Pécs

City with county rights in Southern Transdanubia, Hungary

For other uses, see Pecs.

City with county rights in Southern Transdanubia, Hungary

Pécs

City with county rights

Pécs Megyei Jogú Város

Clockwise from top left: Cathedral, Széchenyi Square, Barbican, Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque, Kossuth Square

Flag

Coat of arms

Nickname:

"The City of Culture" (A kultúra városa)

Location of Pécs

Pécs

Location of Pécs

Show map of Baranya County

Pécs

Pécs (Hungary)

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Coordinates: 46°04′15″N 18°13′59″E﻿ / ﻿46.07083°N 18.23306°E﻿ / 46.07083; 18.23306
Country|  Hungary
Region| Southern Transdanubia
County| Baranya
District| Pécs
Established| 2nd century BC
City status| 1777 (renewed)
Government

• Mayor| Attila Péterffy (Pécs Jövője, Öt Torony)
• Deputy mayor| Lajos Nyőgéri (Pécs Jövője, Hungarian Socialist Party)
Csaba Ruzsa (Independent)
Gábor Zag (Pécs Jövője, Democratic Coalition)
• Town Notary| Dr István Lovász
Area

• City with county rights

| 162.61 km2 (62.78 sq mi)
• Rank| 32nd in Hungary
Elevation

| 153 m (502 ft)
Population

(1 January 2016)

• City with county rights

| 145,347
• Rank| 5th in Hungary
• Density| 963.43/km2 (2,495.3/sq mi)
• Urban

| 251,412 (4th)[1]
Demonym| pécsi
Population by ethnicity

[2]

• Hungarians| 84.0%
• Germans| 4.2%
• Romani| 2.0%
• Croats| 1.2%
• Romanians| 0.2%
• Serbs| 0.2%
• Slovaks| 0.1%
• Greeks| 0.1%
• Turks| 0.1%
Population by religion

[2]

• Roman Catholic| 39.7%
• Greek Catholic| 0.3%
• Calvinists| 5.2%
• Lutherans| 1.3%
• Jews| 0.1%
• Islam| 0.1%
• Non-religious| 27.8%
Time zone| UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code|

7600 to 7636

Area code| (+36) 72
Motorways| M60 Motorway
NUTS 3 code| HU231
Distance from Budapest| 238 km (148 mi) Northeast
Airport| Pécs (PEV)
MPs|

List

* Tamás Mellár (Independent)
* Péter Hoppál (Fidesz)

Website| pecs.hu

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Official name| Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)
Criteria| iii, iv
Designated| 2000

Pécs (/peɪtʃ/ PAYTCH, Hungarian: [peːt͡ʃ] ⓘ; Croatian: Pečuh; Slovak: Päťkostolie German: Fünfkirchen, pronounced [fʏnfˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; also known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the country's southwest, close to the border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economic centre of Baranya County, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs.

A city dating back to ancient times, settled by the Celts and the Romans, it was made an episcopal see in early medieval Hungary. It has the oldest university in the country, and is one of its major cultural centers. It has a rich cultural heritage from the age of a 150-year Ottoman occupation. It is historically a multi-ethnic city where many cultures have interacted through 2,000 years of history. In recent times, it has been recognized for its cultural heritage, including being named as one of the European Capital of Culture cities. The Roman-era Christian necropolis in Pécs was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2000.

## Name

[edit]

The earliest name for the territory was its Roman name of Sopianæ. The name possibly comes from the plural of the Celtic sop meaning "marsh".[citation needed]

The medieval city was first mentioned in 871 under the name Quinque Basilicae ("five cathedrals".) The name refers to the fact that when constructing the churches of the city, the builders used material from five old Christian chapels. In later Latin documents the city was mentioned as Quinque Ecclesiae ("five churches", a name identical in meaning to the German name Fünfkirchen and the Slovak name Päťkostolie[3]).

The name Pécs appears in documents in 1235 in the word Pechyut (with modern spelling: pécsi út, meaning "road to/from Pécs") most likely derives from the Proto-Slavic *pęčь or from the Illyrian *penče, both meaning five.[4] In other languages: in Latin, Quinque Ecclesiae; in Italian, Cinquechiese; in Croatian, Pečuh; in Serbian, Печуј (Pečuj); in Slovak, Päťkostolie; in Czech, Pětikostelí; in Dutch, Vijfkerken; in German, Fünfkirchen; and in Turkish, Peçuy.

## Geography

[edit]

Pécs is located in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, in the center of the southern Hungarian county of Baranya. It is bordered by the Mecsek hills to the north, and by a rolling plain to the south. Pécs has a significant mining past. Mecsek dolomitic water is famous for its steady, balanced high density of minerals.

The city of Pécs is located near the border of Croatia. Its southern part is rather flat whereas its northern part clings to the slope of the Mecsek mountains. It has a very favorable climate, and is bordered by a flourishing woody area. During hot summer nights a cooling air streams down from Mecsek to clean the air of the city.[5]

Pécs is bordered by plains to the south (elevation 120–130 m), while the Mecsek mountains rise up to elevations of 400–600 meters behind the city. Jakab-hill, located in the western Mecsek, is 592 m (1942 ft) tall, Tubes, straight above Pécs, is 612 m (2008 ft) tall, and Misina is 535 m (1755 ft) tall.[6] Higher parts of the city climb up to 200–250 m (656 to 820 ft), mainly Pécsbánya, Szabolcsfalu, Vasas and Somogy. Woody areas generally start from elevations of about 300 m (984 ft). The Mecsek hills are marked by numerous valleys which play a key role in ameliorating the climate of the city in the absence of lakes and rivers. Waters coming down from the Mecsek hills flow into the Pécsi stream under the east–west rail road leading them eventually to the Danube.

## History

[edit]

Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)UNESCO World Heritage Site

Remnants of a Paleochristian Church, 4th century AD

Criteria| Cultural: iii, iv
Reference| 853
Inscription| 2000 (24th Session)
Area| 3.76 ha
Buffer zone| 4.87 ha

### Ancient Roman city

[edit]

Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)

Main article: Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs

The area has been inhabited since ancient times, with the oldest archaeological findings being 6,000 years old. Before the Roman era, the area was inhabited by Celts.

The city of Sopianae was founded by Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century, in an area peopled by Celts and Pannoni tribes.

In the early 2nd century, when much of western Hungary was a province of the Roman Empire named Pannonia, the Romans founded several wine-producing colonies under the collective name of Sopianae where Pécs now stands.

The centre of Sopianae was where the Bishop's Palace now stands. Some parts of the Roman aqueduct are still visible. When the Roman province of Pannonia was divided into four administrative divisions, Sopianae was named the capital of the division named Valeria.

By the 4th century, Sopianae became the capital of Valeria province and a significant early Christian center. The early Christian necropolis in the city dates back to this era, and the Christian tombs there are unique in their architectural design (with underground burial chambers below above-ground memorial chapels) and are highly decorated with Christian murals.[7] These tombs became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in December 2000.[8] By the end of the century, Roman rule weakened in the area, mostly due to attacks by Barbarians and Huns.

### Early medieval city

[edit]

When Charlemagne arrived in the area in 791, it was ruled by the Avars. Charlemagne, after conquering the area, annexed it to the Holy Roman Empire,[9] and it belonged to the Diocese of Salzburg.[10]

A document written in Salzburg in 871 is the first document mentioning the early medieval city under the name Quinque Basilicae.[3] During the 9th century, the city was inhabited by Slavs and Avars, and was part of the Balaton Principality, a Frankish vassal state.[9]

### The Hungarian city in the Middle Ages

[edit]

The Barbakán Crypt of the cathedral from the Middle Ages Stone shield pattern of Pécs with Old Hungarian script (circa 1250 AD)

According to György Györffy's theory of place names, after the Hungarians conquered the Carpathian Basin, they retained a semi-nomadic lifestyle, changing pastures between winter and summer. Árpád's winter quarters – clearly after his occupation of Pannonia in 900 – were perhaps in Pécs.[9] Later, when the Comitatus of Baranya was established, the capital of the comitatus was not Pécs but a nearby castle, Baranyavár ('Baranya Castle'). Pécs, however, became an important religious centre and episcopal seat. In Latin documents, the city was mentioned as Quinque Ecclesiae. Around 1000, the area was inhabited by the Black Magyars. The Deed of Foundation of the Diocese of Pécs was issued in 1009.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs was founded in 1009 by Stephen I, and the first university in Hungary was founded in Pécs in 1367 by Louis I the Great. (The largest university still resides in Pécs with about 34,000 students.)[11]

Peter Orseolo, the second king of Hungary, was buried in the cathedral in 1046. The location of his grave is unknown. This is because in 1064, when King Solomon made peace with his cousin, the later King Géza I, they celebrated Easter in Pécs. Shortly after the cathedral burnt down. The cathedral that stands today was built after this, in the second half of the 11th century.

Several religious orders settled down in Pécs. The Benedictine order was the first in 1076. In 1181, there was already a hospital in the city. The first Dominican monastery of the country was built in Pécs in 1238.

King Louis the Great founded a university in Pécs in 1367 following the advice of William, the bishop of Pécs, who was also the king's chancellor. It was the first university in Hungary. The founding document is almost word for word identical with that of the University of Vienna, stating that the university has the right to teach all arts and sciences, with the exception of theology.

In 1459, Janus Pannonius, the most important medieval poet of Hungary became the bishop of Pécs. He strengthened the cultural importance of the city.

Pécs was formed into one of the cultural and arts center of the country by bishop Janus Pannonius, great humanist poet.[12]

### Ottoman rule

[edit]

See also: Ottoman Hungary

The mosque of Gázi Kászim pasa (pasha Qasim the Victorious) Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque

After the Battle of Mohács (1526) in which the invading Ottoman army defeated the armies of King Louis II, the armies of Suleiman occupied Pécs. Not only was a large part of the country occupied by Ottomans, the public opinion of who should be the king of Hungary was divided, too. One party supported Ferdinand of Habsburg, the other party crowned John Zápolya in Székesfehérvár.[citation needed] The citizens of Pécs supported Ferdinand, but the rest of Baranya county supported John. In the summer of 1527, Ferdinand defeated the armies of Szapolyai and was crowned king on November 3. Ferdinand favoured the city because of the support of its citizens, and exempted Pécs from paying taxes. Pécs was rebuilt and fortified.[citation needed]

In 1529, the Ottomans captured Pécs again, and went on a campaign against Vienna. The Ottomans forced Pécs to accept King John (who was allied with them) as their ruler. John died in 1540. In 1541, the Ottomans occupied the castle of Buda, and ordered Isabella, the widow of John to give Pécs to them, since the city was of strategic importance.[citation needed] The citizens of Pécs defended the city against the Ottomans, and swore loyalty to Ferdinand.[citation needed] The emperor helped the city and defended it from further Ottoman attacks, but his advisers persuaded him into focusing more on the cities of Székesfehérvár and Esztergom instead of Pécs. Pécs was preparing for the siege, but a day before, Flemish and Walloon mercenaries fled from the city, and raided the nearby lands. The next day in June 1543 the Bishop himself went to the Ottomans with the keys of the city.[citation needed]

After occupying the city, the Ottomans fortified it and turned it into a real Ottoman city. The Christian churches were turned into mosques; Turkish baths and minarets were built, Qur'an schools were founded, there was a bazaar in place of the market.[citation needed] For a hundred years the city was an island of peace in a land of war. It was a sanjak centre in Budin Eyalet at first and Kanije Eyalet later as "Peçuy".

The Ottoman era resulted in numerous landmarks, such as the mosque of Pasha Qasim the Victorious on Széchenyi square, the Tomb of İdris Baba, and the Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque.

The Ottoman chronicler İbrahim Peçevi (Ibrahim of Pécs), whose work forms the main body of reference for Ottoman history between 1520 and 1640, was a native of the city.[13]

In 1664, Croat-Hungarian nobleman Nicholas Zrínyi arrived in Pécs, with his army. Since the city was well into the Ottoman territories, they knew that even if they occupy it, they could not keep it for long, so they planned only to pillage it. They ravaged and burned the city but could not occupy the castle. Mediaeval Pécs was destroyed forever, except the wall encircling the historical city, a single bastion (Barbakán), the network of tunnels and catacombs beneath the city, parts of which are closed down, other parts are in possession of the famous Litke champagne factory, and can be visited today. [citation needed] Several Turkish artifacts also survived, namely three mosques, two minarets, remnants of a bath over the ancient Christian tombs near the cathedral, and several houses, one even with a stone cannonball embedded in the wall.[citation needed]

After the castle of Buda was wrested from Ottoman rule in 1686, the armies went to capture the rest of Pécs. The advance guards could break into the city and pillaged it.[citation needed] The Ottomans saw that they could not hold the city, and burnt it, and withdrew into the castle. The army led by Louis of Baden occupied the city on 14 October and destroyed the aqueduct leading to the castle. The Ottomans had no other choice but to surrender, which they did on 22 October (see Siege of Pécs).

The city was under martial law under the command of Karl von Thüngen. The Viennese court wanted to destroy the city first, but later they decided to keep it to counterbalance the importance of Szigetvár, which was still under Ottoman rule. Slowly the city started to prosper again, but in the 1690s two plague epidemics claimed many lives. In 1688 German settlers arrived. Only about one-quarter of the city's population was Hungarian, the others were Germans or Southern Slavs. Census of taxpayers from 1698 lists 637 families for which Janja Živković Mandić concludes that 308 were of Croatian nationality (Catholics Croats, Racs, Šokci, Bunjevci, Illyrians, Slavs, Bosniaks) and the remaining 329 were Hungarians, Germans, Serbs or Greeks. According to same census István Tabo mentions 171 Hungarian, 349 Slavs and 79 Germans while Đuro Šarošac mentions that at that time in the city lived 325 Croats, 139 Hungarians, 92 Germans, 53 Vlachs and 28 Serbs.[14] According to 1698 data, South Slavs comprised more than half of the population of the town. Because Hungarians were only a minority of the population, Pécs did not support the revolution against Habsburg rule led by Francis II Rákóczi, and his armies pillaged the city in 1704.

### Early-modern era

[edit]

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|

Pécs Main Square before 2009 County Hall of Baranya Vasváry-House Széchenyi Square

A more peaceful era started after 1710. Industry, trade and viticulture prospered, manufactories were founded, a new city hall was built. The feudal lord of the city was the Bishop of Pécs, but the city wanted to free itself from episcopal control. Bishop George Klimó, an enlightened man (who founded the first public library of the country) would have agreed to cede his rights to the city, but the Holy See forbade him to do so. When Klimó died in 1777, Queen Maria Theresa quickly elevated Pécs to free royal town status before the new bishop was elected. This cost the city 83,315 forints.

According to the first census (held in 1787 by the order of Joseph II), there were 1,474 houses and 1,834 families in Pécs, a total of 8,853 residents, of which 133 were priests and 117 were noblemen.

In 1785, the Academy of Győr was moved to Pécs. This academy eventually evolved into a law school. The first stonework theatre of the city was built in 1839. At that time or Maria Theresia and her son Josef II, the Danube Swabians from Germany was settled in the City.

### 19th century and later

[edit]

The industry developed a lot in the second half of the 19th century. By 1848, there were 1,739 industrial workers. Some of the manufactures were nationally famous. The iron and paper factories were among the most modern ones of the age. Coal mining was relevant. A sugar factory and beer manufactures were built, too. The city had 14,616 residents.

During the revolution in 1848–49, Pécs was occupied by Croatian armies for a short time, but it was freed from them by Habsburg armies in January 1849.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Pécs developed, like all the other cities and towns of the country. From 1867, Pécs is connected to the nearby town Barcs by railway, and since 1882 it is also connected to Budapest. In 1913, a tram system has been founded, but it was extinguished in 1960.

At the end of World War I, Baranya county was occupied by Serbian troops, and it was not until August 1921 that Pécs could be sure that it remains part of Hungary. The University of Pressburg (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia) was moved to Pécs after Hungary lost Pressburg according to the Treaty of Trianon.

During World War II, Pécs was captured by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on 29 November 1944 in the course of the Budapest Offensive. The city suffered only minor damages, even though a large tank-battle took place 20–25 kilometres (12–16 miles) south of the city, close to the Villány area late in the war, when the advancing Red Army fought its way towards Austria. Until the end of World War II, the majority Inhabitants was Danube Swabians. Some of the former German settlers was expelled to Germany and Austria in 1945-1948, under the 1945 Potsdam Agreement.[15] Germans of Hungary are still a minority in the City.

A history of Hungary from 1945-1990, "under Soviet domination" can be found in A Concise History of Hungary.[16] After the war, development became fast again, and the city grew, absorbing several nearby towns. In the 1980s, Pécs already had 180,000 inhabitants.

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1870 | 30,821| —
1890 | 43,869| +42.3%
1900 | 53,721| +22.5%
1910 | 60,237| +12.1%
1920 | 58,808| −2.4%
1930 | 74,395| +26.5%
1941 | 88,473| +18.9%
1949 | 88,302| −0.2%
1960 | 114,655| +29.8%
1970 | 149,253| +30.2%
1980 | 168,715| +13.0%
1990 | 170,039| +0.8%
2001 | 162,489| −4.4%
2011 | 156,049| −4.0%
2022 | 139,647| −10.5%

After the end of Socialist era (1989–1990), Pécs and its county, like many other areas, were hit hard by the changes, the unemployment rate was high, the mines and several factories were closed, and the war in neighboring Yugoslavia in the 1990s affected the tourism.

Pécs was also the centre of the Nordic Support Group (NSG) consisting of units from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Poland, as part of the IFOR and later SFOR NATO deployments, after the Dayton Agreement and following peace in former Yugoslavia; the first units were deployed to Pécs in late 1995 and early 1996. The NSG handled the relaying of supply, personnel and other logistical tasks between the participating countries and their deployed forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

In 1998 Pécs was given the UNESCO prize "Cities for Peace" for maintaining its cultural minorities, and also for its tolerant and helping attitude toward refugees of the Yugoslav Wars.[17]

In 2007 Pécs was third, and in 2008 it was second "Livable City" (The LivCom Awards)[18] in the category of cities between 75,000 and 200,000 inhabitants.[19]

In 2010, Pécs was selected to be the European Capital of Culture alongside Essen and Istanbul. The city motto is "The Borderless City". After receiving the title major renewal started in the city.[20][21] Renewed public places, streets, squares and neighbourhoods, new cultural centers, a concert hall, a new library and center and a cultural quarter were designed.[22][23]

## Main sights

[edit]

Cella Septichora The Barbakán The cross at Tettye Zsolnay Museum. The House from the 13th Century. National Theatre in Pécs. Csontváry Museum Lyceum Church in Király Street

A good example of the city's history and interesting past can be seen in the main square, where the Gazi Kasim Mosque still stands, and, although consecrated as a church following the retreat of the Ottoman Turks centuries ago, the crescent moon of Islam is still visible on the cupola, surmounted by a cross. Indeed, Pécs is the richest town in Hungary in terms of Turkish architecture, with the ruins of Memi Pasa's Baths and the mausoleum of miracle worker Idris Baba, just two other notable remains. The Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque, dating from the mid-1600s, still functions as an active mosque today. It is open to the public except during Friday services from 2.30 to 3.30 pm.

* The Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs, extensive Roman tombs and mausoleums dating from around the 4th century, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
* Cella Septichora (4th century)
* The Cathedral (11th century, renovated in the 19th century).
* Hungarian Bishop's Palace (12th century)
* University of Pécs (1367), building of the Faculty of Science and Faculty of Humanities in Ifjúság street. It includes a Botanical Garden.
* Klimo Library (1774). The first public library in Hungary, which was founded by bishop George Klimo.
* Barbakán "Tower" (15th century)
* Ruins in Tettye (1505–1521)
* Széchenyi square (main square)
* The mosque of pasha Qasim (1543–1546). Originally gothic Church: St. Bertalan Cathedral from the 13th century
* Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque (17th century)
* Downtown (Houses from the Middle Ages. Baroque, Classicism, Rococo, Art Nouveau Houses)
* Nádor Hotel (1846) in Széchenyi Square
* County House in Széchenyi Square
* City Hall in Széchenyi Square
* Synagogue (1869)
* Building of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1884)
* National Theatre of Pécs (Nemzeti Színház), inaugurated in 1895.
* Eosin glaze of Zsolnay fountain
* Posta (Post) Palace
* Hungaricum House
* Janus Pannonius Museum
* Renaissance Museum
* Csontváry Museum
* Zsolnay Museum
* Zsolnay Mausoleum
* Victor Vasarely Museum
* Amerigo Tot Museum
* Ethnographic Museum in Pécs
* Natural History Museum in Pécs
* Szerecsen Chemist's Museum
* Gallery of Pécs
* Museum Street
* Zsolnay Mausoleum
* Bóbita (punch and judy show)
* Janus (Pannonius) Theatre
* Croatian Theatre in Pécs
* Third Theatre
* Zoological Garden in Pécs
* Love padlocks
* Magasház (formerly – was deconstructed in 2016)
* TV-Tower in Mecsek Mountain (1960)

## Demographics

[edit]

The majority of the citizens with 84.0% are Hungarians according to the 2011 census. The city's Germans are the largest minority with 4.2%. Followed by the Roma (2.0%), the Croats (1.2%) and the Romanians (0.2%).[2]

The largest religious group is the Catholics with 39.7% Roman Catholic and 0.3% Greek Catholic. The second largest denomination is the Calvinists (5.2%), the third the Lutherans (1.3%). 27.8% of the population is non-religious.[2]

Due to the number of international students studying and living in Pécs, a notable diversity of non-permanent citizens could be obviously seen around the city.

## Climate

[edit]

Pécs's climate is classified as humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Among them, the annual average temperature is 11.5 °C (52.7 °F), the hottest months are July and August with 30.0 °C (86.0 °F), and the coldest month is January with 0.4 °C (32.7 °F). The annual precipitation is 670.9 millimetres (26.41 in), of which June is the wettest with 82.8 millimetres (3.26 in), while January is the driest with only 31.2 millimetres (1.23 in). The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from −27.0 °C (−16.6 °F) on January 23, 1942 to 41.3 °C (106.3 °F) on July 7, 1950.[24]

Climate data for Pécs, 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1901-2020

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 17.0
(62.6)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 29.9
(85.8)  | 33.8
(92.8)  | 38.9
(102.0)  | 41.3
(106.3)  | 39.6
(103.3)  | 35.2
(95.4)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 24.4
(75.9)  | 19.5
(67.1)  | 41.3
(106.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | 6.2
(43.2)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 21.8
(71.2)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 27.7
(81.9)  | 27.6
(81.7)  | 22.2
(72.0)  | 16.6
(61.9)  | 9.9
(49.8)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 16.2
(61.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 0.4
(32.7)  | 2.1
(35.8)  | 6.6
(43.9)  | 11.9
(53.4)  | 16.4
(61.5)  | 20.2
(68.4)  | 22.0
(71.6)  | 22.0
(71.6)  | 16.9
(62.4)  | 11.7
(53.1)  | 6.1
(43.0)  | 1.2
(34.2)  | 11.5
(52.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −2.4
(27.7)  | −1.2
(29.8)  | 2.4
(36.3)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 11.3
(52.3)  | 14.9
(58.8)  | 16.5
(61.7)  | 16.5
(61.7)  | 12.2
(54.0)  | 7.5
(45.5)  | 3.1
(37.6)  | −1.4
(29.5)  | 7.2
(45.0)
Record low °C (°F)  | −27.0
(−16.6)  | −24.1
(−11.4)  | −16.2
(2.8)  | −6.9
(19.6)  | −2.6
(27.3)  | 0.8
(33.4)  | 5.4
(41.7)  | 3.4
(38.1)  | 0.4
(32.7)  | −9.0
(15.8)  | −13.0
(8.6)  | −22.1
(−7.8)  | −27.0
(−16.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 31.2
(1.23)  | 37.4
(1.47)  | 33.6
(1.32)  | 43.6
(1.72)  | 81.3
(3.20)  | 82.8
(3.26)  | 69.4
(2.73)  | 63.5
(2.50)  | 71.6
(2.82)  | 57.3
(2.26)  | 51.8
(2.04)  | 47.4
(1.87)  | 670.9
(26.41)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.1  | 6.9  | 5.8  | 6.8  | 9.4  | 8.5  | 7.6  | 6.6  | 7.6  | 6.6  | 7.9  | 7.5  | 87.3
Average relative humidity (%)  | 82.1  | 75.3  | 66.6  | 62.1  | 65.6  | 66.8  | 63.4  | 63.0  | 68.3  | 74.7  | 82.3  | 84.8  | 71.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.2  | 92.4  | 145.7  | 186.0  | 235.6  | 258.0  | 294.5  | 266.6  | 207.0  | 164.3  | 81.0  | 58.9  | 2,058.2
Source 1: NOAA[25]
Source 2: HungaroMet (Extremes)[24] Hong Kong Observatory (sun 1961-1990)[26]

## Economy

[edit]

The most known product of Pécs is the Zsolnay Porcelain \- Alhambra vase by Tádé Sikorski (1884)

Historically Pécs was well known in Hungary for its industry with several factories, but after the fall of the Iron Curtain many have not managed the economic transition well and went bankrupt (e.g. Pécsi Kesztyűgyár, Pécsi Bőrgyár, Littke Pezsgőgyár etc.).[27] Until some years ago, it had a coal and uranium mine, now only its sand mine exists and is operated by the Hungarian-owned Quartz[28] mining company.

The nationally (and to a limited extent internationally) famous porcelain factory, the Zsolnay Porcelain is the greatest pride of Pécs. The walls and roofs of several public and private buildings in the city are decorated with the company's porcelains contributing to Pécs's unique cityscape.

The Pécsi Sörfőzde (Pécs Brewery) is one of the four main Hungarian breweries (the others being Dreher Breweries, Borsod Brewery, Heineken Hungária), but the only one of them owned fully by Hungarians. It produces a special beer, that is known for not being strained before bottling.[29]

The Hungarian textilmanufacturer Rovitex Hungária,[30] the American crane manufacturer Terex,[31] the Hungarian scale manufacturer Pécsi Mérlegstúdió,[32] the Hungarian furniture manufacturer Megyeri Bútor,[33] the Hungarian cutting-tool manufacturer FORSZ,[34] the German switchboard manufacturer HB-Kapcsolószekrénygyártó (part of the Bader Gruppe),[35] the Hungarian recycling company Alcufer,[36] the Hungarian agricultural vehiclemanufacturer HIDROT,[37] the Hungarian animal husbandry tool manufacturer Önitató,[38] the tobacco factory Pécsi Dohánygyár (owned by British American Tobacco), the Hungarian automotive spare parts manufacturer Matro,[39] the Hungarian safe manufacturer Strauss Metal,[40] the Hungarian packaging machine manufacturer SOMAPAK,[41] the Hungarian plastics producer Termoplast,[42] the Bocz Printing House,[43] the Hungarian pickles manufacturer Babina,[44] the Hungarian plastic product manufacturer Karsai Pécs,[45] the Hungarian metal manufacturer Riner Metal[46] based there and have their production facilities in the city.

There is a gradual development of modern high-tech industry, with Finnish electronics manufacturing company Elcoteq the largest industrial employer in the city, the Hungarian Z Elektronika[47] electronics manufacturer and the Hungarian TG Netcom[48] IT network manufacturer.

The German transportation company, Dachser has a logistics centre in Pécs.[49]

The Biokom[50] waste management and recycling company (owned by the city) is responsible for the transport and recycling of waste in the whole territory of Pécs and the surrounding areas. The energy used in the settlement is produced mainly by the two biomass power plants of Pannonpower (part of Veolia) which consists of a 49,9 MW woodchip-fired and a 35 MW agricultural by-product-fired powerplants.[51] The country's largest solar cell field is also in Pécs, thanks to the city's southern location and longer sunny hours, which can produce about 10 MW energy a year. The solar power plant is operated by MVM Hungarowind (part of the MVM Group).[52]

The Expo Center Pécs Exhibition and Conference Centre provides place for international exhibitions and conferences.[53]

## Education

[edit]

The University of Pécs was founded by Louis I of Hungary in 1367. It is the oldest university in Hungary, and is among the first European universities. In the recent past it used to be divided in two universities, one for Medicine and Orthodontics (POTE)[54] and a larger one for other studies: JPTE (Janus Pannonius Tudományegyetem). The POTE (Pécs University Medical School, now known as the Medical School) has a large English program for general medicine and dentistry (with students from America, Asia, Africa, and European countries - including many Scandinavians) and a new German program. On 1 January 2000 these universities were combined under the name University of Pécs (acronym: PTE - Pécsi Tudományegyetem - University of Pécs). Nowadays, the University of Pécs has become the most internationalized university in Hungary with around 5000 international students out of the total of approximately 20000 students (around 25%).[55]

Further information: Elementary School of Bártfa Utca

## Politics

[edit]

The current mayor of Pécs is Attila Péterffy (Pécs Jövője, Öt Torony).

The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 26 members (1 Mayor, 18 Individual constituencies councillors and 7 Compensation List councillors) divided into this political parties and alliances:[56] Fidesz policies in Pécs have included a law making homelessness illegal (2014)[57] and an official call to property owners not to make space available for an NGO supported by OSF (2017).[58]

Party  | Seats  | Current Municipal Assembly

|
|

| Pécs Jövője[a] | 18 | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fidesz-KDNP-ÖPE  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Politics Can Be Different | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### List of mayors

[edit]

List of City Mayors from 1990:

Member  | Party  | Term of office

|
|

Zoltán Krippl |  | SZDSZ | 1990–1994
Zsolt Páva |  | Fidesz | 1994–1998
László Toller |  | MSZP | 1998–2006
Péter Tasnádi |  | MSZP  | 2006–2009
Zsolt Páva |  | Fidesz  | 2009–2019
Attila Péterffy |  | Independent[a] | 2019–

## Transport

[edit]

Trains at Pécs Central Station Volvo 7900A bus on Line 2A in downtown International airport

### Roads

[edit]

* The M6/M60 motorway connects Pécs and Budapest with the driving time between the two cities taking about 2 hours now. The entire route opened on 31 March 2010. Route 6 crosses the city giving it an east–west axle and leaves it towards Barcs by the Croatian border. Secondary routes are:
* Route 57: Pécs - Mohács,
* Route 58: Pécs - Drávaszabolcs,
* Route 66: Pécs - Kaposvár.

### Railway

[edit]

Pécs is connected to Budapest through Pusztaszabolcs, and has direct connections to Mohács, Nagykanizsa.

Designed by Ferenc Pfaff,[59] the main railway station was built in 1900 and became a listed building in 2008.[60] The building itself was built in the style of Renaissance Eclecticism, and it features reliefs depicting James Watt and George Stephenson designed by Ármin Klein and made by the Zsolnay factory.[61] A mass transit hub -including a bus terminal, a bus stop and a cab rank zone- is situated on the square in front of the railway station.

#### Tram

[edit]

A tram formerly operated in the city from 1914 to 1960.[citation needed]

### Buses

[edit]

Main article: Buses in Pécs

Buses are the primary form of public transport in the city.

### Airport

[edit]

A new airport opened in Pécs Pécs-Pogány International Airport in March 2006. Its main traffic is supplied by smaller charter planes.

## Sport

[edit]

* Pécsi MFC, football club playing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II
* Pécsi Vasutas SK, football club playing in the Baranya megye (regional) league
* PEAC-Pécs first-class women's professional basketball team
* Pécsi VSK, men's water polo team
* Pécsi Indiánok SK, rugby club

## Notable people born in Pécs

[edit]

Olga Tass, Olympic gymnast

* Károly Balogh Mankóbüki president of the Royal Court of Pécs.
* Marcel Breuer, architect and furniture designer
* Pál Dárdai, football player
* Petar Dobrović, Serb painter and president of the short-lived Baranya-Baja Republic
* József Eötvös (musician), guitarist
* Dezső Ernster, Metropolitan Opera bass
* Sigismund Ernuszt, bishop of Pécs
* Dorka Juhász, WNBA playerLipót Fejér, mathematician
* Alfréd (Fred) Forbát, Bauhaus architect
* Zoltán Gera, football player
* Leopold Hirschfeld, brewer, founder of the Pécsi Sörfőzde
* János Horvay, sculptor
* Katinka Hosszú, swimmer, 3 x gold medallist at the 2016 Olympic Games
* Zsuzsanna Jakabos, swimmerLászló Sólyom, Hungarian President, 2005–2010
* Jenő Jandó, pianist
* Dorka Juhász, WNBA player
* György Klimó, bishop of Pécs, founder of press and public library
* Dezső Lauber, sportsman and architect
* László Lénárd, neuroscientist, physician
* Kató Lomb, interpreter, language master
* Maximinus (Praetorian Prefect)
* Farkas Molnár (1897–1945) was a Hungarian architect, painter, essayist, and graphic artist.
* Janus Pannonius, bishop of Pécs
* İbrahim Peçevi (Ibrahim of Pécs), Ottoman historian and chronicler
* Karl (Freiherr) von Pflanzer-Baltin
* Anton von Rosas, ophthalmologist
* Joe Rudán, singer
* László Sólyom, president of Hungary
* Béla Tarr, film director
* Olga Tass, Olympic gymnast
* Victor Vasarely, artist
* Balázs Zamostny (born in 1992), Hungarian footballer
* Teréz Zsolnay, applied artist, writer
* Vilmos Zsolnay, industrialist, entrepreneur, applied artist, writer

## Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary

Pécs is twinned with:[62][63]

* Arad, Romania
* Beyoğlu, Turkey
* Cluj-Napoca, Romania
* Fellbach, Germany
* Graz, Austria
* Kraków, Poland
* Kütahya, Turkey
* Lahti, Finland
* Novi Sad, Serbia
* Olomouc, Czech Republic
* Osijek, Croatia
* Seattle, United States
* Shiraz, Iran
* Shkodër, Albania
* Sliven, Bulgaria
* Terracina, Italy
* Tucson, United States
* Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Zagreb, Croatia

The city also has an informal friendship link with Peterborough, England.

## Gallery

[edit]

* Cathedral

* Archives of Pécs

* Inner city

* Mosque of Pasha Qasim

* Király Street

* University of Pécs

* Király Street

* Posta Palace

* Eosin glaze of Zsolnay fountain

* Jókai Square

* City Centre

* Nádor Hotel

* Chapel

* Havihegy Chapel

* Ruins in Tettye

*   * Synagogue

* Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque

* Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs

* University of Pécs \- Faculty of Humanity and Natural Sciences

* Lajos Kossuth statue

* Kossuth square and Great Synagogue

* French (Napoleonic War) monument

* Tettye

* Aerial view

* Panorama

* Pannonpower Energy Station

* Logo of the 2010 European Capital of Culture

## See also

[edit]

* Love padlocks
* Music of Pécs
* Pécs Brewery
* Pécs Power Station
* Lake Pécs

## References

[edit]

* History of Pécs (in Hungarian)

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2. ^ a b c d "Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary". www.ksh.hu. Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
3. ^ a b Slovenská reč: časopis pre výskum a kultúru slovenského jazyka - Google Knihy. 1998. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
4. ^ Kniezsa, István (1962). Beke, Ödön (ed.). "Pécs város neve" [The name of the city of Pécs]. Magyar Nyelvőr: 326–329.
5. ^ Pécs klímája Archived 2008-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
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10. ^ Kleindel: Österreich, Zahlen – Daten - Fakten, Sonderausgabe A&M 2004, ISBN 3-902397-49-7
11. ^ www.okm.gov.hu, Oktatási és Kulturális Minisztérium oldala, Az Oktatási Évkönyv 2008/2009 letölthető PDF-formátumban. Archived 2007-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
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13. ^ İbrahim Peçevi (Ibrahim Pečevija), an Ottoman Historian from Pécs Writing on Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina (in Croatian). University of Zagreb. Retrieved 2 June 2023
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27. ^ Viktor, Gyimesi (26 July 2016). "Tele van Pécs az iparoscsaládok örökségeivel". www.pecsma.hu. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
28. ^ "Quartz Kft - Bemutatkozás". quartzkft.hu. Archived from the original on 2017-08-26. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
29. ^ "A stílusod egyedi, kívül, belül - Pécsi Sör". pecsisor.hu. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
30. ^ "Új gyártócsarnokot kap a pécsi Rovitex Hungária Kft. - BEOL". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
31. ^ "Locations - Terex Cranes". www.terex.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
32. ^ "Cégünkről". merlegstudio.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
33. ^ butorlapszabaszat.hu. "Megyeri Bútor Kft. – bútorlapszabászat – Pécs - Országos Bútorlapszabászat és Lapszabászat kereső". butorlapszabaszat.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
34. ^ "FORSZ Ltd. -". forszkft.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
35. ^ "Kontakt". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
36. ^ "Bemutatkozás — Alcufer Kft". www.alcufer.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-04-30. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
37. ^ Kft., Markcon Informatikai. "HIDROT Kft. » Cégbemutató". hidrot.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
38. ^ "Önitató". Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
39. ^ "Rólunk – Matro". matro.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
40. ^ "Rólunk - Strauss Metal Kft. Biztonságtechnika kis és nagyker, Páncélszekrény, széf, lemezszekrény gyártás, Lemezvágás, Lemezmegmunkálás, lézervágás, élhajlítás". www.straussmetal.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
41. ^ "Somapak - History". somapak.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
42. ^ "Company review - TERMOPLAST Műanyagfeloldgozó Kkt". www.termoplast.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
43. ^ "Bocz nyomdaipari Kft. – Ofszet- és digitális nyomda Pécsen". bocznyomda.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
44. ^ Kft., Markcon Informatikai. "Pannon Flavour". pannonflavours.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
45. ^ "Karsai Pecs Kft. Company Profile - EMIS". www.emis.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
46. ^ Web-E. "Riner-Metal Kft". riner.hu. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
47. ^ "Z Elektronika Kft". zelektronika.eu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
48. ^ "TG Netcom Kft. - Our company". www.tgnetcom.hu. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
49. ^ "Dachser Telephelyek". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
50. ^ "CÉGBEMUTATÁS - Biokom". Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
51. ^ "Pannonpower - Tevékenységünk". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
52. ^ Zrt., REGON Média. "Óriási naperőmű épült a pécsi hőerőmű helyére". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
53. ^ "Expo Center Pécs". www.expocenterpecs.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
54. ^ "PTE Általános Orvostudományi Kar". PTE Általános Orvostudományi Kar. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
55. ^ "International Relations in a Nutshell". international.pte.hu. Archived from the original on 2022-01-29. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
56. ^ "Városi közgyűlés tagjai 2019-2024 - Pécs (Baranya megye)". valasztas.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
57. ^ "Pécs bans homeless from public areas". The Budapest Beacon. 2014-09-26. Archived from the original on 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
58. ^ "Pécs adopts declaration calling on property owners to refrain from renting property to OSF grantee". The Budapest Beacon. 2017-12-14. Archived from the original on 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
59. ^ www.idokep.hu, Pécs[permanent dead link‍]
60. ^ napilapcsoport.hu. "Pécsi Napilap". www.pecsinapilap.hu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
61. ^ "Pécs railway station". sketchup.google.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
62. ^ "Twin cities of Pécs". pecseconomy.eu. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Pécs-Baranya. Archived from the original on 2022-02-20. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
63. ^ "Binjakëzim mes Shkodrës dhe qytetit Pec në Hungari". ata.gov.al (in Albanian). Agjencia Telegrafike Shqiptare. 2018-10-12. Archived from the original on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

Notes

1. ^ a b Supported by Opposition coalition.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pécs.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pécs.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Pécs".

* Official homepage
* Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
* Baranya County Museums' Directorate
* Pécs in 360 panoramic images
* Aerial photography: Pécs
* Glas Koncila Hrvatska nazočnost u "gradu s pet crkava", Oct 7, 2007 (page about Croats in Pécs)
* Mecsek-1956-History
* Pécs szállás (accommodation)
* Pécs at funiq.hu (in English)
* Csakis itt Pécsen! – videoclip

* v
* t
* e

Towns and villages of Pécs District

City with county rights (1)|

* Pécs (district seat)

Town (1)|

* Kozármisleny

Villages (38)|

* Abaliget
* Aranyosgadány
* Áta
* Bakonya
* Berkesd
* Birján
* Bogád
* Bosta
* Cserkút
* Egerág
* Ellend
* Gyód
* Görcsöny
* Hosszúhetény
* Husztót
* Keszü
* Kisherend
* Kovácsszénája
* Kökény
* Kővágószőlős
* Kővágótöttös
* Lothárd
* Magyarsarlós
* Nagykozár
* Orfű
* Ócsárd
* Pécsudvard
* Pellérd
* Pereked
* Pogány
* Regenye
* Romonya
* Szalánta
* Szemely
* Szilágy
* Szilvás
* Szőke
* Szőkéd

* v
* t
* e

Baranya County

City with county rights|

* Pécs (county seat)

Towns|

* Bóly
* Harkány
* Komló
* Kozármisleny
* Mágocs
* Mohács
* Pécsvárad
* Sásd
* Sellye
* Siklós
* Szentlőrinc
* Szigetvár
* Villány

Large villages|

* Beremend
* Szászvár
* Vajszló

Villages|

* Abaliget
* Adorjás
* Ág
* Almamellék
* Almáskeresztúr
* Alsómocsolád
* Alsószentmárton
* Apátvarasd
* Aranyosgadány
* Áta
* Babarc
* Babarcszőlős
* Bakóca
* Bakonya
* Baksa
* Bánfa
* Baranyahídvég
* Baranyajenő
* Baranyaszentgyörgy
* Basal
* Belvárdgyula
* Berkesd
* Besence
* Bezedek
* Bicsérd
* Bikal
* Birján
* Bisse
* Boda
* Bodolyabér
* Bogdása
* Bogád
* Bogádmindszent
* Boldogasszonyfa
* Borjád
* Bosta
* Botykapeterd
* Bükkösd
* Bár
* Bürüs
* Csányoszró
* Csarnóta
* Csebény
* Cserdi
* Cserkút
* Csertő
* Csonkamindszent
* Cún
* Dencsháza
* Dinnyeberki
* Diósviszló
* Drávacsehi
* Drávacsepely
* Drávafok
* Drávaiványi
* Drávakeresztúr
* Drávapalkonya
* Drávapiski
* Drávaszabolcs
* Drávaszerdahely
* Drávasztára
* Dunaszekcső
* Egerág
* Egyházasharaszti
* Egyházaskozár
* Ellend
* Endrőc
* Erdősmecske
* Erdősmárok
* Erzsébet
* Fazekasboda
* Feked
* Felsőegerszeg
* Felsőszentmárton
* Garé
* Gerde
* Geresdlak
* Gerényes
* Gilvánfa
* Gödre
* Görcsöny
* Görcsönydoboka
* Gordisa
* Gyód
* Gyöngyfa
* Gyöngyösmellék
* Hásságy
* Hegyhátmaróc
* Hegyszentmárton
* Helesfa
* Hetvehely
* Hidas
* Himesháza
* Hirics
* Hobol
* Homorúd
* Horváthertelend
* Hosszúhetény
* Husztót
* Ibafa
* Illocska
* Ipacsfa
* Ivánbattyán
* Ivándárda
* Kacsóta
* Kákics
* Kárász
* Kásád
* Kátoly
* Katádfa
* Kékesd
* Kémes
* Kemse
* Keresztespuszta
* Keszü
* Kétújfalu
* Királyegyháza
* Kisasszonyfa
* Kisbeszterce
* Kisbudmér
* Kisdobsza
* Kisdér
* Kishajmás
* Kisharsány
* Kisherend
* Kisjakabfalva
* Kiskassa
* Kislippó
* Kisnyárád
* Kisszentmárton
* Kistamási
* Kistapolca
* Kistótfalu
* Kisvaszar
* Kisújbánya
* Köblény
* Kökény
* Kölked
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Other topics|

* History
* Geography
* Government
* Economy
* Culture
* Tourism

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County seats of Hungary

|  |

* Békéscsaba, Békés
* Budapest, Pest
* Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar
* Eger, Heves

* Győr, Győr-Moson-Sopron
* Kaposvár, Somogy
* Kecskemét, Bács-Kiskun
* Miskolc, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

* Nyíregyháza, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
* Pécs, Baranya
* Salgótarján, Nógrád
* Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád

* Székesfehérvár, Fejér
* Szekszárd, Tolna
* Szolnok, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
* Szombathely, Vas

* Tatabánya, Komárom-Esztergom
* Veszprém, Veszprém
* Zalaegerszeg, Zala

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Largest cities in Hungary

1,000,000+|

* Budapest

150,000+|

* Debrecen
* Szeged
* Miskolc

100,000+|

* Pécs
* Győr
* Nyíregyháza
* Kecskemét

50,000+|

* Székesfehérvár
* Szombathely
* Érd
* Szolnok
* Tatabánya
* Sopron
* Kaposvár
* Veszprém
* Békéscsaba
* Zalaegerszeg

* v
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* e

Cities with county rights of Hungary (alphabetical order)

* Baja (Bács-Kiskun)
* Békéscsaba (Békés)
* Debrecen (Hajdú-Bihar)
* Dunaújváros (Fejér)
* Eger (Heves)
* Érd (Pest)
* Esztergom (Komárom-Esztergom)
* Győr (Győr-Moson-Sopron)
* Hódmezővásárhely (Csongrád-Csanád)
* Kaposvár (Somogy)
* Kecskemét (Bács-Kiskun)
* Miskolc (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén)
* Nagykanizsa (Zala)
* Nyíregyháza (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg)
* Pécs (Baranya)
* Salgótarján (Nógrád)
* Sopron (Győr-Moson-Sopron)
* Szeged (Csongrád-Csanád)
* Szekszárd (Tolna)
* Székesfehérvár (Fejér)
* Szolnok (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok)
* Szombathely (Vas)
* Tatabánya (Komárom-Esztergom)
* Veszprém (Veszprém)
* Zalaegerszeg (Zala)

* v
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* e

European Capitals of Culture

1985
Athens
1986
Florence
1987
Amsterdam
1988
West Berlin
1989
Paris
1990
Glasgow
1991
Dublin
1992
Madrid
1993
Antwerp
1994
Lisbon
1995
Luxembourg City
1996
Copenhagen
1997
Thessaloniki
1998
Stockholm
1999
Weimar
2000
Reykjavík
Bergen
Helsinki
Brussels
Prague
Kraków
Santiago de Compostela
Avignon
Bologna
2001
Rotterdam
Porto
2002
Bruges
Salamanca
2003
Graz
Plovdiv
2004
Genoa
Lille
2005
Cork
2006
Patras
2007
Luxembourg City
Sibiu
2008
Liverpool
Stavanger
2009
Linz
Vilnius
2010
Essen
Istanbul
Pécs
2011
Turku
Tallinn
2012
Maribor
Guimarães
2013
Košice
Marseille
2014
Umeå
Riga
2015
Mons
Plzeň
2016
San Sebastián
Wrocław
2017
Aarhus
Paphos
2018
Valletta
Leeuwarden
2019
Plovdiv
Matera
2020-April 2021
Rijeka
Galway
2022
Kaunas
Esch-sur-Alzette
Novi Sad
2023
Veszprém
Timișoara
Elefsina
2024
Tartu
Bad Ischl
Bodø
2025
Nova Gorica / Gorizia
Chemnitz
2026
Oulu
Trenčín
2027
Liepāja

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World Heritage Sites in Hungary

Cultural|

* Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
* Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)
* Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings
* Hortobágy National Park \- the Puszta
* Fertő / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape1
* Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment
* Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape

borderFlag of Hungary

Natural|

* Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst2

* 1 Shared with Austria
* 2 Shared with Slovakia

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* 2
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Vatican
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* IdRef

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
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