Operation Prime Time

Television programming provider

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|

Operation Prime Time

Type| occasional television network
Country|

United States

Founded| 1976; 49 years ago (1976)
by Al Masini

Key people

| Al Masini

Launch date

| 1976; 49 years ago (1976)
Dissolved| 1987; 38 years ago (1987)

Operation Prime Time (OPT) was a consortium of American independent television stations to develop prime time programming for independent stations. OPT and its spin-off syndication company, Television Program Enterprises (TPE), were formed by Al Masini. During its existence, OPT was considered the de facto fourth television network.[1][2][3][4][5] OPT was also called an occasional television network[6][7] and occasional program alternative.[8]

OPT inspired syndication and network models that arose in later years, such as The Disney Afternoon, Prime Time Entertainment Network, The CW Plus, and MyNetworkTV.[citation needed]

## Operations

[edit]

Unlike the standard network advertising split, where the stations got the bulk of the ad time with the collective network only receiving one or two minutes of the dozen minutes available to sell, the OPT ad time would be sold at 1/3 of network rates or about $40,000 per half minute with the profits going back to the stations.[7]

## Background

[edit]

With primarily only Big Three television networks providing new programming to TV stations in the 1970s, the unaffiliated stations had little network level quality programming to offer to advertisers. Producers of TV programs were also looking for an alternative to the standard network set up that paid the producers about three fourths of the production costs thus the show would only make money for the production company if it made enough episodes to place into rerun syndication. Advertisers were looking for new advertising outlets due to rising network ad costs with a 30% increase in 1977. Networks' income increased 143% from 1969 to 1974 while network payments to affiliates decreased by 2%.[7]

## History

[edit]

Al Masini, who represented 18 stations for advertising sales through his company TeleRep, discussed the independent stations' problem with other independent stations after a broadcast media meeting in February 1976.[7] Determined to offer an alternative, Masini rounded up a steering committee to form the new venture. Initial members of the committee included Shelly Cooper, General Manager of WGN-TV[9] Chicago, Rich Frank of KCOP-TV Los Angeles,[7] and representatives of KTVU, WPIX and KSTW.[8] At the next broadcaster convention, the committee met to develop the details. The OPT committee then contacted Frank Price of Universal Television[10] for the first program. Price offered Taylor Caldwell's novel Testimony of Two Men as a miniseries with Universal taking on a fifth of the production cost.[7] The committee was initially able to get 22 independent and 53 network-affiliated stations to sign on to OPT.[8]

Advertisers like General Foods and Bristol-Myers abandoned the rival potential fourth network, Metromedia's MetroNet, for OPT, based on Metromedia's near Big 3 network cost per thousand viewers advertising cost and OPT reaching 80% of the country. Masini eventually lined up 93 stations, 73 of which were affiliates of ABC, NBC or CBS; of those affiliated with a network, these affiliates had to preempt part of their regular network prime time programming to make room for specials from OPT. KCOP's broadcast of Testimony of Two Men's first installment got a 16 rating and the second installment got an 18, well over their standard 4 rating, but in May, a traditional rerun period for the networks.[7]

Prime Time planned three book adaptions for their shows to air in May, July and November or December 1978 with two of them being John Jakes's The Bastard and The Rebels[11] leading the way for the rest of the book series that OPT optioned including two then currently being written. Martin Gosch's and Richard Hammer's The Last Testimony of Lucky Luciano was the third adaptation scheduled for 1978.[12]

The most successful miniseries from OPT was "A Woman Called Golda" It won multiple Emmy awards and was nominated for two Golden Globes.

The last time the Operation Prime Time name was used was at the end of 1986, when the Fox Broadcasting Company was barely on the air. At that point, it was just The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers; they didn't launch prime time programming until the spring of 1987. Ultimately, the arrival of Fox as well as original programming for cable networks and stations would eventually make the OPT business model obsolete.

## List of programs produced by OPT

[edit]

Its initial programs were miniseries including adaptations of Testimony of Two Men and Son of the Captains and the Kings, the sequel to the 1976 NBC miniseries Captains and the Kings, also adapted from a novel by Caldwell.[7] OPT also distributed the animated Christmas special Yogi's First Christmas.

The most successful program from both OPT and TPE was, and still is, Entertainment Tonight, now produced and distributed by CBS Media Ventures. Other programs included Solid Gold,[13] Star Search,[14][15] and Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous.[citation needed] It could be common place for OPT's weekly series to be divided between two network affiliates and run mainly on weekends in off hours. In a given market, the local CBS station might carry Entertainment Tonight (in the prime-access slot), Solid Gold, and Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous while the ABC affiliate had Star Search.

* Captains and the Kings (1976)[7]
* Testimony of Two Men (1977)[7][16]
* The Bastard[17][18] (1978)
* Evening in Byzantium[19][20][21] (1978)
* The Immigrants (1978)[22][23]
* The Rebels (1979)[24][25][26]
* The Seekers[27][28][29] (1979)
* Jack Frost (1979) (produced by Rankin/Bass Productions)
* Top of the Hill[30] (1980)
* Condominium[31][32][33] (1980)
* The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything[34][35] (1980)
* The Dream Merchants[36] (1980)
* Tourist (1980)
* Solid Gold[37][38][39] (1980–1988) (produced by Paramount Domestic Television)
* Mom, the Wolfman and Me[40][41] (1980)[citation needed]
* Yogi's First Christmas (1980) (produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions)
* Goliath Awaits[42][43][44] (1981)
* A Woman Called Golda[45][46][47][48][49][50] (1982)
* Sadat[51][52] (1983) (produced by Columbia Pictures Television)
* Blood Feud[53][54][55][56][57][58] (1983)
* Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues[59][60] (1984)
* The Jesse Owens Story[61][62][63] (1984)
* Solid Gold Hits (1984)
* A Woman of Substance[64][65][66][67] (1985)
* The Key to Rebecca[68][69][70][71] (1985)
* Jenny's War[72][73] (1985)
* Hold the Dream[74][75][76] (1986)

## Stations

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

City | Call sign  | Channel

|
|

Atlanta | WSB-TV | 2
WAGA-TV | 5
Baltimore | WBAL-TV | 11
Baton Rouge | WVLA-TV | 33
Birmingham | WBRC-TV | 6
Boston | WNAC-TV/

WNEV-TV

| 7
WLVI | 56
Charlotte | WBTV | 3
Chicago | WGN-TV | 9
Cincinnati | WKRC-TV | 12
Cleveland | WUAB | 43
Columbus | WTVN-TV | 6
Detroit | WKBD-TV | 50
Windsor / Detroit  | CBET-DT | 9
Dothan | WDHN | 18
El Dorado / Monroe | KTVE | 10
Fort Wayne | WKJG-TV | 33
Fort Worth | KTVT | 11
KTXA | 21
Greenville | WHNS | 21
Johnstown | WJAC-TV | 6
Kansas City | WDAF-TV | 4
KSHB-TV | 41
Lafayette | KADN-TV | 15
Lake Charles | KVHP | 29
Lansing | WILX-TV | 10
Lima | WLIO | 35
Los Angeles | KTLA | 5
KCOP-TV | 13
Miami | WCIX | 6
Milwaukee | WVTV | 18
New Orleans | WGNO | 26
New York | WPIX | 11
Oakland / San Francisco | KTVU | 2
Omaha | KETV | 7
Philadelphia | WTAF | 29
Pittsburgh | WPXI | 11
Portland, Maine | WCSH | 6
Portland, Oregon | KPTV | 12
Providence | WPRI-TV | 12
Roanoke | WDBJ | 7
Rochester | WUHF | 31
Rock Island / Quad Cities | WHBF-TV | 4
St. Petersburg / Tampa / Sarasota | WTOG | 44
Saint Paul / Minneapolis | KSTP-TV | 5
San Diego / Tijuana | XETV | 6
Schenectady / Albany | WRGB | 6
Seattle | KSTW | 11
Spokane | KREM | 2
KXLY-TV | 4
Springfield | WWLP | 22
St. Louis | KPLR-TV | 11
Toledo | WGTE-TV | 30
Washington, D.C. | WDCA | 20
Waterbury / Hartford / New Haven | WTXX-TV | 20

See also: Solid_Gold_(TV_series) § Local_syndication_listings

## See also

[edit]

* 1980s portal

* Fourth television network
* Mobil Showcase Network
* SFM Holiday Network
* Paramount Television Service

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Brown, Les (May 8, 1977). "Is a Fourth Network About to Hatch?". The New York Times.
2. ^ Vanocur, Sander (January 23, 1977). "The Fourth Network 'Revolution': Don't Hold Your Breath". The Washington Post.
3. ^ Bedell Smith, Sally (August 28, 1983). "IS IT TIME FOR A FOURTH TV NETWORK?". The New York Times.
4. ^ MarketWire via Yahoo! Finance, December 1, 2010
5. ^ Kanner, Bernice (June 17, 1985). New York Magazine. p. 19.
6. ^ Lowery, Brian (February 28, 2006). "For Fox, My Network es su network". Variety.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nadel, Gerry (1977-05-30). "Who Owns Prime Time? The Threat of the 'Occasional' Networks". New York Magazine. New York: 33–36. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
8. ^ a b c Sharbutt, Jay (March 9, 1977). "Lively Arts Operation Prime Time' Begins". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
9. ^ "WGN Presents". epguides.com.
10. ^ Television and Behavior: Technical reviews. 1982. p. 353.
11. ^ Hilmes, Michelle (1990). Hollywood and Broadcasting: From Radio to Cable. University of Illinois Press. p. 189\. ISBN 9780252068461.
12. ^ "Operation Prime Time sets three new shows" (PDF). Broadcasting. August 29, 1977. p. 20. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
13. ^ "Classic TV: Solid Gold (1980)". The Land of Whatever. March 23, 2018.
14. ^ "Burnett, career highpoint". Variety. January 25, 1993.
15. ^ Broughton, Irv (4 September 2001). Producers on Producing: The Making of Film and Television. McFarland. p. 290\. ISBN 9780786412075.
16. ^ O'Connor, John J. (May 9, 1977). "TV: Shaky 'Testimony of 2 Men'". The New York Times.
17. ^ O'Connor, John J. (May 23, 1978). "TV: 'The Bastard' Winds Up Tonight". The New York Times.
18. ^ Shales, Tom (May 21, 1978). "TV: 'The Bastard' Winds Up Tonight". The Washington Post.
19. ^ Roberts, Jerry (5 June 2009). Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors. Scarecrow Press. p. 346\. ISBN 9780810863781.
20. ^ Bawden, Miller, James, Ron (April 2016). Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era. ISBN 9780813167114.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
21. ^ Shepard, Richard F. (July 4, 1978). "'Marie Curie,' Irwin Shaw Novel And Miss Woodward Due on TV". The New York Times.
22. ^ Buck, Jerry (May 20, 1978). "John Jakes' 'The Bastard' is latest effort from Operation Prime Time". Eugene Register-Guard. AP. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
23. ^ O'Connor, John J. (December 31, 1978). "TV VIEW". The New York Times.
24. ^ "'Rebels' Continues Kent Family Saga". The Pittsburgh Press. May 13, 1979. p. TV5. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
25. ^ Wagner, Laura (12 August 2011). Anne Francis: The Life and Career. McFarland. p. 112\. ISBN 9780786486007.
26. ^ Jakes, John (10 July 2012). The Rebels. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781453255919.
27. ^ Brown, Les (November 24, 1979). "Ad Hoc TV Networks Planning Assaults on the 3 Majors". The New York Times.
28. ^ Shales, Tom (November 7, 1979). "Shameless "Seekers' A Capital 'B' Blunder". Washington Post.
29. ^ "Chicago WGN brings Operation Prime Time 21 Oct 79 Greenville News SC". Newspapers.
30. ^ Television Series and Specials Scripts, 1946-1992: A Catalog of the American. McFarland. 21 October 2009. p. 416\. ISBN 9780786454372.
31. ^ "TV Trivia: Condominium (1980)". Made for TV Mayhem. November 13, 2009.
32. ^ Hennessee, Judith Adler (December 9, 1979). "A New Look; for Local Independent Stations". The New York Times.
33. ^ "A "Condominium" Worth Its Market Value". Hill Place. May 11, 2013.
34. ^ Scott, Steve (January 29, 2010). "JDM on Television, Part 4". The Trap of Solid Gold.
35. ^ Mason, Todd (February 23, 2016). "Forgotten Films: The Girl, the Gold Watch and Everything (1980)". Sanford Allen.
36. ^ Shepard, Richard F. (January 9, 1979). "'Interrupt' Will Return To WNET". The New York Times.
37. ^ Denisoff, R. Serge (January 1986). Tarnished Gold: The Record Industry Revisted [i.e. Revisited]. Transaction Publishers. p. 343\. ISBN 9781412835565.
38. ^ Sharbutt, Jan (March 26, 1987). "HARMONY NETWORK ANNOUNCED". Los Angeles Times.
39. ^ Clark, Kenneth R. (August 4, 1985). "'LIFESTYLES' -- VOYEURISM FOR MIDDLE AMERICA". Chicago Tribune.
40. ^ WGN Channel 9 - "Mom, The Wolf Man and Me" (Promo #1, 1980) on YouTube
41. ^ "Mom, The Wolfman & Me (1980)". Made for TV Mayhem. January 5, 2010.
42. ^ Pohle Jr., Hart, Pohle Baldwin, Robert W., Douglas C., Rita (9 May 2017). The Christopher Lee Film Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 98\. ISBN 9780810892705.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
43. ^ Reyes, Amanda (5 April 2017). Are You In The House Alone?: A TV Movie Compendium 1964-1999. SCB Distributors. ISBN 9781909394452.
44. ^ "WITH "GOLIATH AWAITS" AND A SLEW OF TV SERIES AND FILMS, AL MASINI'S "OPERATION PRIME TIME" CHALLENGES THE (THEN) "BIG THREE" NETWORKS". "Vaulted Treasures" Film Blog. January 25, 2015.
45. ^ Harmetz, Aljean (February 15, 1984). "A COAST 'BAZAAR' OF PROGRAMS FOR TV SYNDICATION". The New York Times.
46. ^ Unger, Arthur (April 22, 1982). "Ingrid Bergman as Golda Meir: an indelible portrait". The Christian Science Monitor.
47. ^ Friedman, Jane (October 25, 1981). "INGRID BERGMAN PLAYS A PRIME MINISTER". The New York Times.
48. ^ Shales, Tom (May 3, 1982). "The Shining 'Golda'". The Washington Post.
49. ^ "Jewish Post, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 April 1982". April 16, 1982.
50. ^ Harmetz, Aljean (September 20, 1982). "INGRID BERGMAN WINS EMMMY FOR GOLDA MEIR ROLE". The New York Times.
51. ^ O'Connor, John J. (October 31, 1983). "TV: LOUIS GOSSETT JR. PORTRAYS SADAT". The New York Times.
52. ^ Fraser, C. Gerald (30 October 1983). "TELEVISION WEEK". The New York Times.
53. ^ Corry, John (April 25, 1983). "TV: HOFFA VS. KENNEDY, A 2-PART DRAMATIZATION". The New York Times.
54. ^ Corkery, Phil (May 9, 1983). "Robert Blake Still Mainly Battles Himself, but His Blood Feud Causes a Scrap". People.
55. ^ Shales, Tom (November 9, 1987). "'HOOVER VS. KENNEDYS' SLEAZY SOAP". The Washington Post.
56. ^ Taylor, Clarke (August 17, 1987). "EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIRS : MINISERIES ADDS FUEL TO KENNEDY, KING STORIES". Los Angeles Times.
57. ^ Kelley, Bill (March 5, 1985). "BLAKE BOUNCES BACK, AGAIN". Sun-Sentinel.
58. ^ Shales, Tom (May 11, 1983). "'Blood Feud': Jousting In Camelot". The Washington Post.
59. ^ O'Connor, John J. (April 26, 1984). "HELEN KELLER, THE MIRACLE CONTINUES". The New York Times.
60. ^ Brooks, Catherine (May 1, 1984). "Helen Keller … the Miracle Continues". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 78 (5): 222–224\. doi:10.1177/0145482X8407800509. S2CID 220594142.
61. ^ Farber, Stephen (June 26, 1984). "THE MAKING OF 'JESSE OWENS'". The New York Times.
62. ^ Murfin, Patrick (May 25, 2019). "Jesse Owens Smashed Records, Defied Expectations". Heretic, Rebel, a Thing to Flout.
63. ^ Competitive Implications of the Seven-station-rule Modification: Hearing ... 1985\. p. 18.
64. ^ O'Connor, John J. (November 26, 1984). "TV REVIEWS; 'WOMAN OF SUBSTANCE'". The New York Times.
65. ^ Carmody, John (August 6, 1985). "THE TV COLUMN". The Washington Post.
66. ^ Sharbut, Jay (September 23, 1985). "Cosby Show Wins Emmy for Best TV Comedy Series". Los Angeles Times.
67. ^ Margulies, Lee (August 5, 1985). "'MIAMI VICE' LEADS EMMY LIST WITH 15 CITATIONS". Los Angeles Times.
68. ^ Anderson, Jon (May 5, 1985). "FOLLETT'S 'REBECCA' TRANSLATES WELL AS SUSPENSEFUL TV". Chicago Tribune.
69. ^ Corey, Joe (February 22, 2019). "DVD Review: Ken Follett's The Key To Rebecca". Inside Pulse.
70. ^ PIX Promo: The Key to Rebecca (60 sec version - 1985) on YouTube
71. ^ "'THE KEY TO REBECCA' (1985): INTRIGUE, SUSPENSE & THREESOMES POWER INDIE SPY MINISERIES". Drunk TV. March 22, 2019.
72. ^ "Dyan Cannon takes on a true-life role..." Los Angeles Times. November 10, 1985.
73. ^ Buck, Jerry (October 26, 1985). "'Jenny's War' a challenge for actress". Desert Sun.
74. ^ "In "A Woman of Substance," Emma Harte..." Los Angeles Times. November 2, 1986.
75. ^ Kelley, Bill (September 14, 1986). "LOCAL STATIONS MIXING NEW, OLD". Sun-Sentinel.
76. ^ Mills, Bart (April 15, 1990). "RELATIONSHIPS GO TO 'HEART' OF WAGNER MINI". Chicago Tribune.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Operation Prime Time at Wikimedia Commons

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* Broadcast flag
* Channel protection ratios
* HDTV blur
* Hierarchical modulation
* Pirate decryption
* Standards conversion
* Video on demand

* v
* t
* e

Operation Prime Time

Series|

* Entertainment Tonight (1981)
* Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (1984)
* Solid Gold (1980)
* Star Search (1983)

Movies/mini-series|

* Captains and the Kings (1976)
* Testimony of Two Men (1977)
* The Bastard (1978)
* Evening in Byzantium (1978)
* The Immigrants (1978)
* The Rebels (1979)
* The Seekers (1979)
* Jack Frost (1979)
* Top of the Hill (1980)
* Condominium (1980)
* The Dream Merchants (1980)
* The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything (1980)
* Tourist (1980)
* Mom, the Wolfman and Me (1980)
* Yogi's First Christmas (1980)
* Goliath Awaits (1981)
* A Woman Called Golda (1982)
* Sadat (1983)
* Blood Feud (1983)
* Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues (1984)
* The Jesse Owens Story (1984)
* A Woman of Substance (1985)
* The Key to Rebecca (1985)
* Jenny's War (1985)
* Hold the Dream (1986)

Key affiliates|

* KCOP-TV (Los Angeles)
* KSTW (Tacoma)
* KTVU (Oakland)
* WPIX (New York)
* WGN-TV (Chicago)

Distributors|

* Columbia Pictures Television (list of series)
* Hanna-Barbera (list of works)
* Paramount Television (original) (list of series)
* Universal Television (list of shows)

Miscellaneous|

* Bristol-Myers
* Broadcast syndication
* Fourth television network
* General Foods
* Al Masini

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