Outline of life extension

Overview of and topical guide to life extension

See also: Index of life extension-related articles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life extension:

Life extension - study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan. Also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology.

## Goals

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* Biological immortality
* Indefinite lifespan
* Longevity
* Rejuvenation

## Longevity

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* Centenarian
* Supercentenarian
* Longevity escape velocity

## Strategies

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### Research and development

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* Timeline of senescence research

### Available strategies

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* Calorie restriction or protein restriction or intermittent fasting
* Exercise
* Geroprotector
* Senolytics

### Potential future strategies

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* Cryonics
* Genetic therapies
* Cloning and body part replacement
* Cell replacement therapies (CRT)
* Strategies for engineered negligible senescence (SENS)
* Digital immortality through mind uploading
* Suspended animation
* Immunisation

## Aging

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* Evolution of ageing
* Gerontology
* Pro-aging trance

### Hallmarks of aging

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* Altered intercellular communication
* Cellular senescence
* Deregulated nutrient sensing
* Epigenetic alterations
* Genomic instability
* Loss of proteostasis
* Mitochondrial dysfunction
* Stem cell exhaustion
* Telomere attrition

### Causes of aging

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* Cross-links
* Crosslinking of DNA
* Free radicals - atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. They are countered to some extent by antioxidants.
* Glycation
* Advanced glycation end-product
* Lipofuscin
* Viral infections (acute or chronic)

#### Theories of aging

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Theories of aging

* Antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging
* Caloric restriction theory
* Cross-linkage theory of aging
* Death hormone theory
* Disposable soma theory of aging
* DNA damage theory of aging
* Epigenetic clock theory of aging
* Error catastrophe theory of aging
* Errors and Repairs Theory
* Free-radical theory of aging
* Gene mutation theory
* Genetic control theory
* Glycation theory of aging
* Hayflick limit theory
* Inflammation theory of aging
* Immunological theory of aging
* Log-normal theory of mortality
* Membrane theory of aging
* Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging
* Mitochondrial Theory of Aging
* Mutation accumulation theory of aging
* Neuroendocrine theory of aging
* Order to disorder theory of aging
* Rate of living theory
* Redundant DNA theory
* Reliability theory of aging and longevity
* Reproductive-cell cycle theory
* Somatic mutation theory of aging
* Telomeric theory of aging
* Theory of programmed death
* Thermodynamic theory of aging
* Thymic-stimulating theory
* Waste accumulation theory

## Organizations

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* Alcor Life Extension Foundation
* Altos Labs
* Alliance for Aging Research
* American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
* American Aging Association
* BioViva
* Buck Institute for Research on Aging
* Calico
* Cryonics Institute
* International Longevity Alliance
* LEV Foundation[1]
* Life Extension Advocacy Foundation
* Life Extension Foundation
* Methuselah Foundation - non-profit organization dedicated to extending the healthy human lifespan by advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. It was co-founded in 2003 by Aubrey de Grey and David Gobel, and is based in Springfield, Virginia, United States.
* SENS Research Foundation - 501(c)(3) non-profit organization co-founded by Michael Kope, Aubrey de Grey, Jeff Hall, Sarah Marr and Kevin Perrott, which is based in Mountain View, California, United States. Its activities include research programs and public relations work for the application of regenerative medicine to aging.

## Notable people

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* Aubrey de Grey
* Leonard Hayflick
* Zoltan Istvan
* Saul Kent
* Cynthia Kenyon
* Durk Pearson
* Sandy Shaw
* David Andrew Sinclair
* Roy Walford
* Michael D. West

## See also

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* Attempts to engineer biological immortality in humans
* Timeline of senescence research
* Outline of transhumanism
* Degeneration (medical)
* Degenerative disease
* Neurodegeneration

## References

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1. ^ Garth, Eleanor (2022-10-28). "Aubrey de Grey on longevity at scale". Longevity.Technology - Latest News, Opinions, Analysis and Research. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

## Further reading

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* Ending Aging, a 2007 book which describes Aubrey de Grey's medical proposal for defeating aging (i.e. SENS).

## External links

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* SENS Research Foundation

Life extension at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity

* v
* t
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Outline of life extension

Issues|

* Anti-oxidants
* Anti-aging movement
* Biohacking
* Calorie restriction
* Cryonics
* Cyborg
* Exercise
* Free-radical theory
* Gene therapy
* Gerontology
* Glycation
* Indefinite lifespan
* Index of topics related to life extension
* List of aging processes
* Longevity escape velocity
* Mind uploading
* Nanomedicine
* Organ printing
* Rejuvenation
* Senescence
* Stem-cell therapy
* Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
* Transhumanist politics

Events|

* Timeline of senescence research

People|

* Bill Andrews
* Eric R. Braverman
* Aubrey de Grey
* Laura Deming
* Denham Harman
* Leonard Hayflick
* Saul Kent
* Cynthia Kenyon
* Dimu Kotsovsky
* Ray Kurzweil
* Ilya Mechnikov
* Liz Parrish
* Durk Pearson
* Mark Roth
* Sandy Shaw
* Roy Walford
* Michael D. West

Organizations|

* 2045 Initiative
* A4M
* AgeX
* Alliance for Aging Research
* Altos Labs
* AGE
* Buck Institute
* BioViva
* Calico
* ERIBA
* Gerontology Research Group
* Human Longevity
* Immortalist Society
* ILA
* Insilico Medicine
* LEAF
* LEF
* Lifespan Research Institute
* Methuselah Foundation
* MPI for Biology of Ageing
* NIA
* SENS Research Foundation
* Sierra Sciences

Books|

* Life Extension (1982)
* The First Immortal (1998)
* Fantastic Voyage (2004)
* Ending Aging (2007)
* Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To (2019)

Journals|

* Ageing Research Reviews
* Aging
* Aging Cell
* Biogerontology
* Experimental Gerontology
* Neurobiology of Aging
* Rejuvenation Research

Categories|

* Life extension

* v
* t
* e

Longevity

Ageing|

* Old age
* Longevity myths
* Senescence
* aging-associated diseases
* degenerative diseases
* negligible senescence
* Gerontology
* biogerontology
* cognitive epidemiology
* Centenarian
* supercentenarian
* research into centenarians
* Life expectancy
* LGBT life expectancy
* Maximum life span
* Biomarkers of aging

Life extension|

* Topic outline
* index
* Anti-aging movement
* Biodemography of human longevity
* Indefinite lifespan
* Longevity escape velocity
* Methods
* calorie restriction
* Diet and longevity
* gene therapy
* nanomedicine
* organ printing
* rejuvenation
* stem-cell therapy
* SENS

Lists of
life expectancy|

| by country|

* World
* Africa
* Americas
* North America
* South America
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania
* World macroregions

|

regions of countries|

* Argentina
* Australia
* Brazil
* Canada
* China
* Cities
* France
* Finland
* Germany
* Greece
* India
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Mexico
* Palestine
* Poland
* Russia
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tajikistan
* Turkey
* UK
* Ukraine
* USA
* shortest
* longest

regions by continents|

* Africa
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania
* South America

Records|

* Longevity claims
* Oldest people
* verified
* by country
* living

Immortality|

* Biological immortality
* Regeneration
* Digital immortality
* Eternal youth
* Immortality in fiction

Longevity genes|

* FOXO3
* APOE
* CETP
* ACE
* IL6
* Klotho
* SIRT1
* TNF

Related|

* Blue zone
* Longevity insurance
* Longevity risk
* Transhumanist politics
* Longest-living organisms
* oldest trees

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Wikipedia outlines

* General reference

* Culture and the arts
* Geography and places
* Health and fitness
* History and events
* Mathematics and logic
* Natural and physical sciences
* People and self
* Philosophy and thinking
* Religion and belief systems
* Society and social sciences
* Technology and applied sciences

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