Nubra

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This article is about the region in Ladakh. For the river, see Nubra River. For the proposed district, see Nubra district.

Region in Ladakh, India

Nubra

region

Nubra Valley with Diskit Gompa and town immediately below and Hunder in the distance

Nubra

Location in Ladakh, India

Show map of Ladakh

Nubra

Nubra (India)

Show map of India

Coordinates: 34°36′N 77°42′E﻿ / ﻿34.6°N 77.7°E﻿ / 34.6; 77.7
Country|  India
Union Territory| Ladakh
District| Leh
Time zone| UTC+5:30 (IST)

Nubra, also called Dumra, is a historical region of Ladakh, India[1] that is currently administered as a subdivision and a tehsil in the Leh district. Its inhabited areas form a tri-armed valley cut by the Nubra and Shyok rivers. Its Tibetan name Dumra means "valley of flowers".[2] Demands have been raised and BJP has hinted at creation of Nubra as a new district.[3] Diskit, the headquarters of Nubra, is 120 km north of Leh, the capital of Ladakh.

The Shyok River meets the Nubra River (or Siachan River) to form a large valley that separates the Ladakh and Karakoram Ranges. The Shyok river is a tributary of the Indus river. The average altitude of the valley is more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above the sea level. The most common way to access this valley is to travel over the Khardung La pass from Leh.

Foreign nationals are required to get a Protected area permit to visit Nubra. Since 1 April 2017 Indian citizens are also required to get an Inner Line Permit to visit it.[4][unreliable source?]

## Etymology

[edit]

The name Nubra (Tibetan: ནུབ་ར, Wylie: nub ra, THL: nup ra) is believed to derive from the Tibetan word Ldumra or Dumra (Tibetan: ལྡུམ་ར, Wylie: ldum ra, THL: dum ra), meaning "valley of flowers".[2][5] This referred to the fertile, orchard-rich valley in contrast to the surrounding high-altitude desert. In Ladakhi, the word Nubra can also mean “western,” perhaps describing its position relative to the upper, eastern part of the Shyok Valley.

Historically, the Nubra River was called Yarma Tsangpo (“Yarma River”) in Tibetan sources. The modern usage of “Nubra River” appears to derive from the valley name.

## Geography

[edit]

The region of Nubra is drained by the Shyok and Nubra rivers

Alexander Cunningham listed Nubra as one of the five natural and historical divisions of Ladakh.[6] Nubra occupies the northeastern portion of Ladakh, bordering Baltistan and Chinese Turkestan in the north, and the Aksai Chin plateau and Tibet in the east. In Cunningham's conception, Nubra includes all the region drained by the Nubra and Shyok rivers. it is 128 miles long and 72 miles wide, making up an area of 9,200 square miles. It extends south till the Pangong Lake.[7]

In modern nomenclature, the Nubra region is divided into "Diskit Nubra" in the north and the "Darbuk region" in the south, both of which are regarded as tehsils and subdivisions of the Leh district.[8] The Diskit Nubra region includes the Turtuk block populated by Balti people, which became a part of Indian-administered Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, and the unpopulated Siachen Glacier region.[9]

The populated part of Nubra is often described as a "tri-armed valley",[10] the three arms being:[11]

* the Nubra River Valley (divided into three sections called Yarma, Tśurka and Farka),[a]
* Gyen, the upper Shyok valley from its southern bend till the confluence with the Nubra River, and
* Shama, the lower Shyok valley from the confluence till the Chorbat area.[11]

The eastern Shyok valley is mostly unpopulated, even though it has numerous camping sites that have been used by trade caravans. Murgo is a village on the tributary called Murgo Nala.

### Topography

[edit]

The topography of Ladakh

Like the rest of the Tibetan Plateau, Nubra is a high altitude cold desert with rare precipitation and scant vegetation except along river beds. The villages are irrigated and fertile, producing wheat, barley, peas, mustard and a variety of fruits and nuts, including blood apples, walnuts, apricots and even a few almond trees. Most of Nubra is inhabited by Nubra dialect or Nubra Skat speakers. The majority are Buddhists. In the western or lowest altitude end of Nubra near the Line of Control i.e. the Indo-Pak border, along the Shyok River, the inhabitants of Turtuk are Balti of Gilgit-Baltistan, who speak Balti, and are Shia and Sufia Nurbakhshia Muslims.

Siachen Glacier lies to the north of the valley. The Sasser Pass and the famous Karakoram Pass lie to the northwest of the valley and connect Nubra with Uyghur (Mandarin : Xinjiang). Previously much trade passed through the area towards western China's Xinjiang and Central Asia. The people of Baltistan also used the Nubra valley for passage to Tibet.[12]

### Places

[edit]

Diskit town in the valley have become the congregation centre for people of the region. Diskit is the headquarters of Nubra and thus has lot of government offices with basic facilities. It is also connected by road with Leh.

Along the Nubra or Siachan River lie the villages of Sumur, Kyagar (called Tiger Village by the Indian Army), Tirith, Panamik, Turtuk and many others.

## Demographics

[edit]

Religion in Nubra Tehsil (2011)[13]

Religion |  | Percent(%)
Buddhism |

| 47.43%
Islam |

| 33.00%
Hinduism |

| 18.53%
Other or not stated |

| 0.14%

## Travel routes

[edit]

Historical trade routes through Nubra and Aksai Chin (Sketch map by Henry Trotter, 1878)

The main road access to Nubra is over Khardung La which is open throughout the year. The highest elevation of Khardung La is 5,359 m (17,582 ft), its status as the highest motorable road in the world is no longer accepted by most authorities.[14] An alternative route, opened in 2008, crosses the Wari La from Sakti, to the east of Khardung La, connecting to the main Nubra road system via Agham and Khalsar along the Shyok River. There are also trekkable passes over the Ladakh Range from the Indus Valley at various points. Routes from Nubra to Baltistan and Yarkand, though historically important, have been closed since 1947 and 1950 respectively.

## Tourism

[edit]

Tourists riding Bactrian camels in Hundar Sand Dunes of Nubra valley.

The Nubra valley was open for tourists up to Hunder (the land of sand dunes) until 2010. The region beyond Hunder gives way to a greener region of Ladakh because of its lower altitude. The village of Turtuk which was unseen by tourists till 2010 is a virgin destination for people who seek peace and an interaction with a tribal community of Ladakh. The local Balti people follow their age old customs in their lifestyle and speak a language which oral and not yet written. For tourists Turtuk offers serene camping sites with environment friendly infrastructure.

Panamik is noted for its hot springs. Between Hundar and Diskit lie seven kilometres of sand dunes, and (two-humped) Bactrian camels graze in the neighbouring "forests" of seabuckthorn. Non-locals are not allowed below Hundar village into the Balti area, as it is a border area.

### Monasteries

[edit]

Maitreya - 33 metre symbol of peace facing West. Nubra Valley

The 32-metre Maitreya Buddha statue is the landmark of Nubra and is maintained by the Diskit Monastery. On the Shyok River, the main village, Diskit, is home to the dramatically positioned Diskit Monastery which was built in 14th century. Hundar was the capital of the erstwhile Nubra kingdom in the 17th century, and is home to the Chamba Gompa.

Samstanling Monastery is between Kyagar and Sumoor villages. Across the Nubra or Siachan River at Panamik, is the isolated Ensa Gompa.

Yarma Gompa, between Saser and Siachen Base Camp, is one of the large monastery belonging to the Drukpa Kagyu lineage and it manages the following village gompas, Tong-sted, Nyung-sted, Dungsa, Khemi, Tsang-lung-ka, Sarsoma, Aarunuk, Ayi, Kovet, Tangsa & Murgo. The senior to lower hierarchy of gompa administration is Lopon, Gye-nyen, Geylong, Gye-tsul, and cun-zung.[15]

### Flora and fauna

[edit]

The valley is famous for its forest of Hippophae shrub, popularly known as Leh Berry. It is within this shrub forest that one can spot the white-browed tit-warbler. One can also spot the Tibetan lark, Hume's short-toed lark, and Hume's whitethroat. The various water birds like ruddy shelduck, garganey, northern pintail, and mallard can be observed on several small water bodies scattered along the route. Besides these, waders like black-tailed godwit, common sandpiper, common greenshank, common redshank, green sandpiper, and ruff can be spotted in Nubra.[16]

## Education

[edit]

The valley has been secluded as has been most of the exterior parts of Ladakh. Almost all of the region has been facing problems to get good quality education. There have been initiatives in the past by the government but extreme weather conditions and vicinity to the borders have been a major hurdle in implementing a solid education base. There is also migration of the population that gets exposed to the big cities of India and hence the people do not get benefitted out of their local learned population. There are very few Non-Government organizations active in Nubra region.

## In popular culture

[edit]

Nubra valley was appeared, mentioned in Hollywood movie Mission Impossible : Fallout of Tom Cruise. In the film's climax Ethan Hunt (Cruise) stop Walker (Henry Cavill) from detonating Plutonium bomb at the base of Siachen glacier . However filming of the scene was done in New Zealand due to India government denied filming.[17]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Tourists riding camels in the sand dunes

* Diskit Monastery

* Local map with North towards down

* View from Diskit gompa on Nubra Valley

* Seabuckthorn berries, Nubra valley, Ladakh

* Bactrian camels

* Nubra Valley

* This is enroute town called Hunder in Nubra.

* Nubra Valley with Diskit Gompa and town immediately below and Hunder in the distance

* Hunder, Nubra Valley

* Tent Resort in Nubra Valley

## See also

[edit]

* Ladakh
* Khardung La
* Siachen Glacier
* Thoise
* Chalunka
* Project HIMANK, road builders in the valley and creators of curious sign boards
* Diskit

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Yarma is the upper part of the valley above Panamik, Tsurka is the right bank of the valley below Panamik, while Yarma is the left bank.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Shakabpa, Oe Hundred Thousand Moons (2009), pp. 583–584 harvp error: no target: CITEREFShakabpa,_Oe_Hundred_Thousand_Moons2009 (help): "The Tibetan soldiers pursued the remaining troops as far as a place called Dumra,[10: These days, Dumra is called Nupra] just one day’s journey from Leh, where the Tibetan army pitched their camp."
2. ^ a b Kapadia, Harish (1999). Across Peaks & Passes in Ladakh, Zanskar & East Karakoram. Indus Publishing. p. 230\. ISBN 978-81-7387-100-9.
3. ^ 3,000 Demonstrate for Separate District in Sub-Zero Temperatures at Kargil, The Wire, 06/FEB/2020.
4. ^ People, Attractions & Transportation in Nubra Valley, The Off: Leh Ladakh XP (Jai Kishan), 17 March 2021.
5. ^ "Nubra | The Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India". Retrieved 20 June 2025.
6. ^ Cunningham, Ladak (1854), p. 18: "The natural divisions of the country are: 1st, Nubra on the Shayok; 2nd, Ladak Proper, on the Indus; 3rd, Zanskar, on the Zanskar river; 4th, Rukchu [Rupshu], around the lakes of Tshomo Riri [Tso Moriri] and Tsho-Kar; 5th, Purik, Suru, and Dras, on the different branches of the Dras river; 6th, Spiti, on the Spiti river: and 7th, Lahul, on the Chandra and Bhaga, or head-waters of the Chenab. These also are the actual divisions of the country, for the natural boundaries of a mountainous district generally remain unaltered, in spite of the changes wrought by war and religion. Ladak is divided politically between Maharaja Gulab Sing and the East-India Company. To the former belong all the northern districts, to the latter only the two southern districts of Lahul and Spiti."
7. ^ Cunningham, Ladak (1854), p. 21.
8. ^ Tehsil, Leh district administration, retrieved 15 November 2020.
9. ^ Muhammad Raafi, Interview of Delan Namgial, Kashmiri Life, 17 January 2017.
10. ^ Sumedha Das, Paradise on Earth, The Statesman, 24 November 2019.
11. ^ a b Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990), pp. 225–226.
12. ^ Senge H. Sering, “Reclaiming Nubra” – Locals Shunning Pakistani Influences Archived 8 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, Delhi, 17 August 2009.
13. ^ Om, Hari (12 July 2023). "District Status for Nubra, Zanskar Will Promote Interests of Ladakhi Buddhists". PGurus. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
14. ^ "Nubra Valley - World's Finest Wool". www.worlds-finest-wool.com. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
15. ^ Prem Singh Jina, 2009, Cultural Heritage of Ladakh Himalaya, p 114.
16. ^ Khan, Asif (2016). "Ladakh: The Land Beyond". Buceros. 21 (3): 6–15.
17. ^ "Tom Cruise's MI..." Hindustan Times.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Cunningham, Alexander (1854), Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co - via archive.org
* Francke, Rev. A. H. (1907), A History of Western Tibet, S. W. Partridge & Co - via archive.org
* Longstaff, T. G. (June 1910), "Glacier Exploration in the Eastern Karakoram", The Geographical Journal, 35 (6), The Royal Geographical Society: 622–653, Bibcode:1910GeogJ..35..622L, doi:10.2307/1777235, JSTOR 1777235
* Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (2009), One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-17732-1
* Shakspo, Nawang Tsering (1999), "The Foremost Teachers of the Kings of Ladakh", in Martijn van Beek; Kristoffer Brix Bertelsen; Poul Pedersen (eds.), Recent Research on Ladakh 8, Aarhus University Press, pp. 284–, ISBN 978-87-7288-791-3
* Thomson, Thomas (1852), Western Himalaya and Tibet: A Narrative of a Journey Through the Mountains of Northern India, During the Years 1847-8, Reeve and Company - via archive.org
* Vohra, Rohit (1990), "Mythic Lore and Historical Documents from Nubra Valley in Ladakh", Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 44 (1/2), Akadémiai Kiadó: 225–239, JSTOR 23658122

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nubra Valley.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nubra Valley.

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Union Territory of Ladakh

Capital: Kargil; Leh

State symbols|

* Animal: Snow leopard
* Bird: Black-necked crane

History|

| Pre-Independent India|

* Maryul
* Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
* Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
* Treaty of Tingmosgang
* Dogra–Tibetan War
* Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir

|

Post-Independent India|

* 1947–1948 India-Pakistan War
* 1948 military operations in Ladakh
* 1971 battle of Turtuk
* 2010 Ladakh floods
* 2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh reorganisation

Conflicts|

* Demchok conflict
* India–China conflict
* India–Pakistan conflict
* Kashmir conflict
* Siachen conflict

Administration|

* Districts
* Politics of Ladakh
* Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil
* Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
* Ladakh Police
* Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency
* Jammu and Kashmir High Court
* Lieutenant Governors
* Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)

Geography|

| General|

* Four types of Himalayan ranges
* Geology of the Himalaya

|

Ranges|

* Baltoro Muztagh
* Ladakh Range
* Saltoro Mountains
* Zanskar Range
* Kailash Range

Plateau|

* Depsang Plains
* More plains
* Sirijap
* Teram Shehr Plateau

Valleys|

* Leh
* Rupshu
* Salt Valley
* Mushkoh Valley
* Padum
* Shyok
* Suru Valley
* Nubra
* Zanskar
* Aryan valley

Glaciers|

* Chumik Glacier
* Drang-Drung Glacier
* Machoi Glacier
* Parkachik Glacier
* Shafat Glacier
* Siachen Glacier

Lakes|

* Tso Moriri
* Pangong Tso

Rivers|

* Sutlej
* Beas
* Ravi
* Shyok
* Chenab
* Drass River
* Indus
* Zanskar
* Tsarap
* Doda
* Yapola
* Suru River
* Markha
* Galwan
* Chip Chap

Passes|

* Bilafond La
* Chang la
* Fotu La
* Gyong La
* Indira Col
* Karakoram Pass
* Khardung La
* Kongka Pass
* Lachulung La
* Taglang La
* Marsimik La
* Namika La
* Pensi La
* Rezang La
* Rimo
* Sasser Pass
* Sia La
* Shingo La
* Spanggur Gap
* Zoji La

Mountain peaks|

* Bana Top
* Chumik Kangri
* Ghent Kangri
* Gurung Hill
* India Saddle
* K12
* Saltoro Kangri
* Sherpi Kangri
* Tiger Saddle

Human
settlements|

* Meenamarg
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* Chalunka
* Chemrey
* Chushul
* Daulat Beg Oldi
* Demchok
* Diskit
* Dras
* Dzingrulma
* Fukche
* Hemis
* Hanle
* Kargil
* Khalatse
* Leh
* Likir
* Murgo
* Nimo
* Nyoma
* Padum
* Panamik
* Purne
* Rangdum
* Sankoo
* Sasoma
* Shey
* Shyok
* Thiksey
* Thoise
* Turtuk
* Ukdungle
* Upshi
* Zangla

Culture|

| General|

* Music of Ladakh

|

Languages|

* Ladakhi
* Purgi
* Balti
* Zangskari
* Changthang
* Brokskat

Festivals|

* Bono-na festival

Tourism and
wildlife|

| Wildlife|

* Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
* Hemis National Park
* Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

|

Tourism|

* Khurnak Fort
* Ladakh Marathon
* Shanti Stupa, Ladakh
* Siachen Base Camp

Indo-Tibetan
Buddhist monasteries|

* Alchi
* Bardan
* Basgo
* Chemrey
* Diskit
* Hanle
* Hemis
* Hundur
* Korzok
* Karsha
* Lamayuru
* Likir
* Lingshed
* Mashro/Matho Monastery
* Mulbekh
* Namgyal Tsemo
* Phugtal
* Phyang
* Rangdum
* Rizong
* Sani
* Sankar
* Saspul
* Shey Monastery
* Spituk
* Stakna
* Stok
* Stongdey
* Takthok
* Thikse
* Tserkarmo
* Tonde
* Wanla
* Zangla
* Zongkul

Transport|

| Airports|

* Kargil Airport
* Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh)
* Military AGLs

|

Roads|

* Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road
* India-China Border Roads
* Leh–Manali Highway
* NH1 Leh–Kargil–Srinagar Highway
* Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road (under construction)
* Sasoma–Saser La Road

Railway|

* Bhanupli–Leh line (Planned)
* Srinagar–Leh line (Planned)

Infrastructure|

| General|

* Indian Astronomical Observatory

|

Dams
and hydroelectric project|

* Chutak
* Dumkhar
* Salal

Education|

* Central Institute of Buddhist Studies
* Defence Institute of High Altitude Research
* Druk White Lotus School
* Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh, Ladakh
* Government Degree College, Kargil
* Phuktal Monastic School
* Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh
* University of Ladakh

See also|

| Borders|

* Line of Actual Control
* Line of Control
* Actual Ground Position Line

|

Other|

* Curious BRO roadsigns

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
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Other|

* Yale LUX

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