Order of the Crown (Romania)

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Order of the Crown of Romania
Ordinul Coroana României

The badge and sash of the order

Awarded by the King of Romania
Type| Dynastic order
Royal house| House of Romania
Religious affiliation| Romanian Orthodox
Ribbon| Light blue with silver stripes
Motto| PRIN NOI INSINE
(By ourselves)
Awarded for| Conspicuous and special merit
Status| Discontinued in 1947; revived in 2011
Grades| Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer, Knight[1]
Precedence
Next (higher)| Order of Carol I
Next (lower)| Royal Decoration of the Custodian of the Romanian Crown

The two ribbon bars of the order

The Order of the Crown of Romania is a chivalric order set up on 14 March 1881[2] by King Carol I of Romania to commemorate the establishment of the Kingdom of Romania.[3] It was awarded as a state order until the end of the Romanian monarchy in 1947.[4] It was revived on 30 December 2011 as a dynastic order.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Classes
* 2 Insignia
* 2.1 Decoration
* 2.2 Other
* 3 Recipients
* 3.1 Grand Cross
* 3.2 Grand Officer class
* 3.3 Commander class
* 3.4 Order class
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Classes[edit]

The order had five classes, most of them with limited numbers:

* Grand Cross (limited to 25)
* Grand Officer (limited to 80)
* Commander (limited to 150)
* Officer (limited to 300)
* Knight (unlimited numbers)[1]

## Insignia[edit]

### Decoration[edit]

Knight's Cross (version used before 1932)

Knight's Cross with swords (used after 1932)

The religious character of the model of 1881 is a red-enamelled, eight-pointed Maltese Cross with wider margin of gold and white. In the angles of the cross were "C"s, the initials of the founder. The medallion in the middle of the cross shows a royal crown on dark red background. The medallion is surrounded by a white-frost edge surrounded the inscription PRIN NOI INSINE (by ourselves) and the order's foundation date of 14 March 1881. On the back of the medallion is 10 Mai (May 10), the National Day as well as the years 1866 (enthronement of Carol and the foundation of the Romanian dynasty), 1877 (proclamation of Romanian fully independence), 1881 (proclamation of the Kingdom and of Carol as King of Romania).[1]

### Other[edit]

The Order's sash or ribbon is light blue with two silver stripes. Grand Cross members wore the decoration on a sash from the right shoulder to left waist, Grand Officers and Commanders around the neck and Knights and Officers on the left breast. For the two highest classes of the order an eight-pointed silver star was also worn on the left breast, Grand Cross members wearing it as an order-insignia and Grand Officers as a medallion, surrounded by four royal crowns since 1932.

## Recipients[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (September 2014)

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### Grand Cross[edit]

* Ibrahim of Johor
* Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
* Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
* Princess Muna al-Hussein
* Jean-Baptiste Billot
* Nicolae Ciupercă
* Arved Crüger
* Joseph Dietrich
* John Dill[6]
* Max von Fabeck
* Josef Harpe
* William Horwood
* August Kanitz
* Živojin Mišić
* Hendrik Pieter Nicolaas Muller
* Mihailo Petrović
* Radomir Putnik
* Jovan Mišković[7]
* Lt.-col. Constantin C. Roșescu, participant in Operation Autonomous
* Radu R. Rosetti
* Nicholas Medforth-Mills
* Lech Wałęsa, 2nd President of Poland[8]
* George Julian Zolnay[9]

### Grand Officer class[edit]

* Dhimitër Beratti
* Katō Hiroharu (1920) Rear Admiral, Imperial Japanese Navy[10]

### Commander class[edit]

* Erich Abraham[11]
* Arthur Irving Andrews (1878–1967), American college professor.[12][13][14][15] Awarded c. 1929 for "historical writings on Rumanian subjects".[16][17]
* Henry Bond (1873-1919), British Army officer
* Kurt Lottner
* Gheorghe Manoliu[18]

### Order class[edit]

* Kennedy, Clyde McLean Awarded July 1919 - Lieutenant 20th Battalion (CEF)

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Brockhaus' konversations-lexikon-Vol 10 (in German). Leipzig, Germany: F.A. Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig. 1902. p. 751\. "Orden der Krone von Rumänien, von König Karl 10. (22.) Mai 1881 gestiftet, hat fünf Klassen (Großkreuze, Großoffiziere, Commandeure, Offiziere und Ritter). Das Ordenszeichen besteht in einem rot emaillierten, weiß geränderten Kreuze, auf dessen rotem Mittelschilde die rumän. silberne Krone und die Inschrift "Prin noi insine"(«Durch uns selbst"), unten das Datum der Proklamation des Königtums (14 Martie 1881), der Revers zeigt das Datum 10. Maiu und auf dem Reif 1866, 1877, 1881. Das Ordensband ist blau mit silbernen Rändern. Die Großkreuze tragen dazu einen silbernen Stern von acht Strahlen, die Großoffiziere einen solchen von kleinerer Form."
2. ^ Piersall, Mark. "Order of the Crown of Romania "Ordinul Coroana Romaniei" 1881–1947". The Piersall Collection of Orders, Decorations, and Medals From Around The World. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
3. ^ Hentea, Călin (2007). Brief Romanian military history. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. p. 115\. ISBN 978-0-8108-5820-6. Retrieved 4 December 2011. "The proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881 was marked by the establishment of the second national order, the Crown of Romania."
4. ^ The order was discontinued in 1947, after King Michael abdicated the throne upon the Soviet occupation of Romania.
5. ^ Familia Regala
6. ^ The London Gazette, 19 September 1919
7. ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 564.
8. ^ Royal Family of Romania
9. ^ The National cyclopaedia of American biography: being the history of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the republic, and of the men and women who are doing the work and moulding the thought of the present time, Volume 10. New York: J. T. White company. 1909. p. 373. Retrieved 4 December 2011. "in recognition of the sculptor's artistic achievements King Charles I of Roumania conferred upon him the order of the Crown with the title of chevalier which is the highest distinction for the artist"
10. ^ "Orders and Decorations, 1920" (in Japanese). p. 2.
11. ^ Abraham, Erich Gottfried. "Traces Of War" (in Dutch). Stichting Informatie Wereldoorlog Twee. Retrieved 4 December 2011. "Ordinul Corona Romaneii Commander, Rank: Oberst, Unit: Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 230, Awarded on: June 22nd, 1942"
12. ^ Herringshaw, WT. "Andrews, Arthur Irving" in Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography. American Publishers' Association. 1926. Page 47. Google Books.
13. ^ Cook, RC. "Andrews, Arthur Irving" in Who's who in American Education. 1930. Volume 2. Page 30. Google Books.
14. ^ Lawrence, Alberta Chamberlain. "Andrews, Arthur Irving" in Authors Biographical Monthly Service. Golden Syndicate Publishing Company. 1952. Page 65. Google Books.
15. ^ "Andrews, Dr. Arthur Irving" in World Biography. Institute for Research in Biography. Fifth Edition. 1954. Page 30. Google Books
16. ^ The Bates Student, vol 57 (1929–1930), 10 May 1929, p 2, col 3 Internet Archive
17. ^ The New Pioneer (1945 or 1946) vol 4 (published by the Cultural Association for Americans of Romanian Descent) Google Books: [1] [2]
18. ^ "Manoliu, Gheorghe". tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 17 May 2020. "Awarded on: 1942"

## External links[edit]

Media related to Order of the Crown (Romania) at Wikimedia Commons