Orlando Predators

Arena football team

This article is about the defunct Arena Football League team that operated from 1991 to 2016. For the National Arena League team of the same name, see Orlando Predators (2019–).

Orlando Predators

Established 1991
Folded 2016
Played in Amway Center
in Orlando, Florida
OrlandoPredators.com
League/conference affiliations
Arena Football League (1991–2016)

* National Conference (1993–2008)
* American Conference (2010–2016)
* South Division (1992–2015)

Current uniform

Team colors| Black, red, gold, white

Nicknames| Preds
Mascot| Klaw
Personnel
Team history

* Orlando Predators (1991–2016)

Championships
League championships (2)

* 1998, 2000

Conference championships (1)

* 2006

Prior to 2005, the AFL did not have conference championship games
Division championships (9)

* 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2014, 2015

Playoff appearances (23)

* 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Home arena(s)

* Amway Arena (1991–2010)
* Amway Center (2011–2013, 2015–2016)
* CFE Arena (2014)

The Orlando Predators were a professional arena football team based in Orlando, Florida and member of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team was most recently owned by Orlando Predators LLC, a company owned by David A. Siegel, and played its home games at Amway Center.

The team was founded in 1991 as an expansion team of the AFL. The team advanced to the playoffs 19 consecutive seasons between 1992 and 2011, becoming the ArenaBowl champions in 1998 and 2000 during that span. The team suspended operations after the 2016 season.

## History

[edit]

### Early years (1991–1997)

[edit]

There was interest in arena football in Orlando as early as 1987, with a group looking to place an AFL team in central Florida in time for the 1988 season.[1] But more than three years would go by until the Orlando Predators franchise was finally secured by Davey Johnson, Tracy Allen and Mike McBath on February 14, 1991.[2] The Preds began play that same year but missed the playoffs, the only time the club would do so until 2012. In just their second season in 1992, they advanced to ArenaBowl VI,[3] only to fall to the Detroit Drive, who won their fourth title in five years. Annually among the league-leaders in attendance, they qualified for the playoffs in 18 consecutive seasons, the longest streak in the original AFL. One noted administrator for the Predators was Pro Football Hall of Fame lineman, Jack Youngblood, who came to the Predators in 1995 as vice-president and then later, president of the organization. He was with the team through the 1999 season.

### Gruden era / Two titles in four years (1998–2008)

[edit]

For much of their existence in the original AFL, their head coach was Jay Gruden, younger brother of prominent National Football League coach Jon Gruden and who would go on to coach the NFL's Washington Redskins. Jay Gruden was formerly an outstanding Arena Football quarterback, leading the Tampa Bay Storm to four ArenaBowl championships, and then served one year as offensive coordinator for the Nashville Kats prior to becoming head coach of the Predators. Jay was the first quarterback in the AFL Hall of Fame. Orlando won the ArenaBowl in 1998 and 2000 under Gruden's coaching. He then attempted a comeback as a player, but subsequently returned to coaching following the death of his head coach replacement, Fran Papasedero, in a car accident.

The Predators were one of the premier franchises in the history of the original AFL, and had a rivalry with Tampa Bay, who moved to Tampa the same year the Predators formed. They met twice in the ArenaBowl, with Tampa Bay winning in 1995 and Orlando winning in 1998. The rivalry, nicknamed the "War on I-4" after the interstate that connects the two cities, intensified when Gruden took over as Orlando's head coach.

Orlando and Tampa Bay each lasted longer in their markets than any other AFL franchise have, As of 2019[update]. The Predators were unique in that they had played in their previous venue, Amway Arena, for 18 seasons in the AFL, longer than any other team. Amway Arena was often nicknamed "The Jungle" during Predators games due to the hostile environment from the fans, harsh smoke that filled the arena during the players intro, and a Guns N' Roses song which "welcomed" other teams. They shared Amway Arena with the Orlando Magic of the NBA and the Orlando Titans of the NLL. The 2010 season was the Predators' 19th and final season at Amway Arena. The team moved to Amway Center, the new arena in Orlando, for the 2011 season. A Predators game was the final sporting event ever performed at Amway Arena.

The team's mascot was a monster-like human named Klaw who looked much like the alien (Predator) from the Predator films, with only different coloring.

The Predators played in the ArenaBowl a total of seven times. If the Pittsburgh Gladiators' two ArenaBowl games before they moved to Tampa Bay are included, the Storm was the only franchise that played in more (eight; six as the Storm).

During the 2007 season, the Predators inaugurated the "Predator Fan Hall of Fame". The inaugural inductees were Nancy Morris and Richard Grabe. Morris, was a superfan for over 20 years, was known to most of the team and the front office as "The PredMom", and was the president of the Orlando Predator In Your Face Fan Club. Grabe, who also was a superfan (starting in 1991), was the creator of the "PredHeads" that were seen being worn by a select group of fans that sat in section 113 of the old Amway Arena. They were also known for their tailgating parties on "Predator Island" (located in the northeast corner of lot 4 of the Centroplex). After moving to the new Amway Center, the majority of "PredHeads" sat in section 114, and tailgated under I-4 in lot 9.

### Revival of AFL (2010–2016)

[edit]

Predators mascot, Klaw, in 2007

The Predators maintained their organization and web presence after the AFL suspended operations in August 2009. On September 28, 2009, the Predators announced their return to play for the 2010 season as a member of the new Arena Football 1 league, until that league purchased the AFL's assets and assumed the AFL's history.[4] With Jay Gruden obligated to the UFL by his contract with the Tuskers, eventually becoming the team's head coach, they hired former quarterback Pat O'Hara as their head coach for the 2010 season.[5] When the schedule for the league's season was announced on December 31, 2009, the Predators were slated to return to action on April 9, 2010.[6] In the 2010 season, the Predators finished with an 8–8 record. They qualified for the playoffs, but lost the conference championship to the Tampa Bay Storm by a single point as a last-second field goal attempt was unsuccessful.

In 2011, the Predators finished the regular season 11–7, but fell to the Jacksonville Sharks in the conference semifinals by a score of 63–48.

With a 4–14 record in 2012 under first-year head coach Bret Munsey, the Predators missed the playoffs for the first time since their inaugural season in 1991. Following the end of the season, Munsey was released as head coach.[7]

Under Doug Plank for the 2013 season, the Predators lost their first five games of the season. It was then that the team acquired veteran quarterback Aaron Garcia in a trade with the San Jose SaberCats. The Predators went on to win seven of their remaining thirteen games following the trade to finish the season with a 7–11 record, which was good enough to clinch a playoff berth. However, they were eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Philadelphia Soul. With two weeks remaining during the regular season, Brett Bouchy sold his controlling interest in the team to The Pearsall Holdings LP for an undisclosed amount.[8] Plank retired following the season.[9]

The Predators moved to CFE Arena on the campus of the University of Central Florida in 2014,[10] after the Amway Center informed the team that they had defaulted on their lease for failing to meet attendance requirements.[11] On December 25, 2013, the Predators announced that Rob Keefe would become the seventh coach in franchise history.[12] In May 2014, it was announced that majority owner David Pearsall had sold the team to an undisclosed ownership group,[13] but the team was taken over by the AFL. In July 2014, reports began to surface that David A. Siegel had purchased the franchise with the intent to move the team back into the Amway Center.[14] On July 15, 2014, Siegel confirmed his purchase of the Predators.[15]

On December 8, 2014, the Predators suspended head coach Rob Keefe with pay while an investigation was ongoing by the Orange County Sheriff's Office into accusations of domestic violence.[16] The charges were since dropped.

During the week of June 18, 2016, the entire Arena Football League, including the hometown Predators, displayed patches and stickers "ORL" as a remembrance of the victims killed in the Pulse Nightclub massacre.[needs update]

On October 12, 2016, the Orlando Predators announced they had suspended operations due to the reduced number of teams in the AFL and other pending disagreements with the league.[17]

### Revival in the National Arena League (2019)

[edit]

Main article: Orlando Predators (NAL)

In 2019, former Predator Kenny McEntyre launched a new Predators team in the National Arena League.[18] This Predators team would join the third incarnation of the Arena Football League in July 2023 with intent to play in 2024.[19]

### Predator highlights

[edit]

The Predators made Arena Football League history in consecutive weeks during the 1992 season:

* On June 13, 1992, the team defeated the San Antonio Force 50–0. San Antonio kicker Matt Frantz missed six field goals. This is the first game shutout in the history of indoor football. Although there have been shutouts in af2 and other indoor football leagues, it proved to be the only shutout ever recorded in the original AFL.[20]
* On Friday, June 19, 1992, in a Week 4 road game against the Detroit Drive, quarterback Ben Bennett and the Predators trailed 42–32 with only 49 seconds left. In a miraculous feat of strength, wide receiver / defensive back Barry Wagner would catch two touchdown passes, get two two-point conversions, recover an onside kick, and make a game-ending tackle. With a safety added in, Orlando would win, 50–49. The comeback would become known as "The Miracle Minute". On the AFL's 20 Greatest Highlights Countdown, this comeback ranked #1.[21]

## Players

[edit]

The Predators in 2015

### Final roster

[edit]

Orlando Predators roster

Quarterbacks

*  5 Bernard Morris
* 13 Danny Southwick

Fullbacks

* 47 John Martinez

Wide receivers

*  1 Larry Brackins
* 11 LaMark Brown
* 81 Paul Browning
*  4 Greg Carr
* 14 Brandon Thompkins

|  | Offensive linemen

* 65 Chad Anderson
* 62 Sam Longo
* 51 Will Maxwell
* 63 Jordan McCray
* 64 Justin McCray

Defensive linemen

* 90 Monte Lewis
* 56 Willie McGinnis
* 67 Terrance Taylor
* 32 Brandon Tett

|  | Linebackers

* 92 Calvin Fance
*  8 Terence Moore

Defensive backs

* 21 Emanuel Cook
*  9 Kent Richardson
* 10 Varmah Sonie
*  3 Paul Stephens

Kickers

* 18 Mark Lewis

|  | Injured reserve

* 13 Chase Cartwright QB
* 80 Brelan Chancellor WR
* 71 C. J. Cobb OL
* \-- Brandan Green WR
* 12 Randy Hippeard QB
* 24 Arthur Hobbs DB
* 74 Adam Shead OL

Other league exempt

* 90 Austin Brown DL
* \-- Brandon Copeland LB
* \-- T. J. Fatinikun DL
* \-- Montell Garner DB
* \-- Nathan Isles OL
* 78 Erle Ladson OL
* \-- Earl Okine DL
* \-- Khalil Paden WR
* 32 Nick Taylor DB

League suspension

* 77 Logan Harrell DL
* 24 Rod Issac DB

Refused to report

* \-- Donte Paige-Moss DL
* \-- Xavier Proctor DL

Inactive reserve

* 44 Zach Anderson DL
*  2 Darryl Cato-Bishop DL

Recallable reassignment

* Currently vacant

* Rookies in italics
* Roster updated August 5, 2016
* 24 Active, 22 Inactive

### Arena Football Hall of Fame members

[edit]

Orlando Predators Hall of Fame members

No.  | Name  | Year inducted  | Position(s)  | Years with Predators
84 | Carl Aikens Jr. | 2000 | WR/DB | 1992–1993
5 | Ben Bennett | 2000 | QB | 1991–1995
7 | Jay Gruden | 1999 | QB | 2002–2003
– | Perry Moss | 2000 | Head coach | 1991–1997
29 | Durwood Roquemore | 1999 | WR/DB | 1991–1996
?? | Reggie Smith | 2002 | WR/DB | 1991
?? | Stevie Thomas | 2011 | WR/LB | 2000
82 | Barry Wagner | 2011 | WR/DB | 1992–1997, 2007
22 | Herkie Walls | 2000 | WR/DB | 1991–1996

### Individual awards

[edit]

| AFL MVP

Season  | Player  | Position
1995 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB

| AFL Offensive Player of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
1997 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB

| AFL Defensive Player of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
2000 | Kenny McEntyre | DS
2001 | Kenny McEntyre | DS
2004 | Kenny McEntyre | DS
2007 | Greg White | DL

| AFL Rookie of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
2003 | Travis McGriff | OS

| Ironman of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
1992 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
1993 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
1994 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
1995 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
1996 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
1997 | Barry Wagner | WR/DB
2004 | Cory Fleming | WR/LB

| ArenaBowl MVP winners

ArenaBowl  | Player  | Position
XII | Rick Hamilton | FB/LB
XIV | Connell Maynor | QB

| Al Lucas Hero Award

Season  | Player  | Position
2006 | Kenny McEntyre | DS
2011 | Kenny McEntyre | DS

| Lineman of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
2007 | Greg White | DL

| Kicker Player of the Year

Season  | Player  | Position
2004 | Jay Taylor | K

### All-Arena players

[edit]

The following Predators players were named to All-Arena teams:

* QB Ben Bennett (2), Joe Hamilton (1)
* FB/LB Paul McGowan (2), Rick Hamilton (1), Rupert Grant (1)
* WR T. T. Toliver (1), Greg Carr (1), Brandon Thompkins (1)
* WR/DB Barry Wagner (6), Bret Cooper (1)
* WR/LB Cory Fleming (2)
* DL Greg White (1), Daryl Cato-Bishop (1)
* OL/DL Webbie Burnett (1), Rusty Russell (1), Victor Hall (1), Rich McKenzie (1), B. J. Cohen (1), Ernest Allen (3), Jermaine Smith (1), E. J. Burt (1), Henry Taylor (1)
* LB Marlon Moye-Moore (1), Tanner Varner (1), Terence Moore (2)
* DB Kenny McEntyre (2), Rayshaun Kizer (2), Varmah Sonie (1)
* K Jorge Cimadevilla (2), Jay Taylor (1), Carlos Martinez, Mark Lewis (2)
* DS Durwood Roquemore (3), Chris Barber (2), Kenny McEntyre (6), Damon Mason (2)
* OS/KR Herkie Walls (1)
* KR Dominic Jones (1), Brandon Thompkins (2)

### All-Ironman players

[edit]

The following Predators players were named to All-Ironman teams:

* FB/LB Marlon Moye-Moore (2)
* WR/DB Barry Wagner (1)
* WR/LB Barry Wagner (1), Cory Fleming (2)
* OL/DL B. J. Cohen (1), Reggie Lee (1)

### All-Rookie players

[edit]

The following Predators players were named to All-Rookie teams:

* QB Craig Whelihan
* FB Odie Armstrong
* FB/LB Rick Hamilton
* WR/DB Javarus Dudley
* WR/LB Thabiti Davis
* OL/DL Connell Spain, E. J. Burt, Greg White
* OL Bobby Harris
* LB Lance Mitchell
* DB Rayshun Reed, Ahmad Carroll
* OS Siaha Burley, Travis McGriff
* K Nick Gatto, Jay Taylor

## Coaches of note

[edit]

### Head coaches

[edit]

Name  | Term  | Regular season  | Playoffs  | Awards

|
|
|
|

W  | L  | T  | Win%  | W  | L
Perry Moss | 1991–1997 | 59  | 25  | 0  | .702  | 8  | 8  | 1992 & 1994 AFL Coach of the Year
Jay Gruden | 1998–2001, 2004–2008 | 82  | 54  | 0  | .603  | 11  | 7  |
Fran Papasedero | 2002–2003 | 19  | 11  | 0  | .633  | 3  | 2  |
Pat O'Hara | 2010–2011 | 19  | 15  | 0  | .559  | 1  | 2  |
Bret Munsey | 2012 | 4  | 14  | 0  | .222  | 0  | 0  |
Doug Plank | 2013 | 7  | 11  | 0  | .389  | 0  | 1  |
Rob Keefe | 2014–2016 | 35  | 17  | 0  | .673  | 1  | 3  |

### Staff

[edit]

Orlando Predators staff

| Front office

* Owner – David A. Siegel
* President – Jared Saft
* Operations and sponsorships - Darrell Harbin
* General manager of football operations - Michael DiJulio
* Director of ticket sales - Aubrey Jones

|   |  | Head coach

* Head coach – Rob Keefe

Offensive coaches

* Offensive coordinator – Matthew Sauk
* Offensive line coach – Steve Edwards

Defensive coaches

* Defensive line coach – Steve Edwards

## Season-by-season

[edit]

Main article: List of Orlando Predators seasons

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Orlando tosses hat into Arena". Orlando Sentinel. August 4, 1987. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
2. ^ "Arena Football Adds Orlando". Orlando Sentinel. February 14, 1991. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
3. ^ Arthur R. Brown Jr. (August 22, 1992). "Predators strive for win over Drive in ArenaBowl tonight". Lakeland Ledger. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
4. ^ Orlando Predators Back for 2010 Season Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ http://www.cfnews13.com/Sports/CentralFloridaSportsReport/2009/12/22/ohara_to_coach_orlando_predators_in_2010.html[permanent dead link]
6. ^ "2010 Schedule Released". orlandopredators.com. Retrieved May 4, 2018.[permanent dead link]
7. ^ "Predators Announce the Release of Head Coach Bret Munsey". Orlando Predators. August 13, 2012. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
8. ^ Richard Bilbao (July 18, 2013). "Bouchy sells equity in Orlando Predators". The Business Journals. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
9. ^ David Pingalore (November 7, 2013). "Doug Plank resigns as Predators head coach". clickorlando.com. WKMG - Orlando. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
10. ^ Mark Schlueb (December 5, 2013). "Orlando Predators leaving downtown to play at UCF". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
11. ^ March Schlueb (September 4, 2013). "Orlando Predators lose their Amway Center lease". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
12. ^ "Orlando hires ex-Shock coach Keefe". The Spokesman-Review. December 25, 2013. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
13. ^ Alicia DelGallo (May 13, 2014). "Predators seek new ownership, deny report league has taken over team". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 15, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
14. ^ Alicia DelGallo (July 8, 2014). "David Siegel reportedly buys Preds, seeks team's return to Amway Center". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
15. ^ Alicia DelGallo (July 15, 2014). "Time-share mogul David Siegel confirms purchase of Orlando Predators". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
16. ^ Orlando Predators coach Rob Keefe suspended indefinitely Archived 2017-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, Orlando Sentinel
17. ^ "The Orlando Predators have chosen to suspend team operations". Orlando Predators. October 12, 2016. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016.
18. ^ J.C. Carnahan (January 16, 2019). "Kenny McEntyre revives Orlando Predators in National Arena League". Orlando Sentinel.
19. ^ "The Orlando Predators". Orlando Predators Facebook page. July 19, 2023.
20. ^ Richard Oliver (June 17, 2012). "Force's 50–0 loss 20 years ago stands alone". mysanantonio.com. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
21. ^ http://www.arenafootball.com/mediaPlayer/video.dbml?DB_MENU_ID=&SPSID=38064&SPID=3172&DB_OEM_ID=3500&CLIP_ID=31848&CLIP_FILE_ID=35915&CONTENT_TYPE=ONDEMAND[permanent dead link]

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orlando Predators.

* Official website
* Orlando Predators at ArenaFan

* v
* t
* e

Orlando Predators

* Founded in 1991
* Based in Orlando, Florida

Franchise|

* Franchise
* Seasons
* Players

Arenas|

* Amway Arena
* Amway Center
* CFE Arena

Culture|

* War on I-4

Head coaches|

* Moss
* Gruden
* Papasedero
* Gruden
* O'Hara
* Munsey
* Plank
* Keefe

Playoff appearances (23)|

* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2010
* 2011
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016

Division championships (9)|

* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1997
* 2000
* 2002
* 2006
* 2014
* 2015

ArenaBowl appearances (7)|

* VI
* VIII
* IX
* XII
* XIII
* XIV
* XX

Hall of Fame members|

* Carl Aikens Jr.
* Ben Bennett
* Cory Fleming
* Jay Gruden
* Perry Moss
* Durwood Roquemore
* Reggie Smith
* Stevie Thomas
* Barry Wagner
* Herkie Walls

Seasons (25)

1990s|

* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* ~~2009~~

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016

* v
* t
* e

Orlando Predators ArenaBowl XII champions

* Chris Barber
* Webbie Burnett
* David Cool
* Bret Cooper
* Tommy Dorsey
* Eric Drakes
* Corris Ervin
* Jeff Faulkner
* Kevin Gaines
* Bob Gordon
* Franco Grilla
* Sam Hairston
* Bill Hall
* Victor Hall
* Rick Hamilton (MVP)
* Kelvin Ingram
* Kevin Johnson
* Bruce LaSane
* Ty Law
* Reginald Lee
* Damon Mason
* Connell Maynor
* Kenny McEntyre
* Rich McKenzie
* Pat O'Hara
* Jerry Odom
* Jeff Parker
* Howard Smothers
* Connell Spain
* Matt Storm
* Barry Wagner

* Head coach: Jay Gruden

* Coaches: Les Moss

* v
* t
* e

Orlando Predators ArenaBowl XIV champions

* Ernest Allen
* Rodney Brown
* Webbie Burnett
* Butler By'note'
* B. J. Cohen
* David Cool
* Bret Cooper
* Jeff Cothran
* Clif Dell
* Tommy Dorsey
* Joe Douglass
* Troy Dumas
* Curtis Eason
* Bill Hall
* Rick Hamilton
* Ty Law
* Reggie Lee
* Damon Mason
* Dedric Mathis
* Connell Maynor (MVP)
* Jon McCall
* Kenny McEntyre
* Rich McKenzie
* Mark Nonsant
* Pat O'Hara
* Mike Osuna
* Fred Ray
* Matt Storm
* Stevie Thomas
* Antwuan Wyatt

* Head coach: Jay Gruden

* Coaches: Les Moss

* v
* t
* e

Defunct Arena Football League franchises

* Alabama Vipers (2010)
* Anaheim Piranhas (1994–1997)
* Arizona Rattlers (1992–2016)
* Austin Wranglers (2004–2007)
* Bossier–Shreveport Battle Wings (2010)
* Carolina Cobras (2000–2004)
* Charlotte Rage (1992–1996)
* Chicago Bruisers (1987–1989)
* Chicago Politicians (1986)
* Chicago Rush (2001–2013)
* Cincinnati Rockers (1992–1993)
* Cleveland Thunderbolts (1991–1994)
* Colorado Crush (2003–2008)
* Columbus Destroyers (1999–2008)
* Connecticut Coyotes (1995–1996)
* Dallas Desperados (2002–2008)
* Dallas Texans (1990–1993)
* Dallas Vigilantes (2010–2011)
* Denver Dynamite (1987, 1989–1991)
* Detroit Fury (2001–2004)
* Florida Bobcats (1992–2001)
* Fort Worth Cavalry (1994)
* Georgia Force (2002–2008, 2011–2012)
* Grand Rapids Rampage (1998–2008)
* Houston ThunderBears (1996–2001)
* Indiana Firebirds (1990–2004)
* Iowa Barnstormers (2010–2014)
* Jacksonville Sharks (2010–2016)
* Kansas City Brigade/Command (2006–2012)
* Las Vegas Outlaws (2015)
* Los Angeles Avengers (2000–2008)
* Los Angeles Cobras (1988)
* Los Angeles Kiss (2014–2016)
* Massachusetts Marauders (1988–1994)
* Miami Vise (1987)
* Milwaukee Mustangs (1994–2001)
* Milwaukee Iron/Mustangs (2010–2012)
* Minnesota Fighting Pike (1996)
* Nashville Kats (1997–2001, 2005–2007)
* New England Steamrollers (1988)
* New Orleans Night (1991–1992)
* New Orleans VooDoo (2004–2005, 2007–2008, 2011–2015)
* New York Dragons (1995–2008)
* New York Knights (1988)
* Oklahoma Wranglers (1995–2001)
* Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz (2010)
* Orlando Predators (1991–2016)
* Pittsburgh Power (2011–2014)
* Portland Thunder/Steel (2014–2016)
* Rockford Metros (1986)
* San Antonio Force (1992)
* San Antonio Talons (2010–2014)
* San Jose SaberCats (1995–2008, 2011–2015)
* Spokane Shock (2010–2015)
* St. Louis Stampede (1995–1996)
* Tampa Bay Storm (1987–2017)
* Toronto Phantoms (1997–2002)
* Utah Blaze (2006–2008, 2010–2013)
* Washington Commandos (1987–1989)

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