October 1957

Month of 1957

1957
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October 4, 1957: Sputnik, the first-ever artificial satellite, launched into space

The following events occurred in October 1957:

## October 1, 1957 (Tuesday)

[edit]

Funeral procession of King Haakon VII of Norway

* King Haakon VII of Norway was buried in the Royal Mausoleum at Akershus Fortress.[1]
* Died: Charles Howard Candler Sr., American businessman (Coca-Cola Company) and author, heart attack (b. 1879)[2][3]

## October 2, 1957 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* In Tel Aviv, Israel, the Fredric R. Mann Auditorium, the concert hall of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, opened with a performance led by American conductor Leonard Bernstein. David Ben-Gurion, the Prime Minister of Israel, spoke at the event.[4]
* The 1957 World Series began between the New York Yankees and the Milwaukee Braves.[5] The following day, Jack Gould of The New York Times would criticize NBC for attempting to televise the World Series in color.[6]
* The American film Raintree County, directed by Edward Dmytryk, received its world premiere at the Brown Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky.[7]
* Died: Victor Sévère, French politician from Martinique (b. 1867)[8]

## October 3, 1957 (Thursday)

[edit]

* Willy Brandt was elected as Governing Mayor of West Berlin.[9]
* Born: Diane Finley, Canadian politician; in Hamilton, Ontario[10]
* Died:
* Artie Auerbach, American comic actor and photographer, heart attack (b. 1903)[11]
* William Marshall Bullitt, American lawyer and author, Solicitor General of the United States, heart attack (b. 1873)[12]
* Walter Duranty, Anglo-American journalist (b. 1884)[13]
* Bernard Maybeck, American Arts and Crafts architect (b. 1862)[14]
* Andre Morize, professor of French literature at Harvard University (b. 1883)[15][16]
* Lőrinc Szabó, Hungarian poet, heart attack (b. 1900)[17]

## October 4, 1957 (Friday)

[edit]

* Sputnik program: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, beginning the Sputnik crisis and the Space Age. This event galvanized interest and action on the part of the American public to support an active role in space research, technology, and exploration.[18][19][20]

Rollout of the first Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow

* The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow delta wing interceptor aircraft was unveiled in Malton, Mississauga, Ontario.[21][22]
* Santa Mercedes, a Grace Line freighter, became the 200,000th vessel locked through the Panama Canal.[23]
* Born:
* Bill Fagerbakke, American actor; in Fontana, California[24]
* Gregory T. Linteris, American scientist and Space Shuttle payload specialist; in Demarest, New Jersey[25]
* Died:
* Sir Geoffrey Arbuthnot, KCB, DSO, Royal Navy vice admiral (b. 1885)[26]
* Clarence C. Caldwell, American attorney, 9th Attorney General of South Dakota (b. 1877)[27]
* Pierneef (born Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef), South African artist (b. 1886)[28]
* Josephine Pinckney, American novelist and poet, complications from respiratory infection (b. 1895)[29][30]

## October 5, 1957 (Saturday)

[edit]

* In the 11th National Hockey League All-Star Game, held at the Montreal Forum, the NHL All-Star team defeated the Stanley Cup champion Montreal Canadiens by a score of 5–3.[31]
* Born: Bernie Mac (born Bernard Jeffrey McCullough), American stand-up comedian and actor; in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2008, complications from pneumonia)[32][33]

## October 6, 1957 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Died: Robert Renison, Irish-born Anglican Metropolitan of Ontario (b. 1875)[34]

## October 7, 1957 (Monday)

[edit]

* Born: Jayne Torvill, British Olympic champion ice dancer; in Nottingham, England[35]
* Died:
* Michael N. Delagi, American lawyer, politician and judge (b. 1879)[36]
* Jekuthiel Ginsburg, Ukrainian-born American professor of mathematics at Yeshiva University, heart attack (b. 1889)[37][38]
* Yang Gang, Chinese journalist, novelist and translator, suicide by drug overdose (b. 1905)[39]

## October 8, 1957 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* Born: Magdalena Cajías, Bolivian academic, historian, and politician; in La Paz, Bolivia[40]
* Died:
* Hassiba Ben Bouali, Algerian militant, killed in action (b. 1938)[41][42]
* Ali La Pointe (born Ali Ammar), Algerian militant, killed in action (b. 1930)[41][42]
* Little Omar (born Yacef Omar), Algerian militant, killed in action (b. 1944)[41][42]

## October 9, 1957 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* A radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, England, which would later be named the Lovell Telescope, was controlled from its control room for the first time.[43][44]
* A Boeing B-47 Stratojet bomber crashed and exploded in Orlando, Florida, killing the four military officers aboard, including Col. Michael McCoy, the wing commander at Pinecastle Air Force Base, who was piloting the aircraft, and RAF Group Captain John Woodroffe. Pinecastle AFB would later be renamed McCoy Air Force Base in honor of Col. McCoy.[45][46]
* Born:
* Herman Brusselmans, Belgian novelist, poet, playwright and columnist; in Hamme, East Flanders, Belgium[47]
* Yuri Usachov, Russian cosmonaut; in Donetsk, Rostov Oblast, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic[48]
* Died:
* Arthur Cranfield, British newspaper editor (b. 1892)[49]
* George M. Stratton, American psychologist (b. 1865)[50][51]

## October 10, 1957 (Thursday)

[edit]

* A fire at the Windscale nuclear reactor on the north-west coast of England released radioactive material into the surrounding environment, including iodine-131.[52][53]
* Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, the Minister for Finance of Ghana, ate breakfast at the White House with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower after having been refused seating at a Howard Johnson's restaurant in Dover, Delaware, because of his race.[54][55]
* The Milwaukee Braves won the 1957 World Series, defeating the New York Yankees 4 games to 3.[56] President Eisenhower praised the 1957 Series as one of the finest in recent history.[57]

* The Walt Disney Productions television series Zorro debuted on the ABC television network.[58]
* Born: Rumiko Takahashi, Japanese manga artist; in Niigata, Japan[59]
* Died:
* Choe Nam-seon, Korean author, publisher and political activist (b. 1890)[citation needed]
* William Clark, United States federal judge, heart attack (b. 1891)[60][61]

## October 11, 1957 (Friday)

[edit]

* The orbit of the last stage of the R-7 Semyorka rocket (carrying Sputnik 1) was first successfully calculated on an IBM 704 computer at the MIT Computation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of Operation Moonwatch.[62]
* American actor Marlon Brando married Indian-born British actress Anna Kashfi.[63][64] The couple would divorce in 1959.
* In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 17-year-old high school football player John Barczak was injured during a scrimmage. He would die of a ruptured kidney on October 28.[65]
* Born:
* Dawn French, British comedian; in Holyhead, Anglesey, Wales[66]
* Eric Keenleyside, Canadian actor; in St. Stephen, New Brunswick[67]
* Died:
* Paul Gunn, United States World War II aviator, plane crash (b. 1899)[68][69][self-published source?]
* Donald E. Montgomery, American economist, suicide by firearm (b. 1896)[70]
* Francis R. Stoddard Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1877)[71]

## October 12, 1957 (Saturday)

[edit]

Royal visit to Canada

* Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, arrived in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, for a royal visit.[72]
* Died: Arlow Stout, American botanist (b. 1876)[73]

## October 13, 1957 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Egyptian troops landed in Latakia, Syria.[74]
* Died:
* Erich Auerbach, German philologist (b. 1892)[75][76]
* Erle P. Halliburton, American oil field businessman, founder of Halliburton (b. 1892)[77][78]
* James McEntee, American machinist and labor leader, second director of the Civilian Conservation Corps (b. 1884)[79]

## October 14, 1957 (Monday)

[edit]

The Valencia flood

* A flood in Valencia, Spain, killed at least 81 people and caused extensive property damage.[80][81][82]
* British racing driver Ronald Searles was killed in a fiery crash at the Monza Circuit in Italy.[83]
* Queen Elizabeth II opened the Canadian Parliament, the first monarch to do so.[84]
* The American Rocket Society presented President Eisenhower with a suggested program for outer space exploration. They proposed the establishment of an Astronautical Research and Development Agency similar to the NACA and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. This agency would have responsibility for all space projects except those directly related to the military services. A list of proposed projects was presented at an estimated cost of $100 million per annum.[20]
* Died:
* Charles G. Johnson, Swedish-born American politician, California State Treasurer (b. 1880)[85]
* Helena Normanton, QC, first female barrister in the United Kingdom (b. 1882)[86][87]
* Raymond Renefer, French painter (b. 1879)[88]
* Joseph H. Stotler, American Thoroughbred racing trainer (b. 1888)[89]
* Dudley A. White, American newspaper publisher and politician, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio (b. 1901)[90][91]

## October 15, 1957 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* A "Round 3" conference involving studies for a follow-on to the X-15 program, which subsequently led to the X-20 Dyna Soar, was held at the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory from October 15 to 21. During the course of the meeting, Alfred J. Eggers of Ames advanced several proposals for possible crewed satellite vehicle development projects.[20]
* Born:
* Mira Nair, Indian-born American filmmaker; in Rourkela, Orissa, India[92]
* Stacy Peralta, American director and skateboarder; in Venice, California[93]
* Died:
* Neal Ball, American Major League Baseball shortstop (b. 1881)[94][95]
* André Marquis, French Vichyist admiral (b. 1883)[96]
* Henry van de Velde, Belgian artist, architect and art theorist (b. 1863)[97]

## October 16, 1957 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* Queen Elizabeth II departed Ottawa and arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia, on her North American tour.[98][99]
* Died:
* Marion Bachrach, American communist, sister of John Abt, cancer (b. 1898)[100]
* Ralph Benatzky, Austrian composer (b. 1884)[101][102]

## October 17, 1957 (Thursday)

[edit]

* Continuing her American tour, Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Washington, D.C.[103]

## October 18, 1957 (Friday)

[edit]

* In a ceremony at the White House, Prince Philip received the gold medal of the National Geographic Society.[104]
* Two United States Navy balloonists flew to an altitude of almost 16 miles (26 km), landing near Hermansville, Michigan.[105]
* Born: Catherine Ringer, French musician, dancer and actress, co-founder of Les Rita Mitsouko; in Suresnes, France[106]
* Died:
* Eugene Cunningham, American writer (b. 1896)[107][108]
* Jagadisan Mohandas Kumarappa, Indian author and parliamentarian (b. 1886)[109]
* Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın, Turkish writer, politician and journalist (b. 1874)[110]

## October 19, 1957 (Saturday)

[edit]

Prince Philip receives autographed football

* Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip attended an American football game in College Park, Maryland.[111][112] They also visited a supermarket in West Hyattsville, Maryland.[113]
* A helicopter crash in Farmingdale, New York, killed a beauty pageant winner on her way to her coronation and injured two other people.[114]
* Montreal Canadiens player Maurice Richard became the first player in the history of the National Hockey League to score 500 career goals in a 3-1 home victory over the Chicago Black Hawks.[115]
* Died: V. Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist, suicide by jumping from height (b. 1892)[116][117]

## October 20, 1957 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Two trains collided at Yarımburgaz in Turkey; 95 people died.[118][119][120]
* Born: Manuel Huerga, Spanish film director and screenwriter; in Barcelona, Spain[citation needed]
* Died:
* Jack Buchanan, British actor, spinal cancer (b. 1891)[121][122][123]
* Paul Dyer Merica, American metallurgist, heart attack (b. 1889)[124][125]

## October 21, 1957 (Monday)

[edit]

* Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip arrived in New York City.[126][127][128]
* Born:
* Wolfgang Ketterle, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate; in Heidelberg, West Germany[129]
* Steve Lukather, American guitarist, singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer (Toto); in San Fernando Valley, California[130]
* Died:
* Michalis Dorizas, Turkish-born Greek Olympic athlete and University of Pennsylvania professor (b. 1886)[131][132]
* Joseph T. Rucker, American cinematographer (b. 1887)[133]

## October 22, 1957 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip returned to the United Kingdom from their North American tour.[134]
* Born: Daniel Melingo, Argentine musician; in Buenos Aires[135][136]
* Died:
* Mary Colum, Irish literary critic, wife of Padraic Colum (b. 1884)[137][138]
* Frederick R. Knubel, 60, president of the United Lutheran Synod of New York and New England, heart ailment[139]

## October 23, 1957 (Wednesday)

[edit]

Total solar eclipse of October 23, 1957

* A total solar eclipse took place.[140]
* Morocco began its invasion of Ifni.[citation needed]
* A British European Airways (BEA) Vickers Viscount crashed at Nutts Corner Airport in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, killing all seven people aboard.[141]
* Herbert Brownell Jr. resigned as United States Attorney General. William P. Rogers, the United States Deputy Attorney General, was chosen to succeed him.[142]

The new seal

* President Eisenhower approved the design for the seal of the United States Department of the Navy.[143]
* Born: Paul Kagame, 4th President of Rwanda; in Tambwe, Gitarama Province, Ruanda-Urundi[144]
* Died:
* Clarence Alcott, American college football player, coach and investment banker (b. 1886)[145]
* Frederick Burton, American actor (b. 1871)[146]
* Abe Lyman, American bandleader and songwriter (b. 1897)[147][148]

## October 24, 1957 (Thursday)

[edit]

* In the 1957 Ipswich by-election, Labour Party candidate Dingle Foot defeated Conservative candidate John C. Cobbold and Liberal candidate Manuela Sykes for the Ipswich constituency in the House of Commons.[149][150]
* Born: John Kassir, American actor and comedian; in Baltimore, Maryland[151]
* Died:
* Christian Dior, French fashion designer, heart attack (b. 1905)[152][153][154]
* Sir Harold Luxton, Australian politician and businessman, hypertensive cardiovascular disease (b. 1888)[155]

## October 25, 1957 (Friday)

[edit]

* In New Jersey, former professional boxer Tippy Larkin was involved in a three-car accident in which a telephone worker was killed.[156]
* Columbia Pictures released the film Pal Joey, directed by George Sidney and starring Rita Hayworth and Frank Sinatra, based on the musical comedy of the same name.[157][158]
* Born: Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress (Bart Simpson from The Simpsons); in Dayton, Ohio[159]
* Died:
* Albert Anastasia, American gangster, murdered in a barbershop at the Park Sheraton Hotel in Manhattan (b. 1902)[160][161]
* Lord Dunsany, Irish fantasy author (b. 1878)[162][163]
* Kenneth McKellar, member of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate from Tennessee (b. 1869)[164][165]
* George D. O'Brien, member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan (b. 1900)[166][167]

## October 26, 1957 (Saturday)

[edit]

* On the same day he returned from an official visit to Albania and Yugoslavia, Marshal Georgy Zhukov, one of the greatest Soviet military heroes of World War II, was relieved of his position as Minister of Defence.[168] The Soviet government allowed the news of Zhukov's removal to become known in western countries before releasing it to the Soviet public.[169]
* Sputnik 1's batteries ran out by the end of its 326th orbit, and it ceased broadcasting signals.[170][171]
* Born:
* Julie Dawn Cole, English actress; in Guildford, Surrey, England[172]
* Bob Golic, American National Football League defensive tackle; in Cleveland, Ohio[173]
* Died:
* Gerty Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1896)[174][175]
* Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (b. 1883)[176][177]
* William P. Lambertson, member of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas (b. 1880)[178][179]
* Henry Augustus Pilsbry, American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist (b. 1862)[180][181]

## October 27, 1957 (Sunday)

[edit]

* Celâl Bayar was re-elected president of Turkey.[182]
* Born:
* Jeff East, American actor; in Kansas City, Missouri[183]
* Tsai Ming-liang, Malaysian-Taiwanese filmmaker; in Kuching, Crown Colony of Sarawak[184]
* Died:
* Joseph C. Baldwin, United States Army officer and politician, member of the United States House of Representatives from New York (b. 1897)[185][186]
* Giovanni Battista Caproni, 1st Count of Taliedo, Italian aeronautical, civil and electrical engineer, aircraft designer and industrialist, heart attack (b. 1886)[187][188]
* Tony Morabito, American football executive, founder of the San Francisco 49ers, heart attack (b. 1910)[189]
* Barney Peck, 56, American stockbroker, father of Stephen M. Peck[190]

## October 28, 1957 (Monday)

[edit]

* In the 1957 Israeli presidential election, the Knesset reelected Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, who was unopposed, as President of Israel.[191]
* In Basutoland, flood waters swept a bus into the Tsaoing River, drowning fifty members of the Basuto tribe aboard the bus.[192]
* Seven people died in an explosion at a powder factory near Oviedo, Spain.[193]
* The crash of a Spanish DC-3 airliner south of Madrid killed all 21 passengers.[194]
* No deaths or injuries were reported after a gas pipeline explosion near Riverdale, New Jersey.[195]
* Dr. Richard C. Hubley, an American scientist, died of exposure at a glacier camp in Alaska while conducting research as part of the International Geophysical Year.[196]
* Born:
* Florence Arthaud, French sailor; in Boulogne-Billancourt, France (d. 2015, helicopter crash)[197]
* Ahmet Kaya, Turkish folk singer; in Malatya, Turkey (d. 2000, heart attack)[198][199][200]
* Rachel Levine, American pediatrician, United States Assistant Secretary for Health; in Wakefield, Massachusetts[201]
* Stephen Morris, British drummer (Joy Division, New Order); in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England[202]
* Died:
* Roy Keith Binney, New Zealand architect and soldier (b. 1885)[203]

## October 29, 1957 (Tuesday)

[edit]

* Moshe Dwek threw a hand grenade in the Knesset chamber during a foreign policy debate, injuring David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Carmel, Golda Meir and Rabbi Haim-Moshe Shapira.[204][205]
* In the wake of the Turkish election two days earlier, riots in six different locations in Turkey resulted in three deaths and at least nine serious injuries.[206]
* The crash of a U.S. Air Force Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter tanker plane into a mountain 35 miles (56 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona, killed all sixteen crewmembers.[207][208]
* Born: Dan Castellaneta, American voice actor (Homer Simpson from The Simpsons); in Chicago, Illinois[33]
* Died:
* José Patricio Guggiari, Paraguayan politician, 32nd President of Paraguay (b. 1884)[209][210]
* Louis B. Mayer, Russian-born American film studio mogul, former head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), leukemia (b. c. 1885)[211][212]

## October 30, 1957 (Wednesday)

[edit]

* Symphony No. 11 (The Year 1905) by Dmitri Shostakovich received its world premiere in Moscow.[213]
* Born:
* Richard Jeni, American stand-up comedian and actor; in Brooklyn, New York City (d. 2007, suicide by firearm)[214]
* Aleksandr Lazutkin, Russian cosmonaut; in Moscow[215]
* Kevin Pollak, American actor; in San Francisco, California[216]
* Died: Herman Welker, United States Senator from Idaho (b. 1906)[217][218]

## October 31, 1957 (Thursday)

[edit]

* Studios throughout Hollywood observed one minute of silence at 11:59 a.m. in memory of Louis B. Mayer.[219]
* Born:
* Brian Stokes Mitchell, American actor and singer; in Seattle, Washington[220]
* Shirley Phelps-Roper, American political and religious activist (Westboro Baptist Church); in Topeka, Kansas[221]
* Robert Pollard, American musician; in Dayton, Ohio[222]
* Died:
* Martha Black OBE, American-born Canadian politician and naturalist (b. 1866)[223][224]
* Peter G. Gerry, American lawyer and politician, member of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate from Rhode Island (b. 1879)[225][226]
* Robert Livingston Gerry Sr., American businessman, brother of Peter G. Gerry (b. 1877)[225]
* Helena Willman-Grabowska, Polish indologist, Sorbonne and Jagiellonian University professor (b. 1870)[227]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "OSLO IS HUSHED AT HAAKON RITES; City Silently Mourns King at Three Ceremonies-- Royalty Attends Funeral Lowered Into Crypt Princess Astrid Attends". The New York Times. 2 October 1957. Page 11, columns 2-7. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
2. ^ "CHARLES CANDLER OF COCA-COLA DIES; Son of Founder Had Headed Concern--Gave Millions to Emory University Company Sold in 1919". The New York Times. AP. 2 October 1957. Page 33, columns 1-2. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
3. ^ "Charles Howard Candler, Sr". Geni.com. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
4. ^ "MUSIC HALL OPENS IN TEL AVIV GALA; Israel Philharmonic Gets a Regular Home--Bernstein Leads Noted Soloists Two Anthems Played Ben Gurion Speaks". The New York Times. 3 October 1957. Page 26, column 6. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
5. ^ Drebinger, John (3 October 1957). "FORD OF YANKEES TOPS BRAVES, 3-1, AS SERIES STARTS; 69,476 See Left-Hander Hurl Five-Hit Game--Coleman's Batting Leads Victors Bombers Are Versatile Ford's Fifth Series Victory FORD OF YANKEES BEATS BRAVES, 3-1 Skowron, Mantle Start Yank Efficiency Evident Milwaukee Misses Chance". The New York Times. Page 1, column 6. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
6. ^ Gould, Jack (3 October 1957). "TV: The World Series; N.B.C.'s Use of Color Is No Success and No Help to Black-and-White Picture Little Rock Crisis 'Walter Winchell File' 'Dead Sea Scrolls'". The New York Times. Page 59, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
7. ^ Crowther, Bosley (3 October 1957). "'RAINTREE COUNTY' HAS FESTIVE DEBUT; Movie Based on Lockridge Novel Attracts 5,000 to Louisville Ceremonies". The New York Times. Page 32, columns 1-3. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
8. ^ "Victor Sévère". Base de données des députés français depuis 1789. Assemblée nationale (in French). Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
9. ^ Gilroy, Harry (4 October 1957). "Brandt Named Mayor of Berlin; Promises to Press Unity Moves; Social Democrat Is Chosen Without Opposition--City Coalition to Continue Brandt Pledges Freedom". The New York Times. Page 3, columns 6-7. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
10. ^ "Profile - Finley, Diane". Parlinfo. Library of Parliament. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
11. ^ "ARTHUR AUERBACH DIES; Mr. Kitzel of Jack Benny's TV and Radio Shows, 54". The New York Times. 4 October 1957. Page 23, column 2. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
12. ^ "WILLIAM BULLITT, EX-U.S. AIDE, DEAD; Solicitor General, 1912-13, Argued Prohibition Case Before Supreme Court Aided State Republicans". The New York Times. AP. 4 October 1957. Page 23, column 3. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
13. ^ "WALTER DURANTY, NEWSMAN, 73, DIES; Foreign Correspondent for The Times, 1913-41, Won Pulitzer Prize in 1932 WAS EXPERT ON SOVIET Author of 'I Write as I Please' and 'Stalin & Co.' Knew Kremlin Leaders Saw Communism Grow First Novel in 1937 Worked on War Front In Paris at Start of War Wrote on Treason Trials". The New York Times. AP. 4 October 1957. Page 23, columns 1-2. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
14. ^ "MAYBECK, 95, DIES; COAST ARCHITECT; Designer of Palace of Fine Arts Was Held Creator of California Design". The New York Times. 4 October 1957. Page 21, column 1. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
15. ^ "ANDRE MORIZE, 73, OF HARVARD DIES; French Literature Professor, 1925-50, Set Up Noted School in Vermont Taught Trench Warfare Alerted to Evacuate". The New York Times. AP. 5 October 1957. Page 17, column 4. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
16. ^ Notice de personne "Morize, André (1883-1957)" [Person notice "Morize, André (1883-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
17. ^ Notice de personne "Szabó, Lőrinc (1900-1957)" [Person notice "Szabó, Lőrinc (1900-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
18. ^ Jorden, William J. (5 October 1957). "SOVIET FIRES EARTH SATELLITE INTO SPACE; IT IS CIRCLING THE GLOBE AT 18,000 M. P. H.; SPHERE TRACKED IN 4 CROSSINGS OVER U. S. 590 MILES HIGH Visible With Simple Binoculars, Moscow Statement Says SOVIET LAUNCHES EARTH SATELLITE". The New York Times. Page 1, columns 1-8., cited in "On This Day: October 4". The New York Times Company. 1999. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
19. ^ "First Man-made Satellite". From All Quarters. Flight International. 11 October 1957. p. 562\. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
20. ^ a b c This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
21. ^ "NEW CANADIAN PLANE; Supersonic Interceptor Is Unveiled Near Toronto". The New York Times. 5 October 1957. Page 7, column 1. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
22. ^ "The Arrow Unveiled". From All Quarters. Flight International. 11 October 1957. pp. 562–563. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
23. ^ "200,000TH VESSEL HONORED BY CANAL". The New York Times. 5 October 1957. Page 33, column 2. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
24. ^ "Fagerbakke, Bill 1957–". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
25. ^ "Payload Specialist Bio: Gregory T. Linteris 7/97" (PDF). NASA. July 1997. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
26. ^ "Obituary: Sir Geoffrey Arbuthnot". The Times. London. 5 October 1957. p. 8.
27. ^ "C. C. Caldwell, Longtime S. F. Attorney, Dies at 80". Argus Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 4 October 1957. p. 1 - via Newspapers.com.
28. ^ Loots, Andries (28 August 2000). "J.H. Pierneef ( 1886 - 1957 )". vgallery.co.za. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
29. ^ "Josephine Pinckney, 62, Author Of 'Three O' Clock Dinner,' Dies". The New York Times. 6 October 1957. Page 84, columns 2-3. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
30. ^ Notice de personne "Pinckney, Josephine (1895-1957)" [Person notice "Pinckney, Josephine (1895-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
31. ^ Podnieks, Andrew (2000). The NHL All-Star Game: Fifty Years of the Great Tradition. Toronto: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-200058-X.
32. ^ "Actor And Comedian Bernie Mac Dies At Age 50". Chicago Area Local News. CBS 2 Chicago. CBS Broadcasting, Inc. 9 August 2008. Archived from the original on 21 October 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
33. ^ a b Sweet Home Cook County (PDF). Cook County Clerk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
34. ^ "ARCHBISHOP RENISON OF CANADIAN NORTH". The New York Times. 8 October 1957. Page 35, column 2. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
35. ^ "Jayne Torvill". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
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174. ^ "DR. GERTY T. CORI, BIOCHEMIST, DEAD; Nobel Prize-Winner in 1947 With Husband Was Known for Work on Enzymes". The New York Times. 27 October 1957. Page 86, columns 6-7. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
175. ^ "Gerty Cori – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
176. ^ "KAZANTZAKIS, 71, WRITER, IS DEAD; Cretan-Born Author of 'Zorba the Greek' Was U.N., Athens Aide 'Zorba' Published Here". The New York Times. Reuters. 29 October 1957. Page 31, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
177. ^ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (14 February 2023). "Níkos Kazantzákis". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
178. ^ "W.P. LAMBERTSON, SERVED IN HOUSE; Kansas Republican, Member From 1928 to 1944, Dies at 77--Foe of Roosevelt". The New York Times. AP. 28 October 1957. Page 26, columns 3-4. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
179. ^ "LAMBERTSON, William Purnell 1880 – 1957". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
180. ^ "DR. HENRY PILSBRY, SCIENTIST, 94, DIES; Authority on Land Shells Wrote 'Mollusca' Volume --Philadelphia Curator". The New York Times. 27 October 1957. Page 85, columns 3-4. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
181. ^ Notice de personne "Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (1862-1957)" [Person notice "Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (1862-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
182. ^ Haff, Joseph O. (27 October 1957). "BIG VOTE LIKELY IN TURKEY TODAY; National Election Is Test of Menderes Austerity and Republican Opposition Strain of Works Program". The New York Times. Page 9, columns 2-6. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
183. ^ Notice de personne "East, Jeff (1957-....)" [Person notice "East, Jeff (1957-....)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 2 February 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
184. ^ "Tsai, Ming–Liang 1957–". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
185. ^ "J.C. BALDWIN DIES; EX-LEGISLATOR, 60; Former Congressman From 'Silk Stocking' District Had Been a City Councilman". The New York Times. 28 October 1957. Page 26, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
186. ^ "BALDWIN, Joseph Clark 1897 – 1957". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
187. ^ "GIANNI CAPRONI, PLANE DESIGNER; Builder for Italians of 100 Aircraft Types Dies--First Was Tested in 1910 Airplane Bore Name". The New York Times. AP. 30 October 1957. Page 29, column 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023. "Gianni Caproni, Italian aviation pioneer credited with giving General of the Armies John J. Pershing the idea of strategic bombing in World War I, died of a heart attack Sunday at the age of 71. His death was not announced until after the funeral today."
188. ^ Barsali, Mario (1976). "CAPRONI, Giovanni Battista". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 19. Retrieved 3 June 2023 - via Treccani. This source gives Caproni's day of death incorrectly as October 29.
189. ^ "Anthony Morabito, Football Executive, Dies While Watching His 49ers Play". The New York Times. UP. 28 October 1957. Page 26, columns 2-3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
190. ^ "BARNEY PECK, 56, OF STOCK CONCERN; Partner in Brokerage Firm and Member of Exchange Dies--Began as Runner". The New York Times. 28 October 1957. Page 26, column 4. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
191. ^ "Ben-Zvi Is Re-elected As President of Israel". The New York Times. Associated Press. 29 October 1957. Page 4, column 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
192. ^ "50 Drown in African Bus". The New York Times. AP. 29 October 1957. Page 4, column 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
193. ^ "Powder Plant Blast Kills 7". The New York Times. AP. 29 October 1957. Page 3, column 4. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
194. ^ "Two Americans Killed In Spanish Plane Crash". The New York Times. U.P. 29 October 1957. Page 6, column 4. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
195. ^ "GAS PIPELINE EXPLODES; Fumes Cover Wide Area After Blast Near Riverdale, N.J." The New York Times. 29 October 1957. Page 28, column 6. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
196. ^ "DR. HUBLEY DIES AT GLACIER CAMP; Leader of Four Scientists at Remote Alaska I.G.Y. Base Succumbs to Exposure". The New York Times. AP. 31 October 1957. Page 28, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
197. ^ Couturié, Martin (10 March 2015). "Florence Arthaud, une vie de défis et de convictions" [Florence Arthaud, a life of challenges and convictions]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 6 June 2023.
198. ^ "Biography of Ahmet Kaya". Ahmet Kaya Resmi Web Sitesi. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
199. ^ "Ahmet Kaya". Ahmet Kaya Resmi Web Sitesi. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
200. ^ "Ahmet KAYA". Fondation-Institut kurde de Paris (in French). Retrieved 2 June 2023.
201. ^ "LGBT History Month ― October 22: Rachel Levine". QnotesCarolinas.com. Pride Publishing & Typesetting. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
202. ^ "Stephen Morris Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
203. ^ Stacpoole, John (1998). "Binney, Roy Keith". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 30 May 2023 - via Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
204. ^ "BEN-GURION, AIDES WOUNDED BY BOMB; Mrs. Meir and Three Others Hurt in Knesset--Grenade Hurled by Deranged Man Identified by Police Seated in Last Row BEN-GURION, AIDES WOUNDED BY BOMB Get Treatment at Hospital". The New York Times. 30 October 1957. Page 1, column 7. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
205. ^ "Israeli Officials Injured at Legislative Session". The New York Times. 30 October 1957. Page 3, columns 2-4. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
206. ^ "3 Turks Die in Rioting Over Sunday's Election". The New York Times. 30 October 1957. Page 3, column 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
207. ^ "8 DEAD, 8 MISSING IN ARIZONA CRASH; Air Force Tanker Plane Smashes Into Mountain on 'Routine Flight'". The New York Times. UP. 30 October 1957. Page 15, column 2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
208. ^ "KC-97G Stratofreighter plane crash Flagstaff". Aircraft Wrecks in Arizona and the Southwest. Arizona Aircraft Archaeology. 2003. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
209. ^ "JOSE GUGGIARI, 73, OF PARAGUAY DIES; President 1928 to 1932 Was Opposition Party Leader in Exile in Buenos Aires Long Party Ascendancy". The New York Times. UP. 31 October 1957. Page 31, column 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
210. ^ "JOSÉ PATRICIO GUGGIARI" (in Spanish). Portal Guarani. 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
211. ^ "LOUIS B. MAYER, FILM MAKER, DIES; Former Production Chief of M-G-M, 72, Built Movies Around Leading Stars GUIDED GARBO TO FAME Highest Paid Executive in U.S. for 7 Years Resigned From Studio in 1951 Was Hollywood Czar Native of Russia Merged With Goldwyn Remarried in 1948". The New York Times. 30 October 1957. Page 29, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
212. ^ Obituary, Variety, October 30, 1957, p. 87.
213. ^ "Eleventh Symphony by Shostakovich Cheered at First Moscow Performance". The New York Times. 31 October 1957. Page 40, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
214. ^ "Family Says Jeni Committed Suicide". Wires. The Washington Post. The Associated Press. 13 March 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
215. ^ "Aleksandr Ivanovich Lazutkin". Mission Odissea - F. De Winne - english. European Space Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
216. ^ Notice de personne "Pollak, Kevin (1957-....)" [Person notice "Pollak, Kevin (1957-....)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
217. ^ "HERMAN WELKER, EX-SENATOR, DIES; Idaho Republican, 1950-56, Was a Stanch Supporter of McCarthy in Censure Move Won by Big Majority ADEEB FARIS". The New York Times. Associated Press. 31 October 1957. Page 31, columns 1-2. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
218. ^ "WELKER, Herman 1906 – 1957". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
219. ^ "HOLLYWOOD PAYS TRIBUTE TO MAYER; Minute of Silence at Studios Precedes Service Attended by Many Movie Notables". The New York Times. 1 November 1957. Page 26, column 1. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
220. ^ "Brian Stokes-Mitchell - Broadway Cast & Staff". Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
221. ^ Kendall, Justin (2 November 2006). "The New Fred". Feature. The Pitch. KC Communications, LL.C. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
222. ^ Wenzel, John. "Guided By Voices History: Part I: 1983-1994". Features. Nude as the News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
223. ^ "MARTHA L. BLACK, A LEGISLATOR, 91; First U.S. Woman to Serve in Canadian House Dies-- Sought Gold in Yukon". The New York Times. AP. 2 November 1957. Page 21, column 6. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
224. ^ Harris, Carolyn (14 October 2020). "Martha Black". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 24 May 2023. This source gives Black's date of death as November 1, 1957.
225. ^ a b "Peter G. Gerry, Ex-Senator, Dies Hours Before His Brother Robert; Rhode Island Democrat, 78, Was a Foe of New Deal-- Supported Strong Navy". The New York Times. 1 November 1957. Page 26, columns 2-3. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
226. ^ "GERRY, Peter Goelet 1879 – 1957". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
227. ^ Notice de personne "Willman-Grabowska, Helena (1870-1957)" [Person notice "Willman-Grabowska, Helena (1870-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2023.

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