Orca (1977 film)

1977 American thriller film by Michael Anderson

Orca: The Killer Whale

Theatrical release poster by John Berkey[1]

Directed by| Michael Anderson
Written by|

* Luciano Vincenzoni
* Sergio Donati

Produced by| Luciano Vincenzoni
Starring|

* Richard Harris
* Charlotte Rampling
* Will Sampson
* Bo Derek
* Keenan Wynn
* Robert Carradine

Cinematography| Ted Moore
Edited by|

* John Bloom
* Marion Rothman
* Ralph E. Winters

Music by| Ennio Morricone

Production
company

Famous Films Productions[2][3]

Distributed by| Paramount Pictures[2]

Release date

* July 22, 1977 (1977-07-22)

Running time

| 92 minutes[2]
Country| United States[2][3]
Language| English[2]
Budget| $6 million[4] or $17.5 million[5]
Box office| $14.7 million[6]

Orca (also known as Orca: The Killer Whale) is a 1977 American thriller film directed by Michael Anderson, from a screenplay by Luciano Vincenzoni and Sergio Donati, and starring Richard Harris, Charlotte Rampling, Will Sampson, Bo Derek, Keenan Wynn and Robert Carradine. The film follows a male orca tracking down and getting revenge on a fishing boat and its captain for killing the whale's pregnant mate and their unborn calf.

Executive producer Dino De Laurentiis commissioned the project to cash-in on the blockbuster success of Jaws. Filming took place in Newfoundland and Labrador and Malta, with many of the orca scenes shot at the Marineland of the Pacific and the Marine World theme parks.[7]

Upon release, the film was a minor box office success,[8] but received mostly unfavorable reception from critics and audiences alike due to its similarities to Jaws, released two years prior.

## Plot

[edit]

Nolan is an Irish Canadian fisherman living in Newfoundland, who catches marine animals in order to pay the mortgage on his boat, Bumpo, and eventually return to Ireland. Nolan's crew is looking for a great white shark on behalf of a local aquarium, but the shark targets the aquarium's representative, Ken. An orca intervenes and kills the shark, saving Ken's life.

This switches Nolan's target to the much more valuable orca. He attempts to harpoon the creature but accidentally strikes a female orca instead, leaving her with a fatal wound. Nolan and his crew get the orca on board, where she subsequently miscarries. The captain hoses the dead fetus overboard as the female’s mate looks on, screaming in anguish.

The enraged male tries to ram Bumpo. Nolan's first mate, Novak, cuts the dead female loose to distract their attacker, but the orca jumps the boat and takes him with it under the ocean. The following day, the orca pushes his dead mate onto the shore. Nolan agrees to kill the male, as the presence of an angry orca is causing the fish that are vital to the village's economy to migrate. The orca continues its vengeance by sinking several fishing boats and rupturing underwater oil pipes that deprive the villagers of fuel.

Rachel Bedford, a colleague of Ken and an experienced cetologist, shows Nolan how similar orcas are to humans. He confesses that he empathizes with the orca, as his own wife and unborn child were killed in a car crash caused by a drunk driver. Nolan promises Bedford that he will not fight the orca, but that night it attacks his home, resulting in crewmember Annie losing her left leg. After seeing her in the hospital, Nolan recruits his only other remaining crewman, Paul, along with Ken, Branford, and Jacob Umilak, a Mi'kmaq hunter, to pursue the orca.

The crew follows the orca after he signals Nolan to follow him. Ken (who was saved by the orca at the beginning of the film) is leaning over the side when the orca surfaces and grabs him, killing him. They follow the orca until they reach the Strait of Belle Isle, but when Paul loses his nerve and tries to flee in the lifeboat, the orca smashes it and he drowns. The next day, the orca maneuvers Nolan to collide with an iceberg. The captain harpoons the whale just as he and Bedford escape from the sinking Bumpo, but Umilak is crushed beneath an avalanche of ice after sending an SOS.

Nolan and Bedford hide on an iceberg, although Nolan slips onto another one to separate them and potentially save her life. The orca jumps onto the ice, causing it to tilt and sending Nolan into the water before catching him with its tail and hurling him to his death against the ice. With his revenge complete, the orca swims southward under the ice leaving his fate unknown, while a helicopter is seen coming to rescue Bedford.

## Cast

[edit]

* Richard Harris as Captain Nolan
* Charlotte Rampling as Rachel Bedford
* Will Sampson as Jacob Umilak
* Bo Derek as Annie
* Keenan Wynn as Gus Novak
* Robert Carradine as Ken
* Peter Hooten as Paul
* Scott Walker as Al Swain
* Wayne Heffley as Priest
* Don "Red" Barry as Dockworker

## Production

[edit]

### Writing

[edit]

Writer-producer Luciano Vincenzoni was first assigned to give the film a head start after being called by Dino de Laurentiis in the middle of the night in 1975. Upon admitting that he had watched the film Jaws, Vincenzoni was instructed by de Laurentiis to "find a fish tougher and more terrible than the great white". Having had little interest in sea life beforehand, Vincenzoni was directed to killer whales by his brother Adriano, who had a personal interest in zoology.[7] This was Vincenzoni's only film as a producer, as he was mainly a screenwriter.

Because neither Vincenzoni nor his co-writer Sergio Donati were native English speakers, Robert Towne was hired as an uncredited script doctor to touch up dialogue.[9][10]

### Filming

[edit]

Location filming took place in the town of Petty Harbour, about 20 kilometres south of St. John's.[11] The scenery meant to represent a remote polar region of Labrador was fabricated in Malta by designer Mario Garbuglia.[7]

According to Vincenzoni, Richard Harris had begun to drink heavily on set after reading a tabloid magazine and seeing a photograph of his wife Ann Turkel on a beach with a younger man. He reportedly intended to stop performing and fly to Malibu in order to kill them, relenting only after getting into a brawl which resulted in Vincenzoni getting a black eye.[7] The 46-year-old Harris insisted on performing his own stunts in the polar sequences and was nearly killed on several occasions.[4]

The underwater photography was supervised by J. Barry Herron, credited with "special photography contributions."[2]

### Orcas

[edit]

The main orcas used for filming, called Yaka and Nepo, were trained animals from Marineland of the Pacific and Marine World Africa (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom), though artificial rubber whales were also used. These models were so lifelike that several animal rights activists blocked the trucks transporting them, confusing them for real orcas. The shark used early in the film was captured by noted shark hunter Ron Taylor.

## Home media

[edit]

In 2004, Paramount Home Entertainment released Orca on Region A DVD. In 2017, Umbrella Entertainment released Orca on Region B Blu-ray with a new 4-minute interview with Martha De Laurentiis.[12] On June 30, 2020, Scream Factory released Orca on Region A Blu-ray with an improved video transfer.[13]

## Reception

[edit]

The film grossed $3.5 million from 775 theatres in its opening weekend[14] and went on to gross $14,717,854 in the United States and Canada.[6]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 9% based on 35 reviews and an average rating of 3.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Content to regurgitate bits of better horror movies, Orca: The Killer Whale is a soggy shark thriller with frustratingly little bite."[15] A contemporary review published by Variety called the film "man-vs-beast nonsense", and lamented that "fine special effects and underwater camera work are plowed under in dumb story-telling."[16] Richard Schickel of Time wrote that the filmmakers behind Orca "thumbed heavily through the literature of the sea in their search for dramatic cliches", and called the film "inept" and "suspenselessly shot".[17] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post criticized the film's special effects and referred to it as "essentially a rehash of an earlier De Laurentiis hit, Death Wish, with the killer whale in Charles Bronson role."[18]

Orca has been unfavorably compared to Jaws. Both Schickel and Arnold drew comparisons between the films, and Bob Thomas of the Associated Press called it "just another attempt to copy Jaws".[19] Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader called the film an "incoherent blend of Moby-Dick, King Kong, and Jaws, hindered by what appears to be extensive reediting".[20] However, Richard Harris enjoyed his experiences during filming and took offence at comparisons between Orca and Jaws.[4]

## Scrapped sequel

[edit]

There was gonna be be an sequel titled "King Kong vs. Orca" where Orca would have battled King Kong but was replaced with King Kong Lives [citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

* List of American films of 1977
* List of natural horror films
* Namu, the Killer Whale, a 1966 movie about an Orca who was studied by a marine biologist in a small fishing village after the death of its mate in an effort to understand it.
* The Day of the Dolphin

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Orca Movie Poster". IMP Awards. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
2. ^ a b c d e f "Orca (1977)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
3. ^ a b "Orca... Killer Whale (1977)". BFI Collections. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
4. ^ a b c Callan, Michael Feeney (2003). Richard Harris: Sex, Death & the Movies. Robson Books. ISBN 978-1861056511.
5. ^ De Laurentiis Producer's Picture Darkens: [Home Edition] Knoedelseder, William K, Jr. Los Angeles Times 30 Aug 1987: 1.
6. ^ a b "Orca". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
7. ^ a b c d Vincenzoni, Luciano (2005). Pane e cinema: il racconto di una vita straordinaria consacrata al mondo del cinema (in Italian). Gremese Editore. ISBN 978-8884403919.
8. ^ Dornellas, Jonathan (March 9, 2010). "Remembering the Horror of Orca, The Killer Whale!". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
9. ^ Bart, Erik Pedersen,Peter (July 2, 2024). "Robert Towne Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Chinatown' Screenwriter Who Also Penned 'Shampoo', 'The Last Detail' & 'Days Of Thunder' Was 89". Deadline. Retrieved August 24, 2024.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
10. ^ Vellum, Manor (November 18, 2023). "The Deep Guts: Diving into Orca". Medium. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
11. ^ Freitag & Loiselle 2015, p. 154.
12. ^ read, Michael Tatlock·Blu-Ray ReviewHorrorMovie ReviewUmbrella Entertainment ReviewWhen Nature Attacks·4 min (January 18, 2018). "Orca Blu-ray Review (Umbrella Entertainment)". Cultsploitation. Retrieved July 9, 2020.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
13. ^ read, Ryne Barber·HorrorScreenshot Comparisons·1 min (July 4, 2020). "Screenshot Comparisons: Orca Blu-ray | Umbrella Entertainment vs Scream Factory". Cultsploitation. Retrieved July 9, 2020.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
14. ^ "A Whale of a Weekend! A Killer Gross". Variety. July 20, 1977. p. 16.
15. ^ "Orca - The Killer Whale (1977)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
16. ^ "Orca". Variety. December 31, 1976. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
17. ^ Schickel, Richard (August 8, 1977). "Cinema: The Shallows". Time. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
18. ^ Arnold, Gary (July 21, 1977). "'Orca': A Monstrous Vinyl Bust". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
19. ^ Thomas, Bob (July 24, 1977). "'Orca' is just another attempt to copy 'Jaws'". The San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
20. ^ Kehr, Dave (June 15, 2007). "Orca". Chicago Reader. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

## Works cited

[edit]

* Freitag, Gina; Loiselle, André, eds. (2015). The Canadian Horror Film: Terror of the Soul. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-2850-2.

## External links

[edit]

* Orca at IMDb
* Orca at the TCM Movie Database
* Orca at AllMovie
* Orca at Rotten Tomatoes
* Orca at Box Office Mojo

* v
* t
* e

Films directed by Michael Anderson

Feature films|

* Private Angelo (1949)
* Waterfront (1950)
* Hell Is Sold Out (1951)
* Night Was Our Friend (1951)
* Will Any Gentleman...? (1953)
* The House of the Arrow (1953)
* The Dam Busters (1955)
* 1984 (1956)
* Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
* Yangtse Incident: The Story of H.M.S. Amethyst (1957)
* Chase a Crooked Shadow (1958)
* Shake Hands with the Devil (1959)
* The Wreck of the Mary Deare (1959)
* All the Fine Young Cannibals (1960)
* The Naked Edge (1961)
* Flight from Ashiya (1964)
* Wild and Wonderful (1964)
* Operation Crossbow (1965)
* The Quiller Memorandum (1966)
* The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968)
* Pope Joan (1972)
* Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze (1975)
* Conduct Unbecoming (1975)
* Logan's Run (1976)
* Orca (1977)
* Dominique (1979)
* Murder by Phone (1982)
* Second Time Lucky (1984)
* Separate Vacations (1986)
* The Jeweler's Shop (1989)
* Millennium (1989)
* Summer of the Monkeys (1998)

Television|

* The Martian Chronicles (1980)
* Sword of Gideon (1986)
* Young Catherine (1991)
* The Sea Wolf (1993)
* Rugged Gold (1994)
* Captains Courageous (1996)
* 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1997)
* The New Adventures of Pinocchio (1999)

* v
* t
* e

Luciano Vincenzoni

Films written|

* Path of Hope (1950)
* They Stole a Tram (1954)
* The Railroad Man (1956)
* The Wanderers (1956)
* The Italians They Are Crazy (1958)
* The Great War (1959)
* Venetian Honeymoon (1959)
* Crimen (1960)
* The Hunchback of Rome (1960)
* The Best of Enemies (1961)
* Destination Fury (1961)
* Duel of Champions (1961)
* Revolt of the Mercenaries (1961)
* Copacabana Palace (1962)
* A Girl... and a Million (1962)
* La vita agra (1964)
* Seduced and Abandoned (1964)
* For a Few Dollars More (1965)
* The Birds, the Bees and the Italians (1966)
* The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966)
* Death Rides a Horse (1967)
* The Mercenary (1968)
* A Quiet Place in the Country (1968)
* Duck, You Sucker! (1971)
* Black Turin (1972)
* Flatfoot (1973)
* The Heroes (1973)
* Mean Frank and Crazy Tony (1973)
* Mr. Hercules Against Karate (1973)
* War Goddess (1973)
* The Beast (1974)
* Policewoman (1974)
* Three Tough Guys (1974)
* The Boss and the Worker (1975)
* Cry, Onion! (1975)
* Libera, My Love (1975)
* Wanted: Babysitter (1975)
* L'Italia s'è rotta (1976)
* Black Journal (1977)
* Orca (1977)
* Count Tacchia (1982)
* Bonnie and Clyde Italian Style (1983)
* A tu per tu (1984)
* Casablanca, Casablanca (1985)
* Miami Supercops (1985)
* Raw Deal (1986)
* Blowing Hot and Cold (1989)
* Malèna (2000)

Plays|

* Sacco and Vanzetti (1960)

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