Organ building

Profession in music

Design for an organ by Johann Georg Dirr, 18th century German organ builder pre-voicing pipes, 1966 German organ builder constructing an organ, 1966 Modern organ in Basilica of St. Andoche, Saulieu, France

Organ building is the profession of designing, building, restoring and maintaining pipe organs.

The organ builder usually receives a commission to design an organ with a particular disposition of stops, manuals, and actions, creates a design to best respond to spatial, technical and acoustic considerations, and then constructs the instrument. The profession requires specific knowledge of such matters as the scaling of organ pipes and also familiarity with the various materials used (including woods, metals, felt, and leather) and an understanding of statics, aerodynamics, mechanics and electronics. However, although in theory the builder is responsible for all facets of construction, in practice organ-building workshops include specialists in pipes, actions, and cabinets; tasks such as the manufacture of pipes, metal casting, and making rarely-used components are often delegated to outside firms.

After manufacture of all parts of a new organ, the pipes must be pre-tuned and voiced to the desired pitch and sound characteristics. The instrument is then usually partly or wholly assembled in the workshop, dismantled, and reassembled on-site, after which the pipes receive a final tuning and voicing.

Organ builders also provide regular maintenance, which includes adjustment of pipes and maintenance of the action, and repairs necessitated by wear and tear, unforeseen problems or rough treatment (including inappropriate temperature and humidity). A complete overhaul of an organ consists of disassembly of the pipes and thorough cleaning of all components and maintenance where needed; changes and additions may also be made to the instrument at the same time. Older organs may also be restored to a previous state, including re-creation of damaged and missing parts using historically accurate materials and techniques.

In some countries, including Germany, Switzerland, and Norway, organ building is a regulated handwork profession.

## See also

[edit]

* List of pipe organ builders

## Further reading

[edit]

* Poul-Gerhard Andersen. Orgelbogen; klangteknik, arkitektur og historie. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1956. OCLC 4406847 (in Danish)
* Poul-Gerhard Andersen. Organ Building and Design. Trans. Joanne Curnutt. New York: Oxford / London: Allen & Unwin, 1969. OCLC 29076
* George Ashdown Audsley. The Art of Organ-Building: A Comprehensive Historical, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Tonal Appointment and Mechanical Construction of Concert-Room, Church, and Chamber Organs. 2 vols. New York, 1905. Repr. New York: Dover, 1965. OCLC 225672
* Walter and Thomas Lewis. Modern Organ Building: Practical Explanation and Description of Organ Construction with Especial Regard to Pneumatic Action and Chapters on Tuning, Voicing, etc. 3rd ed. London: Reeves, 1939, repr. 1956. OCLC 10720827
* Johann Julius Seidel. Die Orgel und ihr Bau: ein systematisches Handbuch für Cantoren, Organisten, Schullehrer, Musikstudirende &c., so wie für Geistliche, Kirchenvorsteher und alle Freunde der Orgel und des Orgelspiels. Breslau, 1843. Repr. Amsterdam: Knuf, 1962. OCLC 2477379 (in German)
* Johann Julius Seidel. The Organ and its Construction: A Systematic Handbook for Organists, Organ Builders, &c. Trans. 2nd ed. London, 1855. Repr. Da Capo Press music reprint series. New York: Da Capo, 1982. ISBN 9780306761065
* Martin Kares. "Die Situation des Orgelbaus in Deutschland zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts". In: Die Orgel zwischen Gestern und Morgen. Bericht über das zehnte Colloquium der Walcker-Stiftung für orgelwissenschaftliche Forschung 23. - 25\. September 2003 in Siegen. Veröffentlichungen der Walcker-Stiftung 18. Siegen: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen, 2011, pp. 14-15 (pdf) (in German)
* Lawrence I. Phelps. "A Short History of the Organ Revival" Archived 2020-08-09 at the Wayback Machine. Church Music 67.1, Spring 1967

## External links

[edit]

* The International Society of Organbuilders
* The 101 of organ building, The Organ Site
* Institute of British Organ Building
* The Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America
* Orgelbau Deutschland (in German)
* The South Island Pipe Organ Company (New Zealand)

* v
* t
* e

Pipe organs (list)

Construction|

* Builders
* Console
* Eight-foot pitch
* Manual
* Pedals
* Crescendo pedal
* Expression pedal
* Tremulant
* Swell box
* Tracker
* Combination action
* Electro-pneumatic
* Tubular-pneumatic
* Stop

Pipes|

* En chamade
* Flue
* Scaling
* Voicing
* Reed
* Tuning

Stops (List)|

* Bourdon
* Tibia
* Tibia Clausa
* Cornet
* Gedackt
* Mixture
* Ophicleide
* Plein-jeu
* Registration
* Trompette militaire
* Voix céleste
* Vox humana
* Zimbelstern

* Barrel
* Crawl
* Fairground
* French
* German
* Historical Society
* Portative
* Positive
* Repertoire
* Shoes
* Theatre
* Water

* v
* t
* e

Theatre organs

Builders|

| Traditional|

* Austin
* Balcom & Vaughan
* Barton
* Christie
* Compton
* Estey
* Geneva
* Hillgreen-Lane
* Hinners
* Hill, Norman & Beard
* Hope-Jones
* Kilgen
* Kimball
* Link
* Marr & Colton
* Midmer-Losh
* Möller
* Morton
* Page
* Reuter
* Robert Morton
* E. M. Skinner
* Welte-Mignon
* Wicks
* Wurlitzer

|

Digital|

* Allen
* Conn
* Rodgers
* Walker

Notable
artists|

* Bernie Anderson, Jr.
* Ena Baga
* William Baines
* Ronald Binge
* Rod Blackmore
* Oswell Blakeston
* Cameron Carpenter
* Gaylord Carter
* Doreen Chadwick
* Buddy Cole
* Jesse Crawford
* Florence De Jong
* Reginald Dixon
* Martin Ellis
* Lee Erwin
* Horace Finch
* Reginald Foort
* Graham W. Jackson, Sr.
* Dennis James
* Stan Kann
* Phil Kelsall
* Edwin Lemare
* Arnold Loxam
* Leonard MacClain
* Sandy MacPherson
* Al Melgard
* Bob Mitchell
* Gerald Moore
* Reginald New
* Nigel Ogden
* Korla Pandit
* Richard Purvis
* Bob Ralston
* Robin Richmond
* Rosa Rio
* Samuel Roxy Rothafel
* Dudley Savage
* Richard Simonton
* Fela Sowande
* Carl Stalling
* Walt Strony
* Firmin Swinnen
* Sidney Torch
* Oliver Wallace
* Pearl White
* George Wright
* Jess Yates

Groups|

* American Theatre Organ Society
* Cinema Organ Society
* Theatre Organ Society of Australia

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template