One-party state

State in which only one party has the right to form the government

Not to be confused with Dominant-party system.

This article is about one-party political states. For telephone call recording laws and notification and requirements, see Telephone call recording laws § One-party consent states. For the album, see One Party State (album). For other uses, see One party (disambiguation).

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A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.[1] In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited and controlled participation in elections. The term "de facto one-party state" is sometimes used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.[2]

Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population.[3] Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party dictatorships, structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into multi-party democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.[4] While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for independent canditates to stand for election in competition with party candidates. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.[5] For example, the Chinese Communist Party exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.[6] They view these positions as crucial for gathering information on the population and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.[7]

One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and gathering valuable data.[8] To account for this, the regimes have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.[9] One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.[10] They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents.[10] This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government.[10] Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions.[4] In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites.[7] Data on one-party regimes can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency.[5]

## Current one-party states

[edit]

As of 2025, the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

Country  | Head of party  | Leader title  | Party  | Ideology  | Date of establishment  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

China[11] |  Xi Jinping | General Secretary |  Chinese Communist Party | Socialism with Chinese characteristics | 1 October 1949  | 75 years, 193 days  | Eight minor parties have legal status as part of the "united front" system, but their leadership is determined by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department[12]
Cuba[13] |  Miguel Díaz-Canel | First Secretary |  Communist Party of Cuba | Marxism–Leninism, Castroism, Guevarism, Left-wing nationalism | 3 October 1965  | 63 years, 361 days  |
Eritrea[14] |  Isaias Afwerki | Chairperson |  People's Front for Democracy and Justice | Eritrean nationalism, Statism | 16 February 1994  | 31 years, 55 days  |
Laos[15] |  Thongloun Sisoulith | General Secretary |  Lao People's Revolutionary Party | Kaysone Phomvihane Thought | 2 December 1975  | 49 years, 131 days  |
North Korea[16] |  Kim Jong-un | General Secretary |  Workers' Party of Korea | Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism | 9 September 1948  | 76 years, 215 days  | Two minor parties are legally recognised, but are under the control of the Workers' Party of Korea[17]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |  Brahim Ghali | Secretary General |  Polisario Front | Sahrawi nationalism, Arab socialism | 27 February 1976  | 49 years, 44 days  | State with limited recognition, headquartered in Algeria
Vietnam[18] |  Tô Lâm | General Secretary |  Communist Party of Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh Thought | 2 September 1945[note 1] | 49 years, 347 days  | Two satellite parties operated until 1988; they were dissolved in response to the Revolutions of 1989.

## De facto one-party states

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2024)

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A de facto one-party system is one that, while not officially linking a single political party to governmental power, utilizes some means of political manipulation to ensure only one party stays in power.[22] Many different countries have been claimed to be de facto one-party states, with differing levels of agreement between scholars, although most agree that the African continent is marked by this political system.[23][24][25] Below are just a few examples of governments that have been claimed to have single party rule due to political manipulation.

Country  | Party  | Date of

establishment

| Information

|
|
|

Cambodia | Cambodian People's Party | 2017  | While Cambodia is constitutionally a multi-party state,[26] the Cambodian People's Party dominates its political system, and the party dissolved its main opposition party in 2017, making Cambodia a de facto one-party state.[27]
Nicaragua | Sandinista National Liberation Front | 2021  | Although Nicaragua has been practicing multiparty elections since 1990, the country has become a de facto one-party state with Sandinista National Liberation Front as the sole dominating party and was consolidated after the 2021 Nicaraguan general election.[28]
Rwanda | Rwandan Patriotic Front | 1994  | Although Rwanda nominally allows for multiparty elections, they are manipulated in various ways, which include the banning of opposition parties, the arrests or assassinations of critics, and electoral fraud.[29][30]
Venezuela[31] | United Socialist Party of Venezuela | 2017  | Since 2014, the country has been going through a period of crisis of legitimacy and exceptionality due to the order to close the National Assembly and the convocation of a Constituent Assembly by Nicolás Maduro on May 1, 2017, composed mostly of PSUV politicians. Since then, different laws have been approved to restrict political participation, including informal persecution and the disqualification of certain politicians (including complaints of electoral fraud), concluding in 2024, at which point, because of new laws, the majority of opposition politicians have been disqualified and their organizations banned, leaving only a controlled opposition.[32][33]

## Former one-party states

[edit]

Country  | Party  | Ideology  | Date of establishment  | Date of dissolution  | Duration  | Continent

|
|
|
|
|
|

Republic of Afghanistan | National Revolutionary Party | Pashtun nationalism, Pashtunization, Republicanism, Secularism | 14 February 1977[34][35] | 28 April 1978 | 1 year, 73 days  | Asia
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |  People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Khalq | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism, Pashtun nationalism, Anti-imperialism | 30 April 1978 | 24 December 1979 | 1 year, 238 days  | Asia
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of Afghanistan |  People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front)  | Communism (until 1990), Marxism–Leninism (until 1990), Afghan nationalism, Anti-imperialism | 24 December 1979 | 28 July 1992 | 12 years, 217 days  | Asia
Albanian Kingdom |  Albanian Fascist Party | Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Fascism, Italophilia, Serbophobia, Hellenophobia | 2 June 1939 | 27 July 1943 | 4 years, 55 days  | Europe
Albanian Kingdom | Guard of Greater Albania  | Albanian nationalism, Fascism | 27 July 1943 | 8 September 1943 | 43 days  | Europe
Albanian Kingdom | National Front | Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Anti-communism, Republicanism, Big tent, Agrarian socialism | 14 September 1943 | 29 November 1943 | 76 days  | Europe
Democratic Government of Albania |  Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism, Albanian nationalism, State Atheism | 20 October 1944 | 5 August 1945 | 289 days  | Europe
Democratic Government of Albania |  Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front)  | 5 August 1945 | 11 January 1946 | 159 days  | Europe
Albania | 11 January 1946 | 11 December 1990 | 44 years, 334 days  | Europe
Algeria |  National Liberation Front | Arab socialism, Algerian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Anti-imperialism | 3 July 1962 | 23 February 1989 | 26 years, 235 days  | Africa
People's Republic of Angola |  People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola | Communism, Left-wing nationalism, Marxism–Leninism | 11 November 1975 | 30 May 1991 | 15 years, 200 days  | Africa
Armenia | Communist Party of Armenia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 2 December 1920 | 30 December 1922 | 2 years, 28 days  | Asia
Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Armenia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 12 March 1922 | 30 December 1922 | 293 days  | Asia
Federal State of Austria |  Fatherland Front | Clerical fascism | 1 May 1934 | 13 March 1938 | 3 years, 316 days  | Europe
Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 30 April 1920 | 30 December 1922 | 2 years, 244 days  | Asia
Transcaucasia | Azerbaijan Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 12 March 1922 | 30 December 1922 | 293 days  | Asia
Bangladesh | Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League | Mujibism, Bengali nationalism, Socialism | 24 January 1975 | 15 August 1975 | 203 days  | Asia
Bangladesh | Jatiya Party | Bangladeshi nationalism, Conservatism, Authoritarianism, Militarism | 11 March 1988 | 6 December 1990 | 2 years, 270 days  | Asia
Dahomey | Dahomeyan Democratic Party | African nationalism | 15 December 1963 | 4 December 1965 | 1 year, 354 days  | Africa
Benin |  People's Revolutionary Party of Benin | Communism, Marxism–Leninism (nominally)  | 30 November 1975 | 1 March 1990 | 14 years, 91 days  | Africa
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia |  National Partnership | Collaborationism, Nazism | 6 April 1939 | 9 May 1945 | 6 years, 33 days  | Europe
Bulgaria |  Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 15 September 1946 | 15 January 1990 | 43 years, 122 days  | Europe
State of Burma | Dobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon[36] |  | 1943 | 1944 | 1 year, 0 days  | Asia
State of Burma | Maha Bama Asi Ayon[37] |  | 1944 | 1945 | 1 year, 0 days  | Asia
Burma |  Burma Socialist Programme Party | Burmese Way to Socialism | 2 March 1962 | 18 September 1988 | 26 years, 200 days  | Asia
Republic of Burundi |  Union for National Progress | Burundian nationalism, Tutsi interests  | 11 July 1974 | 13 March 1992 | 17 years, 246 days  | Africa
Byelorussia | Communist Party of Byelorussia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 31 July 1920 | 30 December 1922 | 2 years, 152 days  | Europe
Cambodia (Sangkum era)  | Sangkum | Khmer nationalism, National conservatism, Royalism, Statism, Buddhist socialism, Economic nationalism | 22 March 1955 | 18 March 1970 | 14 years, 361 days  | Asia
Kampuchea | Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Revisionism, Left-wing nationalism | 7 January 1979 | 1 May 1989 | 10 years, 114 days  | Asia
Republic of Cameroon | Cameroonian National Union | Big tent | 1 September 1966[38] | 24 March 1985 | 18 years, 204 days  | Africa
Cameroon | Cameroon People's Democratic Movement | Big tent, Nationalism, Francophilia | 1975  | 1990  | 15 years, 0 days  | Africa
Cape Verde |  African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1 July 1975 | 20 January 1981 | 5 years, 203 days  | Africa
Cape Verde |  African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 20 January 1981 | 28 September 1990 | 9 years, 251 days  | Africa
Carpatho-Ukraine | Ukrainian National Union [uk][39] | Nationalism[40] | 18 January 1939[41] | March 1939 | 60 days  | Europe
Central African Republic | Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa | African nationalism, Anti-colonialism, Progressivism, Anti-imperialism | 1962  | 1980  | 18 years, 0 days  | Africa
Central African Republic | Central African Democratic Union | African nationalism, Republicanism | 1 March 1980 | 2 September 1981 | 1 year, 185 days  | Africa
Central African Republic | Central African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Democratic socialism, Social democracy, Republicanism | 6 February 1987 | 22 April 1991[42] | 4 years, 75 days  | Africa
Chad | Chadian Progressive Party | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | 16 April 1962 | 6 April 1973 | 10 years, 355 days  | Africa
Chad | National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | 6 April 1973 | 13 April 1975 | 2 years, 7 days  | Africa
Chad | National Union for Independence and Revolution | Nationalism | 24 June 1984 | 3 December 1990 | 6 years, 162 days  | Africa
Guangzhou | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1927  |  | Asia
Hunan | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1927  |  | Asia
Jinggang | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1928  | 1 year, 0 days  | Asia
Southwest Jiangxi | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1930  | 1931  | 1 year, 0 days  | Asia
Chinese Soviet Republic |  Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 7 November 1931 | 22 September 1937 | 5 years, 319 days  | Asia
Xinjiang | People's Anti-Imperialist Association | Six Great Policies | 1 August 1935 | 1 April 1942 | 6 years, 243 days  | Asia
Republic of China[note 2]/Taiwan |  Kuomintang | Tridemism | 1 July 1925 | 15 July 1987 | 62 years, 14 days  | Asia
Yan'an | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1937  | 1949  | 12 years, 0 days  | Asia
Comoros | Comorian Union for Progress | Nationalism | 1982  | 1990  | 8 years, 0 days  | Africa
People's Republic of the Congo | Congolese Party of Labour | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 31 January 1969 | 18 March 1992 | 23 years, 47 days  | Africa
Tinoquista Costa Rica | Peliquista Party | Nationalism, Personalism, Authoritarianism | 27 January 1917 | 12 August 1919 | 2 years, 197 days  | North America
Czechoslovakia |  Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Husakism | 25 February 1948 | 30 November 1989 | 41 years, 278 days  | Europe
Dahomey | Dahomeyan Unity Party | African nationalism, Republicanism | 11 April 1961 | 13 November 1963 | 2 years, 216 days  | Africa
Danzig |  Nazi Party | Nazism | 21 October 1937[43][44] | 1 September 1939 | 1 year, 315 days  | Europe
Djibouti | People's Rally for Progress | Issa interests | 1 October 1981 | 4 September 1992 | 10 years, 339 days  | Africa
Dominican Republic | Dominican Party | Trujillism, National conservatism, Right-wing populism, Antihaitianismo | 2 August 1931 | 28 December 1961 | 30 years, 148 days  | North America
East Germany |  Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Democratic Bloc)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 7 October 1949 | 30 March 1950 | 174 days  | Europe
East Germany |  Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front of the German Democratic Republic)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 30 March 1950 | 1 December 1989 | 39 years, 246 days  | Europe
Egypt | Liberation Rally | Egyptian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism | 10 February 1953 | 1957  | 4 years, 0 days  | Africa
Egypt | National Union | Nasserism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism | 1957  | 1962  | 5 years, 0 days  | Africa
Egypt | Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism | 1961  | 1976  | 15 years, 0 days  | Africa
Egypt | National Democratic Party | Egyptian nationalism, Big-Tent, Neo-liberalism | 1976  | 2011  | 35 years, 0 days  | Africa
El Salvador |  National Pro Patria Party | Fascism, Anti-communism, Conservatism, Agrarian oligarchy | 1933  | 1944  | 11 years, 0 days  | Central America
Equatorial Guinea | United National Workers' Party | African nationalism, Personalism, Anti-imperialism, Anti-colonialism, Anti-racism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-intellectualism, Totalitarianism | 7 July 1970 | 25 August 1979 | 9 years, 49 days  | Africa
Equatorial Guinea | Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea | African nationalism, Militarism | 11 October 1987 | 16 November 1991 | 4 years, 36 days  | Africa
Eritrea |  Eritrean People's Liberation Front | Left-wing nationalism | 1991 (Provisional government)

1993 (Recognized state)

| 16 February 1994 | 3 years, 0 days  | Africa
Estonia | Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution)  | Estonian nationalism, Personalism | 9 March 1935 | 21 July 1940 | 5 years, 134 days  | Europe
Estonia | Communist Party of Estonia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 21 July 1940 | 9 August 1940 | 19 days  | Europe
Ethiopia | Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 12 September 1984 | 22 February 1987 | 2 years, 163 days  | Africa
Ethiopia |  Workers' Party of Ethiopia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 22 February 1987 | 28 April 1991 | 4 years, 65 days  | Africa
Gabon | Gabonese Democratic Party | Conservatism | 12 March 1968 | 22 May 1990 | 22 years, 71 days  | Africa
Georgia | Communist Party of Georgia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 25 February 1921 | 30 December 1922 | 1 year, 308 days  | Asia
Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Georgia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 12 March 1922 | 30 December 1922 | 293 days  | Asia
Nazi Germany |  National Socialist German Workers' Party | Nazism | 14 July 1933 | 23 May 1945 | 11 years, 313 days  | Europe
Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories |  National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands | Collaborationism, Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism and Nazism | 14 December 1941 | 6 May 1945 | 3 years, 143 days  | Europe
Ghana | Convention People's Party | Nkrumaism, African socialism, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 31 January 1964 | 24 February 1966 | 2 years, 24 days  | Africa
Grenada | New Jewel Movement | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 13 March 1979 | 25 October 1983 | 4 years, 226 days  | North America
Guatemala | Progressive Liberal Party | Ubicoism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Anti-communism | 1931  | 1944  |  | Central America
Guinea | Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, African socialism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1984  |  | Africa
Guinea-Bissau | African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1974  | 1991  |  | Africa
Haiti |  National Unity Party | Black nationalism, Haitian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Anti-Americanism | 14 June 1957 | 22 July 1985 | 28 years, 38 days  | North America
Hawaii | Reform Party | Americanisation, Annexationism | 4 July 1894 | 12 August 1898 | 4 years, 39 days  | North America
Government of National Unity |  Arrow Cross Party | Hungarism, Fascism, Collaborationism, Agrarianism | 16 October 1944 | 7 May 1945 | 203 days  | Europe
Hungary |  Hungarian Working People's Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism | 20 August 1949 | 31 October 1956 | 7 years, 72 days  | Europe
Hungary | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Kádárism | 31 October 1956 | 16 October 1989 | 32 years, 350 days  | Europe
Indonesia | Indonesian National Party | Nationalism, Marhaenism | 17 August 1945 | 3 November 1945 | 78 days  | Asia
Imperial State of Iran | Rastakhiz Party | Monarchism, Populism, Secularism, Democratic centralism, Third Position | 2 March 1975 | 1 November 1978 | 3 years, 244 days  | Asia
Iraq | Iraqi Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism | 14 July 1964 | 17 July 1968 | 4 years, 3 days  | Asia
Iraq |  Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party | Saddamist Ba'athism, Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, militarism | 17 July 1968 | 9 April 2003 | 34 years, 266 days  | Asia
Kingdom of Italy

* Libya

|  National Fascist Party

* Muslim Association of the Lictor

| Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism | 17 May 1928[45]

* 9 January 1939

| 27 July 1943 |  | Europe

* Africa

Italian Social Republic |  Republican Fascist Party | Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism, Antisemitism, Collaborationism | 13 September 1943 | 28 April 1945 |  | Europe
Ivory Coast | Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Conservatism, Populism, Houphouëtism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1990  |  | Africa
Empire of Japan | Imperial Rule Assistance Association | Shōwa statism | 1940  | 1945  |  | Asia
Philippine Executive Commission |  Association for Service to the New Philippines | Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism | 8 December 1942 | 14 October 1943 | 310 days  | Asia
Kampuchea |  Communist Party of Kampuchea | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Agrarianism, Autarky, Khmer nationalism, Ultranationalism | 17 April 1975 | 7 January 1979 | 2 years, 265 days
Kenya | Kenya African National Union | Kenyan nationalism, Conservatism | 1969 (de facto)
1982 (de jure)  | 1991  |  | Africa
Independent State of Croatia | Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement | Croatian irredentism, Croatian ultranationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Clerical fascism, Fascist corporatism, Political Catholicism, Anti-communism | 10 April 1941 | 8 May 1945 | 4 years, 28 days  | Europe
Latvia | Communist Party of Latvia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 17 December 1918 | 13 January 1920 | 1 year, 27 days  | Europe
Latvia | Communist Party of Latvia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 21 July 1940 | 5 August 1940 |  | Europe
Liberia | True Whig Party | Black conservatism, Centralization, Protectionism, Whiggism (until 1940s)  | 1878  | April 1980  |  | Africa
Libya | Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism | 1971  | 1977  |  | Africa
Lithuania–Byelorussia | Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 17 February 1919 | 17 July 1919 |  | Europe
Lithuania |  Lithuanian Nationalist Union | Lithuanian nationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Fascist corporatism, Anti-communism | 1926[46] | 1940  | 14 years  | Europe
Lithuania | Communist Party of Lithuania | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 21 July 1940 | 3 August 1940 |  | Europe
Democratic Republic of Madagascar | National Front for the Defense of the Revolution | Left-wing nationalism, Scientific socialism | 1976  | 1989  |  | Africa
Malawi | Malawi Congress Party | Ubuntu, Conservatism, African nationalism, Anti-colonialism | 1964  | 1993  |  | Africa
Mali | Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, African socialism | 1960  | 1968  |  | Africa
Mali | Democratic Union of the Malian People | African socialism, Democratic centralism | 1976  | 1991  |  | Africa
Manchukuo |  Concordia Association | Fascism, Monarchism, Manchurian nationalism, Pan-Asianism, Anti-communism, Personalism, collaborationism | 1 April 1932[47] | 1 May 1945[47] |  | Asia
Mauritania | Mauritanian People's Party | Nationalism, Centralism, Islamic socialism | 1961  | 1978  |  | Africa
Mexico | Institutional Revolutionary Party | Revolutionary nationalism, Big tent | 4 March 1929 | 2 July 2000 | 71 years, 120 days  | North America
Mongolia | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1921  | 29 July 1990 |  | Asia
Mozambique |  FRELIMO | Marxism–Leninism | 25 June 1975 | 1 December 1990 | 15 years, 159 days  | Africa
Niger | Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1974  |  | Africa
Niger | National Movement for the Development of Society | Conservatism | 1989  | 1991  |  | Africa
Vietnam (partially)  |  Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought | 2 September 1945 | 1946[citation needed] |  | Asia
North Vietnam | Workers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought | 1955  | 2 July 1976 |  | Asia
North Yemen |  General People's Congress | Yemeni nationalism, Arab nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Big tent | 1982  | 1988  |  | Asia
National Government |  National Rally | Fascism, Nazism, Fascist corporatism, Anti-communism, Collaborationism | 25 September 1940 | 8 May 1945 | 4 years, 225 days  | Europe
Ottoman Empire | Union and Progress Party[48] | İttihadism | 11 June 1913 | 1918  |  | Asia/Europe
Paraguay |  Colorado Party | Conservatism, national conservatism | 1947  | 1962  |  | South America
Persia | Communist Party of Persia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1920  | 1921  |  | Asia
Republic of the Philippines |  Association for Service to the New Philippines | Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism | 14 October 1943 | 17 August 1945 |  | Asia
Poland |  Polish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 5 February 1947 | July 1982 |  | Europe
Poland |  Polish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 1982 | 24 August 1989 |  | Europe
Portugal |  National Union | Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | 30 July 1930[49] | 8 October 1945[49] |  | Europe
Portugal |  National Union | Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | 31 January 1948[50] | September 1969[note 3] |  | Europe
Portugal |  People's National Action (formerly National Union)  | Corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | 1970 | 25 April 1974 |  | Europe
Romania |  National Renaissance Front | Big tent, Romanian nationalism, Monarchism | 16 December 1938 | 6 September 1940 |  | Europe
National Legionary State |  Iron Guard | Legionarism, clerical fascism, Christian nationalism | 6 September 1940 | 23 January 1941 |  | Europe
Romania |  Romanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 5 February 1948 | 1968  |  | Europe
Romania |  Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism | 1968  | 1980  |  | Europe
Romania |  Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism | 1980  | 29 December 1989 |  | Europe
Rwanda | Parmehutu | Hutu Power | 1965  | 1973  |  | Africa
Rwanda |  National Revolutionary Movement for Development | Hutu Power, Ultranationalism, Social conservatism, Anti-communism | 1978  | 1991  |  | Africa
San Marino | Sammarinese Fascist Party | Italian fascism, Corporatism | 1926  | 1943  |  | Europe
San Marino | Republican Fascist Party of San Marino  | Italian fascism | 1943  | 1944  |  | Europe
Senegal | Socialist Party of Senegal | African nationalism, African socialism | 1966  | 1974  |  | Africa
Seychelles | Seychelles People's Progressive Front | Communism, Marxism-Leninism | 1979  | 1991  |  | Africa
Sierra Leone | All People's Congress | African nationalism, Democratic socialism | 1978  | 1991  |  | Africa
Slovak Republic |  Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity | Clerical fascism, Slovak nationalism | 14 March 1939 | 8 May 1945 |  | Europe
Somalia | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party | Islamic socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Pan-Somalism

Scientific socialism, Somali nationalism

| July 1976 | 26 January 1991 |  | Africa
People's Republic of Southern Yemen |  National Liberation Front,

Yemeni Socialist Party

| Arab nationalism, Arab socialism | 30 November 1967 | 31 October 1978 |  | Asia
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen |  Yemeni Socialist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 31 October 1978 | 22 May 1990 |  | Asia
Democratic Republic of Yemen |  Yemeni Socialist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 21 May 1994 | 7 July 1994 |  | Asia
Estonia | Russian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 29 November 1918 | 5 June 1919 | 188 days  | Europe
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Russian Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 8 March 1918[51] | 30 December 1922 | 4 years, 297 days  | Europe/Asia
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 19 January 1918 | 8 March 1918[51] | 48 days  | Europe/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Russian Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 30 December 1922 | 31 December 1925[51] | 3 years, 1 day  | Europe/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | All-Union Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Stalinism | 31 December 1925[51] | 13 October 1952[51] | 26 years, 287 days  | Europe/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 13 October 1952[51] | 9 October 1990[52] | 37 years, 361 days  | Europe/Asia
Kingdom of Spain | Patriotic Union | Spanish nationalism, Political Catholicism, Monarchism, Conservatism | 1924  | 1930  |  | Europe
Spanish State |  FET y de las JONS | Francoism, Falangism, Spanish nationalism, traditionalism, National Catholicism, anti-liberalism, corporatism | 1 April 1939 | 6 July 1976[53] |  | Europe
Democratic Republic of the Sudan |  Sudanese Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Anti-communism | 1971  | 1985  |  | Africa
Sudan | National Congress Party | Islamism, Arab nationalism, Salafism, Social conservatism | 1989  | 2005  |  | Africa
Syrian Republic | Arab Liberation Movement | Pan-Arabism, Modernization, Pro-Western | 1953  | 1954  |  | Asia
Syrian Arab Republic |  Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)  | Neo-Ba'athism | 8 March 1963  | 27 February 2012[54][55]
8 December 2024 (de-facto) [note 4][56] |  | Asia
São Tomé and Príncipe | Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1975  | 1990  |  | Africa
Tanganyika |  Tanganyika African National Union | African nationalism, African socialism, Ujamaa | 1961  | 1977  |  | Africa
Tanzania | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Ujamaa, African socialism | 1977  | 1992  |  | Africa
Togo | Party of Togolese Unity | African nationalism | 1962  | 1963  |  | Africa
Togo | Rally of the Togolese People | African nationalism, Right-wing populism | 1969  | 1991  |  | Africa
Tunisia | Neo Destour | Tunisian nationalism, Bourguibism, Arab nationalism, secularism | 1963  | 1964  |  | Africa
Tunisia | Socialist Destourian Party | Tunisian nationalism, Secularism, Bourguibism | 1964  | 1981  |  | Africa
Turkey (one-party period)  |  Republican People's Party | Kemalism | 1923  | 1945  |  | Asia/Europe
Turkmenistan | Democratic Party of Turkmenistan | Turkmen nationalism, Secularism, Social conservatism, Catch-all party | 1992  | 2008  |  | Asia
Tuva |  Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 14 August 1921 | 11 October 1944 |  | Asia
Uganda |  Uganda People's Congress | Social democracy, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1969  | 1971  |  | Africa
Ukraine | Communist Party of Ukraine | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | 10 March 1919 | 30 December 1922 |  | Europe
United Arab Republic | National Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism | 1958  | 1961  |  | Africa
Upper Volta | Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1966  |  | Africa
Yugoslavia | Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy | Royalism, Yugoslav nationalism, Agrarianism, Centralism, Anti-liberalism | 1929  | 1931  |  | Europe
Yugoslavia |  League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia)  | Marxism–Leninism, Titoism, Yugoslavism | 29 November 1945 | 22 January 1990 |  | Europe
Zaire | Popular Movement of the Revolution | Mobutism, Zairean nationalism, Authenticité | 1970  | 1990  |  | Africa
Zambia |  United National Independence Party | African socialism, African nationalism | 1972  | 1990  |  | Africa
Zanzibar |  Afro-Shirazi Party | African nationalism, Marxism–Leninism | 1964  | 1977  |  | Africa

## See also

[edit]

* Dominant-party system
* Ban on factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* Multi-party system
* Outline of democracy
* Political factionalism
* Political organisation
* Two-party system
* Uniparty
* Landslide victory

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Previously known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 2 September 1945 to 25 April 1976.[19] Reunified with the Republic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[20][21]
2. ^ The Republic of China controlled the mainland from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administers the Free area. This government served China in the United Nations from 1945 to 1971. See Political status of Taiwan and the One-China policy for various viewpoints.
3. ^ Following the appointment of Marcelo Caetano as Prime Minister in 1968, the opposition was allowed to run to the 1969 Portuguese legislative election, before being banned.
4. ^ While the 2012 constitution introduced by Bashar al-Assad theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba'athist Syria remained a de-facto one-party state with an extensive secret police apparatus that curtails independent political activities.

## References

[edit]

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