and 83 metres (262 and 272 feet). The northern part of Fruška Gora is composed of massive landslide zones, although they are largely inactive with the exception of the Ribnjak neighbourhood between Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin Fortress.[32]
The total land area of the city is 699 square kilometres (270 sq mi), while its urban area spans 129.7 km2 (50 sq mi).[31]

### Climate

[edit]

Novi Sad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa)[33] closely bordering on humid continental climate (Dfa) with a January mean of 0.7 °C (33.3 °F). The city experiences four distinct seasons. Autumn is drier than spring, with long sunny and warm periods. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 22 days of complete sub-zero temperature, and averages 22 days of snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average low of −2.5 °C (27.5 °F). Spring is usually short and rainy, while summer arrives abruptly. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Novi Sad was −30.7 °C (−23.3 °F) on 24 January 1963, and the hottest temperature ever recorded was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 24 July 2007.

Panoramic view from the Petrovaradin Fortress

The east-southeasterly wind, known as Košava, blows from the Carpathians and brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2 to 3-day intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25 to 43 km/h (16 to 27 mph), but gusts can sometimes reach up to 130 km/h (81 mph). In wintertime, accompanied by snow storms, the winds can cause large snow-drifts.

Climate data for Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 18.9
(66.0)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 31.5
(88.7)  | 34.2
(93.6)  | 37.6
(99.7)  | 41.6
(106.9)  | 40.2
(104.4)  | 37.4
(99.3)  | 30.1
(86.2)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 21.0
(69.8)  | 41.6
(106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 4.3
(39.7)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 12.7
(54.9)  | 18.4
(65.1)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 29.2
(84.6)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 5.1
(41.2)  | 17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 0.7
(33.3)  | 2.3
(36.1)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 12.4
(54.3)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 12.0
(53.6)  | 6.8
(44.2)  | 1.8
(35.2)  | 11.9
(53.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −2.5
(27.5)  | −1.7
(28.9)  | 1.9
(35.4)  | 6.6
(43.9)  | 11.4
(52.5)  | 14.9
(58.8)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 11.8
(53.2)  | 7.3
(45.1)  | 3.2
(37.8)  | −1.2
(29.8)  | 7.0
(44.6)
Record low °C (°F)  | −30.7
(−23.3)  | −28.6
(−19.5)  | −19.9
(−3.8)  | −6.2
(20.8)  | −0.4
(31.3)  | 0.2
(32.4)  | 5.4
(41.7)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | −1.6
(29.1)  | −6.4
(20.5)  | −13.8
(7.2)  | −24.0
(−11.2)  | −30.7
(−23.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 38.9
(1.53)  | 36.4
(1.43)  | 38.6
(1.52)  | 46.6
(1.83)  | 77.3
(3.04)  | 92.2
(3.63)  | 68.1
(2.68)  | 59.7
(2.35)  | 58.8
(2.31)  | 58.6
(2.31)  | 51.5
(2.03)  | 49.1
(1.93)  | 675.8
(26.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.1  | 10.5  | 10.6  | 11.2  | 13.4  | 11.1  | 9.9  | 8.1  | 10.1  | 10.1  | 10.8  | 12.9  | 130.8
Average snowy days  | 6.4  | 5.8  | 2.7  | 0.4  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.1  | 1.9  | 4.9  | 22.2
Average relative humidity (%)  | 85.5  | 80.2  | 70.8  | 64.4  | 67.9  | 69.7  | 68.2  | 67.4  | 72.5  | 77.1  | 82.1  | 86.7  | 74.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67.9  | 100.6  | 164.1  | 205.8  | 257.3  | 284.8  | 316.2  | 298.9  | 207.1  | 160.9  | 94.7  | 59.4  | 2,217.7
Source 1: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[34][35]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[36]

## Settlements

[edit]

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See also: List of buildings in Novi Sad

Liman Towers, tallest buildings in Novi Sad since 1990.

Novi Sad is a typical Central European town in terms of its architecture. The Town Hall and the Court House were built by Emmerich Kitzweger (1868–1917). The city was almost completely destroyed during the 1848/1849 revolution, so architecture from the 19th century dominates the city centre. Small, older houses used to surround the centre of town, but they are now being replaced by modern, multi-story buildings.

During the socialist period, new city blocks with wide streets and multi-story buildings were constructed around the city core. However, not many communist-style high-rise buildings were erected. The total number of apartment buildings, with ten or more floors, remained at about 50, the rest having mostly three to six floors. From 1962 to 1964, a new boulevard, today called Bulevar oslobođenja, was cut through the older neighbourhoods, establishing major communication lines. Several more boulevards were subsequently built in a similar manner, creating an orthogonal network which replaced the primarily radial structure of the old town. These interventions paved the way for a relatively unhampered growth of the city, which has almost tripled in population since the 1950s. Despite a huge increase in car ownership, traffic congestion is still relatively mild, apart from a few major arteries.

### Neighbourhoods

[edit]

Main article: Neighborhoods of Novi Sad

Dunavska street in Stari Grad, 2023.

Some of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city are Stari Grad (Old Town), Rotkvarija, Podbara, and Salajka. The areas of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin, located on the right bank of the Danube, were separate towns in the past, but today belong to the urban area of Novi Sad. Liman, as well as Bistrica, are neighbourhoods built during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with contemporary style buildings and wide boulevards (Liman was divided into four sections, numbered I–IV).

New neighbourhoods, like Liman, Detelinara and Bistrica, emerged from the fields and forests surrounding the city. Following World War II, tall residential buildings were constructed to house the huge influx of people leaving the country side. Many old houses in the city centre, from the Rotkvarija and Bulevar neighbourhoods, were torn down in the 1950s and 1960s, to be replaced by multi-story buildings. Since the city has experienced a major construction boom in the last 10 years, some neighbourhoods like Adamovićevo Naselje have completely been transformed.

Neighbourhoods with single-family homes are mostly located away from the city centre. Telep, situated in the southwest, and Klisa, in the north, are the oldest such districts. Adice and Veternik, both located west of the downtown area, have significantly expanded during the last 15 years, partly due to the influx of Serbian refugees fleeing the Yugoslav wars.

### Suburbs

[edit]

Beogradska street in Petrovaradin, 2023.

While Novi Sad's urban municipalities, which include Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica and Novi Sad proper, have a combined population of about 277,000, its suburban areas have approximately 65,000 inhabitants. Some 23.7% of the administrative city's total population resides in the suburbs, which consist of 12 settlements and 1 town.[37] The largest numbers live in Futog (pop. 20,000) and in Veternik (pop. 17,000) to the west. Both places have grown bigger over the years, especially during the 1990s, and have physically merged with the city.

Suburbs like Futog are officially classified as an 'urban settlement' (town), while other suburbs are mostly considered to be 'rural' (village). Ledinci, Stari Ledinci and Bukovac are all villages located on Fruška Gora's slopes, with the last two having only one paved road. Stari Ledinci is the most isolated and least populated village belonging to Novi Sad's suburban areas.

Towns and villages in the adjacent municipalities of Sremski Karlovci, Temerin and Beočin share the same public transportation system and are economically tied to Novi Sad.

City of Novi Sad:

City Municipality of Novi Sad

City Municipality of Petrovaradin

No.  | Name  | Status  | City municipality  | Population[37]

|
|
|
|

1 | Begeč | Village | Novi Sad | 3,325
2 | Budisava | 3,656
3 | Bukovac | Petrovaradin | 3,936
4 | Čenej | Novi Sad | 2,125
5 | Futog | Town | 18,641
6 | Kać | 11,740
7 | Kisač | Village | 5,091
8 | Kovilj | 5,414
9 | Ledinci | Petrovaradin | 1,912
10 | Rumenka | Novi Sad | 6,495
11 | Stari Ledinci | Petrovaradin | 934
12 | Stepanovićevo | Novi Sad | 2,021
13 | Veternik | Town | Novi Sad | 17,454

## Demographics

[edit]

See also: Demographic history of Novi Sad

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1798| 6,890| —
1848| 18,530| +168.9%
1900| 28,763| +55.2%
1910| 33,089| +15.0%
1921| 39,122| +18.2%
1931| 63,985| +63.6%
1941| 61,731| −3.5%
1948| 69,431| +12.5%
1953| 76,752| +10.5%
1961| 102,469| +33.5%
1971| 141,375| +38.0%
1981| 170,020| +20.3%
1991| 198,326| +16.6%
2002| 216,583| +9.2%
2011| 277,522| +28.1%
2022| 306,702| +10.5%
Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1948| 111,358| —
1953| 120,686| +1.62%
1961| 155,685| +3.23%
1971| 206,821| +2.88%
1981| 250,138| +1.92%
1991| 265,464| +0.60%
2002| 299,294| +1.10%
2011| 341,625| +1.48%
2022| 368,967| +0.70%
Source: [38][39]

Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade), and the largest city in Vojvodina. Since its founding, the population of the city has been constantly increasing. According to the 1991 census, 56.2% of the people who came to Novi Sad from 1961 to 1991 were from Vojvodina, while 15.3% came from Bosnia and Herzegovina and 11.7% from rest of Serbia.

In the 1990s and 2000s, the city experienced significant population growth. According to the 2022 census,[40] the city's population is 306,702, while in its urban area (including adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) there are 368,967 inhabitants.

### Ethnic groups

[edit]

The ethnic composition in the city administrative area (last three censuses):

Ethnicity  | 1991[41] | 2002[42] | 2011[43] | 2022[44]

|
|
|
|

Serbs | 173,420  | 225,995  | 269,117  | 289,119
Hungarians | 20,245  | 15,687  | 13,272  | 9,792
Slovaks | 8,165  | 7,230  | 6,596  | 5,458
Croats | 8,848  | 6,263  | 5,335  | 3,877
Yugoslavs | 32,803  | 9,514  | 2,355  | 3,465
Romani | 1,133  | 1,740  | 3,636  | 3,321
Russians | \-  | \-  | 329  | 2,766
Montenegrins | 6,226  | 5,040  | 3,444  | 2,225
Rusyns | \-  | 2,032  | 2,160  | 1,836
Muslims | 1,737  | 1,015  | 1,138  | 886
Gorani | \-  | 358  | 709  | 821
Macedonians | \-  | 1,144  | 1,111  | 819
Romanians | 902  | 860  | 891  | 706
Albanians | \-  | \-  | 356  | 476
Ukrainians | \-  | \-  | 484  | 454
Slovenians | \-  | \-  | 412  | 365
Germans | \-  | \-  | 429  | 294
Others  | 18,211  | 22,416  | 31,861  | 44,287
Total | 265,464  | 299,294  | 341,625  | 368,967

All of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Kisač has an ethnic Slovak majority.

### Religion

[edit]

See also: Religious architecture in Novi Sad

According to the 2011 census, the population of the administrative area of Novi Sad (comprising both municipalities) included 270,831 Orthodox Christians, 21,530 Catholics, 8,499 Protestants, 4,760 Muslims, 84 Jews, and others. The city is the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Bačka, the seat of the Bishop of the Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia and of the Muftiship of Novi Sad of the Islamic Community in Serbia.

## Culture

[edit]

Serbian National Theatre

In the 19th and early 20th century, Novi Sad was the capital of Serbian culture, earning it the nickname Serbian Athens.[45] During that time, many Serbian novelists, poets, jurists, and publishers had lived or worked in Novi Sad at some point in their career, including Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Mika Antić, Đura Jakšić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, among others. Matica srpska, the oldest cultural-scientific institution in Serbia, was moved from Budapest to Novi Sad in 1864, and now contains the second-largest library in the country, the Library of Matica srpska, with over 3.5 million volumes. The Serbian National Theatre, one of the oldest professional theatre among the South Slavs, was founded in Novi Sad in 1861.[46]

Today, Novi Sad is the second largest cultural centre in Serbia, after Belgrade. Municipal officials have made the city more attractive with numerous cultural events and music concerts. Since 2000, Novi Sad is home to the EXIT festival, one of the biggest music summer festivals in Europe. Other important cultural events include the Sterijino pozorje theatre festival, Zmaj Children Games, International Novi Sad Literature Festival, Novi Sad Jazz Festival, and many others.[47] Novi Sad also hosts a fashion show twice a year, attracting local and international designers. Called Serbia Fashion Week, the event also features the works of applied artists, musicians, interior decorators, multimedia experts and architects.[48]

In addition to the Serbian National Theatre, other prominent playhouses consist of the Novi Sad Theatre, Novi Sad Youth Theatre, and the Cultural Centre of Novi Sad. The Novi Sad Synagogue also houses many cultural events. Other cultural institutions include the Detachment of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art, Library of Matica Srpska, Novi Sad City Library and Azbukum. The city is also home to the Archive of Vojvodina, which has collected numerous documents from the Vojvodina region[49] dating back to 1565.

Novi Sad has several folk song societies, which are known as kulturno-umetničko društvo or KUD. The best known societies in the city are: KUD Svetozar Marković, AKUD Sonja Marinković, SKUD Željezničar, FA Vila and the oldest SZPD Neven, established in 1892.

National minorities express their own traditions, folklore and songs through various societies such as the Hungarian MKUD Petőfi Sándor, Slovak SKUD Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Ruthenian RKC Novi Sad.

Novi Sad was chosen to be the European Capital of Culture for 2021,[50] however its mandate was moved to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[51] From this mandate, the industrial zone in Liman neighborhood was repurposed as an artist quarter known as Distrikt. Due the continued efforts of local artists, the city became a UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts in 2023.[10][11]

### Cuisine

[edit]

Typical Serbian food can be found in Novi Sad, including traditional dishes like ćevapi, burek, kajmak, kiseli kupus, kiflice and pasulj, as well as fish dishes, local cheeses and charcuterie.[52] Restaurants and farmsteads offer fresh produce from local farmers and also regional vintages from Fruska Gora's wineries.[52][53] Modern alternatives are available at some of the city's top restaurants, which prepare traditional fare with an updated twist.[54][55] Pastry shops serve local specialties such as layered cakes made from ground nuts and cream, referred to as 'torta' in Serbian. Desserts also often include raspberries, one of the region's largest exports, and historic Dunavska Street is home to many ice cream parlors.[56][57]

Index sandwich, named after university student index books, is a popular local street food since the 1980s.[58] It is made out of a bread roll stuffed with melted cheese, ham, mushrooms and lashings of sauce.[59][60][61]

### Museums

[edit]

Museum of Vojvodina is an art and natural history museum.

The city has several museums and galleries, both public and privately owned. The best known institution in the city is the Museum of Vojvodina, founded in 1847,[62] which houses a permanent collection of Serbian culture and life in Vojvodina since ancient times.[51] The Museum of Novi Sad, located in the Petrovaradin Fortress,[63] has a permanent collection featuring the history of the old fortress and the city.[64]

The Gallery of Matica Srpska is the largest and most respected exhibition space in the city, with two galleries in the city centre. Other museums include Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina, The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić and The Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection, featuring one of the most extensive collections of Serbian art from the 1900s until the 1970s.

### Tourism

[edit]

Petrovaradin Fortress during the Exit festival

Since 2000, the number of tourists visiting Novi Sad each year has steadily risen. During the annual EXIT music festival in July, the city is full of young people from all over Europe. In 2017, over 200,000 visitors from 60 countries came to the festival, attending about 35 concerts.[65][66]

River cruise ship in Novi Sad, on the Danube river.

Other events include shows and congresses organized by Novi Sad Fair, a local management company, bringing in many businesspersons and entrepreneurs to the city. Every May, Novi Sad is home to the largest agricultural show in the region, having attracted 600,000 attendees in 2005.[67] The tourist port, near Varadin Bridge in the city centre, welcomes cruise boats from across Europe that travel the Danube river.

The most recognized structure in Novi Sad is the Petrovaradin Fortress, which dominates the skyline and also offers scenic views of the city. The nearby historic neighbourhood of Stari Grad has many monuments, museums, cafes, restaurants and shops. Also in the vicinity, is the Fruška Gora National Park, approximately 20 km (12 mi) from the city centre.

According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics of Serbia, a total of 234,708 tourist arrivals were realized in the territory of the City in 2023, which represents an increase compared to the same period in 2022 by 7.2 percent. Also, last year a total of 567,926 overnight stays were realized, which represents a growth of 1.2 percent.

## Economy

[edit]

Novi Sad is the economic centre of Vojvodina, the most fertile agricultural region in Serbia. The city also represents one of the largest economic and cultural hubs in Serbia.

Novi Sad had always been a developed city within the former Yugoslavia. In 1981, its GDP per capita was 172% of the Yugoslav average.[68] During the 1990s, the city, like the rest of Serbia, was severely affected by an internationally imposed trade embargo and hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar. The embargo, along with economic mismanagement, led to a decay or demise of once important industrial combines, such as Novkabel (electric cable industry), Pobeda (metal industry), Jugoalat (tools), Albus and HINS (chemical industry). Practically the only viable large facilities remaining today are the oil refinery, located northeast of the city, and the thermal power plant.

The economy of Novi Sad has mostly recovered from that period and grown strongly since 2001, shifting from an industry-driven economy to the tertiary sector. The processes involved in privatizing state and society-owned enterprises, as well as strong private incentives, have increased the share of privately owned companies to over 95% in the district, with small and medium-size enterprises dominating the city's economic development.[69]

The significance of Novi Sad as a financial centre is already proven, by being home to the national headquarters of numerous banks, such as Erste Bank, Vojvođanska banka, and Crédit Agricole;[70] as well as the third largest insurance company in Serbia, DDOR Novi Sad. Furthermore, the city is home to major energy companies like Naftna Industrija Srbije oil company and Srbijagas gas company. It is also the seat of many farms for wheat production and trade.

Petroleum Industry of Serbia

Novi Sad Fair Convention Center

Aleksandar Bulevar Centar

Novi Sad is also a growing information technology centre within Serbia, second only to Belgrade. As many as 900 IT companies operate in Novi Sad out of a total of 2,500 registered in the territory of the Republic of Serbia with over 11,500 employees. As of September 2017, Novi Sad has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.[71]

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):[72]

Activity  | Total

|

Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 1,633
Mining and quarrying | 749
Manufacturing | 25,675
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 1,474
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 1,769
Construction | 10,624
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 28,527
Transportation and storage | 8,904
Accommodation and food services | 7,229
Information and communication | 13,086
Financial and insurance activities | 4,717
Real estate activities | 845
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 13,115
Administrative and support service activities | 6,902
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 8,080
Education | 14,068
Human health and social work activities | 12,752
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 3,928
Other service activities | 3,899
Individual agricultural workers | 578
Total | 168,556

## Politics

[edit]

Main articles: Politics of Novi Sad and List of mayors of Novi Sad

Banovina Palace, seat of the provincial institutions of AP Vojvodina

Novi Sad is the administrative centre of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, and as such, home to Vojvodina's Government and Provincial Assembly.

The city's administrative bodies include the city assembly as the representative body, as well as the mayor and city government defining the executive bodies. The mayor and city assembly members are chosen through direct elections. The city assembly has 78 seats,[73] while the city government consists of 11 members. The mayor and members of the city's assembly are elected to four-year terms. The city government is elected by the city assembly at the proposal of the mayor.

As of 2025, the mayor of Novi Sad is Žarko Mićin of the Serbian Progressive Party.[74] While his party holds the majority of seats in the city assembly, the Socialist Party of Serbia, the Democratic Party of Serbia, as well as other parties and groups, are also represented.

The city of Novi Sad is divided into 47 local communities within two city municipalities, Novi Sad and Petrovaradin, which are separated by the Danube river.[75]

City holidays
1 February  | On this day, in 1748, Novi Sad gained 'free royal city' status.

|

23 October  | The partisan forces from Srem and Bačka entered and liberated the city from occupation on this day, in 1944.
9 November  | Troops of the Kingdom of Serbia entered the city on this day, in 1918, led by commandant Petar Bojović.
25 November  | In 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other Slavs of Vojvodina (Banat, Bačka and Baranja) in Novi Sad proclaimed the unification of Vojvodina region with the Kingdom of Serbia.

The city commemorates the year 1694, when it was established.[76]

Coat of arms

The design consists of three white towers placed in the centre, set against a blue sky. A white dove holding an olive branch flies above the larger middle tower. All three structures have rooftops with crenellations, as well as opened windows and closed gates. Below the towers lies a green background, with a wavy white line depicting the Danube River.

## Society

[edit]

### Education

[edit]

Main article: Education in Novi Sad

University of Novi Sad

Novi Sad is one of the most important centres of higher education and research in Serbia, with four universities overall and numerous professional, technical, and private colleges and research institutes, including a law school with its own publication.[77] The largest educational institution in the city is the University of Novi Sad, a public school established in 1960. As of 2012[update], it has 14 faculties, 9 of which are located on the main university campus.[78] It is attended by more than 50,000 students and has a total staff of nearly 5,000.[78]

Business Academy University and EducoNS University are private schools also located in the city.[79][80] Other educational institutions include Novi Sad Open University, offering professional courses in adult education, and the Protestant Theological Seminary.

As of 2022[update], there are 37 elementary schools (33 public and 4 private) with about 26,000 students.[81] The secondary school system consists of 25 vocational schools (12 public and 13 private) and 4 gymnasiums with almost 18,000 students.[81]

### Media

[edit]

Novi Sad has one major daily newspaper, Dnevnik, and among the periodicals, the monthly magazine Vojvodjanski magazin stands out. The city is also home to the headquarters of regional public broadcaster, Radio Television of Vojvodina (RTV), and municipal public broadcaster, Novosadska televizija,[82] as well as a few commercial TV stations such as Kanal 9,[83] Panonija[84] and RTV Most.[85] Major local commercial radio stations include Radio AS FM and Radio 021.[86]

Novi Sad is also known as a publishing centre. The most important publishing houses are Matica srpska, Stilos and Prometej. Well-known journals, in literature and art, include Letopis Matice srpske, the oldest Serbian Journal, Polja,[87] which is issued by the Cultural centre of Novi Sad, and Zlatna greda, published by the Association of Writers of Vojvodina.[88]

The city hosts an annual literature conference, Book Talk.[89]

### Sports

[edit]

Founded in 1790, the 'City Marksmen Association' became the first sporting organization in Novi Sad. Founded on 28 March 1885, VK Danubius 1885 is the oldest rowing club in former Yugoslavia.[90] A more widespread interest in competitive sports developed after the Municipal Association of Physical Culture was created in 1959 and when the Spens Sports center was built in 1981. Today, about 220 sports organizations are active in Novi Sad.

Professional sports in Novi Sad mostly revolve around the Vojvodina multi-sport association. Having won two championships in 1966 and 1989, the FK Vojvodina football club represents the 3rd all-time best team in Serbia, right behind its two Belgrade rivals, Red Star and Partizan. With 13 championship titles, OK Vojvodina is the top volleyball team in the country. As for handball, RK Vojvodina has won the national championship on multiple occasions.[91]

Athletes from Novi Sad had the honour of participating in the first Olympic Games in Athens. The largest number of Novi Sad competitors, to participate in the Olympics, was at the Atlanta Games. Eleven athletes won 6 medals there. Three also competed at the 1980 Moscow Games, while two participated in the 1976 Montreal Games and the 1956 Melbourne Games.

Spens Sports centre Karađorđe Stadium

Many national and international competitions are held in the city. Novi Sad played host to the European and World Championships in table tennis in 1981[92] and the 29th Chess Olympiad in 1990. It also welcomed the European and World Championships in sambo, the Balkan and European Championships in judo, the 1987 final match of the Saporta Cup in European basketball,[92][93] and the final tournament of the European volleyball cup.[92] Furthermore, Novi Sad co-hosted the 2005 European Basketball Championship, as well as hosting the 2017 Volleyball World League matches.[92][94] The year 2018 saw the city welcome the Senior European Fencing Championships and the European Senior Karate Championships.[92][94][95][96]

The city also holds traditional sporting events such as the Novi Sad marathon, international swimming competitions and many other events. The very first 'MTB Petrovaradin Fortress Cup' took place in 2018, allowing national and regional cyclists to compete. It is also the first mountain bike competition to be held in Serbia.[97]

Club  | Sport  | Founded  | League  | Venue

|
|
|
|

VK Danubius | Rowing | 1885  |  |
FK Vojvodina | Football | 1914  | Serbian Superliga | Karađorđe Stadium
RFK Novi Sad | Football | 1921  | Serbian League | Detelinara Stadium
FK Slavija Novi Sad | Football | 1926  |  | Stadion Salajka
FK Kabel | Football | 1932  | Serbian League Vojvodina | Stadion FK Kabel
VK Vojvodina | Water polo | 1938  | Serbian League, Regional League A2 | Slana Bara Sports center
OK Vojvodina | Volleyball | 1946  | Serbian volley league | Spens Sports center
KKK Vojvodina | Kayak and Canoe | 1947  |
KK Vojvodina | Basketball | 1948  | League B | Spens Sports center
RK Vojvodina | Handball | 1949  | Handball League of Serbia | Slana Bara Sports center
FK Proleter | Football | 1951  | Dissolved in 2022, merger with RFK Novi Sad  | Slana Bara Stadium
HK Vojvodina | Ice hockey | 1957  | Serbian Hockey League | Spens Sports center
FK Mladost | Football | 1972  | Serbian First League | GAT Arena
ŽFK Fruškogorac | Women's football | 1998  | Druga Liga Srbije Sever | GAT Arena

### Recreation

[edit]

Štrand, popular beach on the Danube river

The inhabitants of Novi Sad engage in a wide range of recreational and leisure activities. With regards to team sports, football and basketball have the highest numbers of participants. Cycling is also popular due to the city's flat terrain and the extensive off-road network, found in nearby mountainous Fruška Gora. Hundreds of commuters cycle the roads, bike lanes and bike paths daily.

Proximity to the Fruška Gora National Park attracts many city dwellers on the weekends. They enjoy the numerous hiking trails, restaurants and monasteries located in and around the mountain area. Occurring on the first weekend of every May, the Fruška Gora Marathon lets hikers, runners and cyclists take advantage of the many hiking trails.[98] During the summer months, citizens from Novi Sad visit Lake Ledinci in Fruška Gora, as well as the numerous beaches situated along the Danube, the largest being Štrand in the Liman neighbourhood. There are also several recreational marinas bordering the river.

## Transportation

[edit]

Main article: Transport in Novi Sad

Liberty Bridge

Air transport

Novi Sad currently does not have its own civil airport. The city is roughly a one-hour drive from Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, which connects it with capitals across Europe. The small Čenej Airfield to the north of the city is used for sporting and agricultural purposes. There are plans to upgrade it to serve for cargo and small-scale public transport,[99] but the future of this initiative is uncertain.

City transport
City bus

The main public transportation system in Novi Sad consists of bus lines, operated by the public company JGSP Novi Sad. There are twenty-one urban lines and thirty-five suburban lines, with the main bus terminal being at the northern end of the Liberation Boulevard (Bulevar oslobođenja) next to the Novi Sad railway station, in addition to a smaller terminal in the town center. There are numerous taxi companies serving the city.

The city used to have a tram system, but it was decommissioned in 1957.[100][101]

Rail and road transport

Novi Sad lies on branch B of the Pan-European Corridor X. The A1 motorway connects the city with Subotica and Hungary to the north and the capital city of Belgrade to the south. It runs parallel to the Budapest–Belgrade railroad, which connects it to major European cities. On 19 March 2022 the "Soko" (meaning "falcon") high-speed line between Novi Sad and Belgrade opened and runs with 18 departures daily. Its maximum speed is 200 km/h and the 75 kilometres between Belgrade and Novi Sad are covered in 35 minutes. Between Belgrade and Novi Sad there are a total of 60 departures per day. There are three types of trains in total. "Intercity" (SOKO), "Regio-ekspres" and "Regio". Novi Sad is connected with Zrenjanin and Timișoara on the northeast and Ruma on south with a regional highway; there are plans to upgrade it to a motorway or an expressway, with a tunnel under the Fruška Gora shortcutting the Iriški Venac mountain pass.[102][103]

Three bridges cross the Danube in Novi Sad (as of 2020): Liberty Bridge (Most Slobode) connects Sremska Kamenica with the city proper. Varadin Bridge (Varadinski most) and Žeželj Bridge (Žeželjev most), connects Petrovaradin with city centre, and used for railway and heavy truck traffic. Many bridges also span the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal, running north of the city centre. Currently, two bridges over the Danube are being built, along with two new railway bridges over the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal.

Water transport
Danube–Tisa–Danube Canal

The Port of Novi Sad is located on the outskirts of the city on Danube river. Since May 2019 it has been owned by DP WORLD from the UAE. With over a million tonnes of load turnover, it is the largest cargo port in Serbia.[104]

## International relations

[edit]

### Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Modena street in Novi Sad, 2010.

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia

Novi Sad has relationships with several twin towns and twin cities. One of the main streets in its city centre is named after Modena in Italy; and likewise Modena has named a park in its town centre Parco di Piazza d'Armi Novi Sad. A city square near the Varadin Bridge is named after Dortmund in Germany; and likewise Dortmund has named a city square Platz von Novi Sad.[105] The Novi Sad Friendship Bridge in Norwich, United Kingdom, by Buro Happold, was also named in honour of Novi Sad. As of October 2023, there plans to establish twin city cooperation with Klagenfurt and Busan.[106]

Novi Sad is twinned with:[107]

* Alexandria, Egypt (2021)[108][109]
* Budva, Montenegro (1996)[110]
* Changchun, China (1981)[111]
* Cleveland, Ohio, United States (2023)[112]
* Dortmund, Germany (1982)[113]
* Gomel, Belarus (2013)[114]
* Ilioupoli, Greece (1994)[115]
* Istočno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021)[116]
* Kumanovo, North Macedonia (2019)[117]
* Modena, Italy (1964)[118]
* Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (2006)[119]
* Norwich, England, United Kingdom (1989)[120]
* Pécs, Hungary (2009)[121]
* Taverny, France (2020)[122][123]
* Timișoara, Romania (2005)[124]
* Tivat, Montenegro (2023)[125][126]
* Toluca, Mexico (2015)[127]

### Partner cities

[edit]

Most frequent cooperation is done with Budva, Dortmund, Taverny, Timișoara, Tivat and Ulm in the fields of culture, tourism and sports.[106] Besides twin cities, Novi Sad has many signed agreements on joint cooperation with other cities, some of which could potential lead to twin city agreements. (see also: Politics of Novi Sad).

Novi Sad has signed agreements on joint cooperation with cities:[107]

* Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006)
* Corfu, Greece (2017)[128]
* Enghien-les-Bains, France (2020)[122]
* Frunzensky District, Russia (2003)[129]
* Gothenburg, Sweden (2002)
* Kranj, Slovenia (2004)
* Krasnodar, Russia
* Lviv, Ukraine (1999)
* Nant, France (2002)
* Osijek, Croatia (2002)
* Oryol, Russia (2017)[130]
* Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, France (2020)[122]
* Shiraz, Iran (2023)[131]
* Szeged, Hungary (2001)
* Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002)
* Ulm, Germany (2000)[132]

Novi Sad is an associate member of Eurocities.[133]

## See also

[edit]

* List of people from Novi Sad
* List of honorary citizens of Novi Sad
* List of places in Serbia
* List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
* List of cities and towns on the Danube River

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d "Статут Града Новог Сада" [Novi Sad City Statute] (PDF) (in Serbian). City of Novi Sad. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
2. ^ https://www.nsinfo.co.rs/lat/broj-stanovnika-po-naseljima
3. ^ https://www.nsinfo.co.rs/lat/broj-stanovnika-po-naseljima
4. ^ Serbian census 2022
5. ^ "First results of the 2022 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of Serbia. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
6. ^ "2022 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings: Ethnicity (data by municipalities and cities)" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. April 2023. ISBN 978-86-6161-228-2. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
7. ^ Mishkova, Diana (1 January 2009). We, the people: politics of national peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Central European University Press. pp. 277–278\. ISBN 9789639776289.277-278&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=9789639776289&rft.aulast=Mishkova&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbi_wzu7QAMC&pg;=PA278&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Novi+Sad" class="Z3988">
8. ^ "History of Novi Sad". Official Website of Novi Sad. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
9. ^ "Esch, Kaunas and Novi Sad to be European Capitals of Culture in 2022". European Commission.
10. ^ a b "55 new cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
11. ^ a b "Novi Sad u Uneskovoj Mreži kreativnih gradova sveta: "Srpska Atina" prva u ovom delu Evrope na Media Arts listi". euronews.rs (in Serbian). 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
12. ^ "6" (PDF), Statut Grada Novog Sada (in Serbian), Official Gazette of City of Novi Sad, 22 October 2008, archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2013, "[...]In the City are also in official use Hungarian, Slovak and Rusyn languages and their alphabets"
13. ^ "Jezici i pisma u službenoj upotrebi u statutima gradova i opština na teritoriji AP Vojvodine" (in Serbian). Pokrajinski sekretarijat za obrazovanje, upravu i nacionalne zajednice. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
14. ^ Officially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929
15. ^ Known as Democratic Federal Yugoslavia until 1945
16. ^ Officially known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 2003
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109. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – АЛЕКСАНДРИЈА" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
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111. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – ЧАНГЧУН, НР КИНА" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 15 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
112. ^ "Srpska Atina nastavlja da nižе pobratimstva i to sa tri kontinеnta! REKORDERI U JAČANjU SARADNjE: Grad Novi Sad ima čak 24 grada pobratima, poslеdnji u nizu Klivlеnd koji ima jaku srpsku dijasporu". dnevnik.rs (in Serbian). 3 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
113. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА − ДОРТМУНД" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
114. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – ГОМЕЉ" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
115. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА − ИЛИУПОЛИ" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 10 January 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
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118. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – НИЖЊИ НОВГОРОД" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
119. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – МОДЕНА" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 7 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
120. ^ "УПОЗНАЈМО ГРАДОВЕ ПОБРАТИМЕ НОВОГ САДА – НОРИЧ" (in Serbian). gradskeinfo.rs. 27 December 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
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122. ^ a b c "The Ambassador of France Visits Novi Sad". novisadinvest.rs. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
123. ^ "Novi Sad – Serbie" (in French). Taverny. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
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## Bibliography

[edit]

* Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradinska tvrđava – vodič kroz vreme i prostor, Novi Sad, 2002
* Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradin fortress – a guide through time and space, Novi Sad, 2002
* Boško Petrović – Živan Milisavac, Novi Sad – monografija, Novi Sad, 1987
* Branko Ćurčin, Slana Bara – nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2002
* Branko Ćurčin, Novosadsko naselje Šangaj – nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2004
* Đorđe Randelj, Novi Sad – slobodan grad, Novi Sad, 1997
* Jovan Mirosavljević, Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745–2001, Novi Sad, 2002
* Jovan Mirosavljević, Novi Sad – atlas ulica, Novi Sad, 1998
* Milorad Grujić, Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu, Novi Sad, 2004
* Mirjana Džepina, Društveni i zabavni život starih Novosađana, Novi Sad, 1982
* Petar Jonović, Knjižare Novog Sada 1790–1990, Novi Sad, 1990
* Petar Jonović – Dr Milan Vranić – Dr Dušan Popov, Znameniti knjižari i izdavači Novog Sada, Novi Sad, 1993
* Radenko Gajić, Petrovaradinska tvrđava – Gibraltar na Dunavu, Novi Sad, 1994
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost, Novi Sad, 2001
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin i Srem – misterija prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2003
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava – podzemlje i nadzemlje, Novi Sad, 2005
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava – kosmički lavirint otkrića, Novi Sad, 2007
* Zoran Knežev, Novi Sad : Priče iz prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2017
* Zoran Knežev, Vojvodina : Hronike i legende, Novi Sad, 2018
* Zoran Knežev, Novi Sad : Kafanoloija i prostitucija, Novi Sad, 2018
* Zoran Knežev, Novi Sad: Prošlost u pričama, Novi Sad, 2019
* Zoran Knežev, Turistički vodič kroz stari Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 2019
* Zoran Knežev, Vojvodina: Kazivanja i sećanja, Novi Sad, 2021
* Zoran Rapajić, Novi Sad bez tajni, Beograd, 2002
* Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991
* 30 godina mesne zajednice "7. Juli" u Novom Sadu 1974–2004 – monografija, Novi Sad, 2004
* Enciklopedija Novog Sada, sveske 1–26, Novi Sad, 1993–2005
* Sveske za istoriju Novog Sada, sveske 4–5, Novi Sad, 1993–1994
* Ustav za čitaonicu srpsku u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, 1993

## External links

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* Bishop's Palace
* Eđšeg
* Fruška Gora
* NIS building
* Novi Sad City Hall
* Petrovaradin Fortress
* Stari Grad
* Štrand
* Monument to the Victims of Fascism

Religion|

* Saint George Cathedral
* Kovilj Monastery
* Name of Mary Church
* Slovak Evangelical Church
* Church of the Augsburg Confession
* Muftiship of Novi Sad
* Novi Sad Synagogue

Culture|

* Matica Srpska
* Serbian National Theatre
* Novi Sad Theatre
* Novi Sad Youth Theatre
* Correspondence Theatre
* Drama Art Scene
* Cultural Center of Novi Sad
* Eđšeg Cultural Center
* NEVEN (cultural society)
* Archive of Vojvodina
* Historical Archive of Novi Sad
* Association of Writers of Vojvodina

Galleries and
museums|

* City Museum of Novi Sad
* Museum of Vojvodina
* Museum of Reunion
* Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina
* Toy Museum Fantasy
* Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection
* The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić
* Gallery of Matica Srpska
* Gallery of the association of artists of Vojvodina

Education|

| Public|

* Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium
* Svetozar Marković Gymnasium
* Isidora Sekulić Gymnasium
* Laza Kostić Gymnasium
* Isidor Bajić Music School
* University of Novi Sad

|

Private|

* Novi Sad Open University
* Novi Sad Theological College
* Azbukum
* Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts

Health|

* Clinical Center of Vojvodina
* Sremska Kamenica Institute

Sports|

| Stadiums and
Indoor arenas|

* Detelinara Stadium
* GAT Arena
* Karađorđe Stadium
* Slana Bara Stadium
* SPC Vojvodina

|

Football clubs|

* Current
* FK Crvena Zvezda Novi Sad
* FK Indeks Novi Sad
* FK Kabel
* FK Mladost Novi Sad
* FK Veternik
* FK Vojvodina
* OFK Slavija Novi Sad
* RFK Novi Sad 1921
* ŽFK Fruškogorac
* Historical
* FK Proleter Novi Sad
* NAK Novi Sad

Basketball clubs|

* Current
* KK FMP
* KK I Came to Play
* KK Star
* KK Vojvodina
* ŽKK Vojvodina 021
* Historical
* KK Meridiana
* KK Novi Sad
* KK Vojvodina Srbijagas
* ŽKK Vojvodina

Other sports clubs|

* HK Novi Sad
* HK NS Stars
* HK Vojvodina
* KKK Vojvodina
* OK Vojvodina
* PFL Novi Sad
* RK Jugović
* RK Vojvodina
* SD Vojvodina
* VK Danubius 1885
* VK Dunav
* VK Vojvodina

Companies|

| Finance|

* Current
* DDOR Novi Sad
* Erste Bank Novi Sad
* OTP Banka Srbija
* Historical
* Metals-banka
* RBA bank
* Vojvođanska banka

|

Media|

* Current
* Dnevnik
* Magyar Szó
* RTV
* Historical
* Građanski list
* Hard Metal
* Polja
* Ritam

Food|

* Matijević
* Novi Sad Brewery
* Swisslion Group
* Univerexport

Oil & gas|

* Naftna Industrija Srbije
* Srbijagas

Other|

* Current
* Color Press Group
* Eipix Entertainment
* Schneider Electric
* Historical
* Neobus

Transportation|

| Land|

* JGSP Novi Sad
* Novi Sad railway station
* Trams in Novi Sad
* Pan-European Corridor X

|

Bridges|

* Current
* Liberty Bridge
* Varadin Bridge
* Žeželj Bridge
* Beška Bridge
* Historical
* Hagen Bridge
* Prince Andrew Bridge
* Potiorek Bridge
* Prince Tomislav Bridge
* Boško Perošević Bridge

Air and water|

* Novi Sad Airfield
* Port of Novi Sad
* Pan-European Corridor VII

Events|

* Exit
* Novi Sad Fair
* Zmaj Children Games
* Festival of Street Musicians
* Cinema City
* Novi Sad Jazz Festival
* Sterijino pozorje
* International Novi Sad Literature Festival
* Serbia Fashion Week
* Novi Sad Pride
* Book Talk
* Yugoslav Art Exhibitions

* Novi Sad

* v
* t
* e

Cities, towns and villages in the South Bačka District

Seat of the district: Novi Sad

Novi Sad1|

* Begeč
* Budisava
* Čenej
* Futog
* Kać
* Kisač
* Kovilj
* Rumenka
* Stepanovićevo
* Veternik

Petrovaradin1|

* Bukovac
* Ledinci
* Sremska Kamenica
* Stari Ledinci

Bač|

* Bačko Novo Selo
* Bođani
* Plavna
* Selenča
* Vajska

Bačka Palanka|

* Čelarevo
* Despotovo
* Gajdobra
* Karađorđevo
* Mladenovo
* Neštin
* Nova Gajdobra
* Obrovac
* Parage
* Pivnice
* Silbaš
* Tovariševo
* Vizić

Bački Petrovac|

* Gložan
* Kulpin
* Maglić

Bečej|

* Bačko Gradište
* Bačko Petrovo Selo
* Mileševo
* Radičević

Beočin|

* Banoštor
* Čerević
* Grabovo
* Lug
* Rakovac
* Susek
* Sviloš

Srbobran|

* Nadalj
* Turija

Sremski Karlovci|

Temerin|

* Bački Jarak
* Sirig

Titel|

* Gardinovci
* Lok
* Mošorin
* Šajkaš
* Vilovo

Vrbas|

* Bačko Dobro Polje
* Kosančić
* Kucura
* Ravno Selo
* Savino Selo
* Zmajevo

Žabalj|

* Čurug
* Đurđevo
* Gospođinci

(*) bold are municipalities or cities, 1 - Novi Sad`s urban municipalities, which aren't fully formed

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and cities of Serbia

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities of Belgrade

Municipalities|

* Barajevo
* Čukarica
* Grocka
* Lazarevac
* Mladenovac
* New Belgrade
* Obrenovac
* Palilula
* Rakovica
* Savski Venac
* Sopot
* Stari Grad
* Surčin
* Voždovac
* Vračar
* Zemun
* Zvezdara

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and cities of Vojvodina

Cities|

* Kikinda
* Novi Sad
* Pančevo
* Sombor
* Sremska Mitrovica
* Subotica
* Vršac
* Zrenjanin

Municipalities|

* Ada
* Alibunar
* Apatin
* Bač
* Bačka Palanka
* Bačka Topola
* Bački Petrovac
* Bečej
* Bela Crkva
* Beočin
* Čoka
* Inđija
* Irig
* Kanjiža
* Kovačica
* Kovin
* Kula
* Mali Iđoš
* Nova Crnja
* Novi Bečej
* Novi Kneževac
* Odžaci
* Opovo
* Pećinci
* Plandište
* Ruma
* Sečanj
* Senta
* Šid
* Srbobran
* Sremski Karlovci
* Stara Pazova
* Temerin
* Titel
* Vrbas
* Žabalj
* Žitište

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia

Cities|

* Čačak
* Jagodina
* Kragujevac
* Kraljevo
* Kruševac
* Loznica
* Novi Pazar
* Šabac
* Užice
* Užice
* Sevojno
* Valjevo

Municipalities|

* Aleksandrovac
* Aranđelovac
* Arilje
* Bajina Bašta
* Batočina
* Bogatić
* Brus
* Čajetina
* Ćićevac
* Ćuprija
* Despotovac
* Gornji Milanovac
* Ivanjica
* Knić
* Koceljeva
* Kosjerić
* Krupanj
* Lajkovac
* Lapovo
* Lučani
* Ljig
* Ljubovija
* Mali Zvornik
* Mionica
* Nova Varoš
* Osečina
* Paraćin
* Požega
* Priboj
* Prijepolje
* Rača
* Raška
* Rekovac
* Sjenica
* Svilajnac
* Topola
* Trstenik
* Tutin
* Ub
* Varvarin
* Vladimirci
* Vrnjačka Banja

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia

Cities|

* Bor
* Leskovac
* Niš
* Crveni Krst
* Medijana
* Niška Banja
* Palilula
* Pantelej
* Pirot
* Požarevac
* Požarevac
* Kostolac
* Prokuplje
* Smederevo
* Vranje
* Vranje
* Vranjska Banja
* Zaječar

Municipalities|

* Aleksinac
* Babušnica
* Bela Palanka
* Blace
* Bojnik
* Boljevac
* Bosilegrad
* Bujanovac
* Crna Trava
* Dimitrovgrad
* Doljevac
* Gadžin Han
* Golubac
* Kladovo
* Knjaževac
* Kučevo
* Kuršumlija
* Lebane
* Majdanpek
* Malo Crniće
* Medveđa
* Merošina
* Negotin
* Petrovac
* Preševo
* Ražanj
* Smederevska Palanka
* Sokobanja
* Surdulica
* Svrljig
* Trgovište
* Velika Plana
* Veliko Gradište
* Vladičin Han
* Vlasotince
* Žabari
* Žagubica
* Žitorađa

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and cities of Kosovo i Metohija1

Cities|

Priština

Municipalities|

* Dečani
* Đakovica
* Glogovac
* Gnjilane
* Gora
* Kosovo Polje
* Kosovska Kamenica
* Kosovska Mitrovica
* Istok
* Kačanik
* Klina
* Leposavić
* Lipljan
* Novo Brdo
* Obilić
* Orahovac
* Peć
* Podujevo
* Prizren
* Srbica
* Suva Reka
* Štimlje
* Štrpce
* Vitina
* Vučitrn
* Zubin Potok
* Zvečan

1 Kosovo declared independence in 2008 but is still claimed as part of its territory by Serbia.

* v
* t
* e

Capitals of European states and territories

Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics.

Sovereign states|

* Amsterdam, Netherlands1
* Andorra la Vella, Andorra
* Ankara, Turkey2
* Astana, Kazakhstan2
* Athens, Greece
* Baku, Azerbaijan2
* Belgrade, Serbia
* Berlin, Germany
* Bern, Switzerland
* Bratislava, Slovakia
* Brussels, Belgium3
* Bucharest, Romania
* Budapest, Hungary
* Chișinău, Moldova
* Copenhagen, Denmark
* Dublin, Ireland
* Helsinki, Finland
* Kyiv, Ukraine
* Lisbon, Portugal
* Ljubljana, Slovenia
* London, United Kingdom
* Luxembourg, Luxembourg
* Madrid, Spain
* Minsk, Belarus
* Monaco5
* Moscow, Russia
* Nicosia, Cyprus2
* Oslo, Norway
* Paris, France
* Podgorica, Montenegro
* Prague, Czech Republic
* Reykjavík, Iceland
* Riga, Latvia
* Rome, Italy
* San Marino, San Marino
* Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Skopje, North Macedonia
* Sofia, Bulgaria
* Stockholm, Sweden
* Tallinn, Estonia
* Tbilisi, Georgia2
* Tirana, Albania
* Vaduz, Liechtenstein
* Valletta, Malta
* Vatican City4
* Vienna, Austria
* Vilnius, Lithuania
* Warsaw, Poland
* Yerevan, Armenia2
* Zagreb, Croatia

States with
limited recognition|

* North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus2
* Pristina, Kosovo
* Sokhumi, Abkhazia2
* Tiraspol, Transnistria
* Tskhinvali, South Ossetia2

Dependencies|

| United Kingdom|

| Constituent countries|

* London, England
* Edinburgh, Scotland
* Cardiff, Wales
* Belfast, Northern Ireland

|

Crown Dependencies and
Overseas Territories|

* Douglas, Isle of Man
* Episkopi Cantonment, Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Gibraltar, Gibraltar
* St Helier, Jersey
* Saint Peter Port, Guernsey

Other|

* Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway)
* Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)

Federal states|

| Austria|

* Bregenz, Vorarlberg
* Eisenstadt, Burgenland
* Graz, Styria
* Innsbruck, Tyrol
* Klagenfurt, Carinthia
* Linz, Upper Austria
* Salzburg, Salzburg
* Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria
* Vienna, Vienna

|

Belgium|

| Communities|

* Brussels, Flemish Community and French Community
* Eupen, German-speaking Community

|

Regions|

* Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders
* Namur, Wallonia

Bosnia and Herzegovina|

* Banja Luka (de facto), Republika Srpska
* Brčko, Brčko District
* Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Germany|

* Berlin, Berlin
* Bremen, Bremen
* Dresden, Saxony
* Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Erfurt, Thuringia
* Hamburg, Hamburg
* Hanover, Lower Saxony
* Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein
* Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
* Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Munich, Bavaria
* Potsdam, Brandenburg
* Saarbrücken, Saarland
* Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
* Wiesbaden, Hesse

Russia|

| Republics|

* Cheboksary, Chuvashia
* Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkessia
* Elista, Kalmykia
* Grozny, Chechnya
* Izhevsk, Udmurtia
* Kazan, Tatarstan
* Magas, Ingushetia
* Makhachkala, Dagestan
* Maykop, Adygea
* Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria
* Petrozavodsk, Karelia
* Saransk, Mordovia
* Simferopol, Crimea (disputed)
* Syktyvkar, Komi
* Ufa, Bashkortostan
* Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania
* Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El

|

Autonomous okrugs|

* Naryan-Mar, Nenets

Krais|

* Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai
* Perm, Perm Krai
* Stavropol, Stavropol Krai

Oblasts|

* Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast
* Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast
* Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast
* Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast
* Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast
* Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast
* Kirov, Kirov Oblast
* Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast
* Krasnogorsk and Moscow, Moscow Oblast (de facto)
* Kursk, Kursk Oblast
* Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast
* Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast
* Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast
* Oryol, Oryol Oblast
* Penza, Penza Oblast
* Pskov, Pskov Oblast
* Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast
* Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast
* Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast
* Samara, Samara Oblast
* Saratov, Saratov Oblast
* Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast
* Tambov, Tambov Oblast
* Tula, Tula Oblast
* Tver, Tver Oblast
* Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast
* Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast
* Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast
* Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast
* Vologda, Vologda Oblast
* Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast
* Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast

Federal cities|

* Moscow
* Saint Petersburg
* Sevastopol (disputed)

Switzerland|

* Aarau, Aargau
* Altdorf, Uri
* Appenzell, Appenzell Innerrhoden
* Basel, Basel-Stadt
* Bellinzona, Ticino
* Chur, Grisons
* Delémont, Jura
* Frauenfeld, Thurgau
* Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg
* Geneva, Canton of Geneva
* Herisau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden
* Lausanne, Vaud
* Liestal, Basel-Landschaft
* Lucerne, Canton of Lucerne
* Neuchâtel, Canton of Neuchâtel
* Sarnen, Obwalden
* Schaffhausen, Canton of Schaffhausen
* Schwyz, Canton of Schwyz
* Sion, Valais
* Solothurn, Canton of Solothurn
* Stans, Nidwalden
* St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen
* Glarus, Canton of Glarus
* Zug, Canton of Zug
* Zurich, Canton of Zürich

Autonomous
entities|

| Italy|

| Autonomous regions|

* Cagliari, Sardinia
* Palermo, Sicily
* Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
* Aosta, Aosta Valley
* Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia

|

Portugal|

| Autonomous regions|

* Ponta Delgada, Angra do Heroísmo, & Horta, Azores
* Funchal, Madeira

|

Spain|

* Barcelona, Catalonia
* Las Palmas & Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands
* Logroño, La Rioja
* Madrid, Community of Madrid
* Mérida, Extremadura
* Murcia, Region of Murcia
* Oviedo, Asturias
* Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands
* Pamplona, Navarre
* Santander, Cantabria
* Santiago de Compostela, Galicia
* Seville, Andalusia
* Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)
* Valencia, Valencian Community
* Valladolid, Castile and León (de facto)
* Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (de facto)
* Zaragoza, Aragon

Other|

* Ajaccio, Corsica Collectivité (France)
* Batumi, Adjara (Georgia)
* Comrat, Gagauzia (Moldova)
* Karyes, Mount Athos (Greece)
* Mariehamn, Åland Islands (Finland)
* Nakhchivan, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
* Novi Sad, Vojvodina (Serbia)
* Simferopol, Crimea (Ukraine)

* 1 Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
* 2 Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed
* 3 Also the seat of the European Union, see Institutional seats of the European Union and Brussels and the European Union
* 4 A city-state

* v
* t
* e

European Capitals of Culture

1985
Athens
1986
Florence
1987
Amsterdam
1988
West Berlin
1989
Paris
1990
Glasgow
1991
Dublin
1992
Madrid
1993
Antwerp
1994
Lisbon
1995
Luxembourg City
1996
Copenhagen
1997
Thessaloniki
1998
Stockholm
1999
Weimar
2000
Reykjavík
Bergen
Helsinki
Brussels
Prague
Kraków
Santiago de Compostela
Avignon
Bologna
2001
Rotterdam
Porto
2002
Bruges
Salamanca
2003
Graz
Plovdiv
2004
Genoa
Lille
2005
Cork
2006
Patras
2007
Luxembourg City
Sibiu
2008
Liverpool
Stavanger
2009
Linz
Vilnius
2010
Essen
Istanbul
Pécs
2011
Turku
Tallinn
2012
Maribor
Guimarães
2013
Košice
Marseille
2014
Umeå
Riga
2015
Mons
Plzeň
2016
San Sebastián
Wrocław
2017
Aarhus
Paphos
2018
Valletta
Leeuwarden
2019
Plovdiv
Matera
2020-April 2021
Rijeka
Galway
2022
Kaunas
Esch-sur-Alzette
Novi Sad
2023
Veszprém
Timișoara
Elefsina
2024
Tartu
Bad Ischl
Bodø
2025
Nova Gorica / Gorizia
Chemnitz
2026
Oulu
Trenčín
2027
Liepāja

* v
* t
* e

European Youth Capitals

* 2009 Rotterdam
* 2010 Turin
* 2011 Antwerp
* 2012 Braga
* 2013 Maribor
* 2014 Thessaloniki
* 2015 Cluj-Napoca
* 2016 Ganja
* 2017 Varna
* 2018 Cascais
* 2019 Novi Sad
* 2020 Amiens
* 2021 Klaipėda
* 2022 Tirana
* 2023 Lublin
* 2024 Ghent
* 2025 Lviv
* 2026 Tromsø

* v
* t
* e

Hero Cities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

* Belgrade
* history [sr]
* Cetinje
* history
* Drvar
* history [sh]
* Ljubljana
* history

* Novi Sad
* history
* Prilep
* history [sr]
* Pristina
* history
* Zagreb
* history

* v
* t
* e

The Danube

Countries|

* Germany
* Austria
* Slovakia
* Hungary
* Croatia
* Serbia
* Bulgaria
* Romania
* Moldova
* Ukraine

Cities|

* Ulm
* Ingolstadt
* Regensburg
* Passau
* Linz
* Vienna
* Bratislava
* Győr
* Budapest
* Vukovar
* Novi Sad
* Belgrade
* Smederevo
* Vidin
* Ruse
* Silistra
* Brăila
* Galați
* Reni
* Izmail
* Kiliia
* Tulcea

Tributaries|

* Iller
* Lech
* Regen
* Isar
* Inn
* Morava
* Váh
* Hron
* Ipeľ/Ipoly
* Drava
* Tisza/Tisa
* Sava
* Timiș/Tamiš
* Great Morava
* Timok
* Jiu
* Iskar
* Vit
* Olt
* Osam
* Yantra
* Vedea
* Argeș
* Ialomița
* Siret
* Prut

Canals|

* Rhine–Main–Danube Canal
* Danube–Black Sea Canal

See also|

* Breg
* Brigach
* Source
* Danube Bend
* Danube Delta
* List of islands in the Danube
* List of crossings of the Danube
* Internationalization

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Croatia
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* IdRef

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
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