Operation Whalers

2005 U.S. military operation during the War in Afghanistan

Operation Whalers

Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
| Date| August 13–18, 2005[1]

|

Location|

Kunar Province, Afghanistan[1]

Result|  U.S. operational victory[1]
Belligerents
United States|  Taliban insurgents[1]
Commanders and leaders
Lieutenant Colonel James E. Donnellan (USMC)[1]
Captain Kelly J. Grissom (USMC)[1]
2nd Lieutenant James "J.J." Konstant Jr. (USMC) [1]
2nd Lieutenant Stewart O. Geise (USMC)[1]
1st Lieutenant Ben M. Middendorf (USMC)|  Ahmad Shah
Units involved

2nd Battalion of the 3rd Marine Regiment (2/3)

* 2nd Platoon, Echo Company
* 3rd Platoon, Fox Company
* 1st Platoon, Fox Company
* scout/sniper team
* mortar SECTION
* 3rd Platoon, 212th Military Police Company

|  Unknown
Strength
60 Marines[1]|  40–60, distributed in groups throughout the battlespace[1]
Casualties and losses
1 killed
11 wounded|  40+ killed[2]
Ahmad Shah gravely wounded, his cell destroyed[1]

* v
* t
* e

War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

History

Timeline

* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021

Battles and operations

* v
* t
* e

Invasion

* Crescent Wind
* Rhino
* Mazar-i-Sharif
* Kunduz
* Herat
* Kabul
* Tarinkot
* Trent
* Kandahar
* Qala-i-Jangi
* Shawali Kowt
* Sayyd Alma Kalay
* Tora Bora

* v
* t
* e

Helmand Province campaign

* Lejay
* Eagle Fury
* Lashkar Gah
* Mountain Thrust
* 1st Sangin
* Mountain Fury
* Nawzad
* Achilles
* Musa Qala I
* Volcano
* Kryptonite
* Silver
* Pickaxe-Handle
* Hammer
* Nasrat
* Musa Qala II
* Garmsir
* Eagle's Summit
* Red Dagger
* Shahi Tandar
* Diesel
* Mar Lewe
* Panther's Claw
* Strike of the Sword
* Dahaneh
* Cobra's Anger
* Moshtarak
* Tor Shezada
* Battle of Sangin
* Camp Bastion
* January 2017 Lashkargah
* Sangin
* June 2017 Lashkargah
* Camp Shorabak
* Grishk

* v
* t
* e

Kandahar Province

* 2001 Kandahar bombing
* Fall of Kandahar
* Tarnak Farm
* Mongoose
* Medusa
* Avalanche
* Kaika
* Panjwaii
* Falcon Summit
* Hoover
* Luger
* Kamin
* Shah Wali Kot
* 2008 Kandahar
* Spin Boldak
* Sarposa
* Arghandab
* Wech Baghtu
* 2009 Kandahar
* Nadahan
* Hamkari
* Dragon Strike
* Baawar
* Battle of Kandahar
* Kandahar massacre
* 2017 Kandahar
* 2020 Kandahar

* v
* t
* e

Eastern Afghanistan

* Hazar Qadam
* Anaconda (Takur Ghar)
* Warrior Sweep
* Jacana
* Haven Denial
* Mountain Resolve
* Tar Heels
* Korangal valley (Red Wings)
* Jaji border incident
* Bagram (2007)
* South Korean hostages
* Nangar Khel
* Aranas
* Wanat
* Ebrahimkhel
* Alasay
* Bari Alai
* Ganjal
* Kamdesh
* Narang
* Khataba
* 2010 Badakhshan massacre
* Bad Pakh
* Bulldog Bite
* Barawala Kalay Valley
* Do Ab
* Asadabad
* Bagram (2014)
* Jalalabad (2015)
* Bagram (2015)
* Nangarhar
* Jalalabad (2016)
* Janikhel
* Bagram (2016)
* Mohmand Valley
* Tora Bora
* Jalalabad (January 2018)
* Jalalabad (July 2018)
* Jalalabad (September 2018)
* Charikar
* Jalalabad (2019)
* Bagram (2019)
* May 2020

* v
* t
* e

Kabul Province

* 2002
* 2008 Serena Hotel
* 2008 Indian embassy
* Uzbin
* 2009 raids
* NATO HQ
* 2009 Indian embassy
* Bakhtar
* January 2010
* February 2010
* May 2010
* 2011 Inter-Continental Hotel
* September 2011
* December 2011
* April 2012
* June 2013
* Palace
* January 2014
* 2014 Serena Hotel
* December 2014
* Park Palace
* Parliament
* 7 August 2015
* 10 August 2015
* 22 August 2015
* Spanish Embassy
* April 2016
* Canadian Embassy
* July 2016
* American University
* September 2016
* January 2017
* March 2017
* May 2017
* October 2017 mosque
* 28 December 2017
* 2018 Inter-Continental Hotel
* Ambulance
* March 2018
* 22 April 2018
* 30 April 2018
* September 2018
* 2019 mosque
* 1 July 2019
* 28 July 2019
* 7 August 2019
* 17 August 2019
* 2 and 5 September 2019
* 17 September 2019
* 6 March 2020
* Gurdwara
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* University
* December 2020
* 2021 school
* Fall of Kabul (2021)
* 2021 hospital

* v
* t
* e

Kunduz Province

* Airlift
* Siege
* Harekate Yolo
* Karez
* Oqab
* 2009 airstrike
* Sahda Ehlm
* Gala-e Gorg
* Halmazag
* 2015 battle
* Hospital airstrike
* Hostage crisis
* 2016 battle
* Boz Qandahari
* Kunduz madrassa
* 2020

Major operations

* Mountain Viper
* Asbury Park
* Perth
* Chora
* Firebase Anaconda
* Shewan
* Balamorghab
* Sabzak
* Derapet
* Doan
* Kunduz (2015)
* Omari
* Tarinkot
* Kunduz (2016)
* Boz Qandahari
* Darzab (2017)
* Farah
* Darzab (2018)
* Kunar (2019–2020)
* Ghazni
* 2021 Taliban offensive
* Zaranj
* Kunduz
* Herat
* Kandahar
* Lashkargah
* Kabul

Airstrikes

* Sayyd Alma Kalay
* Uruzgan wedding
* Hyderabad
* Gora Prai
* Haska Meyna/Deh Bala
* Azizabad
* Wech Baghtu
* Granai
* Kunduz (2009)
* Uruzgan helicopter
* Sangin (2010)
* Mano Gai
* Baraki Barak
* Kapisa
* Kunar
* Kunduz hospital
* Sangin (2017)
* Nangarhar
* Kunduz madrassa

Major insurgent attacks
2002

* Kabul

2007

* Bagram
* S Korean hostage
* Baghlan

2008

* Kandahar
* Spin Boldak
* Khost
* Kabul Indian embassy
* Kabul hotel

2009

* Kabul raids
* Kabul NATO
* Kandahar
* Kabul Indian embassy
* Kabul UN guesthouse
* Camp Chapman

2010

* Kabul (Jan)
* Kabul (Feb)
* Kabul (May)
* Nadahan

2011

* Logar
* Kabul hotel
* Nimruz
* Zabul
* Kabul (Sep)
* Kabul & Mazar-e-Sharif

2012

* Raids
* Camp Bastion
* FOB Salerno Attack

2013

* Farah
* Kabul court
* Kabul palace
* Jalalabad
* Herat

2014

* Kabul restaurant
* Kabul hotel
* Herat Indian consulate
* Bagram
* 1st Paktika
* 2nd Paktika
* Kabul school

2015

* Jalalabad
* Kabul hotel
* Kabul Parliament
* Khost
* Kabul police
* Kabul Airport
* Kabul NATO
* Ghazni
* Kandahar
* Kabul Spanish embassy
* Bagram

2016

* Jalalabad
* Kabul NDS
* Kunduz-Takhar highway
* Kabul Canadian embassy
* Wardak
* Kabul Hazara protest
* Kabul University
* Kabul Defense Ministry
* Mazar-i-Sharif
* Bagram

2017

* Bombings (Jan)
* Kabul hospital
* Camp Shaheen
* Kabul (May)
* Herat (Jun)
* June Lashkargah
* Herat (Aug)
* Gardez & Ghazni
* Kabul & Ghor
* Kabul Shi'ite

2018

* Kabul hotel
* Jalalabad (Save the Children)
* Kabul ambulance
* Kabul (Mar)
* Kabul (22 Apr)
* Kabul (30 Apr)
* Jalalabad (Jul)
* Baghlan
* Kabul (Sep)
* Jalalabad (Sep)

2019

* Maidan Shar
* Camp Shorabak
* Kabul mosque
* Kabul Defense Ministry
* Ghazni
* Kabul office
* Farah
* Kabul police
* Kabul wedding
* Kabul (Sep)
* Charikar & Kabul
* Qalat
* Jalalabad
* Haska Meyna
* Bagram

2020

* Kabul (6 Mar)
* Kabul gurdwara
* May
* June
* July
* August
* Jalalabad
* September
* October
* November
* Kabul University
* December

2021

* Jan-Aug
* Kabul school
* Spin Boldak

Massacres

* Dasht-i-Leili
* Shinwar
* Nangar
* Narang
* Maywand
* Khataba
* Badakhshan
* Kandahar
* FOB Delhi

Other

* U.S. urination incident
* Quran burning protests
* Insurgents' bodies
* U.S.–Afghan agreement
* US–Taliban peace deal
* U.S. withdrawal
* 2011–2016
* 2020–2021
* Peace process
* 2021 Kabul airlift

Operation Whalers was a United States Marine Corps military operation that took place in Afghanistan's Kunar Province, between August 13 and August 18, 2005, just weeks after the disastrous Operation Red Wings. Like Operation Red Wings, the objective of Operation Whalers was the disruption of Anti-Coalition Militia (ACM) activity in the region in support of further stabilizing the region for unencumbered voter turnout for the September 18, 2005 Afghan national parliamentary elections.

Operation Whalers was planned and executed by the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Marine Regiment (2/3). The emphasis of the operation was an Anti-Coalition Militia cell led by Ahmad Shah, which was one of 22 identified ACM groups operating in the region at that time and was the most active. Ahmad Shah's cell was responsible for the Navy SEAL ambush and subsequent MH-47 shootdown that killed, in total, 19 U.S. special operations personnel during Operation Red Wings. Operation Whalers, named after the Hartford / New England Whalers professional hockey team, was the "sequel" to Operation Red Wings in that it was aimed at furthering stabilization of the security situation in the restive Kunar Province of Eastern Afghanistan, a long-term goal of American and coalition forces operating in the area at that time.

Operation Whalers, conducted by a number of Marine infantry companies of 2/3 with attached Afghan National Army soldiers and supported by conventional Army aviation, intelligence, and combat arms forces units and U.S. Air Force aviation assets, proved a success. Anti-Coalition Militia activity dropped substantially and subsequent human intelligence and signals intelligence revealed that Ahmad Shah had been seriously wounded. Shah, who sought to disrupt the September 18, 2005 Afghan national parliamentary elections, was not able to undertake any significant Anti-Coalition operations subsequent to Operation Whalers in Kunar or neighboring provinces.[1][3]

## Background and planning of Operation Whalers[edit]

In the wake of the SEAL ambush and helicopter shootdown of Operation Red Wings, Ahmad Shah fled into Pakistan, likely to the Shamshatoo Refugee Camp in the vicinity of Peshawar, Pakistan. During the ambush of the SEALs in Operation Red Wings, two of Shah's men videotaped the firefight and aftermath. Shah subsequently produced a video, distributed by As-Sahab Media, that showed portions of the firefight as well as Michael P. Murphy's and Danny Dietz's deceased bodies, equipment and materials captured from the SEALs, including SOPMOD M4 Carbines fitted with M203 40mm grenade launchers, night vision equipment, a ruggedized laptop with an intact hard drive containing maps of embassies in Kabul, other sensitive information, and a sniper spotting scope, among other items. Due to the global media attention focused on the Red Wings ambush and helicopter shootdown, Ahmad Shah saw his ranks swell, and he planned renewed operations against United States, Coalition, and Government of Afghanistan entities in Afghanistan's Kunar Province. One of these attacks proved successful, a July 24, 2005 improvised explosive device attack against a U.S. Marine Corps convoy that carried 2/3's battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel James Donnellan. A video made by Shah of this attack included footage shot through a sniper spotting scope, likely the scope taken from the SEALs in Red Wings, which was used to time the improvised explosive device attack.[1][4][5]

2/3 processed intelligence that Shah would be returning to the Korangal Valley in the Pech District of the Kunar Province in August, after coalition forces troops left the area at the end of Operation Red Wings II. The battalion developed an operation that sought to "force to contact" Shah in the upper Korangal Valley by inserting troops into surrounding valleys in successive order. With troops forming blocking positions in all valleys, including the Narang and the Chowkay, which intelligence revealed Shah had used in the past to escape into Pakistan, the battalion sought to trap Shah.[6]

## Battles in Chowkay Valley and Korangal Valley[edit]

The battalion inserted companies of Marines into the Korangal Valley, the Shuryek Valley, the Chowkay Valley, and the Narang Valley, in successive order. While the initial plan assumed that contact between Shah's men and the Marines would occur in the upper Korangal Valley (as the Marines surmised that as Shah discovered that all escape routes were blocked, he'd return to his most familiar ground, the Korangal Valley), contact actually occurred in the Chowkay Valley, primarily with 3rd Platoon, Company F, 2/3 (Fox 2/3). Over the course of a number of days, Shah and his men engaged the Marines in the upper Chowkay Valley in a number of intense firefights. Other engagements occurred in the Korangal Valley and some in the Narang Valley.[1][7]

## Outcome[edit]

Whalers ended as a decisive victory for American and Coalition forces against Anti-Coalition Militia in the region, with Shah's cell destroyed, Shah seriously injured, and Shah and his men forced to retreat into Pakistan. The September 18, 2005 Afghan National Parliamentary Elections proceeded relatively unencumbered, the culmination of a number of operations by U.S. forces in the region at that time.[1][8][9] More than 40 suspected militants were killed in Kunar Province during the operation.[2]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Darack, Ed (2010). Victory Point: Operations Red Wings and Whalers - The Marine Corps' Battle for Freedom in Afghanistan. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-425-23259-0.
2. ^ a b Esterbrook, John (August 22, 2005), U.S.: 40 Afghan Rebels Killed, CBS News, retrieved 2018-01-22
3. ^ BBC (August 22, 2005), Afghan Raids 'kill 100 militants', news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 2012-02-08
4. ^ Darack, Ed (January 2011), "Operation Red Wings: What Really Happened?", Marine Corps Gazette: 62–65, archived from the original on January 19, 2011, retrieved 2011-06-13
5. ^ Darack, Ed, Side by side view of aftermath of July 24, 2005 IED strike by Ahmad Shah against U.S. Marines on Pech River Road in Afghanistan's Kunar Province, Darack.com/sawtalosar, retrieved 2012-02-08
6. ^ Scott, Lieutenant Colonel Robert R. (2008), "A Battalion's Employment of The Elements of National Power" (PDF), Small Wars Journal, retrieved 2012-02-08
7. ^ Mraz, Steve (September 28, 2005), Marine Commandant Awards Ten Purple Hearts in Afghanistan, Stars and Stripes, retrieved 2012-02-08
8. ^ Mraz, Steve (April 13, 2009), Book Brings Afghan Operations to Life, Stars and Stripes, retrieved 2012-02-08
9. ^ Mraz, Steve (September 20, 2005), Elections Make Some Afghans 'Very Happy', Stars and Stripes, retrieved 2012-02-08

## Bibliography[edit]

* Darack, Ed (2009). Victory Point: Operations Red Wings and Whalers – The Marine Corps' Battle for Freedom in Afghanistan. Berkley Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-425-22619-3.

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Military operations in the War in Afghanistan

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Operations|

| 2001|

* Operation Enduring Freedom
* Operation Relentless Strike
* Operation Rhino
* Operation Slipper
* Operation Accius
* Operation Apollo
* Operation Veritas
* Operation Crescent Wind
* Operation Jacana
* Operation Snipe

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2002|

* Operation Anaconda
* Operation Herrick
* Operation Anaconda
* Operation Harpoon
* Operation Glock
* Operation Polar Harpoon
* Operation Jacana
* Operation Ptarmigan
* Operation Snipe
* Operation Condor
* Operation Buzzard
* Operation Mountain Lion
* Operation Fingal
* Operation Mountain Sweep

2003|

* Operation Avalanche
* Operation Mountain Viper
* Operation Mountain Resolve
* Operation Tsunami
* Operation Eagle Fury
* Operation Warrior Sweep
* Operation Apollo
* Operation Athena
* Operation Haven Denial
* Operation Headstrong

2004|

* Operation Asbury Park
* Operation Asbury Park II
* Operation Dragon Tree
* Operation Flashman
* Operation Headstrong
* Operation Lightning Resolve
* Operation Mountain Blizzard
* Operation Mountain Storm

2005|

* Operation Archer
* Operation Argus
* Operation Spurs
* Operation Mavericks
* Operation Celtics
* Operation Red Wings
* Operation Red Wings II
* Operation Whalers
* Operation Tar Heels
* Operation Diablo Reach Back
* Operation Neptune
* Operation Pil
* Operation Pizmah
* Operation Sleigh Ride
* Operation Vigilance

2006|

* Operation Mountain Thrust
* Operation Medusa
* Operation Kaika
* Operation Perth
* Operation Mountain Fury
* Operation Falcon Summit
* Operation Counterstrike
* Operation Lions Pride
* Operation Mountain Lion
* Operation Wyconda Pincer

2007|

* Operation Achilles
* Operation Hammer
* Operation Harekate Yolo
* Operation Luger
* Operation Rock Avalanche
* Operation Silver
* Operation Pickaxe-Handle
* Operation Kryptonite
* Operation Hoover
* Operation Mountain Fury
* Operation Volcano
* Operation Nasrat
* Operation Falcon Summit
* Operation Kamin
* Operation Diablo Dragnet
* Operation Palk Mesher
* Operation Silicon
* Operation Silver

2008|

* Operation Eagle's Summit
* Operation Red Dagger
* Operation Karez

2009|

* Operation Shahi Tandar
* Operation Diesel
* Operation Panther's Claw
* Operation Oqab
* Operation Strike of the Sword
* Operation Cobra's Anger
* Operation Septentrion
* Operation Mar Lewe

2010|

* Operation Dragon Strike
* Operation Moshtarak
* Operation New Dawn
* Operation Tor Shezada
* Operation Baawar
* Operation Bulldog Bite
* Operation New Dawn

2011–2021|

* 2011
* Operation Hammer Down
* 2014
* Operation Baawar
* 2015
* Operation Toral
* 2016
* Operation Omari

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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Overview|

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Casualties
and losses|

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Timeline|

| 2001|

* Bombing of Kandahar
* Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif
* Siege of Kunduz
* Herat uprising
* Fall of Kabul
* Battle of Tarinkot
* Fall of Kandahar
* Battle of Qala-i-Jangi
* Dasht-i-Leili massacre
* Battle of Shawali Kowt
* Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay
* Battle of Tora Bora

|

2002
–2006|

* 2002
* Guantanamo Bay
* Uruzgan bombing
* Kabul bombing
* 2003
* Pakistan Embassy in Kabul attack
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006

2007|

* Shinwar shooting
* Hyderabad airstrike
* Nangar Khel incident
* Helmand airstrikes
* Baghlan bombing
* Bagram bombing
* South Korean hostage crisis

2008|

* Haska Meyna airstrike
* Azizabad airstrike
* Wech Bagtu airstrike
* Kabul Indian embassy bombing
* Kabul S Hotel attack
* Kidnapping of David Rohde
* Sarposa attack
* Kandahar bombing
* Spin Boldak bombing

2009|

* Granai airstrike
* Kunduz airstrike
* Narang raid
* February Kabul raids
* Kabul Indian embassy bombing
* Kandahar bombing
* NATO HQ bombing
* Camp Chapman attack
* Battle of Sabzak

2010|

* January Kabul attack
* Raid on Khataba
* February Kabul attack
* Uruzgan attack
* Sangin airstrike
* Maywand murders
* Tarok Kolache
* Nadahan bombing
* May Kabul bombing
* Badakhshan massacre
* Operation Halmazag

2011|

* Mano Gai airstrike
* Sarposa prison escape
* Bin Laden raid
* Logar bombing
* I-C Hotel Kabul attack
* Nimruz bombing
* Zabul bombing
* Chinook shootdown
* Helmand killing
* Pakistani border attack
* Ashura bombings

2012|

* Order of battle
* Urination video
* Kapisa airstrike
* Quran burning protests
* April attacks
* Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre
* Kandahar massacre
* September Camp Bastion raid
* Shesh Aba raid
* Body pictures

2013|

* Farah attack
* June Kabul bombings
* Presidential palace attack
* Herat U.S. consulate attack
* Jalalabad Indian consulate bombing

2014|

* Kabul S Hotel attack
* Herat Indian consulate attack
* Bagram bombing
* Paktika bombing
* Yahyakhel bombing
* December Kabul bombings
* Atiqullah Raufi assassination

2015|

* Park Palace attack
* Kabul Parliament attack
* Khost bombing
* April Jalalabad bombing
* 7 August Kabul attacks
* 10 August Kabul bombing
* 22 August Kabul bombing
* Ghazni prison escape
* Battle of Kunduz
* Hospital airstrike
* Kandahar Airport bombing
* Kabul Spanish Embassy attack
* Bagram bombing

2016|

* Nangarhar offensive
* Operation Omari
* April Kabul attack
* Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis
* Kabul Canadian Embassy convoy bombing
* 30 June bombings
* July Kabul bombing
* Janikhel offensive
* AUoA attack
* September Kabul attacks
* Battle of Tarinkot
* Battle of Kunduz
* Battle of Boz Qandahari
* Mazar-i-Sharif German consulate bombing
* Bagram bombing

2017|

* January bombings
* Sangin airstrike
* March Kabul attack
* Nangarhar airstrike
* Camp Shaheen attack
* May Kabul bombing
* June Herat bombing
* Battle of Bora Bora
* June Lashkargar bombing
* August Herat attack
* 17 October attacks
* 20 October attacks
* 28 December Kabul bombing

2018|

* I-C Hotel Kabul attack
* STC Jalalabad attack
* Kabul ambulance bombing
* March Kabul bombing
* Kunduz madrassa attack
* 22 April Kabul bombing
* 30 April Kabul bombings
* Battle of Farah
* July Jalalabad bombing
* Battle of Darzab
* Ghazni offensive
* September Jalalabad bombing

2019|

* Maidan Shar attack
* Camp Shorabak attack
* 2019 Kabul mosque bombing
* 1 July Kabul attack
* Ghazni bombing
* 28 July Kabul bombing
* July Farah bombing
* 7 August Kabul bombing
* 17 August Kabul bombing
* 2 & 5 September Kabul bombings
* 17 September bombings
* Qalat bombing
* Jalalabad suicide bombing
* Haska Meyna mosque bombing
* Bagram attack

2020|

* 6 March Kabul shooting
* Kabul gurdwara attack
* May attacks
* June attacks
* July attacks
* August attacks
* Jalalabad prison
* September attacks
* October attacks
* November attacks
* Kabul University attack
* December attacks

2021|

* Attacks
* Taliban offensive
* Kabul school bombing
* Battle of Kandahar
* Fall of Herat
* Battle of Lashkargah
* Capture of Zaranj
* Fall of Kabul
* Kunduz mosque bombing
* Kandahar bombing
* 2021 Kabul Airlift
* Operation Allies Refuge
* Operation Pitting
* Operation Devi Shakti
* Kabul airport attack
* August 29 drone strike

Aftermath|

* Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
* Republican insurgency
* Islamic State–Taliban conflict

War crimes|

* ICC investigation
* Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission
* UK Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry
* Australian Brereton Inquiry
* War crimes by the Taliban
* Kunduz hospital airstrike
* Kandahar massacre
* Torture
* Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
* Salt Pit

Peace
process|

* Afghan peace process
* Afghan peace groups
* Tabassum movement
* Enlightenment Movement
* Uprising for Change
* People's Peace Movement
* 2021–2022 Afghan protests

Reactions|

* Afghan War documents leak
* International public opinion
* Opposition
* Protests
* To the fall of Kabul

Memorials|

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