Paleoconservatism

Political philosophy

This article is part of a series on

Conservatism
in the United States

Schools

* Compassionate
* Fiscal
* Fusion
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* Moderate
* Movement
* Neo-
* Paleo-
* Postliberal
* Populist
* Progressive
* Social
* Straussian
* Traditionalist

Principles

* American exceptionalism
* American nationalism
* Anti-communism
* Christian nationalism
* Zionism
* Classical liberalism
* Communitarianism
* Constitutionalism
* Culture of life
* Pro-life
* Familialism
* Family values
* Federalism
* States' rights
* Gender essentialism
* Judeo-Christian values
* Individualism
* Law and order
* Limited government
* Meritocracy
* Natural aristocracy
* Militarism
* Peace through strength
* Moral absolutism
* Natural law
* Ordered liberty
* Patriotism
* Property rights
* Republicanism
* Right to bear arms
* Rule of law
* Supply-side economics
* Tradition

History

* Loyalists
* Federalist Era
* Southern chivalry
* Redeemers
* Boston Brahmins
* Solid South
* New Humanism
* Dunning School
* Southern Agrarians
* Old Right
* Conservative Manifesto
* Conservative coalition
* America First Committee
* McCarthyism
* Goldwater campaign
* New Right
* Reagan era
* Reagan Doctrine
* Reaganomics
* Republican Revolution
* W. Bush presidency
* Tea Party movement
* Neo- vs. paleoconservatism
* Trump era
* First term
* Second term
* Agenda 47

Intellectuals

* Adams
* Anton
* Babbitt
* Bacevich
* Bell
* Bellow
* Bloom
* Boorstin
* Bradford
* Buckley
* Burgess
* Burnham
* Calhoun
* Chambers
* Conquest
* Deneen
* Eliot
* Francis
* Genovese
* Gottfried
* Hanson
* Hardin
* Hazony
* Himmelfarb
* Hoppe
* Hurston
* Jaffa
* Kimball
* Kirk
* Kirkpatrick
* Kreeft
* Kristol
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Lind
* Lovecraft
* Loury
* Lukacs
* Mansfield
* Mencken
* Meyer
* Molnar
* Murray
* Nisbet
* Pangle
* Ransom
* Rieff
* Santayana
* Schaeffer
* Sowell
* Strauss
* Viereck
* Voegelin
* Wattenberg
* Weaver
* Wolfe

Politicians

* Abbott
* Adams (John)
* Adams (John Quincy)
* Bolton
* Buchanan (James)
* Buchanan (Pat)
* Bush (George H. W.)
* Bush (George W.)
* Calhoun
* Clay
* Cheney
* Cleveland
* Coolidge
* Cruz
* DeSantis
* Dirksen
* Dole
* Eisenhower
* Gingrich
* Goldwater
* Harding
* Hamilton
* Helms
* Hoover (Herbert)
* Huckabee
* Kissinger
* Lodge
* Luce
* Madison
* McCain
* McCarthy (Joseph)
* McCarthy (Kevin)
* McConnell
* McKinley
* Nixon
* Palin
* Paul (Rand)
* Paul (Ron)
* Pence
* Pierce
* Randolph
* Reagan
* Romney
* Rubio
* Rumsfeld
* Ryan
* Sherman
* Taft (Robert)
* Taft (William)
* Thurmond
* Trump
* Vance
* Wallace
* Wolfowitz

Jurists

* Alito
* Barrett
* Bork
* Burger
* Colson
* Frelinghuysen
* George
* Goldsmith
* Gorsuch
* Harlan II
* Kavanaugh
* Kennedy
* Luttig
* Meese
* O'Connor
* Parker
* Rehnquist
* Roberts (John)
* Sanford
* Scalia
* Sessions
* Sutherland
* Taft (William)
* Thomas (Clarence)
* Vermeule
* Whittaker

Commentators

* Beck
* Bongino
* Breitbart
* Buchanan (Pat)
* Buckley
* Caldwell
* Carlson
* Cass
* Chodorov
* Coulter
* D'Souza
* Derbyshire
* Dreher
* Elder
* Goldberg
* Grant
* Griffin
* Van den Haag
* Hannity
* Hart
* Herberg
* Hoover (Margaret)
* Ingraham
* Jones
* Kelly
* Knowles
* Krauthammer
* Lahren
* Levin
* Limbaugh
* Mac Donald
* Neuhaus
* Ngo
* North
* Novak
* O'Reilly
* Owens
* Podhoretz
* Pool
* Portnoy
* Possony
* Prager
* Robertson
* Shapiro
* Shlaes
* Sullivan
* Walsh
* Watters
* Weyl
* Will
* Wintrich
* Woods

Activists

* Abramoff
* Agostinelli
* Andreessen
* Atwater
* Bannon
* Bennett
* Bezmenov
* Bozell
* Cohn
* Dans
* Dobson
* Drudge
* Falwell
* Feulner
* Flynn
* Gabriel
* Hegseth
* Horowitz
* Kirk
* Krikorian
* Kristol
* LaHaye
* Lindell
* Lindbergh
* Leo
* McEntee
* Mercer (Rebekah)
* Mercer (Robert)
* Miller
* Murdoch
* Musk
* political views
* O'Keefe
* Park
* Phillips
* Posobiec
* Powell
* Raichik
* Reed
* Regnery
* Roberts (Kevin)
* Rove
* Rufo
* Scaife
* Schlafly (Andrew)
* Schlafly (Phyllis)
* Stone
* Thiel
* Thomas (Ginni)
* Weyrich
* Wiles
* Wood

Literature

* The Federalist Papers (1788)
* Democracy in America (1835–1840)
* Notes on Democracy (1926)
* I'll Take My Stand (1930)
* Our Enemy, the State (1935)
* The Managerial Revolution (1941)
* Ideas Have Consequences (1948)
* God and Man at Yale (1951)
* The Conservative Mind (1953)
* The Conscience of a Conservative (1960)
* A Choice Not an Echo (1964)
* A Conflict of Visions (1987)
* Birth Dearth (1987)
* The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
* The Bell Curve (1994)
* The Death of the West (2001)
* Hillbilly Elegy (2016)
* The Benedict Option (2017)
* Why Liberalism Failed (2018)
* The Age of Entitlement (2020)

Parties

Active

* American Party
* American Independent Party
* Conservative Party (NY state)
* Constitution Party
* Republican Party

Defunct

* Anti-Masonic Party
* Constitutional Union Party
* Democratic Party (historically, factions)
* Boll weevils
* Bourbon Democrats
* Conservative Democrats
* Dixiecrats
* Reagan Democrats
* Southern Democrats
* Rhode Island Suffrage Party
* Federalist Party
* National Republican Party
* Native American Party
* Whig Party

Think tanks

* Acton Institute
* AdTI
* AEI
* CSP
* CfNI
* Claremont Institute
* CEI
* CSPC
* EPPC
* FRI
* Gatestone Institute
* Heartland Institute
* The Heritage Foundation
* Heritage Action
* Mandate for Leadership
* Project Esther
* Project 2025
* Hoover Institution
* Hudson Institute
* ISI
* James Madison Program
* Leadership Institute
* Manhattan Institute
* Mises Institute
* PRI
* PNAC (Defunct)
* Ripon Society
* R Street Institute
* Rockford Institute
* SPN
* Sutherland Institute
* Tax Foundation
* Witherspoon Institute

Media

Newspapers

* Chicago Tribune
* The Epoch Times
* New Hampshire Union Leader
* The Jewish Voice
* The New York Observer
* New York Post
* The Remnant
* The Wall Street Journal (editorial board)
* The Washington Times

Journals

* American Affairs
* The American Conservative
* The American Spectator
* American Thinker
* City Journal
* Claremont Review of Books
* Commentary
* Compact
* Chronicles
* The Dispatch
* First Things
* The Imaginative Conservative
* Jewish World Review
* Modern Age
* National Affairs
* The National Interest
* National Review
* The New American
* The New Atlantis
* The New Criterion
* Policy Review (defunct)
* Public Discourse
* Southern Partisan
* Spectator USA
* Tablet
* Taki's Magazine
* Telos
* Washington Examiner
* The Weekly Standard (defunct)

TV channels

* CBN
* Fox Business
* Fox News
* Newsmax TV
* One America News Network
* Real America's Voice
* VOZ

Websites

* 1819 News
* Babylon Bee
* Breitbart News
* The Bulwark
* Campus Reform
* The Center Square
* Conservative Review
* Daily Caller
* Daily Signal
* Daily Wire
* Discover the Networks
* The Federalist
* FrontPage Magazine
* Front Porch Republic
* Gateway Pundit
* Hot Air
* Human Events
* Independent Journal Review
* InfoWars
* Jihad Watch
* LifeZette
* NewsBusters
* PJ Media
* Rare
* RedState
* The Dispatch
* Townhall
* Twitchy
* Washington Examiner
* The Washington Free Beacon
* The Western Journal
* WorldNetDaily

Other

* Blaze Media
* Encounter Books
* Evie Magazine
* The First
* Imprimis
* The Political Cesspool
* Passage Publishing
* PragerU
* RealClearPolitics
* Red Scare
* Regnery Publishing
* RSBN
* The Rubin Report
* Sinclair Broadcast Group

Other organizations

Congressional caucuses

* Second Amendment Caucus
* RSC
* Liberty Caucus
* Freedom Caucus
* Republican Main Street Partnership
* Republican Governance Group
* Blue Dog Coalition

Economics

* ATR
* Club for Growth
* FreedomWorks (defunct)
* NFIB
* NTU
* Tea Party Patriots
* USCC

Gun rights

* GOA
* NAGR
* NRA

Identity politics

* ACT!
* CWA
* Council of Conservative Citizens
* GAG
* IWF
* LCR
* Moms for Liberty

Nativist

* CIS
* FAIR
* Immigration Restriction League
* NumbersUSA
* Patriot Prayer
* Proud Boys
* Oath Keepers
* Three Percenters

Religion

* ADF
* Court cases
* ACLJ
* AFA
* The American TFP
* Chalcedon Foundation
* CCA
* Christian Voice
* Eagle Forum
* FCR
* The Fellowship
* FFC
* Focus on the Family
* Foundation for Moral Law
* Liberty Counsel
* Moral Majority (defunct)
* NOM
* NRLC
* PTMC
* Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America
* Thomas More Law Center

Watchdog groups

* AIM
* Econ Journal Watch
* Franklin News Foundation
* JW
* MRC
* O'Keefe Media Group
* Project Veritas (defunct)

Youth/student groups

* NJC
* TPUSA
* Young Americans for Freedom
* Young America's Foundation
* YAL

Social media

* Gab
* Gettr
* Parler
* The Right Stuff

Miscellaneous

* The 85 Fund
* AHI
* ACU
* Bradley Foundation
* TCC
* CNP
* CPAC
* Hillsdale College
* IFF
* JBS
* John M. Olin Foundation (defunct)
* Liberty Fund
* LU
* NAS
* Philadelphia Society
* Regent University
* Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal
* TPPF

Other

* AFL
* Atlas Network
* CN
* ConservAmerica
* Donors Trust
* FedSoc
* NCPAC
* PJI
* Turning Point Action
* SACR
* YRNF
* Ziklag

Movements

* Asian and Pacific Islander
* Black
* Christian right
* Reconstructionism
* Classical education movement
* Paideia
* Dark Enlightenment
* Election denial movement
* 2020 election disputes
* Female
* Green
* Hispanic and Latino
* LGBTQ
* Libertarian republicans
* Militia movement
* Monarchism
* Mormon
* White Horse Prophecy
* Theodemocracy
* New Apostolic Reformation
* Parental rights movement
* Fathers' rights
* Patriot movement
* Christian
* Radical right
* Reactionary feminism
* Right-libertarianism
* Paleolibertarianism
* Secessionism
* Neo-Confederates
* in Texas
* Trumpism
* Never Trump

Related

* Barstool conservatism
* Bibliography of US conservatism
* Conservative talk radio
* GOP factions
* List of American conservatives
* NatCon
* Timeline of modern American conservatism

* Conservatism portal
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Paleoconservatism is a political philosophy and a strain of conservatism in the United States stressing American nationalism, Christian ethics, regionalism, traditionalist conservatism, and non-interventionism. Paleoconservatism's concerns overlap with those of the Old Right that opposed the New Deal in the 1930s and 1940s[1] as well as with paleolibertarianism.[2][3] By the start of the 21st century, the movement had begun to focus more on issues of race.[4][5]

The terms neoconservative and paleoconservative were coined by Paul Gottfried in the 1980s,[citation needed] originally relating to the divide in American conservatism over the Vietnam War. Those supporting the war became known as the neoconservatives (interventionists), as they made a decisive split from traditional conservatism (nationalist isolationism), which then became known as paleoconservatism.[6][7][8] Paleoconservatives press for restrictions on immigration, a rollback of multicultural programs and large-scale demographic change, the decentralization of federal policy, the restoration of controls upon free trade, a greater emphasis upon economic nationalism, and non-intervention in the politics of foreign nations.[9]

Historian George Hawley states that although influenced by paleoconservatism, Donald Trump is not a paleoconservative, but rather a nationalist and a right-wing populist.[10] Hawley also argued in 2017 that paleoconservatism was an exhausted force in American politics[11] but that for a time it represented the most serious right-wing threat to the mainstream conservative movement.[11] Regardless of how Trump himself is categorized, others regard the movement known as Trumpism as supported by,[12] if not a rebranding of, paleoconservatism. From this view, the followers of the Old Right did not fade away so easily and continue to have significant influence in the Republican Party and the entire country.[13]

## Terminology

[edit]

The prefix paleo derives from the Greek root παλαιός (palaiós), meaning "ancient" or "old". It is somewhat tongue-in-cheek and refers to the paleoconservatives' claim to represent a more historic, authentic conservative tradition than that found in neoconservatism. Adherents of paleoconservatism often describe themselves simply as "paleo". Rich Lowry of National Review claims the prefix "is designed to obscure the fact that it is a recent ideological creation of post-Cold War politics".[14]

Samuel T. Francis, Thomas Fleming, and some other paleoconservatives deemphasize the conservative part of the paleoconservative label, claiming they do not want the status quo preserved.[15][16] Fleming and Paul Gottfried called such thinking "stupid tenacity" and described it as "a series of trenches dug in defense of last year's revolution".[17] Francis defined authentic conservatism as "the survival and enhancement of a particular people and its institutionalized cultural expressions".[18][19]

## Ideology

[edit]

Paleoconservatives support restrictions on immigration, decentralization, trade tariffs and protectionism, economic nationalism, isolationism, and a return to traditional conservative ideals relating to gender, race, sexuality, culture, and society.[20]

Paleoconservatism differs from neoconservatism in opposing free trade and promoting republicanism. Paleoconservatives see neoconservatives as imperialists and themselves as defenders of the republic.[21][22]

Paleoconservatives tend to oppose abortion, gay marriage, and LGBTQ rights.[20][23]

### Human nature, tradition, and reason

[edit]

Paleoconservatives believe that tradition is a form of reason, rather than a competing force. Mel Bradford wrote that certain questions are settled before any serious deliberation concerning a preferred course of conduct may begin. This ethic is based in a "culture of families, linked by friendship, common enemies, and common projects",[24] so a good conservative keeps "a clear sense of what Southern grandmothers have always meant in admonishing children, 'we don't do that'".[25]

Pat Buchanan argues that a good politician must "defend the moral order rooted in the Old and New Testament and Natural Law"—and that "the deepest problems in our society are not economic or political, but moral".[26]

### Southern traditionalism

[edit]

According to historian Paul V. Murphy, paleoconservatives developed a focus on localism and states' rights. From the mid-1980s onward, Chronicles promoted a Southern traditionalist worldview focused on national identity, regional particularity, and skepticism of abstract theory and centralized power.[27] According to Hague, Beirich, and Sebesta (2009), the antimodernism of the paleoconservative movement defined the neo-Confederate movement of the 1980s and 1990s. During this time, notable paleoconservatives argued that desegregation, welfare, tolerance of gay rights, and church-state separation had been damaging to local communities, and that these issues had been imposed by federal legislation and think tanks. Paleoconservatives also claimed the Southern Agrarians as forebears in this regard.[28]

### Opposition to Israel

[edit]

Paleoconservatives are generally critics of Israel and supporters of the Arab cause in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; they have argued that supporting the country damages foreign relations with the Islamic world and American interests abroad.[29] Buchanan has asserted that "Capitol Hill is Israeli occupied territory". Russell Kirk argued that "Not seldom has it seemed... as if some eminent Neoconservatives mistook Tel Aviv for the capital of the United States".[30] During the Israel-Gaza War, paleoconservative Tucker Carlson[31] argued Israel was guilty of war crimes, and that President Joe Biden's support of the country risked American complicitness in the actions.[32]

## Notable people

[edit]

### Philosophers and scholars

[edit]

* Mel Bradford (1934–1993)[33]
* Paul Gottfried (born 1941)[34]
* E. Christian Kopff (born 1946)[35]
* William S. Lind (born 1947)[36]
* Clyde N. Wilson (born 1941)[37]

### Commentators and columnists

[edit]

* Pat Buchanan (born 1938), White House Communications Director (1985–1987), 1992 and 1996 Republican presidential candidate, 2000 Reform Party presidential nominee[38]
* Peter Brimelow (born 1947)[4]
* Tucker Carlson (born 1969)[31]
* John Derbyshire (born 1945)[39][40]
* Thomas Fleming (born 1945)[41]
* Samuel T. Francis (1947–2005)[42]
* Robert Novak (1931–2009)[43]
* Steve Sailer (born 1958)[44]
* Joseph Sobran (1946–2010)[45]
* Taki Theodoracopulos (born 1936)[46]

## Notable organizations and outlets

[edit]

### Organizations

[edit]

Main article: List of paleoconservative organizations

* Abbeville Institute[47]
* John Birch Society[48]

### Periodicals and websites

[edit]

* The American Conservative[49]
* Chronicles (magazine)[50]
* Observer & Review
* Intercollegiate Review[41]
* Taki's Magazine[51]

## See also

[edit]

* Conservatism portal

* Alt-right
* Alt-lite
* American nationalism
* Anti-globalization movement
* Criticism of multiculturalism
* Cultural conservatism
* Fusionism
* Liberal conservatism
* Libertarian conservatism
* National conservatism
* National liberalism
* Neoconservatism
* Old Left
* Old Right (United States)
* Paleolibertarianism
* Radical right (United States)
* Reactionary
* Right-libertarianism
* Right-wing populism
* Social conservatism in the United States
* Traditionalist conservatism in the United States
* Groypers or "neo-paleoconservatism"

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Raimondo 1993.
2. ^ Rockwell, Lew. "The Case for Paleo-libertarianism" (PDF). Liberty (January 1990): 34–38\. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
3. ^ De Coster, Karen (December 2, 2003). "Paleolibertarianism". LewRockwell.com. Archived September 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
4. ^ a b "'Paleoconservatives' Decry Immigration". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
5. ^ Greenberg, David (December 11, 2016). "An Intellectual History of Trumpism". Politico.
6. ^ Gottfried 1993.
7. ^ Gottfried 2006.
8. ^ Scotchie 2017.
9. ^ Foley 2007, p. 318.
10. ^ Hawley 2017, p. 129.
11. ^ a b Hawley 2017, p. 29.
12. ^ Drolet, Jean-Francois; Williams, Michael (2019). "The view from MARS: US paleoconservatism and ideological challenges to the liberal world order". International Journal. 74 (1): 18. doi:10.1177/0020702019834716. S2CID 151239862.
13. ^ Morris, Edwin Kent (December 24, 2018). "Inversion, Paradox, and Liberal Disintegration: Towards a Conceptual Framework of Trumpism". New Political Science. 41 (1): 21. doi:10.1080/07393148.2018.1558037. S2CID 149978398.
14. ^ Lowry, Richard (2005). "Reaganism v. Neo-Reaganism". The National Interest. No. 79\. Center for the National Interest. pp. 35–41\. ISSN 1938-1573. JSTOR 42897547. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
15. ^ Francis 1994.
16. ^ Foer, Franklin (July 22, 2002). "Home Bound". The New Republic. Archived from the original on October 1, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
17. ^ Gottfried & Fleming 1988, p. xv.
18. ^ Francis, Samuel (July 1992). "The Buchanan Revolution" (PDF). Chronicles. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2004. Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via SamFrancis.net.
19. ^ Francis, Samuel (March 2004). "(Con)fusion on the Right". Chronicles. Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
20. ^ a b Matthews, Dillon (April 18, 2016). "The alt-right is more than warmed-over white supremacy. It's that, but way way weirder". Vox. Vox Media Inc. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
21. ^ Larison, Daniel. "How Paleo and Fusionist Conservatism Differ". American Conservative Union Foundation. Archived from the original on February 5, 2004. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
22. ^ Judis, John B. (October 3, 1999). "The Buchanan Doctrine". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
23. ^ Fleming, Thomas (September 8, 2005). "Ethics 01A.1: Gay Marriage, Democracy". Chronicles. Rockford, Illinois: Rockford Institute. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006. Retrieved August 27, 2006.
24. ^ Bradford, M. E. (1990). The Reactionary Imperative: Essays Literary and Political. Peru, Illinois: Sherwood Sugden. p. 129. Quoted in Murphy 2001, p. 233.
25. ^ Bradford, M. E. (1990). The Reactionary Imperative: Essays Literary and Political. Peru, Illinois: Sherwood Sugden. pp. 119, 121. Quoted in Murphy 2001, p. 233.
26. ^ Pat Buchanan Responds To Lenora Fulani's Resignation – Buchanan Campaign Press Releases – theinternetbrigade – Official Web Site Archived October 5, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
27. ^ Murphy 2001, p. 218.
28. ^ Hague, Euan; Beirich, Heidi; Sebesta, Edward H. (2009). Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction. University of Texas Press. pp. 25–27\. ISBN 9780292779211. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
29. ^ Postel, Danny (November 7, 2023). "The Conservative Fault Lines Revealed by Debates Over Israel". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
30. ^ Fuller, Adam (2019). Israel and the Neoconservatives: Zionism and American Interests. Lexington Books. p. 8\. ISBN 9781498567343.
31. ^ a b Continetti, Matthew (June 1, 2019). "Making Sense of the New American Right". National Review.
32. ^ Schorr, Isaac (October 24, 2023). "Tucker Carlson and Douglas Macgregor Suggest Israel Is Committing 'War Crimes' and Mock 'Moral Victories'". Mediaite. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
33. ^ Hawley 2017; Newman & Giardina 2011, p. 50.
34. ^ Clark 2016, p. 77; Dueck 2010, p. 258; Hawley 2017; Newman & Giardina 2011, p. 50.
35. ^ Ansell 1998, p. 34.
36. ^ Robertson, Derek. "The Canadian Psychologist Beating American Pundits at Their Own Game". Politico. Capitol News Company. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
37. ^ Newman & Giardina 2011, p. 50; Wilson 2017.
38. ^ Dueck 2010, p. 258.
39. ^ "Re: Paleocons On Immigration". National Review. March 19, 2003.
40. ^ Matthews, Dylan (May 6, 2016). "Paleoconservatism, the movement that explains Donald Trump, explained". Vox. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
41. ^ a b Clark 2016, p. 77.
42. ^ Dueck 2010, p. 258; McDonald 2004, p. 216.
43. ^ Frum, David (March 25, 2003). "Unpatriotic Conservatives". National Review.
44. ^ "The American Conservative Crackup". Washington Monthly. May 1, 2007.
45. ^ Nash 2006, p. 568; Newman & Giardina 2011, p. 50.
46. ^ "An intellectual history of Trumpism". Politico. December 12, 2016.
47. ^ Newman & Giardina 2011, p. 50.
48. ^ Matthews, Dylan (May 6, 2016). "Paleoconservatism, the movement that explains Donald Trump, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
49. ^ Schneider 2009, p. 212.
50. ^ Clark 2016, p. 77; Hawley 2017; Schneider 2009, p. 170.
51. ^ "Why I Love Taki's Magazine". Charleston City Paper. May 30, 2008. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Ansell, Amy Elizabeth (1998). Unraveling the Right: The New Conservatism in American Thought and Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-3146-1.
* Bradford, M. E. (1994) [1979]. A Better Guide than Reason: Federalists and Anti-Federalists. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-1601-4.
* Buchanan, Patrick J. (2006). State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0-312-37436-5.
* Burke, Edmund (1790). Reflections on the Revolution in France. London: J. Dodlsey. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
* Clark, Barry (2016). Political Economy: A Comparative Approach (3rd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-4326-6.
* Dueck, Colin (2010). Hard Line: The Republican Party and U.S. Foreign Policy Since World War II. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14182-4.
* Edwards, Lee (2003). Educating for Liberty: The First Half-Century of the Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Washington: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89526-093-2.
* Francis, Samuel T. (1994). Beautiful Losers: Essays on the Failure of American Conservatism. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826209764. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
* Foley, Michael (2007). American Credo: The Place of Ideas in US Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
* Gottfried, Paul (1993) [1988]. The Conservative Movement (rev. ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-9749-7.
*  ———  (1999). After Liberalism: Mass Democracy in the Managerial State. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press (published 2001). ISBN 978-1-4008-2289-8.
*  ———  (2006). "Paleoconservatism". In Frohnen, Bruce; Beer, Jeremy; Nelson, Jeffrey O. (eds.). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. pp. 651–652\. ISBN 978-1-61017-103-8.
* Gottfried, Paul; Fleming, Thomas (1988). The Conservative Movement. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-9723-7.
* Hawley, George (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-Right. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54600-3.
* Hitchens, Peter (1999). The Abolition of Britain: From Lady Chatterley to Tony Blair. London: Quartet Books.
* Kirk, Russell (1986). The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot (7th ed.). Washington: Regnery Publishing (published 2001). pp. 8–9\. ISBN 978-0-89526-171-7.
*  ———  (2014) [1972]. Eliot and His Age: T. S. Eliot's Moral Imagination in the Twentieth Century. Open Road Integrated Media. ISBN 978-1-4976-3573-9.
* Kopff, E. Christopher (2006). "Buchanan, Patrick J. (1938–)". In Frohnen, Bruce; Beer, Jeremy; Nelson, Jeffrey O. (eds.). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. pp. 96–97\. ISBN 978-1-61017-103-8.
* Machnik, Barbara (2015). "Paleoconservatism and the Issue of Immigration and Multiculturalism". Ad Americam. 16: 29–40\. doi:10.12797/AdAmericam.16.2014.16.03. ISSN 1896-9461. S2CID 151348946.
* McDonald, W. Wesley (1999). "Russell Kirk and the Prospects for Conservatism" (PDF). Humanitas. 12 (1): 56–76\. doi:10.5840/humanitas19991214. ISSN 1066-7210. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
*  ———  (2004). Russell Kirk and the Age of Ideology. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-6258-5.
* Murphy, Paul V. (2001). The Rebuke of History: The Southern Agrarians and American Conservative Thought. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4960-6.
* Nash, George H. (2006). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. ISBN 978-1-933859-12-5.
* Newman, Joshua I.; Giardina, Michael D. (2011). Sport, Spectacle, and NASCAR Nation: Consumption and the Cultural Politics of Neoliberalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230338081. ISBN 978-0-230-33808-1.
* Raimondo, Justin (1993). Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement. Burlingame, California: Center for Libertarian Studies. ISBN 978-1-883959-00-5.
* Röpke, Wilhelm (1998). A Humane Economy: The Social Framework of the Free Market. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books.
* Russello, Gerald J. (2004). "Russell Kirk and Territorial Democracy". Publius. 34 (4): 109–124\. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a005044. ISSN 1747-7107. JSTOR 20184928.
* Ryn, Claes G. (1998). "Defining Historicism". Humanitas. 11 (2): 86–101\. doi:10.5840/humanitas199811216. ISSN 1066-7210. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
* Schneider, Gregory L. (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-4285-3.
* Scotchie, Joseph (2004) [2002]. Revolt from the Heartland: The Struggle for an Authentic Conservatism. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-3324-0.
*  ———  (2017) [1999]. "Introduction: Paleoconservatism as the Opposition Party". In Scotchie, Joseph (ed.). The Paleoconservatives: New Voices of the Old Right. London: Routledge. pp. 1–15\. ISBN 978-1-351-47773-4.
* Watson, George (1985). The Idea of Liberalism: Studies for a New Map of Politics. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-38754-2.
* Williamson, Chilton (2004). The Conservative Bookshelf: Essential Works That Impact Today's Conservative Thinkers. Citadel Press. ISBN 9780806525372.
* Wilson, Clyde (2017) [1999]. "Restoring the Republic". In Scotchie, Joseph (ed.). The Paleoconservatives: New Voices of the Old Right. London: Routledge. pp. 179–188\. ISBN 978-1-351-47773-4.
* Woltermann, Chris (1993). "What Is Paleoconservatism?". Telos. 1993 (97): 9–20\. doi:10.3817/0993097009. ISSN 1940-459X. S2CID 147206456.

## External links

[edit]

* Paleoconservatism at the Encyclopædia Britannica
* Media related to Paleoconservatism at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Conservatism in the United States

Schools|

* Compassionate
* Fiscal
* Fusion
* Libertarian
* Moderate
* Movement
* Neo-
* Paleo-
* Postliberal
* Progressive
* Social
* Traditionalist

Principles|

* American exceptionalism
* Anti-communism
* Christian nationalism
* Classical liberalism
* Communitarianism
* Constitutionalism
* Familialism
* Family values
* Federalism
* States' rights
* Gender essentialism
* Complementarianism
* Judeo-Christian values
* Individualism
* Law and order
* Limited government
* Militarism
* Moral absolutism
* Natural law
* Ordered liberty
* Patriotism
* Protectionism
* Republicanism
* Right to bear arms
* Rule of law
* Tradition

People|

| Presidents|

* Adams (John)
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* Cleveland
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* Trump
* Washington

|

Jurists|

* Alito
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* O'Connor
* Parker
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* Sutherland
* Taft
* Thomas
* Vermeule
* Yoo

Intellectuals|

* Adams
* Anton
* Babbitt
* Bacevich
* Bell
* Bellow
* Bloom
* Boorstin
* Buckley
* Burnham
* Calhoun
* Chambers
* Conquest
* Deneen
* Eastman
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* Gottfried
* Hanson
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* Hoppe
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* Jaffa
* Kendall
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* Kirk
* Kirkpatrick
* Kreeft
* Kristol
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Lasch
* Lind
* Lovecraft
* Loury
* Lukacs
* Mansfield
* Mencken
* Meyer
* Molnar
* Murray
* Nisbet
* O'Connor
* Ong
* Ransom
* Rieff
* Santayana
* Sowell
* Strauss
* Viereck
* Voegelin
* Washington
* Weaver
* Yarvin

Other figures|

* Ailes
* Atwater
* Beck
* Breitbart
* Carlson
* Cheney
* Coulter
* Cruz
* DeSantis
* Dilling
* Elder
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* Gingrich
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* Levin
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* Lindbergh
* Lodge
* Lovecraft
* McCain
* McCarthy
* McConnell
* Novak
* O'Reilly
* Palin
* Rand Paul
* Ron Paul
* Pence
* Perot
* Quayle
* Romney
* Rove
* Rumsfeld
* Ryan
* Sessions
* Schlafly
* Shapiro
* Stone
* Robert A. Taft
* Booker T. Washington

Parties|

* American Party
* American Independent Party
* Conservative Party of New York State
* Constitution Party
* Republican Party
* Anti-Masonic Party
* Constitutional Union Party
* Democratic Party (historically, factions)
* Boll weevils
* Conservative Democrats
* Dixiecrats
* Reagan Democrats
* Southern Democrats
* Rhode Island Suffrage Party
* Federalist Party
* National Republican Party
* Native American Party
* Whig Party

Movements|

* Alt-right
* Asian and Pacific Islander
* Black
* Christian right
* Dark Enlightenment
* Female
* Green
* Hispanic and Latino
* LGBT
* Libertarian Republicans
* Militia movement
* Patriot movement
* Christian
* Radical Right
* Reactionary feminism
* Tea Party movement
* Trumpism

Think tanks|

* Acton Institute
* AdTI
* AEI
* CSP
* CfNI
* Claremont Institute
* CEI
* CSPC
* EPPC
* FRI
* Gatestone Institute
* Heartland Institute
* The Heritage Foundation
* Heritage Action
* Mandate for Leadership
* Project Esther
* Project 2025
* Hoover Institution
* Hudson Institute
* ISI
* James Madison Program
* Leadership Institute
* Manhattan Institute
* Mises Institute
* PRI
* PNAC (Defunct)
* Ripon Society
* R Street Institute
* Rockford Institute
* SPN
* Sutherland Institute
* Tax Foundation
* Witherspoon Institute

Historical factions|

* Bourbon Democrats
* Dixiecrats
* Loyalists
* Old Right
* Redeemers
* Southern Agrarians

Literature|

* Democracy in America (1835–1840)
* Democracy and Leadership (1924)
* I'll Take My Stand (1930)
* Our Enemy, the State (1935)
* The Managerial Revolution (1941)
* Ideas Have Consequences (1948)
* God and Man at Yale (1951)
* The Conservative Mind (1953)
* The Conscience of a Conservative (1960)
* A Choice Not an Echo (1964)
* Losing Ground (1984)
* A Conflict of Visions (1987)
* The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
* The Bell Curve (1994)
* A Republic, Not an Empire (1999)
* Hillbilly Elegy (2017)
* The Benedict Option (2017)
* Why Liberalism Failed (2018)

See also|

* American nationalism
* Bibliography of conservatism in the United States
* List of American conservatives
* National conservatism
* Southern strategy

* Conservatism portal

* v
* t
* e

Conservatism

Schools
by region|

| International|

* Authoritarian
* Corporatist
* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Moderate
* National
* Paternalistic
* Populist
* Pragmatic
* Progressive
* Reactionary
* Religious
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Ultra

|

Asia|

| China|

* Chiangism
* Confucianism
* Neo
* New
* Dai Jitao Thought
* Neoauthoritarianism

|

Iran|

* Khomeinism
* Monarchist
* Principlist

Israel|

* Fundamentalist
* Jewish
* Kahanism
* Zionism
* Neo
* Religious
* Revisionist

Japan|

* Minzoku
* Neo
* Nippon Kaigi
* Shōwa Statism
* State Shinto

South Korea|

* Ilminism
* New Right

Turkey|

* Democratic
* Erdoğanism
* Neo-Ottomanism

Other|

* Bangladesh
* Hong Kong
* India
* Malaysia
* Pakistan
* Ziaism
* Singapore
* Taiwan
* Chiangism

Europe|

| France|

* Action Française
* Bonapartism
* Gaullism
* Integral nationalism
* Legitimism
* Maurrassisme
* Nouvelle Droite
* Orléanism
* Révolution nationale
* Sarkozysm
* Ultra-royalism

|

Germany|

* Agrarian
* Hegelian
* Historical School
* Neue Rechte
* Ordoliberalism
* Prussianism
* Cameralistic
* Socialist
* Revolutionary
* Young
* Ritter School
* Romanticism
* State Socialism
* Völkisch

Italy|

* Berlusconism
* Historical Right
* Italian school of elitism
* Neo-Bourbonism
* Sanfedismo

Poland|

* Golden Liberty
* Kaczyzm
* Monarchist
* National Democracy
* Sarmatism

Russia|

* Duginism
* Eurasianism
* Monarchist
* Black-hundredism
* Tsarism
* Putinism
* Slavophilia
* Pochvennichestvo

Spain|

* Alfonsism
* Carlism
* Carloctavismo
* Carlo-francoism
* Francoism
* National Catholicism
* Integrism
* Mellismo
* Maurism
* Neocatholicism
* Noucentisme

United
Kingdom|

* Cameronism
* Civic
* Compassionate
* Muscular liberalism
* Jacobitism
* Neo-Jacobite Revival
* Neo
* One-nationism
* Powellism
* Thatcherism
* Toryism
* High
* Red
* Social

Other|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Rexism
* Denmark
* Finland
* Georgia
* Monarchist
* Greece
* Metaxism
* Populist
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Miguelist
* Integralismo Lusitano
* Romania
* Monarchist
* Serbia
* Monarchist
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine

Latin America|

| Argentina|

* Federal Peronism
* Maurrasismo
* Menemism
* Nacionalismo
* Orthodox Peronism

|

Brazil|

* Bolsonarism
* Coronelism
* Integralism
* Janismo
* Monarchist
* Patrianovism
* Populism

Chile|

* Gremialismo
* Pinochetism

Other|

* Belize
* Colombia
* Rojismo
* Uribism
* Cuba
* Guatemala
* Mexico
* Cristero
* Panama
* Peru
* Fujimorism
*  Odriismo
* Uruguay
* Herrerism
* Riverism
* Ruralismo
* Venezuela
* Perezjimenismo

North America|

| Canada|

* Populism
* Trumpism
* Clerico-nationalism
* Social
* Toryism
* Blue
* Red
* Pink

|

United
States|

* Compassionate
* Libertarian
* Fusionism
* Paleo
* Tea Party
* Movement
* Neo
* Old Right
* Paleo
* Reaganism
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Trumpism

Oceania|

* Australia
* Centre Right
* National Right
* New Zealand

Philosophy|

| Principles|

* Ancestral worship
* Authority
* Traditional
* Class collaboration
* Consociationalism
* Clericalism
* Collective identity
* Confessionalism
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural heritage
* Cultural values
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Discipline
* Duty
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethical order
* Familialism
* Family values
* Fundamentalism
* Gender role
* Complementarianism
* Honour
* Imperialism
* Loyalty
* Monarchism
* Royalist
* Natural law
* Natural Order
* Norms
* Conventions
* Customs
* Mores
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Organized religion
* Orthodoxy
* Patriotism
* Nationalism
* Personalism
* Philosophical realism
* Moral realism
* Private property
* Protectionism
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Solidarity
* Sovereignty
* State religion
* Stewardship
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition

|

Intellectuals|

* Bainville
* Barruel
* Belloc
* Bonald
* Buckley Jr.
* Burke
* Burnham
* Carlyle
* Chateaubriand
* Chesterton
* Coleridge
* Comte
* Cortés
* Dávila
* Dostoevsky
* Eliot
* Evola
* Fardid
* Gentz
* Haller
* Hitchens
* Hume
* Iorga
* Johnson
* Jünger
* Karamzin
* Kirk
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* La Mennais
* Le Bon
* Le Play
* Leontiev
* Lewis
* Maistre
* Mansfield
* Maurras
* Menéndez
* More
* Müller
* Newman
* Nisbet
* Novalis
* Oakeshott
* Corrêa de Oliveira
* Peterson
* Ranke
* Renan
* Rivarol
* Röpke
* Santayana
* Savigny
* Schlegel
* Schmitt
* Scruton
* Solzhenitsyn
* Sowell
* Spann
* Spengler
* Stahl
* Strauss
* Taine
* Tocqueville
* Uvarov
* Voegelin

Politics|

| Organisations|

* European Conservatives and Reformists Party
* European People's Party
* Identity and Democracy
* International Democrat Union
* International Monarchist League
* Muslim Brotherhood
* Tradition, Family, Property

|

Politicians|

* Abe
* Adams
* Adenauer
* Andreotti
* Berlusconi
* Bismarck
* Bolsonaro
* GW Bush
* Canning
* Chiang
* Churchill
* Diefenbaker
* Disraeli
* Dmowski
* Dollfuss
* Erdoğan
* Franco
* Fujimori
* de Gaulle
* Harper
* Horthy
* John Paul II
* Kaczyński
* Khamenei
* Khomeini
* Kohl
* Le Pen
* Lee
* Macdonald
* Mannerheim
* Marcos
* Maurras
* Menzies
* Metaxas
* Metternich
* Mobutu
* Modi
* Netanyahu
* Orbán
* Park
* Pérez Jiménez
* Pinochet
* Pitt
* Powell
* Prat de la Riba
* Putin
* Reagan
* Salazar
* Salisbury
* Smith
* Stolypin
* Suharto
* Thatcher
* Trujillo
* Trump
* Vajpayee
* de Valera
* Zia
* Zemmour

Religion|

* Christian democracy
* Christian politics
* Theonomy
* Christian right
* Theoconservatism
* Confucianism
* Hindutva
* Jewish conservatism
* Religious Zionism
* Islamism
* Islamic economics
* Theravada
* Buddhist economics
* Traditionalist Catholicism
* Catholic social teaching
* Distributism
* Integralism
* Ultramontanism
* Traditionalist School

Historical
background|

* Ancien régime
* Bourbon Restauration
* Congress of Vienna
* Concert of Europe
* Conservative Order
* Counter-Enlightenment
* German Romanticism
* Holy Alliance
* Ultra-royalism

Related|

| Ideologies|

* Agrarianism
* Clerical fascism
* Communitarianism
* Conservative liberalism
* Corporatism
* Localism

|

* Anti-communism
* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-Masonry
* Aristocracy
* Black conservatism
* United States
* Desecularization
* Postsecularism
* Conservative feminism
* Conservative wave
* Counter-revolutionary
* Elite theory
* Ethnopluralism
* Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
* LGBTQ conservatism
* Neo-feudalism
* Neo-medievalism
* Para-fascism
* Political Evangelicalism in Latin America
* Political theology
* Radical right
* Europe
* United States
* Reactionary
* Neo-
* Right realism
* Right-wing politics
* Authoritarianism
* New
* European
* Small-c conservatives

* Conservatism portal
* Politics portal

* v
* t
* e

Tea Party movement

Issues|

* American exceptionalism
* Popular constitutionalism
* Contract from America
* Originalism
* Paleoconservatism
* Free market
* FairTax
* Flat taxation
* Opposition to taxation

History|

* Electoral history of the Tea Party movement
* Right America: Feeling Wronged – Some Voices from the Campaign Trail
* Taxpayer March on Washington
* Restoring Honor rally
* Tea Party protests

People|

* Justin Amash
* Dick Armey
* Michele Bachmann
* Glenn Beck
* Matt Bevin
* Herman Cain
* Keli Carender
* Ted Cruz
* Jim DeMint
* Karl Denninger
* Matt Gaetz
* Trey Gowdy
* Sean Hannity
* Matt Kibbe
* Charles Koch
* David Koch
* Amy Kremer
* Mark Levin
* Rush Limbaugh
* Mark Meckler
* Sarah Palin
* Dan Patrick
* Rand Paul
* Ron Paul
* Rick Santelli
* Joe Walsh
* Allen West
* List of Tea Party politicians

Organizations|

* Americans for Prosperity
* Americans for Tax Reform
* Club for Growth
* DontGo
* FreedomWorks
* National Tea Party Federation
* Senate Conservatives Fund
* Tea Party Express
* Tea Party Patriots
* Tea Party Nation

Related topics|

* Breitbart News
* Freedom Caucus
* Libertarian Republican
* Liberty Caucus
* Second Amendment Caucus
* Tea Party Caucus
* Tea Party Community
* TheBlaze
* Women for Trump (founded by Kremer)
* 9-12 Project

* Conservatism portal

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