Pact for Italy

Italian electoral alliance

Pact for Italy

Patto per l'Italia

Leader| Mariotto Segni
Mino Martinazzoli
Founded| January 1994
Dissolved| March 1995
Ideology| Liberalism
Christian democracy
Political position| Centre

* Politics of Italy
* Political parties
* Elections

The Pact for Italy (Italian: Patto per l'Italia) was a centrist political and electoral alliance in Italy launched by Mario Segni and Mino Martinazzoli in 1994.[1][2]

## History

[edit]

The alliance was composed of the Italian People's Party (PPI), the main successor party to Christian Democracy, the Segni Pact,[3] the Liberal Democratic Union of Valerio Zanone and remnants of the Italian Republican Party (PRI), alongside a certain number of independent politicians coming from the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.[4]

Originally Lega Nord was to also join the alliance, but Lega Nord leader Umberto Bossi decided to join Silvio Berlusconi's Pole of Freedoms instead.[5][6]

The alliance finished third place in the 1994 general election, behind the centre-right Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government and the left-wing Alliance of Progressives. The alliance returned 33 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.[7]

After the election, the alliance was disbanded. The PPI suffered a split of those who wanted to join Berlusconi's centre-right coalition (breaking from the PPI and forming the United Christian Democrats of Rocco Buttiglione) and those who wanted to ally with the left-wing Democratic Party of the Left (PDS).[8] The remaining PPI joined the PDS in the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree led by Romano Prodi.[8] Segni Pact become a minor force and formed the Pact of Democrats joint electoral list with Italian Renewal and the Italian Socialists for the 1996 general election in support of The Olive Tree.[9] The Italian Republican Party and the Liberal Democratic Union joined the list Populars for Prodi, also in support for The Olive Tree.[10]

## Composition

[edit]

It was composed of the following political parties:

Party  | Ideology  | Leader

|
|

| Italian People's Party (PPI)  | Christian democracy | Mino Martinazzoli
| Segni Pact (PS)  | Centrism | Mariotto Segni
| Italian Republican Party (PRI)  | Liberalism | Giorgio La Malfa
| Liberal Democratic Union (ULD)  | Liberalism | Valerio Zanone

The Pact was also joined by a number of former members of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), now running as independents, such as Giuliano Amato[11] and Giulio Tremonti.[12]

## Electoral results

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Chamber of Deputies | Senate of the Republic

|
|
|

Votes  | %  | Seats  | Position  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | Position
1994 | Mario Segni | 6,019,038  | 15.63  |

4 / 630

| 3rd  | 5,519,090  | 16.69  |

31 / 315

| 3rd

## References

[edit]

1. ^ David Broughton (1999). Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 78\. ISBN 978-1-85567-328-1. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
2. ^ Leonardo Morlino (1995). "Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe". In Richard Gunther; Nikiforos P. Diamandouros; Hans-Jürgen Puhle (eds.). The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. JHU Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-8018-4982-4.
3. ^ Guido Ortona; Stefania Ottone; Ferruccio Ponzano (2007). "A simulative assessment of the Italian electoral system". In Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti (eds.). Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer. p. 34\. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.
4. ^ Stephen P. Koff (2000). Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic. Routledge. p. 71\. ISBN 978-1-134-64369-1.
5. ^ Galli, Giorgio (2001). I partiti politici italiani. Milan: BUR. pp. 394–395.
6. ^ Signore, Adalberto; Trocino, Alessandro (2008). Razza padana. Milan: BUR. pp. 79–82.
7. ^ Aldo di Virgilio; Steven R. Reed (2011). "Nominating Candidates Under New Rules in Italy and Japan: You Cannot Bargain with Resources You Do Not Have". In Daniela Giannetti; Bernard Grofman (eds.). A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 83\. ISBN 978-1-4419-7228-6.
8. ^ a b Gino Moliterno, ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 852\. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.
9. ^ André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323\. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.
10. ^ Bull, Martin; Rhodes, Martin (1997). Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics. Routledge. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-135-22274-1.
11. ^ "In cinque punti il programma del Patto per l'Italia". Corriere della Sera. 13 February 1994.
12. ^ "Tremonti e Martino: amici ma avversari". Corriere della Sera. 26 March 1994.

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Historical political parties in Italy

Communist|

* Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)
* Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)
* Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)
* Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)

Democratic socialist|

* Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)
* Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)
* Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)
* Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)
* Democratic Left (2007–2010)
* Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)

Green|

* Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)
* Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)
* Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)

Social-democratic and liberal-socialist|

* Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930)
* Action Party (1929–1947)
* Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)
* Union of Socialists (1948–1949)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)
* Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)
* Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)
* Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)
* Labour Federation (1994–1998)
* Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)
* Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)
* Article One (2017–2023)

Radical and social-liberal|

* Action Party (1853–1867)
* Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)
* Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Social Democracy (1922–1926)
* Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)
* Radical Party (1955–1989)
* Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)
* The Network (1991–1999)

Centrist and centrist liberal|

* Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926)
* Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)
* Union for the Republic
* Italian Renewal (1996–2002)
* The Democrats (1999–2002)
* Segni Pact (1993–2003)
* Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)
* Civic Choice (2013–2019)
* Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)

Regionalist and federalist|

* Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)
* Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)
* Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)
* Great South (2011–2013)

Christian-democratic|

* Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)
* Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)
* Italian People's Party (1919–1926)
* Christian Democracy (1943–1994)
* Italian People's Party (1994–2002)
* Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)
* Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)
* United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)
* European Democracy (2001–2002)
* Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)
* Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)

Conservative-liberal|

* Liberal Union (1913–1922)
* Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)
* National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)
* Union of the Centre

Liberal-conservative|

* Economic Party (1919–1924)
* Forza Italia (1994–2009)
* The People of Freedom (2009–2013)
* Future and Freedom (2010–2014)
* New Centre-Right (2013–2017)
* Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
* Direction Italy (2017–2019)
* Cambiamo! (2019–2022)

National-conservative|

* Common Man's Front (1946–1949)
* Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)
* People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)
* Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)
* National Democracy (1977–1979)
* National Alliance (1995–2009)

Nationalist|

* Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)
* Combatants' Party (1919–1923)
* National Fascist Party (1921–1943)
* Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
* Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)

* List of political parties in Italy
* 19th-century Italian political groups
* Early 20th-century Italian political parties
* 1950s–1990s Italian political parties
* Current Italian political parties

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