Outline of forgery

Overview of and topical guide to forgery

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to forgery:

Forgery - process of making, adapting, or imitating objects, statistics, or documents with the intent to deceive.

## Types of forgery

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* Archaeological forgery
* Art forgery
* Black propaganda — false information and material that purports to be from a source on one side of a conflict, but is actually from the opposing side
* Counterfeiting
* Counterfeit money — types of counterfeit coins include the cliché forgery, the fourrée and the slug
* Counterfeit consumer goods
* Counterfeit medication
* Counterfeit watches
* Unapproved aircraft parts
* Watered stock
* False documents
* Forgery as a covert operation
* Identity document forgery
* Fake passport
* Literary forgery
* Fake memoirs
* Pseudopigraphy — the false attribution of a work, not always as an act of forgery
* Musical forgery — music allegedly written by composers of past eras, but actually composed later by someone else
* Philatelic forgery — fake stamps produced to defraud stamp collectors
* Signature forgery

## Legality of forgery

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### Kenya

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* Forgery of Foreign Bills Act 1803
* Forgery Act 1830
* Forgery, Abolition of Punishment of Death Act 1832
* Forgery Act 1837
* Forgery Act 1861
* Forgery Act 1870
* Forgery Act 1913
* Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981

### International

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* Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
* Council of Europe Convention on the Counterfeiting of Medical Products

### Related offences

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* Phishing — impersonating a reputable organization via electronic media, which often involves creating a replica of a trustworthy website
* Uttering — knowingly passing on a forgery with the intent to defraud

## Detection and prevention of forgery

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### Anti-counterfeiting agencies and organisations

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* Authentics Foundation — an international non-governmental organization that raises public awareness of counterfeits
* Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group — an international group of central banks that investigates emerging threats to the security of banknotes
* Counterfeit Coin Bulletin — a now-defunct publication of the American Numismatic Association
* Alliance Against Counterfeit Spirits — the trade association for the worldwide spirit industry's protection against counterfeit produce
* Philatelic Foundation — a major source of authentication for rare and valuable postage stamps
* United States Secret Service — the agency responsible for the prevention and investigation of counterfeit U.S. currency
* Verified-Accredited Wholesale Distributors — a program that offers accreditation to wholesale pharmaceutical distribution facilities

### Tools and techniques

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* Authentication — the act of confirming the truth of an attribute of a single piece of data claimed to be true by an entity.
* Counterfeit banknote detection pen — uses an iodine-based ink that reacts with the starch found in counterfeit banknotes
* EURion constellation — a pattern of symbols incorporated into banknote designs, which can be detected by imaging software
* Geometric lathe — a 19th-century lathe used for making ornamental patterns on the plates used in printing banknotes and stamps
* Microprinting — very small text hidden on banknotes or cheques, that is difficult to accurately reproduce
* Optical variable device — an iridescent image that cannot be photocopied or scanned
* Optically variable ink — ink that appears to change color depending on the angle it is viewed from
* Philatelic expertisation — the process whereby an expert is asked to give an opinion on whether a philatelic item is genuine
* Questioned document examination — a forensic science discipline that attempts to answer questions about disputed documents
* Security printing — the field of the printing industry that deals with the printing of items such as banknotes and identity documents
* Security thread — a thin ribbon threaded through a banknote, that appears as a solid line when held up to the light
* Taggant — a radio frequency microchip that can be tracked and identified
* Watermark — a recognizable image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness when viewed

## Examples of forgery

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### Archaeological forgery

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* Acámbaro figures — over 32,000 ceramic figurines which appear to provide evidence for the co-existence of dinosaurs and humans
* Archaeoraptor — the supposed "missing link" between birds and tetrapod dinosaurs; constructed by rearranging pieces of genuine fossils
* AVM Runestone — a student prank that was believed to be an ancient Norse runestone
* Beringer's Lying Stones — fake fossils that were planted as an 18th-century prank
* Brandenburg stone — a stone slab bearing markings which appear to be letters of an unknown alphabet
* Calaveras Skull — a human skull that was thought to prove the existence of Pliocene-age man in North America
* Cardiff Giant — a ten-foot-tall "petrified man" carved out of gypsum
* Chiemsee Cauldron — a golden cauldron found at the bottom of a lake
* Crystal skull — a series of artifacts crafted from quartz, often attributed to Aztec or Mayan civilizations
* Drake's Plate of Brass — supposedly a brass plaque planted by Francis Drake upon arrival in America, but a practical joke that spun out of control
* Grave Creek Stone — a small sandstone disk inscribed with twenty-five pseudo-alphabetical characters
* Holly Oak gorget — a mammoth engraved upon a shell pendant
* Ica stones — a collection of andesite stones that depict dinosaurs co-existing with humans
* Japanese Paleolithic hoax — many paleolithic finds manufactured by amateur archaeologist Shinichi Fujimura to bolster his reputation
* Kafkania pebble — a small rounded pebble bearing what could be an early example of Greek syllabic writing
* Kinderhook plates — six bell-shaped pieces of brass with strange engravings; Latter-Day Saints founder Joseph Smith allegedly attempted to translate them
* Lead Books of Sacromonte — a series of texts inscribed on circular lead leaves, denounced as heretical forgeries by the Vatican in 1682; modern scholars concur with this analysis
* Lenape Stone — an engraving that appears to show Native Americans hunting a woolly mammoth
* Michigan relics — artifacts that appear to prove that East Europeans lived in Michigan in ancient times; a money-making scam
* The inscription at Pedra da Gávea — allegedly carved by Phoenicians, who were not thought to have had the naval capacity to travel across the ocean to Brazil
* Persian Princess — the mummified body of a "Persian princess"; the corpse of a woman who was murdered around 1996
* Piltdown Man — the jaw of an orangutan attached to the skull of a human, hailed as the missing link between humans and apes
* Sherborne Bone — a bone with a horse's head engraved on it, now known to be a schoolboy prank
* Solid Muldoon — a "petrified human" made out of the mortar, rock dust, clay, plaster, ground bones, blood, and meat
* Spirit Pond runestones — small stones bearing runic inscriptions, ostensibly of pre-Columbian origin
* Tiara of Saitaferne — a tiara exhibited at the Louvre Museum as belonging to a Scythian king, until this statement was disputed by the goldsmith who created it
* Vinland map — an allegedly 15th-century map of the world, which would have been be the earliest map to depict America (or "Vinland")

### Art forgery

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* Amarna Princess — a statue created by Shaun Greenhalgh in the ancient Egyptian style, and sold to Bolton Museum for £439,767
* Black Admiral — a Revolutionary War-era painting of a black man in a naval uniform
* Bust of Flora — a bust of the Roman goddess Flora, previously believed to be a work by Leonardo da Vinci, now attributed to Richard Cockle Lucas.
* Camille Corot forgeries — thousands of imitation Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot paintings
* Eadred Reliquary — a silver vessel created by Shaun Greenhalgh, containing a piece of wood which he claimed was a fragment of the True Cross
* Etruscan terracotta warriors — three terracotta warriors created by Italian forgers and sold to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
* The Faun — a sculpture created by Shaun Greenhalgh and sold as a work by Paul Gauguin
* Flower portrait — a portrait of William Shakespeare, probably painted in the 19th century
* Michelangelo's Cupid — a sleeping Cupid sculpture that was created, artificially aged and sold by Renaissance artist Michelangelo
* Risley Park Lanx — the replica of a genuine Roman artifact, "discovered" by the Greenhalgh family and put on display at the British Museum
* Rospigliosi Cup — a gold and enamel cup thought to have been crafted by Italian goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini, but now considered a 19th-century forgery
* The works of the Spanish Forger — an unidentified 19th-century artist who created over 200 medieval miniatures, which are still highly valued by collectors

### Black propaganda

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* The Franklin Prophecy — an anti-Semitic speech falsely attributed to Benjamin Franklin, arguing against the admittance of Jewish immigrants to the newly formed United States
* Morey letter — a letter published during the 1880 US presidential elections, suggesting that James A. Garfield was in favor of Chinese immigration
* Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World — a speech given by the non-existent Rabbi Emanuel Rabinovich, outlining Jewish plans for world domination
* A Protocol of 1919 — a document supposedly found among the belongings of a Jew killed in battle, outlining Jewish plans for world domination
* The Protocols of the Elders of Zion — a lengthy text, originating in Russia and widely publicized by the Nazi party, outlining Jewish plans for world domination
* A Radical Program for the Twentieth Century — a text supposedly written by a British Jewish Communist, cited as proof that the civil rights movement in America was a foreign Communist plot
* Tanaka Memorial — an alleged Japanese strategic planning document, advising Emperor Hirohito on how to conquer the world

### Counterfeiting

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* 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis — a batch of counterfeit medicine that killed over 100 heart patients at a hospital in Punjab
* Counterfeit United States currency — some notable examples of counterfeit operations
* Fake Indian Currency Note — fake currency in circulation in the Indian economy
* Operation Bernhard — a Nazi plot to destabilize the British economy by dropping counterfeit notes out of aircraft
* Superdollar — a very high-quality counterfeit the United States hundred dollar bill
* Partnair Flight 394 — a chartered flight that crashed in 1989, killing all 55 people on board; it was caused by counterfeit aircraft parts
* Unauthorized Apple Stores in China — twenty-two unauthorized Apple Stores discovered in Kunming

### Forged documents

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* Canuck letter — a letter implying that a Democratic presidential candidate was prejudiced against French-Canadians
* Casket letters — letters and sonnets supposedly written by Mary, Queen of Scots, implicating her in the murder of her husband
* Donation of Constantine — a decree issued by emperor Constantine I, granting authority over Rome and part of the Roman Empire to Pope Sylvester I and his successors
* Dossiers Secrets — documents, planted in the National Library of France, that were used as the basis for a series of BBC documentaries
* Habbush letter — a letter linking Saddam Hussein to al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks
* Killian documents — memos critical of President George W. Bush's service in the National Guard
* Larmenius Charter — a Latin manuscript listing twenty-two successive Grand Masters of the Knights Templar
* Lindsay pamphlet scandal — pamphlets distributed by the Australian Liberal Party, claiming an alliance between the Labor Party and an Islamic organization
* Mustafa-letter — a letter used by Norway's Liberal Party to prove that the country was in danger of being overrun with Muslims
* Niger uranium forgeries — documents implying that Saddam Hussein had attempted to purchase yellowcake uranium powder, allegedly to build weapons of mass destruction
* Oath of a Freeman — a copy of the loyalty oath drawn up by 17th-century Pilgrims
* Privilegium Maius — a medieval manuscript boosting the legitimacy and influence of the House of Habsburg
* Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals — letters and canons purportedly authored by early popes, including a collection authored by "Benedict Levita".
* William Lynch speech — a speech by an 18th-century slave owner, who claims to have discovered the secret of controlling slaves by pitting them against each other
* Zeno map — a map of the North Atlantic containing many non-existent islands
* Zinoviev letter — a directive from Moscow to Britain's Communist Party, calling for intensified communist agitation; the letter contributed to the downfall of Prime Minister MacDonald

### Literary forgery

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* The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ — a religious text supposedly transcribed from the Akashic records
* The Archko Volume — a series of supposedly contemporary reports relating to the life and death of Jesus
* Autobiography of Howard Hughes — an "autobiography" of reclusive eccentric Howard Hughes, written without his knowledge or consent
* Book of Jasher — an alternative account of the Old Testament narrative
* Book of Veles — a set of Slavic texts written on wooden planks
* Centrum Naturae Concentratum — a 17th-century alchemical text
* Christine — a compilation of letters purportedly written by an English girl studying in Germany in 1914, before the outbreak of war
* Chronicle of Huru — supposedly an official chronicle of the medieval Moldavian court
* Chronicon of Pseudo-Dexter — a 15th-century account of the Church's activities in Spain, attributed to Flavius Dexter
* De Situ Britanniae — an 18th-century forgery represented as a Roman account of ancient Britain
* Epistle to the Alexandrians — an unknown text derided as a forgery in a 7th-century manuscript
* Epistle to the Laodiceans — a lost letter of Saint Paul, often "rediscovered" by forgers
* Essene Gospel of Peace — a text which claims, among other things, that Jesus was a vegetarian
* Gospel of Josephus — a forgery created to raise publicity for a novel
* Historias de la Conquista del Mayab — a Mexican manuscript supposedly written by an 18th-century monk
* History of the Captivity in Babylon — an ostensibly Old Testament text elaborating on the Book of Jeremiah
* Hitler Diaries — a set of volumes purported to be the diaries of Adolf Hitler, serialized in the German magazine Stern and the British Sunday Times
* Ireland Shakespeare forgeries — forged correspondence between Shakespeare and his contemporaries, and a "lost play" entitled Vortigern and Rowena
* Jack the Ripper Diary — the forged diary of Victorian merchant James Maybrick, apparently revealing him to be Jack the Ripper
* Letter of Benan — the letter of an Egyptian physician describing his encounters with Jesus
* Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend — a letter in support of Zionism, attributed to Martin Luther King Jr.
* The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles — the "missing" 29th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles
* Memoirs Of Mr. Hempher, The British Spy To The Middle East — a document purporting to be the account of an 18th-century secret agent, describing his role in founding the Islamic reform movement of Wahhabism
* Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora — fraudulent Slavic manuscripts created in the early 19th century
* Minuscule 2427 — a minuscule manuscript of the Gospel of Mark
* Mussolini diaries — several forged diaries supposedly written by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini
* My Sister and I — an autobiographical work attributed to the philosopher Nietzsche, containing a probably fictional account of his incestuous relationship with his sister
* Oahspe: A New Bible — a New Age bible written by an American dentist
* Ossianic poems — a cycle of epic poems published by the Scottish poet James Macpherson, attributed to the legendary Ossian
* Roxburghe Ballads — over a thousand 17th-century ballads published by John Payne Collier, some of which he had written himself
* Salamander Letter — a document that offers an alternative account of Joseph Smith's finding of the Book of Mormon.
* Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses — a magical text supposedly written by Moses, providing instructions on how to perform the miracles portrayed in the Bible
* The Songs of Bilitis — a collection of erotic poetry allegedly found on the walls of a tomb in Cyprus
* Supplements to the Satyricon — several forged versions of the Latin novel Satyricon
* Talmud Jmmanuel — a supposedly ancient Aramaic text suggesting an extraterrestrial origin for the Bible
* The Zohar — a primary text of medieval Kabbalah, written by a 16th-century Spanish Rabbi but attributed to Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai, an ancient sage of the Second Temple period

### Musical forgery

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* Adélaïde Concerto — a violin concerto attributed to Mozart

### Philatelic forgery

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* Russian philatelic forgeries — some examples of notable Russian stamp forgeries
* Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73 — a fraud perpetrated by telegraph clerks at the London Stock Exchange
* Turner Collection of Forgeries — a collection of forged postage stamps on display at the British Library

## Forgery controversies

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The authenticity of certain documents and artifacts has not yet been determined and is still the subject of debate.

* Augustan History — a collection of biographies of Roman emperors
* Bat Creek inscription — an inscription on a stone allegedly found in a Native American burial mound
* Isleworth Mona Lisa — a close imitation of da Vinci's Mona Lisa, sometimes attributed in part to da Vinci
* James Ossuary — a chalk box used to contain the bones of the dead, bearing the inscription "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus"
* Jehoash Inscription — an inscription confirming the Biblical account of the repairs made to the temple in Jerusalem by Jehoash
* Jordan Lead Codices — a series of ring-bound books of lead and copper, that are said to pre-date the writings of St. Paul
* Kensington Runestone — a slab of greywacke covered in Scandinavian runes, found in North America and supposedly carved in the 14th century
* Letter of Lentulus — an epistle allegedly written by a Roman Consul, giving a physical description of Jesus
* Majestic 12 documents — supposedly leaked papers relating to the formation, in 1947, of a secret committee of US officials to investigate the Roswell incident
* Mar Saba letter — an epistle, attributed to Clement of Alexandria, discussing the Secret Gospel of Mark
* Newark Holy Stones — a set of artifacts allegedly discovered among a group of ancient Indian burial grounds
* Old High German lullaby — a supposedly 10th-century poem containing numerous references to Germanic mythology
* Prophecy of the Popes — a series of 112 short cryptic phrases which purport to predict future Roman Catholic Popes
* Shroud of Turin — a linen cloth that is said to be the burial shroud of Jesus, and bears the image of a man who appears to have suffered injuries consistent with crucifixion
* Sinaia lead plates — a set of lead plates written in an unknown language
* Sisson documents — sixty-eight Russian documents which claim that Trotsky and Lenin were German agents attempting to bring about Russia's withdrawal from World War I
* Stalin's alleged speech of 19 August 1939 — a speech supposedly given by Joseph Stalin in which he stated that the approaching war would benefit the Soviet Union
* Titulus Crucis — a piece of wood, ostensibly a fragment of the True Cross upon which Jesus was crucified
* US Army Field Manual 30-31B — a text purporting to be a classified appendix of a US Army Field Manual which describes top-secret counter-insurgency tactics

Some documents and artifacts were previously thought to be forgeries, but have subsequently been determined to be genuine.

* Bords de la Seine à Argenteuil — an oil painting by Monet
* Glozel artifacts — over three thousand artifacts dating back to the Neolithic era, discovered in a small French hamlet
* Lady of Elche — a stone bust believed to have been carved by the Iberians
* Praeneste fibula — a golden brooch bearing an inscription in Old Latin

## Notable forgers

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### Archaeological forgers

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* Charles Dawson (1864–1916) — "discoverer" of the Piltdown Man
* Shinichi Fujimura (born 1950)
* Oded Golan (born 1951) — accused of forging the James Ossuary, among other things; he was acquitted of these charges in March 2012
* Islam Akhun
* Brigido Lara
* Moses Shapira (1830–1884)

### Art forgers

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* Giovanni Bastianini (1830–1868)
* William Blundell (born 1947)
* Chang Dai-chien (1899–1983)
* Yves Chaudron
* Alceo Dossena (1878–1937)
* John Drewe (born 1948)
* Kenneth Fetterman
* Alfredo Fioravanti (1886–1963)
* Shaun Greenhalgh (born 1961) — described by the Metropolitan Police as "the most diverse art forger known in history"
* Guy Hain
* Eric Hebborn (1934–1996)
* Elmyr de Hory (1905–1976) — subject of the Orson Welles documentary F for Fake
* Geert Jan Jansen (born 1943)
* Tom Keating (1917–1984)
* Konrad Kujau (1938–2000) — the author of the Hitler Diaries
* Mark A. Landis (born 1955)
* Lothar Malskat (1913–1988)
* Han van Meegeren (1889–1947) — estimated to have earned the equivalent of over thirty million dollars for his forgeries
* Jacques van Meegeren (1912–1977)
* John Myatt (born 1945)
* Sámuel Literáti Nemes (1796–1842)
* Edmé Samson (1810–1891)
* Ely Sakhai (born 1952)
* Jean-Pierre Schecroun
* Émile Schuffenecker (1851–1934)
* Karl Sim (born 1923)
* David Stein (1935–1999)
* Tony Tetro (born 1950)
* Robert Thwaites
* Franz Tieze (1842–1932)
* William J. Toye (born 1931)
* Eduardo de Valfierno — allegedly masterminded the 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa
* Kenneth Walton (born 1967) — author of the memoir Fake: Forgery, Lies, & eBay
* E. M. Washington (born 1962)
* Theo van Wijngaarden (1874–1952)

### Counterfeiters

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* Philip Alston (c. 1740 – after 1799)
* Anatasios Arnaouti (born 1967)
* Trevor Ashmore
* Robert Baudin (1918–1983)
* Charles Black (1928–2012)
* William Booth (c. 1776 – 1812)
* Mary Butterworth (1686–1775)
* William Chaloner (c. 1665 – 1699)
* Louis Colavecchio
* The Cragg Vale Coiners
* Thomas Dangerfield (c. 1650 – 1685)
* Mike DeBardeleben (1940–2011)
* John Duff (c. 1759 – 1799)
* Edward Emery (died c. 1850)
* David Farnsworth
* Bernhard Krüger (1904–1989) — director of the Nazi counterfeiting plot codenamed Operation Bernhard
* Ignazio Lupo (1877–1947)
* Catherine Murphy (died 1789) — the last woman to be executed by burning.
* Emanuel Ninger (1845–1927)
* Bernard von NotHaus — inventor of the Liberty Dollar
* Salomon Smolianoff (1899–1976) — WWII concentration camp detainee and key figure in Operation Bernhard
* Samuel C. Upham (1819–1885)
* Arthur Williams

### Document forgers

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* Frank Abagnale (born 1948) — subject of the film Catch Me If You Can
* Charles Bertram (1723–1765) — author of De Situ Britanniae
* Joseph Cosey (1887 – c. 1950)
* Przybysław Dyjamentowski (1694–1774)
* Michael John Hamdani
* Adolfo Kaminsky (born 1925)
* Jean LaBanta (born c. 1879)
* Maharaja Nandakumar (died 1775)
* Richard Pigott (1835–1889)
* Piligrim (died 991)
* James Reavis (1843–1914)
* Alves dos Reis (1898–1955)
* Scott Reuben (born 1958)
* William Roupell (1831–1909)
* William Wynne Ryland (c. 1738 – 1783)
* Michael Sabo
* Alexander Howland Smith (fl. 1886)
* Robert Spring (1813–1876)
* Adolf Ludvig Stierneld (1755–1835)
* Brita Tott (fl. 1498)
* Lucio Urtubia (born 1931)
* Denis Vrain-Lucas (1818–1880)
* Henry Woodhouse (1884–1970)

### Literary forgers

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* Annio da Viterbo (c. 1432 – 1502)
* Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (1873–1944)
* Adémar de Chabannes (c. 988 – 1034)
* Thomas Chatterton (1752–1770)
* Mark Hofmann (born 1954) — forger of several documents relating to the Latter Day Saint movement, including the Salamander letter
* William Henry Ireland (1775–1835) — author of the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries and the pseudepigraphical play Vortigern and Rowena
* Clifford Irving (1930–2017)
* William Lauder (c. 1680 – 1771)
* James Macpherson (1736–1796) — the supposed "translator" of the Ossianic poems
* Iolo Morganwg (1747–1826)
* François Nodot (c. 1650 – 1710)
* Francesco Maria Pratilli (1689–1763)
* Constantine Simonides (1820–1867)
* Clotilde de Surville (fl. 1421)
* Charles Weisberg (died 1945)

### Musical forgers

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* Henri Casadesus (1879–1947)
* Marius Casadesus (1892–1981) — creator of the Adélaïde Concerto
* François-Joseph Fétis (1784–1871)
* Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962)
* Winfried Michel (born 1948)
* David Popper (1843–1913)
* Roman Turovsky-Savchuk (born 1961)
* Vladimir Vavilov (1925–1973)
* Voller Brothers (1885-1927)

### Signature forgers

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* Henry Fauntleroy (1784–1824)
* James Townsend Saward (1799 – after 1857)

### Stamp forgers

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of stamp forgers.

* A. Alisaffi
* Bernhardt Assmus (c. 1856 – after 1892)
* Rainer Blüm
* Delandre (1883–1923)
* Georges Fouré (1848–1902)
* François Fournier (1846–1917)
* Sigmund Friedl (1851–1914)
* Julius Goldner (c. 1841 – 1898)
* N. Imperato
* Madame Joseph (c. 1900 – after 1945)
* Louis-Henri Mercier (fl. 1890)
* Erasmo Oneglia (1853–1934)
* Adolph Otto (fl. 1870)
* Angelo Panelli (c. 1887 – c. 1967)
* Oswald Schroeder (died c. 1920)
* Lucian Smeets
* Jean de Sperati (1884–1957)
* Philip Spiro
* Béla Székula (1881–1966)
* Raoul de Thuin (1890–1975)
* Harold Treherne (c. 1884 – after 1908)

## Media

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* The Art of the Faker — a book about art forgery by Frank Arnau
* The Counterfeiters — a movie inspired by the Nazi counterfeiting scheme, Operation Bernhard
* F for Fake — an Orson Welles documentary about art forger Elmyr de Hory
* Fake Britain — a BBC television series about counterfeiting and its effects on consumers
* Fake: Forgery, Lies, & eBay — a memoir by art forger Kenneth Walton
* Fake or Fortune? — a BBC television series which examines the provenance of notable artworks
* Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology — a book by Kenneth L. Feder on the topic of pseudoarcheology
* Pierre Grassou — a novel by Honoré de Balzac about a fictional art forger
* Selling Hitler — an ITV drama-documentary about the Hitler Diaries

## External links

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* Sources of information on art forgery, Museum Security Network

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