October 2013 North American storm complex

Blizzard and tornado outbreak

October 2013 North American storm complex

Category 3 "Major" (RSI/NOAA: 9.78)

The storm complex on October 5

Type| Winter storm, Blizzard, Tornado outbreak, Flood
Formed| October 3, 2013
Dissipated| October 7, 2013
Highest gust| 71 mph (114 km/h)[1]
Lowest pressure| 1000 mb (29.53 inHg)
Tornadoes
confirmed| 22
Max. rating1| EF4 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2| 3 days, 16 hours, 10 minutes
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion| 58 inches (1.5 m) Lead, South Dakota[2]
Fatalities| 3 fatalities[4]
Damage| $100 million[3]
Areas affected| Intermountain West
Midwestern United States

Part of the 2013–14 North American winter and tornado outbreaks of 2013

1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

A massive blizzard and tornado outbreak that affected the Northwest, Rockies, and much of the Midwest in early-October 2013. A total of 22 tornadoes were confirmed as the system moved eastward across the eastern half of the United States, including two that were rated EF4. The storm was unofficially named Winter Storm Atlas by The Weather Channel.[5]

## Summary of events[edit]

On October 3, 2013, the National Weather Service issued a blizzard warning for Rapid City and the Black Hills in advance of the storm urging people to delay or cancel travel plans.[6]

The snow incident trapped over six dozen people inside of their automobiles and tornadoes injured 17 people in Iowa and Nebraska.[7][8] Rapid City, the second largest city in South Dakota, was engulfed in close to two feet of snow, which exceeds the amount of snow that the city has ever recorded during any whole month of October.[9] Furthermore, on October 4, 2013, the city received over 1.5 feet (0.46 m) of snow, which exceeded the previous one day record in October by more than six inches. Over 20,000 people lost electricity in Black Hills, where more than a meter of watered down, dense snow had fallen. The storm system also included thunderstorms that brought iced precipitation, significant rain and over half a dozen tornadoes to Nebraska and Iowa.[8][10] Two of these tornadoes were violent enough to be rated EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. Over 200 miles (320 km) of Interstate 90 was shut down from South Dakota to Wyoming.[11]

The storm affected about 5,000 ranches in western South Dakota producing snow totals as high as 5 feet and 70 mile per hour winds that scattered herds for miles and resulted in the deaths of many cattle due to exhaustion and hypothermia.[12] In a storm South Dakotans called the Cattleman's Blizzard, at least 14,000 cattle, 1300 sheep, 300 horses, and 40 bison were killed with South Dakota ranchers reporting losses of 20 to 50 percent of their herds.[13][14][15] Thousands of people were without power.[16] Three people died in a motor vehicle accident on U.S. Route 20 in Nebraska.[17]

The storm coincided with the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, which limited timely federal response to the disaster.[12]

## Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating EFU  | EF0  | EF1  | EF2  | EF3  | EF4  | EF5  | Total

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0  | 10  | 6  | 3  | 1  | 2  | 0  | 22

### October 3 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, October 3, 2013[nb 1] EF# | Location  | County / Parish  | State  | Start Coord.  | Time (UTC)  | Path length  | Max width  | Summary

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EF2  | SW of Hickman to N of Palmyra | Lancaster, Otoe | NE | 40°40′58″N 96°27′49″W﻿ / ﻿40.6827°N 96.4637°W﻿ / 40.6827; -96.4637﻿ (Hickman (Oct. 3, EF2)) | 0308 – 0339  | 16.5 mi (26.6 km)  | 300 yd (270 m)  | Two homes lost large portions of their roofs, and others sustained lesser damage. Trees were downed, and three storage buildings were destroyed. Outbuildings were destroyed and vehicles were moved as well.[18]
EF0  | SE of Elmwood | Cass | NE | 40°47′00″N 96°17′38″W﻿ / ﻿40.7834°N 96.2938°W﻿ / 40.7834; -96.2938﻿ (Elmwood (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 0355 – 0409  | 4.46 mi (7.18 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | Tornado touched down south-southwest of Elmwood and moved mostly over open country before lifting east of town. A few trees were downed.[19]

### October 4 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, October 4, 2013[nb 1] EF# | Location  | County / Parish  | State  | Start Coord.  | Time (UTC)  | Path length  | Max width  | Summary

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EF0  | E of Madison | Stanton | NE | 41°52′06″N 97°20′06″W﻿ / ﻿41.8682°N 97.3351°W﻿ / 41.8682; -97.3351﻿ (Madison (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 2132 – 2142  | 4.71 mi (7.58 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | No damage was reported with this tornado as it moved through rural areas southwest of Stanton.[20]
EF2  | E of Royal | Antelope | NE | 42°14′46″N 98°05′31″W﻿ / ﻿42.246°N 98.092°W﻿ / 42.246; -98.092﻿ (Royal (Oct. 4, EF2)) | 2148 – 2201  | 6.64 mi (10.69 km)  | 264 yd (241 m)  | Tornado touched down south-southeast of Royal and ended just to the east-northeast of town. Several farmsteads were damaged (with outbuildings being the primary structures impacted) and numerous trees and power lines were downed.[21]
EF4  | SW of Wayne to NNW of Wakefield | Wayne, Dixon | NE | 42°07′41″N 97°04′37″W﻿ / ﻿42.128°N 97.077°W﻿ / 42.128; -97.077﻿ (Wayne (Oct. 4, EF4)) | 2212 – 2253  | 18.34 mi (29.52 km)  | 2,394 yd (2,189 m)  | See section on this tornado – 15 people were injured.[22][23]
EF3  | SE of Creighton to N of Bazile Mills | Antelope, Knox | NE | 42°26′02″N 97°52′54″W﻿ / ﻿42.4339°N 97.8817°W﻿ / 42.4339; -97.8817﻿ (Creighton (Oct. 4, EF3)) | 2220 – 2236  | 6.43 mi (10.35 km)  | 590 yd (540 m)  | Tornado touched down just inside Antelope County (to the south-southeast of Creighton) before moving north and into Knox County, where it dissipated 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Creighton. It was initially weak with damage confined to irrigation systems, siding, and shingles. It strengthened and completely destroyed a building that housed antique trackers (scattering rubble for the equivalent of three city blocks) before hitting the Creighton Municipal Airport, where several buildings were either heavily damaged or destroyed, including three hangars receiving roof, garage, and siding damage and a storage building losing its roof. The airport beacon was blown away as well. The tornado then took a track to the northwest, where a 10,000-bushel grain bin was completely destroyed and five more irrigation systems where destroyed. Many trees were downed, and power poles snapped at their base as well.[24]
EF2  | SW of Macy, NE to E of Bronson, IA | Thurston (NE), Monona (IA), Woodbury (IA) | NE, IA | 42°04′50″N 96°23′10″W﻿ / ﻿42.0805°N 96.3861°W﻿ / 42.0805; -96.3861﻿ (Macy (Oct. 4, EF2)) | 2255 – 2347  | 26.56 mi (42.74 km)  | 264 yd (241 m)  | Long-tracked tornado. Six homes in Macy were either heavily damaged or destroyed, while twelve more homes and one business sustained minor damage. Numerous vehicles, a center pivot irrigation system, and several buildings at farmsteads were damaged as well. The tornado crossed the Missouri River into Iowa west-northwest of Whiting and continued north-northeastward to the west of Sloan, where it spawned a satellite tornado. Two buildings were destroyed southeast of Salix and open-air buildings were severely damaged at a dairy farm east of Salix. Other homes and buildings were either severely damaged or destroyed between Salix and Bronson before the tornado lifted just east of Bronson. Many trees and four power poles were downed, and corn crops were flattened along the path. Two people were injured, both in Thurston County.[25]
EF0  | ESE of Allen | Dixon | NE | 42°23′39″N 96°44′01″W﻿ / ﻿42.3941°N 96.7337°W﻿ / 42.3941; -96.7337﻿ (Allen (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 2259 – 2301  | 0.68 mi (1.09 km)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Brief tornado with no damage.[26]
EF1  | W of Sloan | Woodbury | IA | 42°13′14″N 96°15′48″W﻿ / ﻿42.2206°N 96.2633°W﻿ / 42.2206; -96.2633﻿ (Sloan (Oct. 4, EF1)) | 2317 – 2320  | 1.17 mi (1.88 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | Trees were downed and farm buildings were either damaged or destroyed. This tornado occurred as a satellite to the previous tornado, the EF2 that affected Macy, Nebraska, Sloan, and Bronson.[27]
EF1  | NNW of Jackson, NE to SSE of Jefferson, SD | Dakota (NE), Union (SD) | NE, SD | 42°29′30″N 96°35′24″W﻿ / ﻿42.4918°N 96.59°W﻿ / 42.4918; -96.59﻿ (Jackson (Oct. 4, EF1)) | 2325 – 2335  | 5.89 mi (9.48 km)  | 400 yd (370 m)  | Tornado touched down in Dakota County and caused no damage, before crossing the Missouri River into South Dakota, where it damaged homes, overturned an irrigation system, and downed many trees in a subdivision west of McCook Lake before dissipating. One of the homes had a collapsed chimney, carport, porch roof, and walls of a garage, and at least four other houses had roof, siding, and/or gutter damage.[28]
EF1  | NE of Jefferson, SD | Union (SD), Plymouth (IA) | SD, IA | 42°34′12″N 96°33′22″W﻿ / ﻿42.570°N 96.5562°W﻿ / 42.570; -96.5562﻿ (Jefferson (Oct. 4, EF1)) | 2335 – 2345  | 6.47 mi (10.41 km)  | 800 yd (730 m)  | Tornado touched down south of Jefferson just after the previous tornado lifted, damaging a feedlot before crossing Interstate 29. The roof and gutters of a house and the walls and roof of at least two storage equipment buildings were severely damaged, a road sign was damaged, several grain bins were either blown over or crushed, trees and power poles were downed, and corn crops were flattened. One of the grain bins was wrapped around a house, causing damage to the roof, siding, and gutters of the house. The tornado tracked in total for 3 miles (4.8 km) in South Dakota before crossing the Big Sioux River into Plymouth County, Iowa and lifting 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of Jefferson after causing no damage.[29]
EF4  | SW of Climbing Hill to W of Washta | Woodbury, Cherokee | IA | 42°19′55″N 96°06′31″W﻿ / ﻿42.3319°N 96.1086°W﻿ / 42.3319; -96.1086﻿ (Climbing Hill (Oct. 4, EF4)) | 2335 – 0017  | 24.7 mi (39.8 km)  | 2,600 yd (2,400 m)  | Large, violent tornado tracked northeast through rural Woodbury and Cherokee counties, moving west and north of Climbing Hill, southeast of Moville and Pierson, and northwest of Correctionville before dissipating west of Washta. Numerous houses were either heavily damaged or destroyed, with some losing their entire roofs, having collapse of walls, and being shifted off of their foundations. Many sheds, outbuildings, barns, silos, pieces of farm equipment, and garages were destroyed, and a car was thrown 30 feet (9.1 m). Farm equipment was tossed about 400 yards (370 m) at a farmstead south of Pierson, including a large grain cart that put gouges in a road and had its axle and wheels broken off, and many trees and power lines were downed along the path.[30]
EF1  | NW of Hinton | Plymouth | IA | 42°40′33″N 96°26′43″W﻿ / ﻿42.6758°N 96.4453°W﻿ / 42.6758; -96.4453﻿ (Hinton (Oct. 4, EF1)) | 2350 – 2352  | 1.11 mi (1.79 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | Farm buildings were damaged, and trees were downed.[31]
EF0  | E of Adaville | Plymouth | IA | 42°44′47″N 96°22′53″W﻿ / ﻿42.7464°N 96.3815°W﻿ / 42.7464; -96.3815﻿ (Adaville (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 2355 – 2356  | 1.28 mi (2.06 km)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Brief tornado downed several trees.[32]
EF0  | NNE of Quimby | Cherokee | IA | 42°41′16″N 95°37′19″W﻿ / ﻿42.6879°N 95.622°W﻿ / 42.6879; -95.622﻿ (Cherokee (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 0041 – 0043  | 0.55 mi (0.89 km)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Brief tornado with no damage.[33]
EF0  | SW of Cherokee | Cherokee | IA | 42°43′00″N 95°35′24″W﻿ / ﻿42.7167°N 95.5901°W﻿ / 42.7167; -95.5901﻿ (Cherokee (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 0046 – 0047  | 0.4 mi (640 m)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Brief tornado with no damage.[34]
EF0  | NE of Cherokee | Cherokee | IA | 42°50′10″N 95°23′48″W﻿ / ﻿42.836°N 95.3967°W﻿ / 42.836; -95.3967﻿ (Cherokee (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 0118 – 0119  | 0.34 mi (550 m)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Brief tornado to the east-southeast of Larrabee caused no damage.[35]
EF1  | SSW of Alta | Buena Vista | IA | 42°36′12″N 95°21′54″W﻿ / ﻿42.6032°N 95.3649°W﻿ / 42.6032; -95.3649﻿ (Alta (Oct. 4, EF1)) | 0133 – 0142  | 5.45 mi (8.77 km)  | 200 yd (180 m)  | Tornado touched down 5 miles (8.0 km) south-southwest of Alta and ended just outside the south side of town. A few farmsteads were damaged, with a drive-thru garage and several outbuildings suffering significant damage at one farmstead, farm equipment being damaged, a school suffering roof and air conditioning damage, and a baseball complex sustaining considerable damage, including to bleachers.[36]
EF0  | NW of Webb | Clay | IA | 42°58′41″N 95°03′27″W﻿ / ﻿42.978°N 95.0574°W﻿ / 42.978; -95.0574﻿ (Webb (Oct. 4, EF0)) | 0147 – 0148  | 0.71 mi (1.14 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | Brief tornado to the south-southwest of Gillett Grove downed a few trees.[37]

### October 5 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, October 5, 2013[nb 1] EF# | Location  | County / Parish  | State  | Start Coord.  | Time (UTC)  | Path length  | Max width  | Summary

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EF0  | W of Endeavor | Marquette | WI | 43°42′00″N 89°28′37″W﻿ / ﻿43.70°N 89.477°W﻿ / 43.70; -89.477﻿ (Endeavor (Oct. 5, EF0)) | 2323 – 2330  | 1.78 mi (2.86 km)  | 50 yd (46 m)  | Numerous trees were snapped along with path, with one falling on a vehicle and a house, destroying the vehicle and damaging the roof of the house. Other homes had shingle damage, and a section of metal was peeled off of the roof of a farm house. Corn crops were downed, a farm building was damaged, and a boat was moved as well.[38]
EF0  | SW of Obion | Obion | TN | 36°14′04″N 89°14′55″W﻿ / ﻿36.2344°N 89.2485°W﻿ / 36.2344; -89.2485﻿ (Elbridge (Oct. 5, EF0)) | 2352 – 2353  | 0.18 mi (0.29 km)  | 25 yd (23 m)  | Brief tornado in an open field just north of the Obion River caused no damage.[39]

### October 7 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes – Monday, October 7, 2013[nb 1] EF# | Location  | County / Parish  | State  | Start Coord.  | Time (UTC)  | Path length  | Max width  | Summary

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EF1  | Paramus | Bergen | NJ | 40°55′54″N 74°05′33″W﻿ / ﻿40.9317°N 74.0926°W﻿ / 40.9317; -74.0926﻿ (Paramus (Oct. 7, EF1)) | 1916 – 1918  | 1.25 mi (2.01 km)  | 100 yd (91 m)  | Trees were downed in George Washington Memorial Park (a cemetery) and across adjoining golf courses – the Paramus Golf Course and the Ridgewood Country Club.[40]

### Wayne–Wakefield, Nebraska[edit]

Wayne–Wakefield, NebraskaEF4 tornado

Highest winds|

* 170 miles per hour (270 km/h)

Max. rating1| EF4 tornado
Fatalities| 15 injuries
Damage| >$50.5 million
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

A large multiple-vortex tornado, the first EF4 tornado in Nebraska since May 22, 2004, caused substantial damage along its path. Two farmsteads were struck southwest of Wayne, and many sheds and barns were either damaged or destroyed. Two homes in this area sustained EF3-strength damage as well. The tornado moved into the east side of Wayne, causing severe damage to a softball complex, damaging farm equipment at a dealership, and either damaging or completely destroying many large industrial metal buildings at an industrial park, some of which were either badly mangled or completely reduced to rubble. At this point, the tornado had reached its peak intensity, with widespread EF3 damage, and a few pockets of EF4-strength damage were noted. It then directly hit the Wayne Municipal Airport, where two hangars were flattened, leading to the destruction of 15 planes, and the AWOS was shredded and scattered over unknown distances. The tornado then caused EF2-type damage to another farmstead before crossing into Dixon County, where it narrowed, weakened, and eventually dissipated after causing roof, window, and siding damage to a few more houses, overturning a camper, and either heavily damaging or destroying a grain bin and numerous farm buildings, as well as farm equipment. Many trees were downed and crops were flattened along the path. Fifteen people were injured by the tornado. John Dunning, Chief Information Officer of Wayne State College, was critically injured, but has since recovered. He would have likely died had he stayed in his truck. This tornado caused $50.5 million, mainly in Wayne.[22][23][41] This became the first F4/EF4 tornado in October in the US since the Windsor Locks, Connecticut tornado of 1979, and the first tornado in Nebraska in October since 2001.[42]

## See also[edit]

* List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
* Weather of 2013

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ a b c d All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

## References[edit]

1. ^ Kwan-Yin Kong (October 4, 2013). "Storm Summary Number 3 for Northern Rockies and Northern Plains Winter Storm". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
2. ^ John Lee McLaughlin (October 8, 2013). "October 3–5, 2013 Blizzard over northeast Wyoming and western South Dakota". National Weather Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
3. ^ October 2013 Global Catastrophe Report, Aon, November 2013
4. ^ Dirk Lammers (October 4, 2013). "Storm Brings Snow, Tornadoes to Great Plains". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
5. ^ Winter Storm Atlas: Snow Totals and Photos from South Dakota, Wyoming and Montana, The Weather Channel, October 15, 2013
6. ^ Jennifer Gesick (October 3, 2013). "Blizzard warning issued for Rapid City and Black Hills". Rapid City Journal. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
7. ^ Greg McCune (October 5, 2013). "Upper Midwest struck by unusual autumn tornadoes, snowstorm". Reuters. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
8. ^ a b Chet Brokaw (October 5, 2013). "Great Plains digs out of heavy snow, storm debris". WISH-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
9. ^ Meghan Evans (October 9, 2013). "Blizzard, Tornadoes, Warmth: More Wild Weather on Way for US". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
10. ^ Jillian MacMath (October 7, 2013). "PHOTOS: Central US Storm Unleashes Tornadoes, Feet of Snow". Accuweather. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
11. ^ Greg McCune (October 5, 2013). "Upper Midwest struck by unusual autumn tornadoes, snowstorm". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
12. ^ a b Steven Yaccino (October 15, 2013). "South Dakota Ranchers Face Storm's Toll, but U.S.' Helping Hands Are Tied". The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
13. ^ Hunhoff, Bernie (October 6, 2014). "The Cattleman's Blizzard". South Dakota Magazine. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
14. ^ Daniel Simmons-Ritchie (October 8, 2013). "Tens of thousands of cattle killed in Friday's blizzard, ranchers say". Rapid City Journal. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
15. ^ Francie Ganje (October 6, 2013). "October blizzard taking a toll on livestock". KBHB Ranch Radio. Archived from the original on October 11, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
16. ^ "Great Plains digs out of heavy snow, storm debris". Morning Journal. Associated Press. October 6, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
17. ^ Kevin Cole (October 6, 2013). "3 Killed in snowy crash were Lincoln, Kansas residents". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
18. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
19. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
20. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
21. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
22. ^ a b Nebraska Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
23. ^ a b Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
24. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
25. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
26. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
27. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
28. ^ Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
29. ^ South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
30. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
31. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
32. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
33. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
34. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
35. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
36. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
37. ^ Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
38. ^ Wisconsin Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
39. ^ Tennessee Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
40. ^ New Jersey Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
41. ^ Wayne, NE EF4 Tornado – October 4, 2013, TornadoTalk
42. ^ Recap: October Tornadoes Hammer Northeast Nebraska, Northwest Iowa, The Weather Channel, October 31, 2013

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* 1977
* Jan 28 – Feb 1
* 1978
* Jan 25–27
* Feb 5–7
* 1979
* Jan 13–14
* 1989
* Dec 22 – 24
* 1991
* Oct 31 – Nov 3
* 1992
* Dec 10–12
* 1993
* Mar 12–15
* 1995
* Feb 2–6
* 1996
* Jan 6–10
* 1997
* Mar 31 – Apr 1)
* (Oct 24–26
* 1998
* Jan 4–10
* 1999
* Jan 2–4
* Jan 14–15

21st century|

| 2000s|

* 2000
* Jan 18–30
* Dec 27–31
* 2002
* Jan 29–31
* Feb 7
* Dec 4–5
* 2003
* Feb 14–19
* Dec 5–8
* 2004
* Feb 17–23)
* (Dec 21–24
* Dec 24–28
* 2005
* Jan 20–23
* Dec 14–16
* 2006
* Feb 11–13
* Oct 11–13
* Nov 20–24
* Nov 26 – Dec 1
* Dec 20 – Jan 1
* 2007
* Jan 11–24
* Feb 12–20
* Apr 13–17
* Nov 29 – Dec 4
* Nov 29 – Dec 5
* Dec 8–18
* 2008
* Jan 3–11
* Mar 6–10
* Dec 11–12
* Dec 19–25
* 2009
* Jan 25–30)
* (Oct 13–20
* Dec 16–20
* Dec 22–28

|

2010s|

* 2010
* Jan 17–26
* Feb 1–6
* Feb 7–11
* Feb 24–27
* Mar 12–16)
* (Oct 23–28
* Dec 5–29
* 2011
* Jan 8–13
* Jan 24–28
* Jan 29 – Feb 3)
* (Oct 28 – Nov 1
* Nov 8–10
* 2012
* Jan 16–20)
* (Oct 29 – Nov 2
* Nov 7–10
* Dec 17–22
* Dec 25–28
* 2013
* Feb 7–18
* Feb 22 – Mar 5
* Mar 1–10
* Mar 18–24)
* (Oct 3–5
* Nov 25–28
* Dec 19–23
* 2014
* Dec 30, 2013 – Jan 6
* Jan 20–22
* Jan 27–31
* Feb 11–14
* Feb 19–21
* Feb 27 – Mar 4
* Mar 24–28)
* (Nov 8–13
* Nov 13–21
* Dec 9–11
* Dec 10–27
* 2015
* Jan 23–30
* Jan 31 – Feb 2
* Feb 12–17
* Feb 20 – Mar 1
* Feb 25–26
* Mar 1–6
* May 9–11)
* (Nov 24–27
* Dec 26–30
* 2016
* Jan 21–24
* Jan 29 – Feb 7
* Feb 7–10
* Feb 23–24
* Mar 8–11
* Mar 21–25
* Apr 15–23)
* (Dec 23–26
* 2017
* Jan 4–8
* Jan 7–13
* Jan 10–17
* Jan 19–24
* Jan 21–23
* Feb 6–10
* Feb 12–14
* Feb 8–22
* Mar 11–15
* Apr 28 – May 1)
* (Oct 29–31
* Dec 7–10
* 2018
* Jan 2–5
* Jan 13–16
* Mar 1–3
* Mar 6–8
* Mar 12–14
* Mar 20–22
* Apr 12–15
* 2019
* Jan 16–21
* Feb 11–13
* March 3-4
* Mar 11–15
* Apr 10–12)
* (Nov 26 – Dec 3
* Dec 21–26

2020s|

* 2020
* Jan 14–19
* Feb 2–5
* Feb 9–13)
* (Oct 26–28
* Oct 29–30
* Nov 29 – Dec 2
* Dec 4–6
* Dec 14–18
* Dec 23–25
* Dec 30 – Jan 2, 2021
* 2021
* Jan 12–17
* Jan 25 – Feb 4
* Feb 6–8
* Feb 10–12
* Feb 11–14
* Feb 13–17
* Feb 15–20
* Mar 10–17
* Mar 16–17
* Apr 15–17)
* (Oct 24–26
* Dec 9–12
* Dec 13–18
* 2022
* Jan 1–4
* Jan 14–17
* Jan 27–30
* Feb 1–5
* Apr 11-14)
* (Nov 17–20
* Dec 12-16
* Dec 21–26
* 2023
* Jan 31-Feb 2
* Feb 21-28
* Mar 14

Related|

* Cold wave
* Extreme weather
* Extratropical cyclone
* Global weirding
* Polar vortex
* Storm naming

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