Osijek

City in Osijek-Baranja, Croatia

Osijek

City

Grad Osijek
City of Osijek

Tvrđa

Palace of Slavonian General Command

The City Guard

Saint Michael Church

European Avenue

Osijek Co-cathedral

Ante Starčević Square

Pedestrian bridge

Flag

Coat of arms

Nicknames:

Grad na Dravi (City on Drava), Nepokoreni grad (Unconquered City)

Osijek

Location of Osijek in Croatia

Show map of Osijek-Baranja County

Osijek

Osijek (Croatia)

Show map of Croatia

Osijek

Osijek (Europe)

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Coordinates: 45°33′20″N 18°41′40″E﻿ / ﻿45.55556°N 18.69444°E﻿ / 45.55556; 18.69444
Country| Croatia
County| Osijek-Baranja
Government

• Mayor| Ivan Radić (HDZ)
• City Council|

31 members

* •  HDZ, NL Ante Đapića, ANU (14)
* •  DP, Most (6)
* •  SDP (6)
* •  Možemo! (2)
* •  Snaga SiB (2)
* •  HNS, HSS, NS-R (1)

• Electoral district| IV
Area

[1]

• City

| 174.9 km2 (67.5 sq mi)
• Urban

| 59.1 km2 (22.8 sq mi)
Elevation

| 94 m (308 ft)
Population

(2021)[2]

• City

| 96,313
• Density| 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
• Urban

| 75,535
• Urban density| 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code|

31000

Area code| 31
Vehicle registration| OS
Climate| Cfb
Website| osijek.hr

Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja County. It is also the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021.[3] Osijek lies on the right bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream of its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). Osijek is 16 km (10 mi) west of the border with Serbia.

## Name

[edit]

The city was named for its location on elevated ground, which protected it from flooding by local swamp waters. Its name Osijek derives from the Croatian word oseka, meaning 'ebb tide'. Due to its history within the Habsburg monarchy and briefly in the Ottoman Empire, as well as the presence of German, Hungarian, and Serbian minorities throughout its history, Osijek has (or had) its names in other languages: Eszék in Hungarian, Esseg or Essegg in German, Ösek in Turkish,[4] Mursa in Latin and Esgek in English.[5][spelling?]

## History

[edit]

### Origins

[edit]

The origins of human habitation in the Osijek area date back to Neolithic times,[6] with the first known inhabitants being the Illyrians and, in the second half of the fourth century BC, invading Celtic tribes, the Scordisci.[7]

After the conquest of Pannonia, Osijek, known at the time as Mursa, was under the administration and protection of the Roman 7th legion, which maintained a military castrum at the colony and a bridge over the river Drava. There is evidence that the Roman emperor Hadrian established the settlement from scratch;[8] regardless, he raised Mursa to the status of a colony with special privileges in 133. After that, Mursa had a turbulent history, with several decisive battles took place in its immediate vicinity, which had long-term consequences for the colony and the region, which was already under ever-increasing pressure from the invading Goths and other invading tribes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the destruction of local tribes by the Avar Khaganate in the sixth century, this area was resettled by Slavic tribes.

The earliest recorded mention of Osijek dates back to 1196.[9] The town was a feudal property of the Kórógyi family between 1353 and 1472.[10] After the death of the last Kórógyi, King Matthias Corvinus granted it to the Rozgonyi family. The city was almost destroyed by the Ottoman army on 8 August 1526,[9] just before the Battle of Mohács.[11] A Turkish garrison was installed there in 1529.[12] The Turks rebuilt it in Ottoman oriental style and it was mentioned in the Ottoman census of 1579.[13] In 1566, Suleiman the Magnificent built a famous, 8-km-long wooden bridge of boats in Osijek, considered at that time to be one of the wonders of the world.[14] In the Ottoman Empire, Osijek was part of the Sanjak of Pojega, Budin Eyalet, and became a commercial center as an important conduit for East-West trade.[4]

Following the Second Battle of Mohács in 1687, Osijek was captured by the Habsburg monarchy on 29 September 1687, after more than 150 years of Ottoman rule.[15]

Battle of Osijek, fought on 11 August 1685 between the Imperial Habsburg army, commanded by James, 2nd Count Leslie, and the Turks, resulting in an Habsburg victory Plan of Tvrđa in Osijek 1861 Osijek in the late 17th century Bastion in Tvrđa Osijek 1904

Bombing of Osijek 1944

### Habsburg Empire

[edit]

Osijek Co-cathedral Ante Starčević Square

Osijek was restored to western rule on 29 September 1687, when the Turks were ousted and the city was occupied by the Habsburg Empire.[16] Between 1712 and 1715, Austrian authorities built a new fortress, outer walls, and all five planned bastions (authored by the architect Maximilian de Gosseau) known as Tvrđa,[17] in the heart of the town. Holy Trinity Square is surrounded on the north by the building of the Military Command, on the west by the Main Guard building and on the east by the Magistrate building (presently Museum of Slavonia). In the middle of the square, a monument to the plague was erected in 1729 by General Maximilian Petras' widow.[18]

The Gornji Grad ("Upper Town") was founded in 1692 and Donji Grad ("Lower Town") followed in 1698 settled mostly by the inhabitants from swampy area of Baranja. Tvrđa, Gornji Grad, and Donji Grad continued as separate municipalities until 1786, when they were united into a single entity.[19] In the late 18th century, it took over from Virovitica as the centre of the Virovitica County. The Habsburg empire also facilitated the migration and settlement of German immigrants into the town and region during this period.[20] A particular German city dialect, Essekerisch, formed.[21][20]

In 1809, Osijek was granted the title of a Free Royal City, and during the early 19th century, it was the largest city in Croatia.[22] The city developed along the lines of other central European cities, with cultural, architectural and socioeconomic influences filtering down from Vienna and Buda.[citation needed] At the beginning of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the town was held by the Hungarians, but on 4 February 1849, it was taken by the Austrians under General Baron Trebersberg.[23]

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Osijek was the seat of the Virovitica County[23] of the autonomous territory Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in Austria-Hungary.[24]

During the 19th century, cultural life mostly revolved around the theatre, museums (the first museum, Museum of Slavonia, was opened in 1877 by private donations), collections, and printing houses (the Franciscans).[25] City society, whose development was accompanied by a prosperous economy and developed trade relations, was related to religious festivals, public events (fairs), entertainment, and sports. The Novi Grad (New Town) section of the city was built in the 19th century, as well as Retfala to the west.[citation needed]

### Twentieth century

[edit]

The newest additions to the city include Sjenjak, Vijenac Ivana Meštrovića, Novi Grad and Jug II, which were built in the 20th century. The city's geographical riverside location, and noted cultural and historical heritage – particularly the baroque Tvrđa, one of the most immediately recognizable structures in the region – facilitated the development of tourism. The Osijek oil refinery was a strategic bombing target of the Oil Campaign of World War II.[26]

After the war, the local German-speaking populace was expelled. The daily newspaper Glas Slavonije was relocated to Osijek and has been printed there ever since. A history archive was established in the city in 1947 and GISKO (city library) in 1949. A children's theatre and an art gallery were opened, and the volunteer fire department DVD "Hrvatska Elektroprivreda" founded, in 1950 (separate from the DVD "Vodovod" founded in 1947).[27] As a continuation of the tradition of promoting national heritage, especially in music, society of culture and art, "Pajo Kolarić" was established on 21 March 1954.[citation needed]

Osijek has been connected with the Croatian republic's capital Zagreb and the previous federal capital Belgrade by a modern paved road since 1958. The new Drava bridge to the north was built in 1962.

The first faculty opened in Osijek was Faculty of Economy (in 1959 as Centre for economic studies of the Faculty of Economy in Zagreb),[28] followed immediately by a high school of agriculture, later renamed as Faculty of Agriculture[29] and Faculty of Philosophy.[30] The Faculty of Law was established in 1975.[31] This became the first member of the newly established University of Osijek.

As part of further development as a regional food industry and agricultural centre, a major (working) collective for agriculture and industry was established in 1962. During the 1980s, a new pedestrian suspension bridge over the Drava was built. A regional centre of National Television JRT was also opened.[citation needed]

#### Croatian War of Independence

[edit]

Main article: Battle of Osijek

War of Independence memorial Crveni fićo installation

During the war in Croatia, from 1991 to 1995, the city sustained damage by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serbs, especially to the centre and Co-cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul[32] and to the periphery. About 800 people were killed in the shelling of the town from August 1991 to June 1992.[33] Overall, a total of 1,724 people from Osijek were killed over the course of the war, including 1,327 soldiers and 397 civilians.[34] At least five Croatian officials were condemned for war crimes against Serb civilians in Osijek, including General Branimir Glavaš.[35]

## Climate

[edit]

Osijek has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb).

Since records began in 1981, the highest temperature recorded at the airport at an elevation of 88 metres (289 ft) was 40.6 °C (105.1 °F), on 24 July 2007. The coldest temperature was −26.2 °C (−15.2 °F), on 9 February 2012.[36] The highest temperature recorded in Osijek itself, where records began in 1899, was 40.3 °C (104.5 °F), on both 1 July 1950 and 24 August 2012.[37] The coldest temperature was −27.1 °C (−16.8 °F), on 31 January 1987.[38] From 1981 to 1991, the lowest temperature at the RC Čepin station was −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F), on 31 January 1987.[39] Since records began in 2011, the coldest temperature at the Tvrđavica station was −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F), on 9 February 2012.[40]

Climate data for Osijek (1971–2000, extremes 1899–2014)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 30.9
(87.6)  | 36.0
(96.8)  | 39.6
(103.3)  | 40.3
(104.5)  | 40.3
(104.5)  | 37.1
(98.8)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 21.3
(70.3)  | 40.3
(104.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 3.3
(37.9)  | 6.5
(43.7)  | 12.3
(54.1)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 27.6
(81.7)  | 27.5
(81.5)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 9.4
(48.9)  | 4.7
(40.5)  | 16.5
(61.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −0.2
(31.6)  | 1.8
(35.2)  | 6.4
(43.5)  | 11.2
(52.2)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 19.7
(67.5)  | 21.3
(70.3)  | 20.8
(69.4)  | 16.5
(61.7)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 5.1
(41.2)  | 1.2
(34.2)  | 11.0
(51.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | −2.1
(28.2)  | 1.3
(34.3)  | 5.5
(41.9)  | 10.5
(50.9)  | 13.6
(56.5)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 10.8
(51.4)  | 6.1
(43.0)  | 1.6
(34.9)  | −1.7
(28.9)  | 6.0
(42.8)
Record low °C (°F)  | −27.1
(−16.8)  | −26.4
(−15.5)  | −21
(−6)  | −6.8
(19.8)  | −3
(27)  | 1.0
(33.8)  | 4.7
(40.5)  | 5.1
(41.2)  | −1.2
(29.8)  | −8.6
(16.5)  | −15.7
(3.7)  | −23.2
(−9.8)  | −27.1
(−16.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 41.4
(1.63)  | 35.1
(1.38)  | 40.5
(1.59)  | 51.0
(2.01)  | 59.2
(2.33)  | 82.0
(3.23)  | 65.4
(2.57)  | 61.9
(2.44)  | 51.0
(2.01)  | 56.6
(2.23)  | 61.7
(2.43)  | 49.1
(1.93)  | 654.9
(25.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.3  | 10.6  | 11.2  | 13.0  | 13.3  | 13.4  | 10.6  | 9.9  | 9.4  | 10.5  | 11.7  | 12.3  | 137.2
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 10.3  | 7.8  | 2.1  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 2.2  | 6.5  | 28.9
Average relative humidity (%)  | 87.5  | 81.9  | 74.1  | 71.3  | 70.1  | 70.9  | 69.6  | 71.8  | 76.2  | 79.2  | 86.1  | 88.5  | 77.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.9  | 96.1  | 145.7  | 171.0  | 217.0  | 231.0  | 260.4  | 251.1  | 189.0  | 142.6  | 69.0  | 55.8  | 1,887.6
Percentage possible sunshine | 20  | 34  | 42  | 45  | 52  | 55  | 60  | 61  | 53  | 44  | 25  | 21  | 45
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[41][42]

## Population

[edit]

Historical population
of OsijekYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1880 | 25,260| —
1890 | 27,801| +10.1%
1900 | 33,407| +20.2%
1910 | 40,106| +20.1%
1921 | 42,930| +7.0%
1931 | 51,871| +20.8%
1948 | 58,046| +11.9%
1953 | 66,073| +13.8%
1961 | 84,652| +28.1%
1971 | 109,189| +29.0%
1981 | 123,944| +13.5%
1991 | 129,792| +4.7%
2001 | 114,616| −11.7%
2011 | 108,048| −5.7%
2021 | 96,848| −10.4%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005
Osijek Old Town, Tvrđa Church of Saint Michael The modern urban settlement of Sjenjak Suburban houses

According to the 1910 census, the city had 31,388 inhabitants. The official Austrian census lists 12,625 as Croats, 11,269 as Germans or Danube Swabians, 3,729 as Hungarians, 2,889 as Serbs and 876 others. According to religion, there were 24,976 Roman Catholics, 2,943 Orthodox Christians, 2,340 Jews, 594 Reformed (Calvinists), 385 Evangelicals, 122 Greek Catholics and 28 others.[43][44] After World War II a large part of the Danube Swabian population were expelled as a revenge for their presumed participation in German occupation of Yugoslavia. Their property has become publicly owned and redistributed to the World War II victims.

According to the 1981 census, the total population of the city had reached 104,775, including 63,373 (60.48%) Croats, 13,716 (13.09%) Serbs and 1,521 (1.45%) Hungarians.[45]

Prior to the Croatian War of Independence, the 1991 census recorded a total population of 165,253, composed of 110,934 (67.1%) Croats, 33,146 (20.0%) Serbs, 3,156 (1.9%) Hungarians, 276 (0.16%) Germans, and 17,741 (10.7%) people categorised as Yugoslavs or 'others'.[46]

According to the census of 2001, the total population of Osijek dropped to 114,616. Croats made up the majority of Osijek's citizens, comprising 86.58 per cent of the city's population. Other ethnicities include 8,767 (7.65%) Serbs, 1,154 (1.01%) Hungarians, 480 (0.42%) Albanians, 211 (0.18%) Bosniaks, 175 (0.15%) Montenegrins, 178 (0.16%) ethnic Macedonians, 124 (0.11%) Romani, and others including 24 Jews.[47]

Osijek's population in 2001 included 96,600 (84.28%) Roman Catholics, 78 (0.07%) Eastern-rite Catholics, 8,619 (7.52%) Orthodox Christians, and 966 (0.84%) Muslims and others.[48]

In the census of 2011, the following settlements were recorded:[3]

* Brijest, population 1,187
* Briješće, population 1,318
* Josipovac, population 4,101
* Klisa, population 324
* Nemetin, population 139
* Osijek, population 84,104
* Podravlje, population 357
* Sarvaš, population 1,884
* Tenja, population 7,376
* Tvrđavica, population 578
* Višnjevac, population 6,680

City of Osijek: Population trends 1857–2021

population|

20858

24863

25260

27801

33407

40106

42930

51871

58063

66073

84652

109189

123944

129792

114616

108048

96313

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 1857| 1869| 1880| 1890| 1900| 1910| 1921| 1931| 1948| 1953| 1961| 1971| 1981| 1991| 2001| 2011| 2021

Sources:Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

The city's population is divided into the following units of local administration:[49]

* Local board (mjesni odbor):
* Josipovac
* Višnjevac
* Cvjetno
* Brijest
* Osijek lijeva obala
* Tenja
* Klisa
* Sarvaš

Saponia chemical industry is the largest factory in the Osijek area.

* City neighbourhood (gradska četvrt):
* Retfala
* Gornji grad
* Industrijska četvrt
* Tvrđa
* Novi grad
* Jug II
* Donji grad

## Institutions and industries

[edit]

Eurodom Osijek Portanova Shopping Center

Major institutions in the city include the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek (established in 1975), the Croatian National Theatre, the Museum of Slavonia (established in 1877), and the printing house dating to 1735. The city also has several gymnasiums, the oldest of which dates to 1729, a drawing school from the 19th century, a zoological garden, a centre for the promotion of livestock breeding, and an institute for sugar beet farming.[citation needed]

The Saponia chemical factory is the largest factory in the Osijek area. It is a major producer of detergents, soap and cosmetics whose products are recognized throughout the region as being of quality.[50] It is by far the largest exporter in the city area. Other industries include a regional brewery, the Pivovara Osijek (first Croatian beer), a sugar processing plant, as well as a candy factory Kandit. The Niveta brush factory founded as Siva in 1922 still operates.

The Osijek area used to be much more industrialised and a broad range of goods and products were being manufactured there. One of the earliest factories was the Drava match factory, established in 1856, which no longer exists.[51]

Other industries included production of synthetic materials, agricultural machinery, metal furniture, wood and timber, textiles, footwear, and silk, as well as metal processing and printing. However, the 1990s saw most of these industries decline and in some cases close completely. However, the city remains at the centre of an important agricultural region.[citation needed]

## Politics

[edit]

Normann Palace, today seat of the government of the Osijek-Baranja County Osijek Municipal and County Court

At the November 2007 elections, no party held a majority, which is not unusual for Croatia as local elections have proportional representation. However, the three mathematically possible coalitions had political problems that made coalition building unusually difficult. The November elections were early (izvanredne) elections caused by the breakdown of the coalition of the two main parties, the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) and the Croatian Democratic Assembly of Slavonia and Baranja (HDSSB). The cause of the breakdown was disagreement over the building of a new sports stadium.[52][53]

At the elections held on 25 November 2007, the HSP and the HDSSB gained 7 seats each, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) 6 seats, the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) 4, and the Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS) 1.[54]

A possible coalition between HDSSB and SDP provoked criticism of the Social Democrats for lack of principle such as from Damir Kajin, who called it a 'sellotape coalition', alluding to the charges of war crimes that the HDSSB leader Branimir Glavaš is facing.[55] After the parties failed to agree on a coalition, the Croatian government called new elections for the city.[53] These elections took place on 9 March 2008 and gave the HSP 9 councilors, the HDSSB 6, HDZ, 5, SDP, 3 and a coalition of HNS and two smaller parties 2. Anto Đapić has expressed his hope for a coalition with the HDZ.[56]

### Minority councils

[edit]

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[57] At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Albanians, Hungarians, Germans, Slovaks and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority councils of the City of Osijek while Bosniaks, Macedonians, Montenegrins of Croatia elected individual representatives.[58]

## Society and culture

[edit]

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|

European Avenue Croatian National Theatre, Osijek

### Cultural events

[edit]

Numerous events take place in the city throughout the year. The most important of them are the Croatian Tambura Music Festival (in May), attended by tambura orchestras from all over Croatia and the Osijek Summer Nights (during June, July and August), a series of cultural and entertainment programs in the open, accompanied by food and fairs. The Day of the City of Osijek is celebrated with a cultural and artistic activities and exhibitions.

The surroundings of Osijek provide opportunities for hunting and angling on the Drava river and its backwaters. Hunting in the area known as Kopački Rit (in Baranja) is famous beyond the borders of Croatia.

### Cuisine

[edit]

The abundance of game and agriculture has made Osijek the country's semi-official gastronomical capital. Local dishes include traditional Slavonian-style specialities (kulen, paprika-flavoured sausage, other kinds of sausages, ham, bacon, dairy products), as well as boiled dumplings, venison, slavonski čobanac and fish dishes such as the famous riblji paprikaš (fish stew made with paprika). The two brands of beer brewed in Osijek are Osječko and Esseker.

### Sport and recreation

[edit]

Opus Arena Gradski vrt Hall

The local chapter of the HPS is HPD "Jankovac", founded in 1926, had 245 members in 1936 under the Zlatko Springer presidency, being one of the strongest chapters in the society despite its distance from the nearest mountains. At the time, it had a ski section, a kayak section and a photography section.[59] Membership fell to 241 in 1937,[60]: 248 and further to 213 in 1938. In 1938, the kayak section canoed from Linz to Osijek.[61]: 246

The recreational and sports centre Copacabana, opened in 1980, on the left bank of the Drava river, provides opportunities for various water sports (outdoor swimming pools and a sand beach with various facilities) during the summer months. The city offers various playgrounds: football, handball, basketball, tennis courts, etc. NK Osijek are the city's main football team, which are followed by their supporters group called Kohorta Osijek, playing in the Croatian First League at Gradski vrt stadium. The city is also home to a number of smaller teams including NK Grafičar Vodovod and NK Metalac. Before the Second World War, the city's most successful club was Slavija Osijek, which collapsed in 1941.

A motorcycle speedway stadium existed in City Garden, immediately adjacent to the Gradski vrt, on the north side. The Gradski stadion opened in October 1953 and closed in September 1987,[62] and staged a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1955, 1979 and 1982[63] and a round of the 1977 World Cup.[64]

A new sports hall (Dvorana Gradski vrt) was built as the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship venue. Osijek hosts an extreme sports contest called the "Pannonian challenge", which features competitions in skateboarding, inline skating, freestyle BMX and MTB dirt racing.[65] Osijek hosted the 2017 Davis Cup World Group between Croatia and Spain at the Gradski vrt Hall in February 2017.

The new Opus Arena stadium, with a capacity of 13,005 spectators, was opened on 22 July 2023 with the official match of the first round of the Croatian First League between the NK Osijek and NK Slaven Belupo.

### Tourism, sights and attractions

[edit]

Hotel Osijek

Osijek remains a popular domestic tourist destination for its Baroque style, open spaces and ample recreational opportunities. The most important sights in the city include the main square, Ante Starčević Square, Tvrđa the 18th century Baroque citadel, the promenade along the Drava ("promenada"), and the suspension pedestrian bridge toward Baranja.[66]

The Municipal Park of King Petar Krešimir IV and the Tomislav Park date from the beginning of the 20th century, and are protected national landmarks. Osijek is also home to one of the few Croatian zoological gardens, along the Drava river. The city is home to a monument to Ante Starčević.[67]

The Co-cathedral of St. Peter and Paul is a Neo-Gothic structure with the second highest tower in Croatia after the Zagreb Cathedral. The tower measures 90 m (295.28 ft) and can be seen from throughout Osijek. Because of its size most locals refer to it as the cathedral but it is only a parish church. The Church of St Peter and St Paul was designed by Franz Langenberg and contains 40 stained glass windows, although they are not all intact after the bombing in the 1990s. The church also contains sculptures by Eduard Hauser.[citation needed]

A panoramic view of the pedestrian bridge over the Drava

### Festivals and Events

[edit]

Osijek has become home to several large festivals and events.[citation needed]

## Transport

[edit]

Osijek cable-stayed Drava Highway Bridge, the longest bridge in Croatia. (81 metres longer than the Pelješac bridge).

See also: Osijek tram system

Transport links to and from Osijek include major railway and highway junctions, a river port, and Osijek Airport. International flights from the airport to Cologne/Bonn Airport in Germany commenced in March 2008.[68] A four-lane highway, part of the Pan-European Corridor Vc, linking Osijek to the rest of the Croatian modern highway network, was completed and opened in April 2009. From Osijek, it is possible to take the train and bus to numerous destinations including Zagreb, Rijeka, Požega, Virovitica, Našice, Slavonski Brod, Erdut, Vrpolje, Dalj and Đakovo.[citation needed]

A small tram network runs through the city, which has been in continuous operation since 1884 and is the only tram network still in operation in Croatia outside of Zagreb. The network is currently being completely overhauled and more than doubled in length, and the city's old trams have been thoroughly modernized.[citation needed]

## Notable people

[edit]

Main article: List of people from Osijek

Notable people who were born or have lived in Osijek include:

* Matija Petar Katančić, an 18th-century Croatian writer, professor of archaeology, translator of the Bible into Croatian, and author of the first paper on archaeology in Croatia.
* Josip Juraj Strossmayer, a Croatian Maecenas bishop.[69]
* Franjo Šeper, Archbishop of Zagreb from 1960 to 1968, and Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith from 1968 to 1981.
* Francis, Duke of Teck, a German prince
* sculptor Oscar Nemon
* Adolf Waldinger painter
* Bela Čikoš Sesija painter
* Franjo Kuhač, musicologist
* Franjo Krežma, violinist
* Miroslav Škoro, singer and former politician
* Branko Mihaljević, singer
* Krunoslav Slabinac, singer
* historian Ferdo Šišić
* Snježana Kordić, linguist[69]
* Drago Hedl, investigative journalist and writer
* TV journalist Vladimir Herzog,
* Branko Lustig, Hollywood producer, Academy Award winner for Schindler's List and Gladiator, directed by Steven Spielberg and Ridley Scott, respectively.[69]
* Davor Šuker, footballer
* Franjo Glaser footballer
* Borna Barišić, footballer
* Jasna Šekarić, sport shooter
* Jelena Dokić, tennis player
* Donna Vekić, tennis player
* Lavoslav (Leopold) Ružička, winner of a 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Vladimir Prelog, winner of a 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Andrija Mohorovičić, meteorologist and seismologist
* Milutin Milanković, mathematician and climatologist
* Mijo Kišoatić, famous Croatian mineralogist and petrologist, first doctor of science (Ph.D.) in the field of natural sciences at the University of Zagreb.
* Ante Vukasović, Pedagogue and university professor
* Mia Dimšić, singer

## Acknowledgements

[edit]

### Honorary citizens

[edit]

* 1994: Siegbert Frank, Ćiril Kos, Vladimir Prelog
* 1995: Hans Dietrich Genscher, Bernard M. Luketich
* 1996: Geza Jeszenszky, Alois Mock
* 2001: Julije Knifer
* 2004: Branko Lustig
* 2008: Davor Šuker
* 2012: Ante Gotovina, Mladen Markač
* 2013: Jacques Paul Klein, Ive Mažuran
* 2016: Vladimir Šeks
* 2020: Lőrinc Mészáros

Source[70]

## International relations

[edit]

### Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia

Twin towns sign

Osijek is twinned with:[71]

* Budapest XIII, Hungary (2001)
* Canada Bay, Australia (2018)
* Elbasan, Albania (2015)
* Huanggang, China (2017)
* Lausanne, Switzerland (1997)
* Maribor, Slovenia (1995)
* Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2022)[72]

* Nitra, Slovakia (1997)
* Pécs, Hungary (1972)
* Pforzheim, Germany (1994)
* Ploiești, Romania (1996)
* Prizren, Kosovo (2010)
* Subotica, Serbia (2004)
* Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996)
* Vicenza, Italy (2014)
* Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye (2025)

|

### Partner cities

[edit]

* Novi Sad, Serbia (2002)

## References

[edit]

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. Retrieved 10 March 2010.

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
2. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
3. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Osijek". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
4. ^ a b Özgüven, Burcu (2010). "A Convention Centre on the International Road: The Osijek Fair During the Ottoman Period [Uluslararasi Güzergah Üzerinde Bir Ticari Merkez: Osmanli Döneminde Ösek Panayiri]" (PDF). Alternatif Politika. 2 (1): 1–17\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2018.
5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T. (1879). "Mursa or Mursĭa". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 1178\. ISBN 978-0-19-864201-5. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
6. ^ Obelić, Bogomil; Škrivanko, Marija Krznarić; Marijan, Boško; Bronić, Ines Krajcar (2004). "Radiocarbon dating of Sopot culture sites (Late Neolithic) in eastern Croatia". Radiocarbon. 46 (1): 245–258\. Bibcode:2004Radcb..46..245O. doi:10.1017/S0033822200039564.
7. ^ Dizdar, Marko (2014). "Bronze belt from Osijek". In Guštin, Mitja; David, Wolfgang (eds.). The Clash of Cultures? The Celts and the Macedonian World (PDF). Schriften des kelten römer museums manching 9. Manching: Kelten Römer Museums. p. 189–200, page 189. ISBN 978-3-9812891-8-3.
8. ^ Leleković, Tino (2017). "Hadrian and Mursa: The last colony". In Láng, Orsolya (ed.). Hadrianus MCM: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Occasion of the 1900th Anniversary of the Emperor Hadrian's Accession to the Throne. Budapest: Budapest History Museum. pp. 83–98, page 84. ISBN 978-615-5341-92-2.
9. ^ a b Stallaerts, Robert (28 February 2010). Historical dictionary of Croatia. Scarecrow Press. p. 239\. ISBN 978-0-8108-6750-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
10. ^ "Middle Ages". City of Osijek: History. City of Osijek. 2010. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013.
11. ^ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Vol. 3\. American Philosophical Society. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-87169-161-3.
12. ^ Mažuran, Ive (1958). "Turska osvajanja u Slavoniji (1526–1552)" [Turkish conquests in Slavonia (1526–1552)]. Osječki zbornik (in Croatian). 6: 93–134, pages 114–115.
13. ^ Jelinic, Srecko (2002). "Popis Sandžaka Požega — 1579" [Register of Sandzak Pozega from 1579]. Pravni Vjesnik (in Croatian). 18: 337–338.
14. ^ Dorling, Kindersley; Zopp, Leandro (6 June 2011). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Croatia. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 189\. ISBN 978-1-4053-6071-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
15. ^ "Osijek after the Turks". City of Osijek: History. City of Osijek. 2010. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013.
16. ^ Bousfield, Jonathan (July 2003). Rough guide to Croatia. Rough Guides. p. 126\. ISBN 978-1-84353-084-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
17. ^ Oliver, Jeanne (15 March 2005). Croatia. Lonely Planet. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-74059-487-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
18. ^ Olson, Karen Tormé; Olson, Sanja Bazulic (14 April 2006). Frommer's Croatia. Frommer's. p. 307\. ISBN 978-0-7645-9898-2. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
19. ^ Osijek-history
20. ^ a b Kordić, Snježana (1991). "Germanizmi u osječkom govoru danas" [Germanisms in modern Osijek speech] (PDF). In Andrijašević, Marin; Vrhovac, Yvonne (eds.). Prožimanje kultura i jezika (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Hrvatsko društvo za primijenjenu lingvistiku. p. 89\. OCLC 443222199. S2CID 64774247. SSRN 3434569. CROSBI 447532. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
21. ^ Hans Gehl: Die deutschen Stadtsprachen in Temeswar und Esseg. In: Velimir Petrović (Hrsg.): Essekerisch: Das Osijeker Deutsch. Edition Praesens, Wien 2001, S. 127–144.
22. ^ Dorling, Kindersley; Zopp, Leandro (6 June 2011). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Croatia. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 190\. ISBN 978-1-4053-6071-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
23. ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Esseg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 778.
24. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Croatia-Slavonia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 471.
25. ^ Demo, Željko (1994). Ostrogothic coinage from collections in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Narodni Muzej. ISBN 9788680651156. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
26. ^ Raiford, Neil Hunter (October 2004). Shadow: a Cottontail bomber crew in World War II. McFarland. p. 181\. ISBN 978-0-7864-1906-7. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
27. ^ Jagodin, Nikola; Runjić, Vedran (2022). "Popis vatrogasnih organizacija s datumima osnivanja" [List of Firefighting Organisations with Date of Founding]. Muzej hrvatskog vatrogastva (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 30 January 2023.
28. ^ "Ekonomski fakultet u Osijeku | EFOS – Povijest fakulteta". Efos.hr. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
29. ^ "Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku". Pfos.hr. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
30. ^ "Filozofski fakultet u Osijeku". Web.ffos.hr. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
31. ^ "Faculty of Law in Osijek – Content". Pravos.hr. 26 November 2007. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
32. ^ Župna crkva Sv. Petra i Pavla Apostola u Osijeku
33. ^ Jegen, Mary Evelyn (1996). Sign of Hope: the Center for Peace, Nonviolence and Human Rights in Osijek. Uppsala, Sweden: Life & Peace Institute. p. 14\. ISBN 978-91-87748-34-9.
34. ^ Amoreta, Bajto (28 June 2012). "Dan osječkih branitelja: "Opća opasnost" večeras". HRT. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
35. ^ Former war mayor Branimir Glavas is sentenced on 9 years of jail and he is war criminal fugitive now. Osječka Hvidra osudila uhićenje svojih članova[permanent dead link], seebiz.eu; accessed 20 January 2016. (in Croatian)
36. ^ DHMZ (21 January 2022). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
37. ^ DHMZ (19 July 2022). "Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
38. ^ DHMZ (21 January 2022). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
39. ^ DHMZ (21 January 2022). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
40. ^ DHMZ (21 January 2022). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
41. ^ "Osijek Climate Normals" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
42. ^ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Osijek u razdoblju1899−2014" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
43. ^ László Zentai and Pál Kósa (eds.) Talma Kiadó Atlas and Gazetteer of Historic Hungary 1914 Archived 14 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Talma Kiadó, 2001
44. ^ Statisztikai közlemények, 42. kötet (új sorozat), Budapest, 1912 Archived 29 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
45. ^ Stanovništvo prema nacionalnom sastavu i tipu naselja, popis 1981.
46. ^ Popis stanovništva 1991, Republički zavod za statistiku – Zagreb
47. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2001 Census: County of Osijek-Baranja". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2001. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
48. ^ "Population by Religion, by Towns/Municipalities, 2001 Census: County of Osijek-Baranja". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2001. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
49. ^ "Mjesni odbori i gradske četvrti" (in Croatian). City of Osijek. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
50. ^ Sharma, Soumitra (1997). Restructuring Eastern Europe: the microeconomics of the transition process. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 144\. ISBN 978-1-85898-576-3. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
51. ^ Yugoslavia. Komisija za Ekonomsku Historiju Jugoslavije (1 January 1985). Acta historico-oeconomica Iugoslaviae: časopis za ekonomsku povijest Jugoslavije. Komisija za ekonomsku historiju Jugoslavije. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
52. ^ "Šutnja u Osijeku". Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2008.
53. ^ a b "Government calls early elections in Osijek for 9 March". Government of the Republic of Croatia. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2008.
54. ^ Osijek: Pokušaj riješavanja krize[permanent dead link], Hrvatska radiotelevizija, 26 December 2007; accessed 13 January 2008
55. ^ IDS osuđuje trgovinu Vlade i Osijeka[permanent dead link], Hrvatska radiotelevizija, 21 December 2007; accessed 13 January 2008
56. ^ HSP najjači u Osijeku Archived 11 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, vijesti.hrt.hr; accessed 20 January 2016.(in Croatian)
57. ^ "Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije". T-portal. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
58. ^ "Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. XIV. OSJEČKO-BARANJSKA ŽUPANIJA" (PDF) (in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. pp. 15–18\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
59. ^ Plaček, Josip (1936) [1936-05-15]. ""Jankovac" — Osijek" (PDF). Hrvatski planinar (in Croatian). Vol. 32, no. 7–8\. p. 239\. ISSN 0354-0650.7–8&rft.pages=239&rft.date=1936&rft.issn=0354-0650&rft.aulast=Plaček&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193607.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Osijek" class="Z3988">
60. ^ Plaček, Josip (1937) [1937-05-05]. "Izvještaj tajnika" (PDF). Hrvatski planinar (in Croatian). Vol. 33, no. 7–8\. pp. 221–252\. ISSN 0354-0650.7–8&rft.pages=221-252&rft.date=1937&rft.issn=0354-0650&rft.aulast=Plaček&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193707.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Osijek" class="Z3988">
61. ^ Plaček, Josip (1938) [1938-05-05]. "Izvještaj tajnika" (PDF). Hrvatski planinar (in Croatian). Vol. 34, no. 7–8\. pp. 222–254\. ISSN 0354-0650.7–8&rft.pages=222-254&rft.date=1938&rft.issn=0354-0650&rft.aulast=Plaček&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193807.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Osijek" class="Z3988">
62. ^ "For many of us, a big dream has come true". Glas Slavonije. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
63. ^ "History Speedway and Longtrack". Speedway.org. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
64. ^ "1977 World Team Cup". International Speedway. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
65. ^ Horvat, Karmen (23 November 2007). "Osijek sports hall construction contract signed". Javno.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
66. ^ "20 great things to do in Osijek | Things to do | Time Out Croatia". Time Out Croatia. Archived from the original on 3 November 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
67. ^ "Osječani rekli "Da" spomeniku Ocu Domovine – na glavnom trgu otkriven spomenik dr. Anti Starčeviću". City of Osijek. 13 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Osijek.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Osijek.

* Official web site Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (in Croatian and English)
* Osijek 031 city portal (in Croatian)
* Osijek Online Archived 11 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (in Croatian)
* Osijek tourist information Archived 26 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine (in Croatian and English)

* v
* t
* e

Osijek

History|

* History of Osijek
* Tvrđa
* Croatian War of Independence
* Mayors

Coat of arms of Osijek

Districts|

* Donji grad
* Gornji grad
* Industrijska četvrt
* Jug II
* Novi grad
* Retfala
* Tvrđa

Suburbs|

* Brijest
* Briješće
* Josipovac
* Klisa
* Nemetin
* Podravlje
* Sarvaš
* Tenja
* Tvrđavica
* Višnjevac

Buildings and
landmarks|

* Ante Starčević Square
* City Guard
* County Palace
* Eurodom
* European Avenue
* Franjo Tuđman Bridge
* Pedestrian bridge
* Pejačević Castle
* Portanova
* Normann Palace
* Slavonian Command Palace
* Statue of the Holy Trinity

Churches|

* Co-cathedral
* St. Roch's Church (Gornji grad)
* St. Roch's Church (Donji grad)
* St. Michael's Church
* Glorious Name of Mary's Church
* St. Family's Church
* St. Joseph the Worker's Church
* St. Cross Tump's Church
* St. Leopold Bogdan Mandić's Church
* St. Osijek Martyrs's Church
* Sts. Cyril and Methodius's Church
* Martyrdom of John the Baptist's Church
* St. Luke's Church
* Dormition of the Mother of God

Culture|

* Croatian National Theatre in Osijek
* Branko Mihaljević Children's Theatre
* City and University Library
* State Archives in Osijek

Galleries and
museums|

* Gallery of fine arts
* Gallery Waldinger
* Gallery Vernissage
* Archaeological museum
* Museum of Slavonia

Education|

* University of Osijek
* Art
* Agriculture
* Civil Engineering
* Economics
* Electrical Engineering
* Food Technology
* Law
* Medicine
* Philosophy
* I Gymnasium Osijek
* II Gymnasium Osijek
* III Gymnasium Osijek
* Jesuit Classical Gymnasium in Osijek

Sports venues|

* Gradski vrt Hall
* Zrinjevac Sport Hall
* Jug Sport Hall
* Opus Arena
* Gradski vrt stadium

Transport|

* Osijek Airport
* Railway station
* Bus station
* Osijek tram

Festivals|

* Urban Fest

Neighboring municipalities|

* Darda
* Bilje
* Erdut
* Trpinja
* Šodolovci
* Antunovac
* Čepin
* Petrijevci

* v
* t
* e

County seats of Croatia

|  |

Bjelovar, Bjelovar-Bilogora
Slavonski Brod, Brod-Posavina
Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva
Pazin, Istria

Karlovac, Karlovac
Koprivnica, Koprivnica-Križevci
Krapina, Krapina-Zagorje
Gospić, Lika-Senj

Čakovec, Međimurje
Osijek, Osijek-Baranja
Požega, Požega-Slavonia
Rijeka, Primorje-Gorski Kotar

Sisak, Sisak-Moslavina
Split, Split-Dalmatia
Šibenik, Šibenik-Knin
Varaždin, Varaždin

Virovitica, Virovitica-Podravina
Vukovar, Vukovar-Srijem
Zadar, Zadar
Zagreb, Zagreb

|
|
|
|
|

* v
* t
* e

Cities and towns of Croatia by population

100,000+|

* Rijeka
* Split
* Zagreb

Coat of arms of Croatia

50,000+|

* Osijek
* Pula
* Slavonski Brod
* Velika Gorica
* Zadar

30,000+|

* Bjelovar
* Dubrovnik
* Karlovac
* Kaštela
* Samobor
* Šibenik
* Sisak
* Varaždin
* Vinkovci

15,000+|

* Čakovec
* Đakovo
* Dugo Selo
* Koprivnica
* Križevci
* Kutina
* Metković
* Petrinja
* Poreč
* Požega
* Sinj
* Solin
* Sveta Nedelja
* Virovitica
* Vukovar
* Zaprešić

10,000+|

* Crikvenica
* Daruvar
* Duga Resa
* Gospić
* Ivanec
* Ivanić-Grad
* Jastrebarsko
* Kastav
* Knin
* Krapina
* Labin
* Makarska
* Našice
* Nova Gradiška
* Novi Marof
* Novska
* Ogulin
* Omiš
* Opatija
* Popovača
* Rovinj
* Slatina
* Sveti Ivan Zelina
* Trogir
* Umag
* Vrbovec

* v
* t
* e

Subdivisions of Osijek-Baranja County

Cities and towns|

* Beli Manastir
* Belišće
* Đakovo
* Donji Miholjac
* Našice
* Osijek (seat)
* Valpovo

Coat of arms of Osijek-Baranja County

Municipalities|

* Antunovac
* Bilje
* Bizovac
* Čeminac
* Čepin
* Darda
* Donja Motičina
* Draž
* Drenje
* Đurđenovac
* Erdut
* Ernestinovo
* Feričanci
* Gorjani
* Jagodnjak
* Kneževi Vinogradi
* Koška
* Levanjska Varoš
* Magadenovac
* Marijanci
* Petlovac
* Petrijevci
* Podgorač
* Podravska Moslavina
* Popovac
* Punitovci
* Satnica Đakovačka
* Semeljci
* Strizivojna
* Šodolovci
* Trnava
* Viljevo
* Viškovci
* Vladislavci
* Vuka

* v
* t
* e

Illyrians

| Tribes|

* Albani
* Amantes
* Amantini
* Ardiaei
* Docleatai
* Labeatae
* Atintanians
* Autariatae
* Azali
* Balaites
* Baridustae
* Bassanitae
* Breuci
* Bylliones
* Daesitiates
* Dalmatae
* Tariotes
* Daorsi
* Dardani
* Galabri
* Thuantai
* Dassaretii
* Enchelei
* Eneti
* Grabaei
* Iapodes
* Iapygians
* Dauni
* Messapi
* Peuceti
* Mazaei
* Narensi
* Osseriates
* Parthini
* Penestae
* Pirustae
* Sardiatae
* Siculotae
* Taulantii
* Abroi

|

People|

* Agron
* Anastasius I Dicorus
* Artas of Messapia
* Astius
* Audata
* Aurelian
* Ballaios
* Baraliris
* Bardylis
* Bardylis II
* Bato the Breucian
* Bato the Daesitiate
* Bato Dardani
* Bircenna
* Caeria
* Caius
* Caravantius
* Celer
* Cleitus
* Constantine the Great
* Constantius Chlorus
* Constantius II
* Cynane
* Dando
* Demetrius of Pharos
* Diocletian
* Eleutherius and Antia
* Epulon
* Etuta
* Flavianus
* Galaurus
* Gentius
* Glaucias of Taulantii
* Grabos I
* Grabos II
* Gratian
* Gratianus Funarius
* Irenaeus of Sirmium
* Jerome
* Jovian
* Justin I
* Justinian I
* Longarus
* Marcellinus Comes
* Monounios
* Monunius
* Mytilos
* Peter the Patrician
* Pinnes
* Plator
* Pleuratus I
* Pleuratus II
* Pleuratus III
* Pleurias
* Scerdilaidas
* Sirras
* Tacitus
* Teuta
* Triteuta
* Valens
* Valentinian I
* Valentinian II

Political entities|

* Ardiaean-Labeatan
* Autariatan
* Dardanian
* Kingdom
* Dassaretan
* Enchelean
* Illyrian kingdom
* Taulantian

Geography
(cities/settlements)|

* Acruvium (Kotor)
* Ad Acroceraunia
* Ad Quintum
* Albanopolis
* Amantia
* Andetrium
* Antipatreia
* Apollonia
* Arduba
* Arnissa
* Aspalathos (Split)
* Aulon
* Bargulum
* Bassania
* Berat
* Bouthoe
* Brundisium
* Bushat
* Byllis
* Chinna
* Chrysondyon
* Creonion
* Damastion
* Daorson
* Lower Neretva
* Dardana Fortress
* Delminium
* Desilo (Lower Neretva)
* Dimale
* Doclea
* Doracium
* Dresnik
* Duboc
* Dukat
* Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus (Durrës)
* Enkelana
* Epicaria
* Eugenium
* Gertus
* Hedum castellum
* Hija e Korbit
* Iader or Idassa (Zadar)
* Kinna
* Kodrion
* Kratul
* Lissus (Lezhë)
* Lofkënd
* Lychnidus
* Matohasanaj
* Meteon
* Mursa (Osijek)
* Nareste
* Nikadin
* Nikaia (Klos)
* Oneum
* Oria
* Oricum
* Palaeste
* Parthus
* Pelion
* Persqopi
* Petra
* Pituntium
* Pogradec (Castle)
* Pola (Pula)
* Poslishte
* Promona
* Rabije
* Ragusa
* Rhizon
* Romajë
* Runik
* Salona
* Salvia
* Scampa (Elbasan)
* Selcë e Poshtme
* Sesarethus
* Setovia
* Scodra (Shkodër)
* Thronion
* Tilurium
* Tragurion (Trogir)
* Triport
* Tsangon
* Ugento
* Ulkinium
* Ulpiana
* Uscana
* Vendenis
* Zgërdhesh (? Albanopolis)

Culture|

* Central Bosnian cultural group
* Coinage
* Daunian stele
* Education
* Fibulae
* Glasinac-Mati culture
* Gradistë belt-plate
* Monte Saraceno woman
* Pileus
* Pottery
* Daunian
* Desilo
* Messapian
* Peucetian
* Soleto Map
* Spectacle brooch
* Tombs
* Boka-Përçeva
* Selca e Poshtme
* Trebeništa masks
* Vače Belt-Plate
* Vače Situla
* Tattooing
* Albanian traditional tattooing
* Sicanje

Religion and mythology|

* Religion
* Andinus
* Bindus
* Deipaturos
* Zojz
* En
* Medaurus
* Perëndi
* Prende
* Tomorr
* Nymphaion
* Swastika

Warfare and weaponry|

* Illyrian invasion of Epirus
* Alexander's Balkan campaign
* Siege of Pelium
* Dardanian–Bastarnic war
* Invasions of Epidamnus
* Illyro-Roman Wars
* Roman-Macedonian wars
* Battles
* Erigon Valley
* Lyncestis
* Paxos
* Pharos
* Phoenice
* Roman–Dalmatian wars
* Caesar's civil war
* Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC)
* Batonian War
* Desilo shipyard
* Helmet
* Lembus
* Liburna
* Sibyna
* Sica
* Sieges
* Issa
* Medion
* Oricum

Language|

* Illyrian
* Proposed vocabulary

Roman period|

* Illyrian emperors
* Dioceses
* Dacia
* Illyricum
* Macedonia
* Prefectures
* Illyricum
* Provinces
* Dardania
* Delmatia
* Epirus Nova
* Illyricum
* Macedonia
* Moesia Superior
* Pannonia
* Pannonia Inferior
* Pannonia Prima
* Pannonia Savia
* Pannonia Secunda
* Pannonia Superior
* Sirmium

Other|

* Illyrology
* Origin of the Albanians
* Albanian paganism
* History of the Balkans
* Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

Lists|

* People
* Tribes
* Illyrian tribes
* Settlements

* Timeline
* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

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