Orion (satellite)

Class of United States spy satellites

For the crewed spacecraft, see Orion (spacecraft).

Artist's impression of the Orion Mentor-4 (USA-202) Signals Intelligence Satellite launched in January 2009

Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion,[1] is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.

## Description

[edit]

These satellites at geostationary orbits collect radio emissions (SIGINT) and act as replacements for the older constellation of Magnum satellites. The satellites have estimated mass close to 5,200 kg and very large (estimated 100 m diameter)[2] radio reflecting dishes. USA-223 (NROL-32), which is seen as the fifth satellite in the series, is according to NRO director Bruce Carlson "the largest satellite in the world."[3] It is believed that this refers to the diameter of the main antenna, which might be well in excess of 100 m (330 ft).[4] The mission and capabilities of these satellites are highly classified, though targets may include telemetry, VHF radio, cellular mobile phones, paging signals, and mobile data links.[5] Earlier satellites with similar missions, the Rhyolite/Aquacade series, were built by TRW; it is not known who made the Orion satellites.[6]

* USA-202 shows up as a magnitude +8 "star" in this image. Note how the real stars are trailed in this 10-second exposure: the geostationary satellite is pinpoint.

* USA-223 (NROL-32), the fifth "Mentor" satellite, atop a Delta IV rocket

* USA-202 and the nearby commercial geostationary satellite Thuraya 2

## Satellites

[edit]

Mentor-4 (USA-202) deployment and initial westward drift after launch in January 2009 was controlled by the Pine Gap base. About 60 days after launch Menwith Hill Ground Station was to take over control and initiate the collection mission. Mentor-4's initial mission was to survey line-of-sight microwave towers and emitters in the People's Republic of China for 30 to 45 days as it was drifting from east to west. Moving further west, it was to collect data from the Thuraya network and monitor Pakistan and Afghanistan, followed by another 200 days of monitoring of China. This was to be followed by data collection covering the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Latin America.[7][8]

Name  | COSPAR ID | Launch date
(UTC)  | Launch vehicle  | Launch site  | Launch
designation | Longitude  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

USA-110 | 1995-022A | 14 May 1995
13:45:01[1] | Titan IV(401)A | CCSFS, SLC-40 | N/A | 127° E [4] | MENTOR 1
USA-139 | 1998-029A | 9 May 1998
01:38:01[1] | Titan IV(401)B | CCSFS, SLC-40 | NROL-6 | 44° E (1998–2009)
14.5°W (2009–) [4] | MENTOR 2
USA-171 | 2003-041A | 9 September 2003
04:29:00[1] | Titan IV(401)B | CCSFS, SLC-40 | NROL-19 | 95.5° E [4] | MENTOR 3
USA-202 | 2009-001A | 18 January 2009
02:47:00[1] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-26 | 44° E [4] | MENTOR 4
USA-223 | 2010-063A | 21 November 2010
22:58:00[1] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-32 | 100.9° E [9] | MENTOR 5
USA-237 | 2012-034A | 29 June 2012
13:15:00[1] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-15 | 89.21° E [10] | MENTOR 6
USA-268 | 2016-036A | 11 June 2016
17:51:00[1] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-37 | 104.18° E [10] | MENTOR 7
USA-311 | 2020-095A | 11 December 2020
01:09[11] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-44 | 51° E[12] | MENTOR 8
USA-345 | 2023-089A | 22 June 2023
09:18[13] | Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-68 |  | MENTOR 9
USA-353 | 2024-067A | 9 April 2024

16:53[14]

| Delta IV Heavy | CCSFS, SLC-37B | NROL-70 |  |

## References

[edit]

* Spaceflight portal

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Justin Ray (11 June 2016). "Triple-barrel Delta 4-Heavy launches national security satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
2. ^ "Les satellites espions de la NSA" [Spy satellites of the NSA]. Spyworld.fr (in French). 2006.
3. ^ Bruce Carlson (13 September 2010). "National Reconnaissance Office Update" (PDF). afa.org. Air & Space Conference and Technology Exposition 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
4. ^ a b c d e William Graham (21 November 2010). "Delta IV Heavy launches with NROL-32". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
5. ^ Campbell, Duncan (April 1999). "STOA Report: Interception Capabilities 2000".
6. ^ Jonathan's Space Report No. 369. Archived 2009-06-19 at the Wayback Machine (1998-08-22).
7. ^ "Two New Collection Assets to Greatly Expand MHS Target Coverage". National Security Agency. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
8. ^ Marco Langbroek (31 October 2016). "A NEMESIS in the sky: PAN, MENTOR 4, and close encounters of the SIGINT kind". The Space Review. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
9. ^ T. Flohrer; R. Choc; B. Bastida (February 2011). "CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS ISSUE 13". ESA. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
10. ^ a b ESA's Space Debris Office (April 2017). "CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS ISSUE 19" (PDF). ESA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2019.
11. ^ Clark, Stephen. "Delta 4-Heavy launches U.S. spy satellite after months of delays". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
12. ^ Molczan, Ted (15 January 2021). "ISON elements of Mentor 8". satobs.org.
13. ^ Graham, William (22 June 2023). "ULA's penultimate Delta IV Heavy launches NROL-68 mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
14. ^ "Delta IV Heavy NROL-70". Retrieved 10 April 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Advanced Orion at Encyclopedia Astronautica
* Magnum/ Mentor/ Orion at Globalsecurity.org
* The USA 202 ORION satellite

* v
* t
* e

United States reconnaissance satellites

IMINT|

| Photographic|

* KH-1 Corona
* KH-2 Corona
* KH-3 Corona
* KH-4A Corona
* KH-4B Corona
* KH-5 Argon
* KH-6 Lanyard
* KH-7 Gambit
* KH-8 Gambit 3
* KH-9 Hexagon
* KH-10 Dorian

|

Electro-optical|

* Samos
* KH-11 Kennen
* Misty
* Enhanced Imaging System

Synthetic-aperture radar|

* Quill
* Lacrosse
* FIA

SIGINT|

| Low Earth orbit|

* GRAB
* Poppy
* White Cloud
* Samos-F

|

Highly elliptical orbit|

* Jumpseat
* Trumpet

Geosynchronous Earth orbit|

* Canyon
* Magnum
* Mentor (Orion)
* Mercury
* Rhyolite/Aquacade
* Vortex
* GSSAP

MASINT|

| Primary mission|

* FORTE
* GPS
* DMSP
* Vela

|

Secondary mission|

* MIDAS
* DSP
* SBIRS
* STSS

R&D|

| Primary mission|

* MiTEx

|

Unknown|

| USA number|

* USA-193

|

* v
* t
* e

← 2002

Orbital launches in 2003

2004 →

January|

* Coriolis
* ICESat, CHIPSat
* STS-107 (SpaceHab RDM, EDO)
* SORCE
* USA-166, XSS-10

February|

* Progress M-47
* Intelsat 907

March|

* USA-167
* IGS-1A, IGS-1B
* USA-168

April|

* Molniya-1 No.92
* USA-169
* INSAT-3A, Galaxy 12
* AsiaSat-4
* Kosmos 2397
* Soyuz TMA-2
* GALEX

May|

* GSAT-2
* Hayabusa (Minerva)
* Hellas Sat 2
* Beidou 1C

June|

* Mars Express (Beagle 2)
* Kosmos 2398
* AMC-9
* Progress M1-10
* Thuraya 2
* Spirit
* Optus and Defence C1, BSAT-2c
* Molniya-3 No.53
* Orbview-3
* Monitor-E GVM, MIMOSA, DTUSat, MOST, Cute-I, QuakeSat, AAU-Cubesat, CanX-1, Cubesat XI-IV

July|

* Opportunity
* Rainbow 1

August|

* EchoStar IX
* Kosmos 2399
* SCISAT-1
* Kosmos 2400, Kosmos 2401
* Spitzer
* Progress M-48
* USA-170

September|

* USA-171 / Orion 5
* UK-DMC, BILSAT-1, STSat-1
* e-Bird, INSAT-3E, SMART-1

October|

* Galaxy 13/Horizons-1
* Shenzhou 5
* Resourcesat-1
* Soyuz TMA-3
* USA-172
* CBERS-2, Chuang Xin 1
* SERVIS-1

November|

* FSW-3 1
* Shen Tong 1
* Yamal-201, Yamal-202
* IGS-2A, IGS-2B

December|

* USA-173
* Gruzomaket
* Kosmos 2402, Kosmos 2403, Kosmos 2404
* USA-174
* USA-175
* Amos-2
* Ekspress AM22
* Tan Ce 1

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

* v
* t
* e

← 2008

Orbital launches in 2009

2010 →

January|

* USA-202 / Orion 6
* Ibuki, Kukai, SDS-1, Sohla-1
* Koronas-Foton

February|

* Omid
* NOAA-19
* Progress M-66
* Ekspress-AM44, Ekspress-MD1
* Hot Bird 10, NSS-9, Spirale-A, Spirale-B
* OCO
* Telstar 11N
* Raduga-1

March|

* Kepler
* STS-119 (ITS S6)
* GOCE
* USA-203
* Soyuz TMA-14

April|

* Eutelsat W2A
* USA-204
* Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
* Compass-G2
* RISAT-2, ANUSAT
* SICRAL 1B
* Yaogan 6
* Kosmos 2450

May|

* USA-205
* Progress M-02M
* STS-125
* Herschel, Planck
* ProtoStar 2
* TacSat-3, PharmaSat, AeroCube-3, HawkSat-1, CP6
* Meridian 2
* Soyuz TMA-15

June|

* LRO, LCROSS
* MEASAT-3a
* GOES 14
* Sirius FM-5

July|

* TerreStar-1
* Kosmos 2451, Kosmos 2452, Kosmos 2453
* RazakSAT
* STS-127 (JEM-EF, AggieSat 2, BEVO-1, Castor, Pollux)
* Kosmos 2454, Sterkh No.11L
* Progress M-67
* DubaiSat-1, Deimos-1, UK-DMC 2, Nanosat-1B, AprizeSat-3, AprizeSat-4

August|

* AsiaSat 5
* USA-206
* JCSAT-RA, Optus D3
* STSat-2A
* STS-128 (Leonardo MPLM)
* Palapa-D

September|

* USA-207 / PAN
* HTV-1
* Meteor-M No.1, BLITS, Sterkh-2, SumbandilaSat, UGATUSAT, Universitetsky-Tatyana-2
* Nimiq 5
* Oceansat-2, Rubin 9.1, Rubin 9.2, BeeSat-1, UWE-2, ITU-pSat1, SwissCube-1
* USA-208 / STSS-Demo 1, USA-209 / STSS-Demo 2
* Soyuz TMA-16

October|

* Amazonas-2, COMSATBw-1
* WorldView-2
* Progress M-03M
* USA-210
* Thor 6, NSS-12

November|

* SMOS, PROBA-2
* Progress M-MIM2 (Poisk)
* Shijian 11-01
* STS-129 (ExPRESS-1, ExPRESS-2)
* Kosmos 2455
* Intelsat 14
* Eutelsat W7
* IGS Optical 3
* Intelsat 15

December|

* USA-211
* Yaogan 7
* Kosmos 2456, Kosmos 2457, Kosmos 2458
* Yaogan 8, Xi Wang 1
* Helios IIB
* Soyuz TMA-17
* DirecTV-12

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

* v
* t
* e

← 2009

Orbital launches in 2010

2011 →

January|

* Compass-G1
* Globus-1M No.12L

February|

* Progress M-04M
* STS-130 (Tranquility, Cupola)
* SDO
* Intelsat 16

March|

* Kosmos 2459 / GLONASS-M 731, Kosmos 2460 / GLONASS-M 732, Kosmos 2461 / GLONASS-M 735
* GOES-15 / EWS-G2
* Yaogan 9A, Yaogan 9B, Yaogan 9C
* EchoStar XIV

April|

* Soyuz TMA-18
* STS-131 (Leonardo MPLM)
* CryoSat-2
* GSAT-4
* Kosmos 2462
* USA-212
* SES-1
* Kosmos 2463
* Progress M-05M

May|

* STS-132 (Rassvet, ICC-VLD)
* Akatsuki, IKAROS (DCAM-1, DCAM-2), Shin'en, Waseda-SAT2, Hayato, Negai ☆''
* Astra 3B, COMSATBw-2
* USA-213

June|

* SERVIS-2
* Compass-G3
* Badr-5
* Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit
* STSAT-2B
* Shijian XII
* Prisma, Picard, BPA-1
* Soyuz TMA-19
* TanDEM-X
* Ofek-9
* Arabsat-5A, Chollian
* Progress M-06M

July|

* EchoStar XV
* Cartosat-2B, AlSat-2A, StudSat, AISSat-1, TIsat-1
* Compass-IGSO1

August|

* Nilesat 201, RASCOM-QAF 1R
* Yaogan 10
* USA-214
* Tian Hui 1

September|

* Kosmos 2464, Kosmos 2465, Kosmos 2466
* Chinasat-6A
* Gonets-M No.2, Kosmos 2467, Kosmos 2468
* Progress M-07M
* Michibiki
* USA-215
* Yaogan 11, Zheda Pixing 1B, Zheda Pixing 1C
* USA-216
* Kosmos 2469

October|

* Chang'e 2
* Shijian 6G, Shijian 6H
* Soyuz TMA-01M
* XM-5
* Globalstar 73, Globalstar 74, Globalstar 75, Globalstar 76, Globalstar 77, Globalstar 79
* Progress M-08M
* Eutelsat W3B, BSat 3B
* Compass-G4

November|

* Meridian 3
* Fengyun 3B
* COSMO-4
* SkyTerra-1
* STPSat-2, USA-220 / FASTSAT (NanoSail-D2), USA-221 / FalconSat-5, USA-222 / FASTRAC-1, USA-222 / FASTRAC-2, USA-218 / RAX, USA-219 / O/OREOS
* USA-223 / Orion 7
* Chinasat 20A
* Intelsat 17, HYLAS-1

December|

* Glonass-M No.39, Glonass-M No.40, Glonass-M No.41
* SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 1, Mayflower, SMDC-ONE 1, QbX-1, QbX-2, Perseus 000, Perseus 001, Perseus 002, Perseus 003
* Soyuz TMA-20
* Compass-IGSO2
* GSAT-5P
* KA-SAT

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

* v
* t
* e

← 2011

Orbital launches in 2012

2013 →

January|

* Ziyuan III-01, VesselSat-2
* Fengyun 2-07
* USA-233
* Progress M-14M

February|

* Navid
* LARES, ALMASat-1, Xatcobeo, UniCubeSat-GG, ROBUSTA, e-st@r, Goliat, MaSat-1, PW-Sat
* SES-4
* Compass-G5
* MUOS-1

March|

* Edoardo Amaldi ATV
* Intelsat 22
* Kosmos 2479
* Apstar 7

April|

* USA-234
* Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
* Progress M-15M
* YahSat-1B
* RISAT-1
* Compass-M3, Compass-M4

May|

* USA-235
* Tianhui 1B
* Yaogan 14, Tiantuo 1
* Soyuz TMA-04M
* JCSAT-13, Vinasat-2
* Kosmos 2480
* Shizuku, Kompsat 3, SDS-4, Horyu 2
* Nimiq 6
* SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2, New Frontier
* Fajr
* ChinaSat 2A
* Yaogan 15

June|

* Intelsat 19
* NuSTAR
* Shenzhou 9
* USA-236 / Quasar 18
* USA-237 / Orion 8

July|

* EchoStar XVII, MSG-3
* SES-5
* Soyuz TMA-05M
* Kounotori 3 (Raiko, We-Wish, Niwaka, TechEdSat, F-1)
* Kanopus-V1, BelKA-2, Zond-PP, TET-1, exactView-1
* Tianlian I-03
* Gonets-M No.3, Gonets-M No.4, Kosmos 2481, MiR

August|

* Progress M-16M (Sfera-53)
* Intelsat 20, HYLAS 2
* Telkom-3, Ekspress-MD2
* Intelsat 21
* RBSP-A, RBSP-B

September|

* SPOT 6, PROITERES, mRESINS
* USA-238, SMDC-ONE 1.1, SMDC-ONE 1.2, AeroCube 4, AeroCube 4A, AeroCube 4B, Aeneas, Re, CSSWE, CP5, CXBN, CINEMA 1
* MetOp-B
* Compass-M5, Compass-M6
* Astra 2F, GSAT-10
* VRSS-1

October|

* USA-239
* SpaceX CRS-1, Orbcomm-2
* David, Sif
* Shijian 9-01, Shijian 9-02
* Intelsat 23
* Soyuz TMA-06M
* Compass G6
* Progress M-17M

November|

* Luch 5B, Yamal-300K
* Eutelsat 21B, Star One C3
* Meridian 6
* Huanjing 1C
* EchoStar XVI
* Yaogan 16A, Yaogan 16B, Yaogan 16C
* ChinaSat 12

December|

* Pléiades-HR 1B
* Eutelsat 70B
* Yamal-402
* USA-240
* Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2
* Göktürk-2
* Soyuz TMA-07M
* Skynet 5D, Mexsat Bicentenario

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

* v
* t
* e

← 2015

Orbital launches in 2016

2017 →

January|

* Belintersat-1
* Jason-3
* IRNSS-1E
* Intelsat 29e
* Eutelsat 9B

February|

* BeiDou M3-S
* USA-266 / GPS IIF-12
* Kosmos 2514 / GLONASS-M 751
* Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
* USA-267 / Topaz-4
* Sentinel-3A
* ASTRO-H / Hitomi

March|

* SES-9
* Eutelsat 65 West A
* IRNSS-1F
* Resurs-P №3
* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, Schiaparelli EDM
* Soyuz TMA-20M
* Cygnus CRS OA-6 (Diwata-1, Flock-2e' × 20 , Lemur-2 × 9)
* Kosmos 2515 / Bars-M 2L
* BeiDou IGSO-6
* Progress MS-02

April|

* Shijian-10
* Dragon CRS-8, BEAM
* Sentinel-1B, MICROSCOPE, e-st@r-II
* Mikhailo Lomonosov
* IRNSS-1G

May|

* JCSAT-14
* Yaogan 30
* Galileo FOC-10, FOC-11
* Thaicom 8
* Kosmos 2516 / GLONASS-M 753
* Ziyuan III-02, ÑuSat 1, 2

June|

* Kosmos 2517 / Geo-IK-2 №12
* Intelsat 31 / DLA-2
* USA-268 / Orion 9
* BeiDou G7
* Eutelsat 117 West B, ABS-2A
* Cartosat-2C, M3MSat, Flock-2p × 12, SathyabamaSat, Swayam
* MUOS-5
* Chinese next-generation crew capsule scale model
* Shijian 16-02

July|

* Soyuz MS-01
* Progress MS-03
* Dragon CRS-9
* USA-269 / NROL-61

August|

* Tiantong-1 01
* Gaofen-3
* JCSAT-16
* QUESS / Mozi / Micius
* USA-270 / GSSAP-3, USA-271 / GSSAP-4
* Intelsat 33e, Intelsat 36
* Gaofen-10†

September|

* AMOS-6†
* INSAT-3DR
* OSIRIS-REx
* Ofek-11
* Tiangong-2
* SkySat × 4
* ScatSat-1, Alsat-1B, Alsat-2B, BlackSky Pathfinder-1, Pratham, CanX-7, PISat

October|

* Sky Muster II, GSAT-18
* Shenzhou 11
* Cygnus CRS OA-5 (Lemur-2 × 4)
* Soyuz MS-02

November|

* Himawari 9
* Shijian-17
* XPNAV 1
* WorldView-4, CELTEE 1, Prometheus-2 × 2, AeroCube 8 × 2, U2U, RAVAN
* Yunhai-1
* Galileo FOC 7, 12, 13, 14
* Soyuz MS-03
* GOES-R
* Tianlian I-04

December|

* Progress MS-04
* Göktürk-1
* Resourcesat-2A
* WGS-8
* HTV-6 / Kounotori 6, (EGG, TuPOD, UBAKUSAT, AOBA-VELOX, STARS, FREEDOM, ITF, Waseda-SAT, OSNSAT, Tancredo-1, TechEDSat, Lemur-2 × 4)
* Fengyun 4A
* CYGNSS × 8
* EchoStar 19
* Arase / ERG
* TanSat, Spark × 2
* Star One D1, JCSAT-15
* SuperView / Gaojing-1 01, 02, Bayi Kepu 1

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

* v
* t
* e

← 2019

Orbital launches in 2020

2021 →

January|

* Starlink V1.0-L2 (60 satellites)
* TJS-5
* Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01, ÑuSat 7, ÑuSat 8
* Eutelsat Konnect, GSAT-30
* Starlink V1.0-L3 (60 satellites)
* USA-294

February|

* OneWeb L2 (34 satellites)
* IGS-Optical 7
* Solar Orbiter (TechEdSat-10)
* Cygnus NG-13
* Starlink V1.0-L4 (60 satellites)
* Chollian-2B
* JCSAT-17
* Meridian-M 9

March|

* SpaceX CRS-20 (Lynk 04)
* BeiDou-3 G2Q
* Kosmos 2545 / GLONASS-M 760
* Starlink V1.0-L5 (60 satellites)
* OneWeb L3 (34 satellites)
* Yaogan 30-06 (3 satellites)
* USA-298 / AEHF-6

April|

* Soyuz MS-16
* Noor
* Starlink V1.0-L6 (60 satellites)
* Progress MS-14

May|

* Chinese next-generation crewed spacecraft / Flexible Inflatable Cargo Return Module
* Xingyun-2 01, 02
* X-37B OTV-6 / FalconSAT-8
* HTV-9
* EKS-4
* LauncherOne†,
* Starshine 4†
* XJS-G, XJS-H
* Crew Dragon Demo-2

June|

* Starlink 7 (60 satellites)
* Starlink 8 (58 satellites)

July|

* Gaofen DUOMO
* Flock-4e × 5†
* Shiyan 6-02
* Ofek-16
* Apstar 6D
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E†
* USA-305, USA-306, USA-307, USA-308
* Emirates Mars Mission
* ANASIS-II
* Tianwen-1 (Zhurong)
* Progress MS-15
* Ziyuan III-03
* Mars 2020 (Perseverance, Ingenuity)
* Ekspress-80, Ekspress-103

August|

* Gaofen 9-04
* Starlink V1.0-L9 (57 satellites), BlackSky Global 7, BlackSky Global 8
* BSAT-4b, Galaxy 30, MEV-2
* Starlink V1.0-L10 (58 satellites), SkySat × 3
* Gaofen 9-05
* SAOCOM 1B
* Capella 2, Photon First Light

September|

* ION-SCV 001 (Flock-4v × 12), ÑuSat 6, UPM-Sat 2, Flock-4v × 14, Lemur-2 × 8, NAPA-1, SpaceBEE × 12
* Starlink V1.0-L11 (60 satellites)
* Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
* Gaofen 11-02
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-02C†
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B × 6, Jilin-1 Gaofen-03C × 3
* HaiYang 2C
* Huanjing 2A, Huanjing 2B
* Gonets-M × 3, ICEYE X6, ICEYE X7, Kepler 4, Kepler 5, LacunaSat-3, Lemur-2 × 4

October|

* Cygnus NG-14 (Lemur-2 × 2, SPOC)
* Starlink V1.0-L12 (60 satellites)
* Gaofen-13
* Soyuz MS-17
* Starlink V1.0-L13 (60 satellites)
* Starlink V1.0-L14 (60 satellites)
* Kosmos 2547 / GLONASS-K 15L
* Yaogan 30-07 (3 satellites)
* Flock-4e' × 9

November|

* USA-309 / GPS IIIA-04
* ÑuSat × 10
* EOS-01 / RISAT-2BR2, KSM × 4, Lemur-2 × 4
* Tiantong-1 02
* USA-310 / NROL-101
* SpaceX Crew-1
* SEOSat-Ingenio†, TARANIS†
* Landmapper-BC 5, SpaceBEE × 18
* Sentinel-6
* Chang'e 5
* Starlink V1.0 L15 (60 satellites)

December|

* Gonets-M × 3, Kosmos 2548 / ERA-1
* Gaofen 14
* SpaceX CRS-21 (Nanoracks Bishop Airlock)
* GECAM A, GECAM B
* USA-311 / Orion 10
* SXM-7
* CMS-01 / GSAR-12R
* OneWeb L4 (36 satellites)
* USA-312, USA-313
* Yaogan 33
* CSO-2

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

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← 2022

Orbital launches in 2023

2024 →

January|

* ION SCV-007 & 008 (Astrocast × 4), Orbiter SN1† (Unicorn-2G†, Unicorn-2H†), Vigoride-5, ICEYE × 3, Lynk Tower 03, Lynk Tower 04, ÑuSat × 4, Flock 4y × 36, KSF3 × 4, Gama Alpha, Lemur-2 × 6, Milspace-2 1, MilSpace-2 2, Platform 2, SpaceBEE × 12,
* Shijian 23
* AMAN†, CIRCE 1†, CIRCE 2†, ForgeStar-0†, Prometheus 2A†, Prometheus 2B†, STORK-6†
* OneWeb L16 (40 satellites)
* Apstar 6E
* Yaogan 37, Shiyan 22A, Shiyan 22B
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D 34, Jilin-1 Hongwai-01A × 2, Jilin-1 Mofang-02A × 3
* LDPE-3A, USA-342 / CBAS-2
* USA-343 / GPS III-06
* Starlink G2-4 (51 satellites)
* Hawk × 3
* IGS-Radar 7
* Starlink G5-2 (56 satellites)
* Starlink G2-6 (49 satellites), ION SCV-009

February|

* Starlink G5-3 (53 satellites)
* Elektro-L №4
* Amazonas Nexus
* Progress MS-22
* Starlink G5-4 (55 satellites)
* Starlink G2-5 (51 satellites)
* Inmarsat-6 F2
* ChinaSat 26
* Soyuz MS-23
* Starlink G6-1 (21 satellites)

March|

* SpaceX Crew-6
* Starlink G2-7 (51 satellites)
* Nahid-1†
* ALOS-3†
* OneWeb L17 (40 satellites)
* Olymp-K №2 / Luch-5X
* SpaceX CRS-27
* Shiyan 19
* Capella 9, Capella 10
* Gaofen 13-02
* Starlink G2-8 (52 satellites)
* SES-18, SES-19
* Kosmos 2567 / Bars-M 4L
* BlackSky 18, BlackSky 19
* Starlink G5-5 (56 satellites)
* OneWeb L18 (36 satellites)
* Ofeq-13
* Kosmos 2568 / EO MKA №4
* Starlink G5-10 (56 satellites)
* PIESAT-1A 01, PIESAT-1B × 3
* Yaogan 34-04

April|

* SDA Transport Layer Tranche 0 × 8, SDA Tracking Layer Tranche 0 × 2
* Intelsat 40e / TEMPO
* JUICE
* ION SCV-010 (Kepler-20, Kepler-21), Vigoride-6, Hawk × 3, İMECE, ÑuSat × 4, Brokkr-1, DEWA SAT-2, LacunaSat-2F, Lemur-2 × 3, Sateliot_0 / Platform 3, TAIFA-1
* Fengyun 3G
* Starlink G6-2 (21 satellites)
* Starlink G3-5 (46 satellites)
* O3b mPOWER 3, O3b mPOWER 4

May|

* ViaSat-3.1
* Starlink G5-6 (56 satellites)
* TROPICS 05, TROPICS 06
* Tianzhou 6
* Starlink G2-9 (51 satellites)
* BeiDou-3 G4
* Starlink G6-3 (22 satellites)
* Iridium 9 (5 satellites), OneWeb L19 (15 satellites), JoeySat
* Axiom Mission 2
* Progress MS-23
* TROPICS 03, TROPICS 07
* Kondor-FKA №1
* Arabsat 7B (BADR-8)
* NVS-01
* Shenzhou 16
* Malligyong-1†
* Starlink G2-10 (52 satellites)

June|

* Starlink G6-4 (22 satellites)
* SpaceX CRS-28 (Maya-5, Maya-6)
* Shiyan 24A, Shiyan 24B
* Starlink G5-11 (52 satellites)
* ION SCV-011 (Unicorn-2I), Orbiter SN3, Blackjack Aces × 4, ICEYE × 4, ÑuSat × 4, GEISAT, Lemur-2 × 3, MISR-A, MISR-B, SpaceBEE × 12, Tiger-4, XVI
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D × 8, Jilin-1 Gaofen-06A × 30, Jilin-1 Pingtai-02A × 2
* SATRIA
* Shiyan 25
* Starlink G5-7 (47 satellites)
* USA-345 / Orion 11
* Starlink G5-12 (56 satellites)
* Meteor-M №2-3

July|

* Euclid
* Syracuse 4B
* Starlink G5-13 (48 satellites)
* Starlink G6-5 (22 satellites)
* Chandrayaan-3 (Vikram, Pragyan)
* Starlink G5-15 (54 satellites)
* Lemur-2 × 2
* Starlink G6-15 (15 satellites)
* Starlink G6-6 (22 satellites)
* Yaogan 36-05 (3 satellites)
* Starlink G6-7 (22 satellites)
* Jupiter-3 / EchoStar-24

August|

* Cygnus NG-19
* Fengyun 3F
* Galaxy-37
* Starlink G6-8 (22 satellites)
* Kosmos 2569 / GLONASS-K2 13L
* Starlink G6-20 (15 satellites)
* S-SAR 02 / Huanjing-2F
* Luna 25
* Starlink G6-9 (22 satellites)
* Starlink G6-10 (22 satellites)
* Gaofen 12-04
* Starlink G7-1 (21 satellites)
* Progress MS-24
* Malligyong-1 F2†
* Acadia 1
* Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02A
* SpaceX Crew-7
* Starlink G6-11 (22 satellites)
* Yaogan 39-01 (3 satellites)

September|

* Starlink G6-13 (22 satellites)
* Aditya-L1
* SDA Transport Layer Tranche 0 × 11, SDA Tracking Layer Tranche 0 × 2
* Starlink G6-12 (21 satellites)
* Yaogan 33-03
* XRISM, SLIM (LEV-1, LEV-2)
* Starlink G6-14 (22 satellites)
* Yaogan 40 (3 satellites)
* USA-346 / Silentbarker 1, USA-347 / Silentbarker 2, USA-348 / Silentbarker 3
* Starlink G7-2 (21 satellites)
* Soyuz MS-24
* Starlink G6-16 (22 satellites)
* Yaogan 39-02 (3 satellites)
* Acadia 2†
* Starlink G6-17 (22 satellites)
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-04B†
* Starlink G6-18 (22 satellites)
* Starlink G7-3 (21 satellites)
* Yaogan 33-04
* Starlink G6-19 (22 satellites)

October|

* Yaogan 39-03 (3 satellites)
* Starlink G6-21 (22 satellites)
* KuiperSat-1, KuiperSat-2
* THEOS-2, MACSAT
* Starlink G7-4 (21 satellites)
* Psyche
* Starlink G6-22 (22 satellites)
* Starlink G6-23 (22 satellites)
* Starlink G7-5 (21 satellites)
* Starlink G6-24 (23 satellites)
* Yaogan 39-04 (3 satellites)
* Shenzhou 17
* Kosmos 2570 / Lotos-S1 №7 (Kosmos 2571)
* Starlink G7-6 (22 satellites)
* Starlink G6-25 (23 satellites)

November|

* TJS-10
* Starlink G6-26 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G6-27 (23 satellites)
* ChinaSat 6E
* SpaceX CRS-29
* ION SCV-015 (Lemur-2 NANAZ, OSW Cazorla, Unicorn-2J, Unicorn-2K), Aether-1, Aether-2, FalconSAT-X, ICEYE × 4, Pelican-1, B1B2 Barry, Flock-4q × 36, Lemur-2 × 10, PEARL-1C, PEARL-1H, Platform 5, STORK-7 / Aman-1
* O3b mPOWER 5, O3b mPOWER 6
* Haiyang-3A
* Starlink G6-28 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G7-7 (22 satellites)
* Malligyong-1 F3
* Starlink G6-29 (23 satellites)
* Kosmos 2572 / Razdan 1
* Starlink G6-30 (23 satellites)

December|

* Progress MS-25
* ION SCV-012 (Unicorn × 3), EIRSAT-1, Hayasat-1
* Starlink G6-31 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G6-33 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G7-8 (22 satellites)
* Yaogan 39-05 (3 satellites)
* Reusable Experimental Spacecraft
* Yaogan 41
* Starlink G6-34 (23 satellites)
* Kosmos 2573 / Bars-M 5L
* Starlink G6-32 (23 satellites)
* SARah-2, SARah-3
* Shiyan 24C-01, Shiyan 24C-02, Shiyan 24C-03
* BeiDou-3 M25, BeiDou-3 M26
* Kosmos 2574 / Razbeg No.1
* USA-349 / X-37B OTV-7
* Starlink G6-36 (23 satellites)

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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