Old World monkey

Family of mammals

Old World monkeys[1]

Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent

PreꞒ

Olive baboon (Papio anubis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Primates
Suborder:  | Haplorhini
Infraorder:  | Simiiformes
Parvorder:  | Catarrhini
Superfamily:  | Cercopithecoidea
Gray, 1821[2]
Family:  | Cercopithecidae
Gray, 1821[2]
Type genus
Cercopithecus

Linnaeus, 1758

Subfamilies

* Cercopithecinae – 13 genera

* Colobinae – 10 genera

The distribution and density of Old World monkey species

Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae (/ˌsɜːrkoʊpɪˈθɛsɪdiː/). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus Papio), red colobus (genus Piliocolobus), and macaques (genus Macaca). Common names for other Old World monkeys include the talapoin, guenon, colobus, douc (douc langur, genus Pygathrix), vervet, gelada, mangabey (a group of genera), langur, mandrill, drill, surili (Presbytis), patas, and proboscis monkey.

Phylogenetically, they are more closely related to apes than to New World monkeys, with the Old World monkeys and apes diverging from a common ancestor between 25 million and 30 million years ago.[3] This clade, containing the Old World monkeys and the apes, diverged from a common ancestor with the New World monkeys around 45 to 55 million years ago.[4][need quotation to verify] The individual species of Old World monkey are more closely related to each other than to apes or any other grouping, with a common ancestor around 14 million years ago.[5]

The smallest Old World monkey is the talapoin, with a head and body 34–37 centimetres (13–15 in) in length, and weighing between 0.7 and 1.3 kilograms (1.5 and 2.9 lb). The largest is the male mandrill, around 70 centimetres (28 in) in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms (110 lb)[6] Old World monkeys have a variety of facial features; some have snouts, some are flat-nosed, and many exhibit coloration. Most have tails, but they are not prehensile.

Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia today, inhabiting numerous environments: tropical rain forests, savannas, shrublands, and mountainous terrain. They inhabited much of Europe in the past; today, the only survivors in Europe are the Barbary macaques of Gibraltar. Whether they were native to Gibraltar or were brought by humans is unknown.

Some Old World monkeys are arboreal, such as the colobus monkeys; others are terrestrial, such as the baboons. Most are at least partially omnivorous, but all prefer plant matter, which forms the bulk of their diets. Most are highly opportunistic, primarily eating fruit, but also consuming almost any food item available, such as flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizomes, insects, snails, small mammals,[6] and garbage and handouts from humans.

## Taxonomic classification and phylogeny

[edit]

Main article: List of cercopithecoids

A male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Young collared mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus). Black-footed gray langur, (Semnopithecus hypoleucos) Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii)

Two subfamilies are recognized, the Cercopithecinae, which are mainly African, but include the diverse genus of macaques, which are Asian and North African, and the Colobinae, which includes most of the Asian genera, but also the African colobus monkeys.

The Linnaean classification beginning with the superfamily is:

* Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
* Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
* Subfamily Cercopithecinae
* Tribe Cercopithecini
* Genus Allenopithecus – Allen's swamp monkey
* Genus Miopithecus – talapoins
* Genus Erythrocebus – patas monkeys
* Genus Chlorocebus
* Genus Cercopithecus – guenons
* Genus Allochrocebus – terrestrial guenons
* Tribe Papionini
* Genus Macaca – macaques
* Genus Lophocebus – crested mangabeys
* Genus Rungwecebus – kipunji
* Genus Papio – baboons
* Genus Theropithecus – gelada
* Genus Cercocebus – white-eyelid mangabeys
* Genus Mandrillus – mandrill and drill
* Subfamily Colobinae
* African group
* Genus Colobus – black-and-white colobuses
* Genus Piliocolobus – red colobuses
* Genus Procolobus – olive colobus
* Langur (leaf monkey) group
* Genus Semnopithecus – gray langurs or Hanuman langurs
* Genus Trachypithecus – lutungs
* Genus Presbytis – surilis
* Odd-nosed group
* Genus Pygathrix – doucs
* Genus Rhinopithecus – snub-nosed monkeys
* Genus Nasalis – proboscis monkey
* Genus Simias – pig-tailed langur

Paracolobus chemeroni fossil

The distinction between apes and monkeys is complicated by the traditional paraphyly of monkeys: Apes emerged as a sister group of Old World monkeys in the catarrhines, which are a sister group of New World monkeys. Therefore, cladistically, apes, catarrhines and related contemporary extinct groups, such as Parapithecidae, are monkeys as well, for any consistent definition of "monkey".[7]

"Old World monkey" may also legitimately be taken to be meant to include all the catarrhines, including apes and extinct species such as Aegyptopithecus,[8] in which case the apes, Cercopithecoidea and Aegyptopithecus as well as (under an even more expanded definition) even the Platyrrhini[9] emerged within the Old World monkeys. Historically, monkeys from the "Old World" (Afro-Arabia), somehow drifted to the "New World" some 40 million years ago, forming the "New World monkeys" (platyrrhines). Apes would emerge later within the Afro-Arabia group.

## Characteristics

[edit]

Old World monkeys are medium to large in size, and range from arboreal forms, such as the colobus monkeys, to fully terrestrial forms, such as the baboons. The smallest is the talapoin, with a head and body 34–37 cm in length, and weighing between 0.7 and 1.3 kilograms, while the largest is the male mandrill (the females of the species being significantly smaller), at around 70 cm in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms.[6]

Most Old World monkeys have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), unlike the tailless apes. The tails of Old World monkeys are not prehensile, unlike those of the New World monkeys (platyrrhines).

The distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the rhinarium, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition (the number of teeth is the same in both, but they are shaped differently). In platyrrhines, the nostrils face sideways, while in catarrhines, they face downward. Other distinctions include both a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not twelve, premolars in catarrhines, giving them a dental formula of: 2.1.2.32.1.2.3

Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. For example, the colobus monkeys have stubs for thumbs to assist with their arboreal movement, the proboscis monkey has an extraordinary nose, while the snub-nosed monkeys have almost no nose at all.

The penis of the male mandrill is crimson and the scrotum is lilac; the face is also brightly colored. The coloration is more pronounced in dominant males.[10]

## Habitat and distribution

[edit]

The Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia today, inhabiting numerous environments: tropical rain forests, savannas, shrublands, and mountainous terrain. They inhabited much of Europe during the Neogene period.[11]

## Behaviour and ecology

[edit]

### Diet

[edit]

Most Old World monkeys are at least partially omnivorous, but all prefer plant matter, which forms the bulk of their diet. Leaf monkeys are the most vegetarian, subsisting primarily on leaves, and eating only a small number of insects, while the other species are highly opportunistic, primarily eating fruit, but also consuming almost any food items available, such as flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizomes, insects, snails, and even small vertebrates.[6] The Barbary macaque's diet consists mostly of leaves and roots, though it will also eat insects and uses cedar trees as a water source.[12]

### Reproduction

[edit]

Gestation in the Old World monkeys lasts between five and seven months. Births are usually single, although, as with humans, twins occur occasionally. The young are born relatively well-developed, and are able to cling onto their mother's fur with their hands from birth. Compared with most other mammals, they take a long time to reach sexual maturity, with four to six years being typical of most species.

### Social systems

[edit]

In most species, daughters remain with their mothers for life, so that the basic social group among Old World monkeys is a matrilineal troop. Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing hierarchical relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources.[6]

## See also

[edit]

* Mammals portal
* Primates portal

* List of Old World monkey species
* List of primates by population

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 152–178\. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
2. ^ a b Gray, J.E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository. 15 (1): 296–310.
3. ^ Palmer, Chris; magazine, Nature. "Fossils Indicate Common Ancestor for Old World Monkeys and Apes". Scientific American. Retrieved 11 December 2023. "25 million to 30"
4. ^ Perez, S.I.; Tejedor, M.F.; et al. (June 2013). "Divergence times and the evolutionary radiation of New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates): an analysis of fossil and molecular data". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e68029. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868029P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068029. PMC 3694915. PMID 23826358.
5. ^ Dawkins, Richard (2004). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 138\. ISBN 9780618619160.
6. ^ a b c d e Brandon-Jones, Douglas & Rowell, Thelma E. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 370–405. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
7. ^ "GEOL 204 The Fossil Record: The Scatterlings of Africa: The Origins of Humanity". www.geol.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
8. ^ AronRa (2010-01-16), Turns out we DID come from monkeys!, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2018-11-12
9. ^ "Early Primate Evolution: The First Primates". anthro.palomar.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
10. ^ Setchell, Joanna M.; Dixson, Alan F. (2002). "Developmental variables and dominance rank in adolescent male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)". American Journal of Primatology. 56 (1): 9–25\. doi:10.1002/ajp.1060. PMID 11793410. S2CID 25762754.
11. ^ Agustí, Jordi; Antón, Mauricio (2002). Mammoths, Sabretooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Evolution in Europe. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–218\. ISBN 0-231-11640-3.
12. ^ Ciani, Andrea Camperio; Martinoli, Loredana; Capiluppi, Claudio; Arahou, Mohamed; Mouna, Mohamed (2001). "Effects of Water Availability and Habitat Quality on Bark-Stripping Behavior in Barbary Macaques". Conservation Biology. 15 (1): 259–265\. Bibcode:2001ConBi..15..259C. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99019.x. S2CID 86080812.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cercopithecidae.

* Data related to Cercopithecoidea at Wikispecies
* Data related to Cercopithecidae at Wikispecies

* v
* t
* e

Extant primate families

* Kingdom Animalia
* Phylum Chordata
* Class Mammalia
* Infraclass Eutheria
* Superorder Euarchontoglires

Strepsirrhini|

| Lorisoidea|

* Lorisidae
* Galagidae

|

Lemuroidea|

| Chiromyiformes|

* Daubentoniidae

|

* Cheirogaleidae
* Lemuridae
* Lepilemuridae
* Indriidae

Haplorhini|

* Tarsiidae

Simian|

| Platyrrhini|

* Cebidae
* Callitrichidae
* Aotidae
* Pitheciidae
* Atelidae

|

Catharrhini|

* Cercopithecidae

Hominoidea|

* Hylobatidae
* Hominidae

* v
* t
* e

Extant species of family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) (subfamily Cercopithecinae)

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Primates
* Suborder: Haplorhini

Cercopithecini|

| Allenopithecus|

* Allen's swamp monkey (A. nigroviridis)

|

Miopithecus
(Talapoins)|

* Angolan talapoin (M. talapoin)
* Gabon talapoin (M. ogouensis)

Erythrocebus|

* Southern patas monkey (E. baumstarki)
* Common patas monkey (E. patas)
* Blue Nile patas monkey (E. poliophaeus)

Chlorocebus
(Vervet monkeys)|

* Dryas monkey (C. dryas)
* Green monkey (C. sabaeus)
* Grivet (C. aethiops)
* Bale Mountains vervet (C. djamdjamensis)
* Tantalus monkey (C. tantalus)
* Vervet monkey (C. pygerythrus)
* Malbrouck (C. cynosuros)

Allochrocebus
(Terrestrial guenons)|

* L'Hoest's monkey (A. lhoesti)
* Preuss's monkey (A. preussi)
* Sun-tailed monkey (A. solatus)

Cercopithecus
(Arboreal guenons)|

* Diana monkey (C. diana)
* Roloway monkey (C. roloway)
* Greater spot-nosed monkey (C. nictitans)
* Blue monkey (C. mitis)
* Mona monkey (C. mona)
* Campbell's mona monkey (C. campbelli)
* Lowe's mona monkey (C. lowei)
* Crested mona monkey (C. pogonias)
* Wolf's mona monkey (C. wolfi)
* Dent's mona monkey (C. denti)
* Lesser spot-nosed monkey (C. petaurista)
* White-throated guenon (C. erythrogaster)
* Sclater's guenon (C. sclateri)
* Red-eared guenon (C. erythrotis)
* Moustached guenon (C. cephus)
* Red-tailed monkey (C. ascanius)
* Hamlyn's monkey (C. hamlyni)
* De Brazza's monkey (C. neglectus)
* Lesula (C. lomamiensis)

Papionini|

| Macaca
(Macaques)|

* Barbary macaque (M. sylvanus)
* Lion-tailed macaque (M. silenus)
* Southern pig-tailed macaque (M. nemestrina)
* Northern pig-tailed macaque (M. leonina)
* Pagai Island macaque (M. pagensis)
* Siberut macaque (M. siberu)
* Moor macaque (M. maura)
* Booted macaque (M. ochreata)
* Tonkean macaque (M. tonkeana)
* Heck's macaque (M. hecki)
* Gorontalo macaque (M. nigrescens)
* Celebes crested macaque (M. nigra)
* Crab-eating macaque (M. fascicularis)
* Stump-tailed macaque (M. arctoides)
* Rhesus macaque (M. mulatta)
* Formosan rock macaque (M. cyclopis)
* Japanese macaque (M. fuscata)
* Toque macaque (M. sinica)
* Bonnet macaque (M. radiata)
* Assam macaque (M. assamensis)
* Tibetan macaque (M. thibetana)
* Arunachal macaque (M. munzala)
* White-cheeked macaque (M. leucogenys)

|

Lophocebus
(Crested mangabeys)|

* Grey-cheeked mangabey (L. albigena)
* Black crested mangabey (L. aterrimus)

Rungwecebus|

* Kipunji (R. kipunji)

Papio
(Baboons)|

* Olive baboon (P. anubis)
* Yellow baboon (P. cynocephalus)
* Hamadryas baboon (P. hamadryas)
* Guinea baboon (P. papio)
* Chacma baboon (P. ursinus)
* Kinda baboon (P. kindae)

Theropithecus|

* Gelada (T. gelada)

Cercocebus
(White-eyelid
mangabeys)|

* Sooty mangabey (C. atys)
* Collared mangabey (C. torquatus)
* Agile mangabey (C. agilis)
* Golden-bellied mangabey (C. chrysogaster)
* Tana River mangabey (C. galeritus)
* Sanje mangabey (C. sanjei)
* White-naped mangabey (C. lunulatus)

Mandrillus|

* Mandrill (M. sphinx)
* Drill (M. leucophaeus)

Category

* v
* t
* e

Extant species of family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) (subfamily Colobinae)

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Primates
* Suborder: Haplorhini

African group|

| Colobus
(Black and white colobi)|

* Black colobus (C. satanas)
* Angola colobus (C. angolensis)
* King colobus (C. polykomos)
* Ursine colobus (C. vellerosus)
* Mantled guereza (C. guereza)

|

Piliocolobus
(Red colobi)|

* Western red colobus (P. badius)
* Miss Waldron's red colobus (P. waldronae)
* Pennant's colobus (P. pennantii)
* Preuss's red colobus (P. preussi)
* Thollon's red colobus (P. tholloni)
* Foa's red colobus (P. foai)
* Ugandan red colobus (P. tephrosceles)
* Udzungwa red colobus (P. gordonorum)
* Zanzibar red colobus (P. kirkii)
* Tana River red colobus (P. rufomitratus)
* Niger Delta red colobus (P. epieni)
* Bouvier's red colobus (P. bouvieri)
* Semliki red colobus (P. semlikiensis)
* Lang's red colobus (P. langi)
* Oustalet's red colobus (P. oustaleti)
* Lomami red colobus (P. parmentieri)
* Ulindi River red colobus (P. lulindicus)

Procolobus|

* Olive colobus (P. verus)

Langur group|

| Semnopithecus
(Gray langurs)|

* Nepal gray langur (S. schistaceus)
* Kashmir gray langur (S. ajax)
* Tarai gray langur (S. hector)
* Northern plains gray langur (S. entellus)
* Black-footed gray langur (S. hypoleucos)
* Tufted gray langur (S. priam)
* Purple-faced langur (S. vetulus)
* Nilgiri langur (S. johnii)

|

Trachypithecus|

* T. cristatus group: East Javan langur (T. auratus)
* West Javan langur (T. mauritius)
* Silvery lutung (T. cristatus)
* Germain's langur (T. germaini)
* Annamese langur (T. margarita)
* Tenasserim lutung (T. barbei)
* Selangor silvered langur (T. selangorensis)

* T. obscurus group: Dusky leaf monkey (T. obscurus)
* Indochinese grey langur (T. crepusculus)
* Phayre's leaf monkey (T. phayrei)
* Popa langur (T. popa)

* T. pileatus group: Capped langur (T. pileatus)
* Shortridge's langur (T. shortridgei)
* Gee's golden langur (T. geei)

* T. francoisi group: François' langur (T. francoisi)
* Hatinh langur (T. hatinhensis)
* Cat Ba langur (T. poliocephalus)
* White-headed langur (T. leucocephalus)
* Laotian langur (T. laotum)
* Delacour's langur (T. delacouri)
* Indochinese black langur (T. ebenus)

Presbytis
(Surilis)|

* Black-crested Sumatran langur (P. melalophos)
* Black-and-white langur (P. bicolor)
* Black Sumatran langur (P. sumatrana)
* Mitered langur (P. mitrata)
* Raffles' banded langur (P. femoralis)
* Robinson's banded langur (P. robinsoni)
* East Sumatran banded langur (P. percura)
* Sarawak surili (P. chrysomelas)
* White-thighed surili (P. siamensis)
* White-fronted surili (P. frontata)
* Javan surili (P. comata)
* Thomas's langur (P. thomasi)
* Hose's langur (P. hosei)
* Miller's langur (P. canicrus)
* Sabah grizzled langur (P. sabana)
* Maroon leaf monkey (P. rubicunda)
* Mentawai langur (P. potenziani)
* Siberut langur (P. siberu)
* Natuna Island surili (P. natunae)

Odd-nosed group|

| Pygathrix
(Doucs)|

* Red-shanked douc (P. nemaeus)
* Black-shanked douc (P. nigripes)
* Gray-shanked douc (P. cinerea)

|

Rhinopithecus
(Snub-nosed monkeys)|

* Golden snub-nosed monkey (R. roxellana)
* Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (R. bieti)
* Gray snub-nosed monkey (R. brelichi)
* Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (R. avunculus)
* Myanmar snub-nosed monkey (R. strykeri)

Nasalis|

* Proboscis monkey (N. larvatus)

Simias|

* Pig-tailed langur (S. concolor)

Category

* v
* t
* e

Haplorhini

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

* Altanius?
* Altiatlasius?
* Bownomomys
* Kohatius

Microchoerinae|

* Indusomys
* Melaneremia
* Microchoerus
* Nannopithex
* Necrolemur
* Paraloris
* Pseudoloris
* Quercyloris
* Vectipithex

"Anaptomorphinae"|

* Absarokius
* Anaptomorphus
* Anemorhysis
* Arapahovius
* Aycrossia
* Chlororhysis
* Gazinius
* Pseudotetonius
* Sphacorhysis
* Strigorhysis
* Tatmanius
* Teilhardina
* Tetonius
* Tetonoides
* Trogolemur
* Walshina

"Omomyinae"|

* Ageitodendron
* Asiomomys
* Brontomomys
* Chipetaia
* Chumashius
* Diablomomys
* Dyseolemur
* Ekwiiyemakius
* Gunnelltarsius
* Hemiacodon
* Jemezius
* Loveina
* Macrotarsius
* Nesomomys
* Omomys
* Ourayia
* Rooneyia
* Shoshonius
* Steinius
* Stockia
* Uintanius
* Utahia
* Washakius
* Wyomomys
* Yaquius

Tarkadectinae|

* Tarka
* Tarkadectes
* Tarkops

| Tarsiiformes|

* †Archicebus
* †Afrotarsiidae?
* †"Omomyidae"?

Tarsiidae|

* Carlito
* Cephalopachus
* †Hesperotarsius
* †Oligotarsius
* Tarsius
* †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes|

*     * see below↓

Simiiformes

Simiiformes

* †Altiatlasius?
* †Amamria
* †Aseanpithecus
* †Nosmips?
* †Phileosimias?

†Afrotarsiidae?|

* Afrasia
* Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae|

* Bahinia
* Eosimias
* Phenacopithecus

†Amphipithecidae|

* Amphipithecus
* Bugtipithecus?
* Ganlea
* Krabia
* Myanmarpithecus
* Pondaungia
* Siamopithecus

†Parapithecoidea|

* Arsinoea
* Biretia

Proteopithecidae|

* Proteopithecus
* Serapia

Parapithecidae|

* Abuqatrania
* Apidium
* Parapithecus
* Qatrania
* Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

* †Parvimico
* †Perupithecus
* †Szalatavus
* †Canaanimico
* †Branisella
* †Lagonimico

Aotidae|

* Aotus
* †Tremacebus

Pitheciidae|

* †Antillothrix
* Cacajao
* Callicebus
* †Carlocebus
* †Cebupithecia
* Cheracebus
* Chiropotes
* †Homunculus
* †Insulacebus
* †Mazzonicebus
* †Miocallicebus
* †Nuciruptor
* Pithecia
* Plecturocebus
* †Proteropithecia
* †Soriacebus
* †Xenothrix

Atelidae|

* Alouatta
* Ateles
* Brachyteles
* †Caipora
* †Cartelles
* †Chilecebus
* Lagothrix
* †Mohanamico
* Oreonax
* †Paralouatta
* †Protopithecus
* †Solimoea
* †Stirtonia

Cebidae|

* †Acrecebus
* Cebus
* †Dolichocebus
* †Killikaike
* †Panamacebus
* †Patasola
* Saimiri
* Sapajus

Callitrichidae|

* Callimico
* Callithrix
* Cebuella
* Leontocebus
* Leontopithecus
* Mico
* †Micodon
* Saguinus

| Catarrhini|

*     * see below↓

|

Catarrhini

Catarrhini

* †Micropithecus
* †Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae|

* Catopithecus
* Oligopithecus
* Talahpithecus

†Propliopithecidae|

* Aegyptopithecus
* Propliopithecus

†Pliopithecoidea|

* Krishnapithecus
* Paidopithex
* †Kapi

Pliopithecidae|

* Epipliopithecus
* Pliopithecus

Dionysopithecidae|

* Dionysopithecus
* Platodontopithecus

Crouzeliidae|

* Anapithecus
* Barberapithecus
* Crouzelia
* Egarapithecus
* Fanchangia
* Laccopithecus
* Plesiopliopithecus
* Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

* †Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae|

* Noropithecus
* Nsungwepithecus?
* Prohylobates?
* Victoriapithecus
* Zaltanpithecus

Colobinae|

* †Cercopithecoides
* Colobus
* †Dolichopithecus
* †Kuseracolobus
* †Libypithecus
* †Mesopithecus
* †Microcolobus
* Nasalis
* †Paracolobus
* †Parapresbytis
* Piliocolobus
* Presbytis
* Procolobus
* Pygathrix
* †Rhinocolobus
* Rhinopithecus
* †Sawecolobus
* Semnopithecus
* Simias
* Trachypithecus

Cercopithecinae|

| Cercopithecini|

* Allenopithecus
* Allochrocebus
* Cercopithecus
* Chlorocebus
* Erythrocebus
* Miopithecus
* †Nanopithecus

|

Papionini|

* Cercocebus
* †Dinopithecus
* †Gorgopithecus
* Lophocebus
* Macaca
* Mandrillus
* Papio
* †Paradolichopithecus
* †Parapapio
* †Pliopapio
* †Procercocebus
* †Procynocephalus
* Rungwecebus
* †Soromandrillus
* Theropithecus

| Hominoidea|

*     * see below↓

|

Hominoidea

Hominoidea

* †Afropithecus
* †Ekembo
* †Equatorius
* †Griphopithecus
* †Kamoyapithecus?
* †Kenyapithecus
* †Morotopithecus
* †Nacholapithecus
* †Otavipithecus
* †Proconsul
* †Samburupithecus

†Dendropithecidae|

* Dendropithecus
* Micropithecus?
* Nyanzapithecus
* Oreopithecus?
* Rangwapithecus
* Rukwapithecus
* Simiolus
* Turkanapithecus

Hylobatidae|

* †Bunopithecus
* Hoolock
* Hylobates
* †Junzi
* Nomascus
* Symphalangus
* †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

* †Buronius
* †Graecopithecus
* †Nakalipithecus
* †Ouranopithecus

Ponginae|

* †Ankarapithecus
* †Gigantopithecus
* †Indopithecus
* †Khoratpithecus
* †Lufengpithecus
* †Meganthropus
* Pongo
* †Sivapithecus

Homininae

| †Dryopithecini|

* Anoiapithecus
* Danuvius
* Dryopithecus
* Hispanopithecus?
* Pierolapithecus?
* Rudapithecus

|

Gorillini|

* †Chororapithecus?
* Gorilla
* †Nakalipithecus?

Hominini|

* Pan

Hominina|

* †Ardipithecus?
* †Australopithecus
* †Graecopithecus?
* Homo
* †Kenyanthropus
* †Orrorin?
* †Sahelanthropus?
* †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers

Cercopithecidae|

* Wikidata: Q182968
* Wikispecies: Cercopithecidae
* ADW: Cercopithecidae
* BOLD: 989
* CoL: 7X9
* EoL: 1657
* EPPO: 1CRCPF
* Fauna Europaea: 12631
* Fauna Europaea (new): 6046e344-c0df-4137-affe-cccceb3480f9
* GBIF: 9622
* iNaturalist: 43443
* IRMNG: 104633
* ITIS: 180096
* MSW: 12100421
* NCBI: 9527
* Open Tree of Life: 842868
* Paleobiology Database: 40860
* ZooBank: E133E9A9-CCBD-4627-BD0D-7AF380A90DA8

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[†]: Extinct