Outline of botany

Overview of and topical guide to botany

The following outline is an overview of and topical guide to botany, the biological academic discipline involving the study of plants.

## Core concepts

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* Bud
* Cell wall
* Chlorophyll
* Chloroplast
* Flora
* Flower
* Fruit
* Forest
* Leaf
* Meristem
* Photosynthesis
* Plant
* Plant cell
* Pollen
* Seed
* Seedling
* Spore
* Tree
* Vine
* Wood

## Subdisciplines

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Branches of botany

* Agronomy
* Bryology (mosses and liverworts)
* Dendrology (woody plants)
* Economic botany
* Ethnobotany
* Horticulture
* Lichenology (lichens)
* Mycology (fungi)
* Paleobotany
* Palynology (spores and pollen)
* Phycology (algae)
* Phytosociology
* Plant anatomy
* Plant ecology
* Plant evolution
* Plant genetics
* Plant morphology
* Plant pathology
* Plant physiology
* Plant taxonomy
* Pteridology (ferns)

## History

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* History of botany
* History of plant systematics

## Major plant groups

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* Algae
* Cyanobacteria
* Brown algae
* Charophyta
* Chlorophyta
* Desmid
* Diatom
* Red algae
* Green algae
* Bryophytes
* Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
* Bryophyta (mosses)
* Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
* Pteridophytes
* Lycopodiophyta (club mosses)
* Pteridophyta (ferns and horsetails)
* Rhyniophyta (early plants)
* Gymnosperms
* Pteridospermatophyta (seed ferns)
* Cycadophyta
* Ginkgophyta
* Gnetophyta
* Pinophyta (conifers)
* Angiosperms
* Dicotyledon
* Asteraceae (sunflowers)
* Cactaceae (cacti)
* Fabaceae (legumes)
* Lamiaceae (mints)
* Rosaceae (roses)
* Monocotyledon
* Araceae (aroids)
* Arecaceae (palms)
* Iridaceae (irises)
* Orchidaceae (orchids)
* Poaceae (grasses)

### Lists

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* List of culinary fruits
* List of edible seeds
* List of culinary herbs and spices
* List of culinary nuts
* List of vegetables
* List of woods

## General species concepts

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* Plant taxonomy
* Cultivated plant taxonomy
* List of systems of plant taxonomy
* Clades
* Monophyletic
* Polyphyletic
* Speciation
* Isolating mechanisms
* Concept of species
* Species problem

## Notable botanists

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In alphabetical order by surname:

* Aristotle
* Arthur Cronquist (angiosperm evolution)
* Charles Darwin (formulated modern theory of evolution)
* Carl Linnaeus (father of systematics)
* Gregor Mendel (father of genetics)
* John Ray
* G. Ledyard Stebbins (angiosperm evolution)
* Theophrastus (uses and classification)
* Robert Thorne (angiosperm evolution)
* Gilbert White
* List of Russian botanists

## Scholarly societies

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* American Society of Plant Biologists

## External links

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* Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
* Plant growth and the plant cell from Kimball's Biology Pages
* Botanical Society of America: What is Botany?
* Science & Plants for Schools
* Teaching Documents about Botany Teaching documents, lecture
* Why study Plants? Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge

Flora and other plant catalogs or databases

* The Virtual Library of Botany
* High quality pictures of plants and information about them from Catholic University of Leuven
* Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1790–1856
* The Trees Of Great Britain and Ireland, by Henry John Elwes & Augustine Henry, 1906–1913
* Botanik-Datenbank (ger.)
* Plant Directory (ger.)
* USDA plant database
* The Linnean Society of London
* Native Plant Information Network

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Botany

* History
* Outline

Subdisciplines|

* Archaeobotany
* Astrobotany
* Bryology
* Dendrology
* Ethnobotany
* Paleobotany
* Phycology
* Phytochemistry
* Phytogeography
* Geobotany
* Plant anatomy
* Plant ecology
* Plant intelligence
* Plant pathology
* Plant physiology

Plant groups|

* Algae
* Archaeplastida
* Bryophyte
* Non-vascular plants
* Vascular plants
* Fern
* Lycophyte
* Spermatophytes
* Gymnosperm
* Angiosperm

Plant anatomy

* Plant morphology
(glossary)

| Plant cells|

* Cell wall
* Phragmoplast
* Plastid
* Plasmodesma
* Vacuole

|

Tissues|

* Cork
* Ground tissue
* Mesophyll
* Meristem
* Storage organs
* Vascular tissue
* Vascular bundle
* Wood

Vegetative|

* Bulb
* Root
* Rhizoid
* Rhizome
* Shoot
* Bud
* Leaf
* Cataphyll
* Petiole
* Sessility
* Stem

Reproductive
(incl. Flower)|

* Archegonium
* Antheridium
* Androecium
* Pollen
* Stamen
* Anther
* Filament
* Staminode
* Tapetum
* Flower
* Aestivation
* Flower development
* Floral diagram
* Floral formula
* Floral symmetry
* Whorl
* Fruit
* Anatomy
* Berry
* Capsule
* Nut
* Pyrena
* Seed
* Dispersal
* Endosperm
* Gametophyte
* Gynandrium
* Gynoecium
* Carpel
* Ovary
* Locule
* Ovule
* Stigma
* Style
* Hypanthium (Floral cup)
* Inflorescence
* Bract
* Pedicellate
* Raceme
* Umbel
* Perianth
* Tepal
* Petal
* Sepal
* Plant embryo
* Receptacle
* Sporophyll
* Sporophyte

Surface structures|

* Cuticle
* Epicuticular wax
* Epidermis
* Nectar
* Stoma
* Thorns, spines, and prickles
* Trichome

Plant physiology
Materials|

* Aleurone
* Apical dominance
* Bulk flow
* Cellulose
* Nutrition
* Photosynthesis
* Chlorophyll
* Phytomelanin
* Plant hormones
* Respiration
* Gas Exchange
* Cellular respiration
* Sap
* Starch
* Sugar
* Transpiration
* Turgor pressure

Plant growth
and habit|

* Habit
* Cushion plants
* Rosettes
* Shrubs
* Prostrate shrubs
* Subshrubs
* Succulent plants
* Trees
* Vines
* Lianas
* Herbaceous plants
* Secondary growth
* Woody plants

Reproduction

* Evolution
* Ecology

* Alternation of generations
* Double fertilization
* Evolutionary development
* Evolutionary history
* timeline
* Flora
* Germination
* Pollination
* Artificial
* Pollinators
* Pollen tube
* Self
* Sporangium
* Microsporangia
* Microspore
* Megasporangium
* Megaspore
* Spore

Plant taxonomy|

* Biological classification
* Botanical nomenclature
* Botanical name
* Correct name
* Author citation
* International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
* ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
* Cultivated plant taxonomy
* Citrus taxonomy
* Cultigen
* Cultivar
* Group
* Grex
* History of plant systematics
* Herbarium
* International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT)
* Plant taxonomy systems
* Taxonomic rank

Practice|

* Agronomy
* Floriculture
* Forestry
* Horticulture
* Phytochemical

* Lists
* Related

* Botanical terms
* Botanists
* by author abbreviation
* Botanical expeditions
* Individual trees
* Oldest trees
* Superlative trees
* Tallest trees
* Plants

* Category

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Wikipedia outlines

* General reference

* Culture and the arts
* Geography and places
* Health and fitness
* History and events
* Mathematics and logic
* Natural and physical sciences
* People and self
* Philosophy and thinking
* Religion and belief systems
* Society and social sciences
* Technology and applied sciences

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