Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

Biosphere reserve in India, designated in 2009

Pachmarhi Valley, in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.

The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is a non-use conservation area and biosphere reserve in the Satpura Range of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India.[1]

The conservation area was created in 1999 by the Indian government. It also contains animals from the Himalayan mountains and from the lower Western Ghats. UNESCO designated it a biosphere reserve in 2009.

## Geography[edit]

The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is located within areas of Narmadapuram, Betul, and Chhindwara Districts in Madhya Pradesh.[2]

The biosphere reserve's total area is 4,926.28 square kilometres (1,217,310 acres). It includes three wildlife conservation units:[3]

* Bori Sanctuary (518.00 km2)
* Pachmarhi Sanctuary (461.37 km2).
* Satpura National Park (524.37 km2)

Satpura National Park is designated as the core zone and the remaining area of 4401.91 km2, including the Bori and Pachmarhi sanctuaries, serves as the buffer zone.

Waterfall in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

## Ecology[edit]

The reserve is composed primarily of forest habitats, and is an important transition zone between the forest species of western and eastern India.

### Flora[edit]

Flowering twigs of Chironji (Buchanania cochinchinensis) growing at Pachmarchi hill

The forests are dominated by teak (Tectona grandis). They include the westernmost groves of salt (Shorea robusta), which is the dominant tree of eastern India's forests. Other endemic vegetation includes wild mango, silver fern, jamun and arjun.[4] The Cuddapah almond trees are abundantly found over the hills of Pachmarchi.

Fourteen ethno-botanical plant species that occur in PBR have been studied, which are traded from the selected villages of the buffer zone area of PBR. Different plant parts of these important species are collected by the local people for their own consumption and trade. A part of the reserve vegetation has been studied by Prof. Chandra Prakash Kala, especially with respect to the indigenous uses of the plants.

### Fauna[edit]

Large mammal species include tigers, leopard, wild bear, gaur (Bos gaurus), chital deer (Axis axis), muntjac deer, sambar deer (Cervus multicolor), and rhesus macaque live in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.[5]

The endemic fauna includes chinkara, nilgai, Asian wild dogs, the Indian wolf, bison, Indian giant squirrels, and flying squirrels.

## See also[edit]

* Biosphere reserves of India
* Wildlife sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh
* Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Panchmarhi - United Nations Educations".
2. ^ "Complete Guide to Panchamarhi Biosphere Reserve". 19 December 2016.
3. ^ "What does Panchamarhi Reserve consists of - Quora".
4. ^ National Council of Educational Research and Training. "Science: Textbook for Class VIII". Publication Department, 2010, p.800 .
5. ^ "Panchamaarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh - Toppr".

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.

* "Pachmarhi - New Biosphere Reserve"
* Biosphere Reserves of India
* Enviro News, May 1999

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Narmada basin

Rivers|

| Tributaries|

* Narmada
* Kharmer
* Burhner
* Banjar
* Temur
* Sanair (Saner)
* Sher
* Shakkar
* Dudhi
* Sukhri
* Tawa
* Hather
* Ganjal
* Ajnal
* Machak
* Chhota Tawa
* Kaveri (MP)
* Khurkia
* Kundi
* Borad
* Deb
* Goi
* Karjan
* Silgi
* Balai
* Gaur
* Hiran
* Biranjo
* Tendoni
* Barna
* Kolar (MP)
* Sip
* Jamner
* Chandrakeshar
* Khari
* Kenar
* Choral
* Karam
* Man
* Uri
* Hathni
* Orsang

|

Sub-tributaries|

* Denwa
* Machna
* Veda
* Abna
* Sitarewa
* Barurewa
* Morand
* Sukhi
* Baghni

Dams, barrages|

* Narmada Canal
* Indirasagar Dam
* Sardar Sarovar Dam
* Bargi Dam
* Omkareshwar Dam
* Bhadbhut barrage
* Tawa Reservoir
* Barna Dam
* Kolar Dam (Bhopal)
* Sukhi Dam
* Narmada Valley Development Authority

Geographical
features/ regions|

* Marble Rocks
* Dhuandhar Falls
* Patalpani waterfall
* Deccan Plateau
* Gulf of Khambhat
* Satpura Range
* Malwa
* Bori Reserve Forest
* Bori Wildlife Sanctuary
* Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
* Kanha Tiger Reserve
* Satpura National Park
* Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
* Bagh Caves
* Bhimbetka rock shelters

Riparian districts|

| Madhya Pradesh|

* Anuppur
* Dindori
* Mandla
* Balaghat
* Seoni
* Jabalpur
* Katni
* Narsinghpur
* Sagar
* Umaria
* Damoh
* Chhindwara
* Harda
* Narmadapuram
* Betul
* Raisen
* Bhopal
* Sehore
* Khandwa
* Burhanpur
* Khargone
* Dewas
* Indore
* Dhar
* Jhabua
* Alirajpur
* Barwani

|

Maharashtra|

* Nandurbar

Gujarat|

* Narmada
* Vadodara
* Bharuch
* Chhota Udaipur

Chhattisgarh|

* Bilaspur
* Kabeerdham
* Rajnandgaon

Cities|

* Jabalpur
* Bharuch
* Ankleshwar
* Narmadapuram
* Khandwa
* Khargone
* Betul
* Narsinghpur

Languages/ people|

* Indo-Aryan languages
* Hindi
* Bhili
* Khandeshi
* Marathi
* Gujarati
* Nimadi

Controversies|

* Narmada Bachao Andolan

Transport|

* NH 3
* NH 7
* NH 8
* Jabalpur–Bhusaval section
* Bhopal–Nagpur section

Other basins|

* Mahanadi–Brahmani–Baitarani
* Damodar
* Godavari
* Kosi
* Son

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

Other|

* IdRef

22°28′N 78°25′E﻿ / ﻿22.47°N 78.41°E﻿ / 22.47; 78.41
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