Pakhala

Dish in Odia cuisine of India

Pakhala
ପଖାଳ

Course| Saja Pakhaḷa (Freshly cooked rice), Basi Pakhala (Fermented rice), Jira Pakhala (Cumin rice), Dahi Pakhala (curd rice)
Place of origin| Indian subcontinent
Region or state| Odisha
Associated cuisine| Odia cuisine
Serving temperature| Hot (Saja Pakhala) and cold
Main ingredients| Cooked rice
Variations| Panta bhat

Food energy
(per serving)

| 52 per 100g

* Media: Pakhala
ପଖାଳ

This article is part of the series on

Indian cuisine

Regional cuisines

North India

* Awadhi
* Braj
* Haryana
* Kashmiri
* Kumauni
* Mughlai
* Punjabi
* Rajasthani
* Uttar Pradeshi

South India

* Chettinad
* Hyderabadi
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Lakshadweep
* Mangalorean
* Mangalorean Catholic
* Saraswat
* Tamil
* Telangana
* Telugu
* Udupi

East India

* Angika
* Bengali
* Bhojpuri
* Bihari
* Jharkhandi
* Maithil
* Odia

West India

* Goan
* Gujarati
* Malvani & Konkani
* Marathi
* Parsi
* Sindhi

Northeast India

* Arunachali
* Assamese
* Meghalayan
* Manipuri
* Mizo
* Naga
* Nepali
* Sikkimese
* Tripuri

Other

* Anglo-Indian
* Fast food
* Indo-Chinese
* Jain (Satvika)

Ingredients, types of food

* Main dishes
* Soups and stews
* Desserts
* Bread
* Drinks
* Snack foods
* Spices
* Condiments

Preparation, cooking

* Handi
* Karahi
* Tava
* Tandoor
* Uruli
* Other

See also

* History
* Etiquette
* Indian chefs
* Cookbook: Cuisine of India

Related cuisines

* Afghan cuisine
* Burmese cuisine
* Bangladeshi cuisine
* Bhutanese cuisine
* Maldivian cuisine
* Nepalese cuisine
* Pakistani cuisine
* Sri Lankan cuisine
* Tibetan cuisine

* India portal
* Food portal

* v
* t
* e

Pakhala with lemon and assorted side-dishes. This is typical summer-time Odia cuisine. Dahi Pakala also known as pakhala along with assorted side dishes. This lunch is often preferred to beat the summer heat in Eastern India. Dahi pakhala (yogurt pakhala) with assorted side-dishes. Pakhaḷa with yogurt, lemon, fresh cilantro, sautéed mustard and cumin seeds.

Pakhaḷa (Odia: ପଖାଳ, romanized: påkhāḷå, Odia pronunciation: [pɔkʰaɭɔ]) is an Odia cuisine, consisting of cooked rice washed or lightly fermented in water. The liquid part of the dish is known as Toraṇi (Odia: ତୋରାଣି, romanized: tōrāṇi).[1] It is popular in the state of Odisha and its similar version is eaten in the eastern regions like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Assam, Bengal and southern regions of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka. It is also known as pāntā bhāt in Bengal.

It is a preparation that is consumed during summer, although many people eat it throughout the year, especially for lunch. It is popular among the public as it provides a refreshing food source during the hot climate and replenishes the nutrients in the body. A traditional Odia dish, it is prepared with rice, curd, cucumber, cumin seeds, fried onions and mint leaves. It is popularly served with dry roasted vegetables—such as potato, brinjal, badi and sāgå bhåjā or fried fish.[2][3]

## Etymology

[edit]

The term "Påkhāḷå" is derived from Pali word "Pakhāḷitā" (Odia: ପଖାଳିତା, romanized: påkhāḷitā) as well as from (Sanskrit: प्रक्षाळन, romanized: prakshāḷaṇa, lit. 'washed/to wash').[4] It is also believed that "Påkhāḷå" could have been possibly derived from "Påkhāḷibā" (Odia: ପଖାଳିବା, romanized: påkhāḷibā, lit. 'to wash').

## History

[edit]

It is unknown when Pakhaḷa was first included in the daily diet of Eastern India, but it was included in the recipe of Lord Jagannath Temple of Puri circa 10th century. It is presumed that Pakhaḷa is first introduced in Odisha. A special day, 20th March, is celebrated in Odisha as Påkhāḷå Dibasa (Odia: ପଖାଳ ଦିବସ) every year. All Odia people celebrate this day. The Pakhaḷa is eaten in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent (including Nepal and some parts of Myanmar). The word Pakhaḷa was used in the Odia poems of Arjuna Das in his literary work Kåḷpålåtā (Odia: କଳ୍ପଲତା) during 1520-1530 CE.[5]

## Classification

[edit]

The different types of Pakhala classified as per preparation:[6][7][8]

### Popular variants

[edit]

* Saja Pakhaḷa (fresh pakhaḷa) is prepared by adding water instantly after making freshly cooked rice with drops of lemon in it. This variant doesn't need fermentation.
* Basi Pakhaḷa (Fermented pakhala, basi in Odia means "stale") is prepared by fermenting rice by adding water which is generally kept overnight and eaten in the next day. This variant of pakhala follows the traditional method of preparation. People also eat it with badi chura along with diced onions and lemon to add flavors to the dish.
* Jira Pakhaḷa is prepared by adding fried cumin with curry leaves to the pakhaḷa.[9][10]
* Dahi Pakhaḷa is prepared by adding curd to the pakhaḷa. Badi chura is taken as a side dish with pakhala.
* The dish is especially popular during the summer months as it is considered to be a refreshing and cooling meal that can help beat the heat.
* It is also believed to have various health benefits as it is rich in probiotic which can aid digestion and boost the immune system. more

### Others

[edit]

* Chaiyn (ଚାଇଁ) pakhala (hot pakhala) is similar to saja pakhala (fresh pakhala) but is served with hot rice.
* Pani Pakhala is a common variant prepared by only adding salt and water to the cooked rice.
* Ada Pakhala is prepared by adding ginger and salt to the cooked rice soaked in water.
* Sugandhi Pakhala or Subasa Pakhala (flavored pakhala) is prepared by adding chopped or grated ginger and roasted cumin seeds to cooked rice submerged in salty water which gives an aroma to the pakhala.
* Chupuda Pakhala (squeezed pakhala) is prepared by squeezing out the cooked rice washed in water and served with curd, roasted cumin and salt.
* Mitha Pakhala (sweet pakhala) is prepared by adding sugar or jaggery to cooked rice and water along with roasted cumin. It is an unusual variant and not popular compared to popular fresh or stale pakhala. Sometimes oranges are added as well.
* Tabha Pakhala is prepared by adding lemon water to the cooked rice.
* Ghia Pakhala is prepared by adding ghee to the cooked rice.
* Malliphula Pakhala is prepared by malli flowers (jasmine) to the cooked rice for aroma.

## Preparation

[edit]

The dish is typically prepared with rice that is cooked and allowed to cool. Cook normal rice, then cool it. Pour water in a bowl and add rice to it. In a pan, heat a pinch of oil, add mustard seeds, curry leaves, dry red chili and fry well. Add this chhunka into the pakhala bowl with sour curd. One can add mint leaves and raw salt to enhance the taste. To add more zing, one may opt for fish fry or sukhua poda (dry fish fried), saga bhaja, badi chura (a regional food item made up of batter of urad or black gram by drying under sunshine as small nuts and then fried to serve) and much more. Cumin seeds are fried, ground into a fine powder and added to curd with coriander leaves and salt.It is sometimes served with a fish fry and spinach.[11]

### Traditional preparation

[edit]

Pakhaḷa is slightly fermented rice. The rice is cooked, water is added with little bit of old pakhal (something similar to making curd using milk and old curd). Pakhaḷa tastes best when served after 8 to 12 hours after preparation; in this case, no old pakhal is required to be added to the rice as fermentation usually happens after 6 hours of keeping rice in water. The Pakhala by itself tastes a bit sour, but also paste of green chilli, green Mango and ginger is added to give the Pakhala a little bit hot and sweet flavour.

Generally burnt potato or alu poda (boiled is also used) and other fried vegetables or fried fish is served with pakhaḷa. Various side dishes include dahi baigana, kakharu phula bhaja (fried pumpkin flowers), mashed potatoes (alu bharata), fried fish (macha bhaja), fried prawns (chingudi bhaja), sukhua (dried fish) and saga bhaja (fired leafy vegetables).[6][4]

## Pakhala Dibasa

[edit]

To promote the cuisine in modern era, Pakhala Dibasa was declared on 20 March 2011 by popular initiative to be celebrated by Odias worldwide.[12] Thus 20 March is celebrated every year as Pakhala Dibas (Pakhala Day) by Odias across the regions[13][14][15] where people eat and promote the cuisine.[16][17]

As most of the Odia outside of Odisha live in Europe and in the Northern American regions, the weather in March is not suitable for cold-Pakhal. Therefore, the International-Pakhal-Dibasa is celebrated on July 13.

## Other regional variants

[edit]

* Chhattisgarh: Bore Bhat
* Jharkhand: Pani Bhat
* Gujarat: Ghesh Bhat, Ghensh, Ghenshu
* Tamil Nadu: Pazhaiyadhu or Pazhaiya Soru[18]
* Andhra Pradesh: Saddi Annam
* Karnataka: Mosaranna
* Bengal: Panta Bhat
* Assam: Poita Bhat
* Kerala: Pazham Kanji

## See also

[edit]

* Food portal

* List of Indian dishes
* Cuisine of Odisha

## References

[edit]

1. ^ J. Tharu, Lalita, Susie, Ke (1993). Women Writing in India: The twentieth century. Vol II. Feminist Press. p. 688\. ISBN 9781558610293.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ^ Pati, Charupadma (7 June 2019). "Beating The Heat: A Sneak Peek Into Exotic Drinks Of Odisha". Outlook.
3. ^ Charmaine O' Brien (15 December 2013). The Penguin Food Guide to India. Penguin Books. ISBN 9789351185758.
4. ^ a b V.K. Joshi (5 January 2016). Indigenous Fermented Foods of South Asia. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439887905.
5. ^ Panda, Shishir Kumar (1991). Medieval Orissa: a socio-economic study. Mittal Publications. p. 152\. ISBN 9788170992615.
6. ^ a b "On 'Pakhala Dibasa', Try Out Varieties Of This Popular Odia Delicacy". Sambad. 20 March 2018.
7. ^ "This summer treat yourself with Odia dishes on Pakhala Diwas". OrissaPost. 20 March 2020.
8. ^ J C Manti (2004). The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri. Vij Books. p. 188\. ISBN 9789382652458.
9. ^ Jeera Pakhala
10. ^ "Jeera Pakhala". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
11. ^ Mandal, Tridip; Singh, Muskan (13 August 2021). "Pakhala Bhat – An Odia Cuisine: Fermented Rice Recipe". The Quint.
12. ^ "March 20 Is Declared As Pakhala Dibasa (Universal Pakhala Day) By Odias Worldwide #Pakhal #Odisha #Food - eOdisha.org - latest Odisha News - Business - Culture -Art - Travel". Eodisha.org. 19 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
13. ^ "Pakhala Dibasa to be celebrated by Odias all over the world on 20 March | Incredible Odisha". Incredibleorissa.com. 17 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
14. ^ "'World Pakhala Divas' on March 20". Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
15. ^ "Why March 20 celebrates as Pakhala Dibasa & Who has initiated this Dates - #PakhalaDibasa". eOdisha.org - latest Odisha News - Business - Culture -Art - Travel. 20 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
16. ^ "Pakhala dibasa grows bigger each passing year - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
17. ^ "ଆଜି 'ବିଶ୍ୱ ପଖାଳ ଦିବସ' ! ଓଡିଆ ଜାତିର ଅନନ୍ୟ ବିଶେଷତ୍ୱ ପଖାଳ". Kanak News. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
18. ^ Srinivas, Sadhvika. "The many perks of fermentation". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2025.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

## External links

[edit]

* Universal pakhala divas
* Pakhaḷa bhata
* Water Rice
* Pakhala Bhata of Odisha

* v
* t
* e

Indian dishes

North|

| Mughlai|

* Mughlai kabab
* Keema matar
* Mughlai paratha
* Murgh musallam
* Nihari
* Pasanda
* Rezala

|

Rajasthani|

* Bati
* Bikaneri bhujia
* Churma
* Dal badam chakki
* Dal bati
* Dal bati churma
* Kanda kachori
* Laal maans
* Mirchi bada
* Panchratna dal

Punjabi|

* Makki ki roti
* Pinni
* Sarson ka saag
* Tandoori chicken

Kashmiri|

* Noon chai
* Rogan josh
* Shab deg

Uttar Pradeshi|

* Peda
* Petha

Other|

* Aloo gobhi
* Aloo mutter
* Baingan bharta
* Barfi (kaju barfi/kaju katli)
* Bhatura
* Butter chicken
* Chana masala
* Chapati
* Chicken tikka
* Chole bhature
* Dal makhani
* Dum aloo
* Dopiaza
* Egg curry
* Haleem
* Jeera aloo
* Kachori
* Kadai chicken
* Kadhi
* Kahwah
* Keema
* Khichra
* Khichdi
* Kulcha
* Korma
* Kulfi
* Lassi
* Matar paneer
* Mutton curry
* Naan
* Palak paneer
* Pakora
* Paneer tikka
* Paneer tikka masala
* Paratha roll
* Raita
* Rajma
* Rumali roti
* Sai bhaji
* Shahi paneer
* Shami kebab

South|

| Hyderabadi|

* Baghaar-e-baingan
* Chakna
* Double ka meetha
* Hyderabadi biryani
* Hyderabadi haleem
* Hyderabadi marag
* Lukhmi
* Mirchi ka salan
* Osmania biscuit

|

Karnataka|

* Benne dose
* Bisi bele bath
* Masala dosa
* Mysore pak

Kerala|

* Appam (pesaha appam)
* Aviyal
* Sadya
* Chicken Chettinad
* Bonda
* Idiyappam
* Puttu
* Thalassery biryani
* Parotta
* Pathiri
* Kozhukkatta
* Kerala beef fry
* Malabar matthi curry

Other|

* Aavakaaya
* Adhirasam
* Ariselu
* Bhaji
* Chicken 65
* Chitranna
* Curd rice
* Dahi chutney
* Dopiaza
* Dosa
* Fish moolie
* Idli
* Injipuli
* Jigarthanda
* Kaalan
* Kakinada Kaja
* Kanji
* Koottu
* Kuzhambu
* Murukku
* Pachadi
* Palathalikalu
* Paniyaram
* Parotta
* Paruppusilli
* Pesarattu
* Payasam
* Pootharekulu
* Pongal
* Ponganalu
* Poriyal
* Pulihora
* Rasam
* Rice and curry
* Sakinalu
* Sambar
* Sevai
* Ulava charu
* Upma
* Uttapam
* Vada

West|

| Gujarati|

* Dhokla
* Doodhpak
* Handvo
* Khakhra
* Undhiyu

|

Maharashtrian|

* Kombdi vade
* Misal
* Thalipeeth
* Vada pav
* Veg kolhapuri

Other|

* Akuri
* Basundi
* Bhakri
* Bhel puri
* Bombil fry
* Chinese bhel
* Chivda
* Chouriço
* Dahi vada
* Dhansak
* Kadboli
* Khatkhate
* Khandvi
* Khichdi
* Kuswar
* Misal pav
* Pav bhaji
* Patoleo
* Patra ni machhi
* Pohe
* Sabudana khichri
* Sanna
* Sarapatel
* Sev puri
* Shrikhand
* Solkadhi
* Vindaloo
* Xacuti

East|

| Bengali|

* Aloo chap
* Beguni
* Chomchom
* Chhenabara
* Chingri malai curry
* Chorchori
* Daab chingri
* Doi
* Mishti doi
* Nabadwip-er lal doi
* Jalfrezi
* Jolbhora
* Indian Chinese cuisine
* Kati roll
* Kosha mangsho
* Kheer
* Khicuṛi
* Luchi
* Machher jhol
* Malpua
* Manohara
* Mihidana
* Nikhunti
* Panta bhat
* Pantua
* Paturi
* Payesh
* Pitha
* Radhaballavi
* Rasgulla
* Ras malai
* Roshkodom
* Sandesh
* Sarbhaja
* Sarpuria
* Sitabhog
* Shorshe ilish
* Shukto

|

Odia|

* Chandrakanti
* Chaṛachaṛi
* Chhena gaja
* Chhena jalebi
* Chhena jhili
* Chhena kheeri
* Chhena poda
* Chingudi jhola
* Dahi baigana
* Dahi machha
* Dahibara aludam
* Enduri pitha
* Ghuguni
* Kakara pitha
* Kanika
* Khira sagara
* Khiri
* Maachha bihana
* Manda pitha
* Ou khatta
* Pakhala
* Pitha
* Arisa pitha
* Chakuli pitha
* Podo pitha
* Rasabali
* Rasgulla
* Santula
* Mathapuli

Bihari|

* Litti
* Ghugni
* Sattu
* Khaja
* Champaran meat
* Laddu
* Tilkut
* Anarsa
* Regional (Bhojpuri, Maithil, Magahi)

Miscellaneous|

* Biryani
* Chaat
* Chutney
* Dal
* Falooda
* Flattened rice
* Gulab jamun
* Halva
* Indian pickle
* Jalebi
* Keema matar
* Kheer
* Kofta
* Laddu
* Mango pudding
* Panipuri
* Papadam
* Paratha
* Puri
* Puri bhaji
* Roti
* Sheer khurma
* Sindhi biryani
* Samosa
* Shankarpali
* Soan papdi
* Zarda

Indian diaspora|

* Chicken tikka masala
* Fish head curry
* Nasi kandar
* Pasembur
* Phall
* Roti canai

* Category

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pakhala.
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template